JP2022515363A - Exhaust gas turbine with cleaning equipment with special injectors - Google Patents

Abstract

A cleaning device (10) for the turbine is described. The cleaning device (10) includes an injector body (11) for injecting a cleaning liquid into the flow passage of the turbine. The injector body (11) includes a main flow passage (12). The main flow passage (12) is connected to one or more first flow passages (121) of each one or more first injectors (13). At least one of the one or more first flow passages (121) has a curved passage portion (125).

Description

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cleaning equipment for turbines, in particular exhaust gas turbines or output turbines. Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to turbines equipped with such cleaning devices, such as exhaust gas turbines or output turbines. Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger including an exhaust gas turbine equipped with such a cleaning device.

Background The exhaust gas turbine is used in an exhaust gas turbocharger for supplying air to an internal combustion engine, or is used as an output turbine for converting the energy contained in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine into mechanical energy or electric energy.

Depending on the actual operating conditions of the internal combustion engine and the composition of the fuel used to drive the internal combustion engine, in exhaust gas turbines, generally turbine stages, ie turbine blades on the impeller and guide vanes on the nozzle ring and various. Adhesion to the turbine casing portion is generated. Generally, deposits contain deposits of exhaust gas particles. Such dirt buildup results in a decrease in turbine efficiency in the area of the nozzle ring. Further, as a result, the temperature of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber rises, which causes the internal combustion engine and the turbocharger to be excessively loaded by heat. Especially in internal combustion engines, outlet valves are damaged or even destroyed.

For example, if a layer of dirt accumulates on the nozzle ring and turbine blades of a turbocharger connected to an internal combustion engine, it is expected that the rotational speed of the turbocharger will increase, and thus the air pressure and cylinder pressure will increase. As a result, in addition to the increased heat load, both internal combustion engine and turbocharger components are exposed to higher mechanical loads, which result in the destruction of the affected components. ..

In addition, the irregular distribution of such layers of dirt on the periphery of the blades of the turbine impeller causes an increase in rotor imbalance, which damages the bearings of the rotating parts. If dirt builds up on the turbine casing at the outer contour of the flow path extending radially outward of the turbine blades, the reduced radial spacing between the turbine blades and the turbine casing creates contact during operation, which causes the turbine. The blade will be damaged.

Therefore, from the above perspective, the affected areas of the nozzle ring, turbine blades and turbine casing must be cleaned regularly during operation.

In the art, water is commonly used as a cleaning agent to clean the exhaust gas turbine pollutants of heavy fuel operated internal combustion engines during operation, and this water is used in the turbine stage in the exhaust flow. It is ejected through one or more nozzles on the upstream side of the. It should be noted that the cleaning effect can only be achieved in the area of the exhaust gas turbine that can be wetted by the cleaning agent. Therefore, for good cleaning performance, a uniform distribution of cleaning agent must be achieved on the circular or annular surface at the inlet to the turbine stage.

There are some challenges with turbine cleaning systems for exhaust gas turbines, and some conflicting goals must be achieved. For example, the distribution of cleaning agent on the nozzle ring should spread evenly over the perimeter. The non-uniform distribution leads to non-uniform shrinkage of the turbine casing, which causes rubbing against the blade tip and wear. In addition, the amount of cleaning agent that hits the walls of the hot gas passage is minimized. Applying a cleaning agent, such as water, to a hot surface generally causes thermal stress, resulting in cracks and failure.

Therefore, there is a continuous need for cleaning equipment for internal cleaning of turbines, which at least partially overcomes the problems of the prior art and provides improved cleaning performance.

Overview Based on the above, a cleaning device for a turbine according to an independent claim is provided. Other aspects, advantages and features will be apparent from the dependent claims, the specification and the accompanying drawings.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a cleaning device for a turbine is provided. The cleaning device includes an injector body for injecting cleaning liquid into the flow passage of the turbine. The injector body includes a main flow passage. The main flow passage is connected to one or more first flow passages of each one or more first injectors. At least one of the one or more first flow passages includes a curved passage portion.

Therefore, the cleaning device of the present disclosure is improved as compared with the conventional cleaning device. In particular, the cleaning equipment of the present disclosure advantageously provides an improved cleaning liquid distribution that results in better cleaning performance. Further, the cleaning apparatus of the present disclosure is improved with respect to uniformly spreading the cleaning liquid, for example water, on the nozzle ring of the turbine.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a turbine comprising a cleaning device according to any of the embodiments described herein. For example, the turbine may be an exhaust gas turbine or an output turbine. Therefore, it is advantageous to be able to provide improved turbines, especially improved exhaust gas turbines or output turbines.

According to another aspect, there is provided an exhaust gas turbocharger comprising an exhaust gas turbine with a cleaning device according to any of the embodiments described herein. Therefore, an improved exhaust gas turbocharger can be provided.

A more detailed description of the present disclosure briefly summarized above will be given with reference to embodiments so that the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail. The accompanying drawings are described below with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure.

It is sectional drawing which shows schematically the turbine casing of the exhaust gas turbine equipped with the cleaning device by the prior art. It is sectional drawing schematically showing the turbine casing of the exhaust gas turbine provided with the cleaning apparatus according to the embodiment described in this specification. It is a front view of the cleaning apparatus according to the embodiment described in this specification. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA shown in FIG. 3 of the cleaning device according to the embodiment described in the present specification.

Detailed Description of Embodiments Refer to various embodiments in detail. One or more embodiments of these embodiments are illustrated in each drawing. Each embodiment is provided for illustration purposes only and is not intended to be limiting. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used in any other embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment to obtain yet another embodiment. Can be used. The present disclosure is intended to include such variants and variations.

In the description of the drawings below, the same reference numbers refer to the same or similar components. In general, only the differences with respect to the individual embodiments are described. Unless otherwise stated, the description of a portion or embodiment in one embodiment can be similarly applied to the corresponding portion or embodiment in another embodiment.

The cleaning device 50 according to the prior art will be described schematically with reference to FIG.

In particular, FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view along the turbine axis of one section of the prior art axial flow turbine. The gas inlet casing 1 includes an outer casing wall and an inner casing wall, the inner casing wall is configured in a spherical shape with a hollow internal space, and the hollow internal space is the opposite of the flow passage. On the side, it functions as a cover for the hub body 42 of the turbine impeller 4. The turbine impeller is provided in the gas outlet casing 2.

During the operation of the exhaust gas turbine, the high temperature exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is first directed into the gas inlet casing 1 of the exhaust gas turbine, which provides an exhaust gas flow having a substantially circular cross section. The effect of the inner casing wall is the conversion to an annular exhaust gas stream with streamline thought points that collide with the inner casing wall in a substantially vertical direction. This annular exhaust gas flow is guided to the turbine blade 41. The nozzle ring 3 arranged on the upstream side of the turbine blade 41 has a task of optimally aligning the exhaust gas with the turbine blade 41 of the turbine impeller 4. On the upstream side of the nozzle ring 3, a cleaning device 50 extending from the inner casing wall of the gas inlet casing into the flow passage 21 is provided.

In particular, the cleaning device 50 includes a nozzle body 5 that projects from the inner casing wall into the flow passage 21 in the region of the streamline thinking point. The nozzle body includes a plurality of nozzle openings 51, 52 for injecting a cleaning liquid into the flow passage 21.

In particular, the nozzle openings 51 and 52 are divided into two nozzle opening groups. The first group of nozzle openings 52 is located downstream of the aperture point 53. The second group of nozzle openings 51 is located upstream of the aperture point 53. The drawing point 53 allows two different pressure levels to be achieved for the cleaning solution. In particular, the first group of nozzle openings 52 can be configured to inject cleaning liquid at a lower pressure than the second group of nozzle openings 51 on the upstream side of the throttle 53. Different pressure conditions in the first nozzle opening and the second nozzle opening 52 can inject different amounts of cleaning liquid with different injection velocities into the flow passage 21 through these nozzle openings 51, 52. It has the effect of being able to do it.

The cleaning device 10 for a turbine according to the present disclosure will be described exemplary with reference to FIGS. 2-4. According to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, the cleaning device 10 includes an injector body 11 for injecting cleaning liquid into the flow passage of the turbine. As exemplified in FIG. 4, the injector main body 11 includes a main flow passage 12. For example, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, the injector main body 11 may be assembled to the inlet casing 1 (spherical missing portion) of the turbine. The main flow passage 12 is connected to one or more first flow passages 121 of each one or more first injectors 13. For example, the one or more first injectors 13 may be low pressure injectors. At least one of the one or more first flow passages 121 includes a curved passage portion 125, as exemplified in FIG.

It is understood that the curved passage portion 125 may include a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional bend. In other words, the curved passage portion 125 can be bent in the x-direction and / or the y-direction and / or the z-direction. Further, when two or more first injectors 13 are provided, the curved passage portions 125 of each first flow passage 121 may be different from each other. Therefore, it is understood that the one or more first flow passages 121 may be individually bent in one, two, or three dimensions, for example, by each curved passage portion. Although not specified, it is understood that one or more first flow passages 121 may include two or more curved passage portions.

Therefore, as compared to the prior art, the cleaning equipment according to the present disclosure advantageously provides a cleaning equipment design with an improved cleaning liquid distribution that results in better cleaning performance. In particular, the cleaning apparatus according to the embodiments described herein is improved with respect to uniformly spreading the cleaning solution.

With reference to FIGS. 2-4, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, the main flow passage 12 is provided with one or more second injectors 14. Can be connected to one or more of the second flow passages 122. For example, the one or more second injectors 13 may be high pressure injectors. In particular, one or more second injectors can be directly connected to the main flow passage so that one or more second injectors can be supplied directly via the plenum.

From FIGS. 2-4, it is generally understood that the cleaning liquid, eg water, enters the cleaning device at the inlet of the main flow passage of the injector body, especially at high pressure levels. The cleaning fluid is then further distributed to each injection opening by one or more first injectors 13 and / or one or more second injectors 14, from which the cleaning fluid enters the turbine flow passage 21. It is sprayed. As a non-limiting example, FIG. 3 shows a cleaning device design with 6 low pressure injectors 13 and 5 high pressure injectors 14, of which 3 high pressure injectors 14 are shown. It can be confirmed in the perspective view of 3. However, it is understood that the cleaning device may include various numbers of low pressure injectors and / or high pressure injectors.

Accordingly, the cleaning equipment described herein can be configured to provide cleaning liquid jets at various pressure levels. In particular, in order to ensure the high permeation of the cleaning solution required for cleaning the nozzle ring, for example, in a specific region of the gas flow upstream of the nozzle ring, a cleaning device as described herein may be used. Advantageously configured to provide a high pressure jet of cleaning solution to the nozzle ring. Additionally, the cleaning device is configured to provide a low pressure jet of cleaning liquid in areas where low pressure injection is beneficial for good cleaning results.

As exemplified in FIG. 4, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, one or more first flow passages 121 are each one or more first. It is terminated in each of the injection openings 131 of. At least one of the one or more first injection openings 131 provides an injection direction 102 deviating from the main flow direction 101 in the main flow passage 12 by a deviation angle α of α ≧ 15 °. For example, the deviation angle α is α ≧ 25 °, α ≧ 35 °, α ≧ 45 °, α ≧ 55 °, α ≧ 65 °, α ≧ 75 °, α ≧ 85 °, α ≧ 95 °, α ≧ 105. You can choose from the group consisting of °, α ≧ 115 ° and α ≧ 125 °.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the two or more first injection openings 131 can provide different, i.e., distinct injection directions from each other. In other words, at least one first injection opening 131 may be configured to provide an injection direction deviating from the main flow direction in the main flow passage 12 by a deviation angle α1 while at least _one alternative. The first injection opening 131 of the above may be configured to provide a different deviation angle α ₂ . Therefore, it is understood that two or more first injection openings may be configured to provide individual injection directions.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the flow cross-section of the first injection opening 131 may be individually designed. In other words, at least two flow cross sections of each first injection opening 131 may have different flow cross sections.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the cross section of one or more first flow passages 121 may be circular or elliptical or completely free. .. In particular, at least one of the one or more first flow passages 121 includes an inner free-form surface.

A free-form surface can be understood as a surface that does not have radial dimensions, unlike regular surfaces such as flat, cylindrical or conical surfaces. For example, a free-form surface can be given by an array of control points and a mathematical model that defines how the surface is created. In particular, based on a mathematical model, a free-form surface can be divided into an interpolated free-form surface and an approximate free-form surface. In the case of an interpolated free-form surface, the surface passes through a predefined control point. Approximate free-form surfaces can include (non) rational Bezier curves and (non) rational (non) uniform b-spline surfaces.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, at least one of one or more first flow passages 121 is through one orifice 15 in the main flow passage 12. It is connected to the. Generally, the cross section of the orifice 15 is smaller than the flow cross section of at least one first flow passage 121. Therefore, each orifice 15 provided at the inlet of one or more first flow passages 121 may be configured to reduce the pressure level of the cleaning liquid to an intended level. Each orifice can be individually designed with respect to the flow cross-sectional area and / or with respect to cross-sectional shapes such as circular, oval, free-form or any other suitable shape.

As exemplified in FIG. 4, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, at least one of the one or more first flow passages 121 is a guide. Contains vane 16. In particular, the guide vanes 16 may be provided in the curved passage portion 125 of one or more first flow passages 121. Providing guide vanes in one or more first flow passages can be beneficial to improve flow guides or to ensure optimal flow guides in the first flow passages. Additional or alternative, another flow feature, such as a rib or recess, may be provided in at least one of the one or more first flow passages 121 for optimization of the flow guide. ..

With reference to FIG. 4 as an example, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, at least one of one or more second flow passages 122 is a main stream. Includes a conical section 123 with an enlarged flow cross section at the connection with the passage 12. Therefore, the flow guide to one or more second flow passages 122 can be improved.

Further, as exemplified by FIG. 4, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, at least one of one or more second flow passages. One includes a cylindrical section 124 that terminates within the second injection opening 132. Therefore, the one or more second flow passages 122 are terminated within each of the one or more second injection openings 132. The one or more second pressure injection openings 132 may also be referred to as high pressure injection openings. For example, the cylindrical section 124 may have a length-to-diameter ratio L / D of 1 ≦ L / D ≦ 4, especially 2 ≦ L / D ≦ 3, for example L / D = 2.5 ± 0. It is .25. Providing a cylindrical section in one or more second flow passages may be advantageous to ensure an optimal spray profile.

With reference to FIG. 4 as an example, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, at least one inlet section of one or more second flow passages 122 is a guide. Vane 16 may be included. In particular, the guide vanes 16 may be provided in the inlet section of the conical section 123 of one or more second flow passages 122. Providing a guide vane at the inlet section of one or more second flow passages 122 is advantageous for improving the flow guide at the inlet of the second flow passage or ensuring an optimal flow guide. Additional or alternative, another flow feature, such as a rib or recess, is provided at least one inlet or interior of one or more second flow passages 122 for flow guide optimization. be able to.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, at least one of the one or more second flow passages 122 may include an inner free-form surface. ..

As illustrated in FIG. 4, at least one of each of the two or more second injection openings 132 is according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein. Provided is an injection direction 103 deviating from the main flow direction 101 in the main flow passage 12 by a deviation angle β of β ≧ 15 °. For example, the deviation angle β is β ≧ 25 °, β ≧ 35 °, β ≧ 45 °, β ≧ 55 °, β ≧ 65 °, β ≧ 75 °, β ≧ 85 °, β ≧ 95 °, β ≧ 105. You can choose from the group consisting of °, β ≧ 115 ° and β ≧ 125 °.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the two or more second injection openings 132 can provide different, i.e., distinct injection directions from each other. In other words, at least one second injection opening 132 may be configured to provide an injection direction deviating by a deviation angle β ₁ from the main flow direction in the main flow passage 12, while at least one. Another second injection opening 132 may be configured to provide a different deviation angle β ₂ . Therefore, it is understood that the two or more second injection openings may be configured to provide separate injection directions.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the flow cross-section of the second injection opening 132 may be individually designed. In other words, at least two flow cross sections of each second injection opening 132 may have different flow cross sections.

According to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, one or more first flow passages 121 include a plurality of first flow passages 121 such that N ₁ ≧ 2. I'm out. For example, the number N ₁ of the first flow passages 121 is N ₁ = 2, N ₁ = 3, N ₁ = 4, N ₁ = 5, N ₁ = 6, N ₁ = 7, N ₁ = 8, N. You can choose from the group consisting of ₁ = 9, N ₁ = 10 and N ₁ > 10. Further, the number N ₁ of the first flow passages is N ₁ ≧ 2, N ₁ ≧ 3, N ₁ ≧ 4, N ₁ ≧ 5, N ₁ ≧ 6, N ₁ ≧ 7, N ₁ ≧ 8, N ₁ . It is understood that one can choose from the group consisting of ≧ 9 and N ₁ ≧ 10.

According to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, the _first flow passage 121 of the number N1 may include an individually designed inner free-form surface. can.

According to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, the first flow passage 121 of the number N ₁ is connected to the main flow passage 12 via each of the plurality of orifices 15. Has been done. In particular, at least two of the plurality of orifices 15 have different flow cross sections. In particular, the orifice 15 may be individually designed to provide a separate pressure drop and a separate water flow rate.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, one or more second flow passages 122 have N ₂ = 2, N ₂ = 3, N ₂ = 4, N. The second flow passage of the number N ₂ selected from the group consisting of ₂ = 5, N ₂ = 6, N ₂ = 7, N ₂ = 8, N ₂ = 9, N ₂ = 10 and N ₂ > 10. Includes. Further, the number N ₂ of the second flow passages is N ₂ ≧ 2, N ₂ ≧ 3, N ₂ ≧ 4, N ₂ ≧ 5, N ₂ ≧ 6, N ₂ ≧ 7, N ₂ ≧ 8, N ₂ . It is understood that ≧ 9 and N ₂ ≧ 10 can be set.

As exemplified in FIGS. 2-4, according to an embodiment that can be combined with another embodiment described herein, one or more second flow passages 122 are one or more. It may be formed shorter than the first flow passage 121 of the above. Alternatively, the one or more second flow passages 122 can be formed longer or the same length as the one or more first flow passages 121.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the cleaning device is manufactured, at least in part, by additive manufacturing. In particular, the adoption of additive manufacturing has the advantage that complex or special design features, such as free-form shapes and surfaces, can be manufactured easily and cost-effectively. In addition, additive manufacturing provides cleaning equipment with individually designed injectors, such as injectors with individually designed flow paths, including individual free-form geometries, especially individual inner free-form surfaces. It may be advantageous to manufacture.

In particular, the cleaning equipment described herein can be designed and manufactured by combining enhanced methodologies in CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) design with the benefits of additive manufacturing. The free-form shape of the individual passages that distribute the cleaning fluid to the injection openings allows for optimal flow guidance, reduces recirculation zones, and provides an intact and optimal flow profile at the injection opening of the jet of cleaning fluid in the turbine casing. ..

More specifically, the cleaning equipment described herein can be designed using a closed loop process between CFD simulation and CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools, which process is the flow of the cleaning equipment. Helps optimize characteristics and injection characteristics. For example, a CFD simulation can evaluate the distribution of cleaning fluid on the turbine casing and nozzle ring and calculate the pressure drop in individual passages within the cleaning equipment. With this information, the geometry can be modified and then re-evaluated by CFD. Therefore, the optimum geometry of the cleaning device can be determined through several design loops.

According to embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments described herein, at least one of one or more first injectors 13, in particular one or more first flow passages 121, 1. A cleaning device selected from the group consisting of at least one second injector of the two or more second injectors 14, in particular one or more second flow passages 122 and an injector body 11, in particular the main flow passage 12. At least one element of can be manufactured by additive manufacturing.

Further, it is understood that the cleaning device can also be manufactured, at least in part, by conventional machining techniques such as drilling, milling, welding and the like. For example, the cleaning device may include at least one element or component manufactured by additive manufacturing, eg, one or more first flow passages 121, while the remaining elements or components of the cleaning device. , Can be manufactured by conventional machining techniques.

Considering the embodiments described herein, it is understood that improved cleaning equipment for turbines, especially exhaust gas turbines or output turbines, is provided as compared to the prior art. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure advantageously provide an improved cleaning solution distribution that provides better cleaning performance. Further, embodiments of the present disclosure have been improved with respect to uniformly spreading a cleaning solution, such as water, onto the nozzle ring of a turbine. Moreover, embodiments of the present disclosure are advantageously configured to provide cleaning fluid jets at various pressure levels. In particular, in order to ensure the high permeation of the cleaning solution required for cleaning the nozzle ring, for example, in a specific region of the gas flow upstream of the nozzle ring, the embodiments of the present disclosure are advantageous in the nozzle. It is configured to provide a high pressure jet of cleaning fluid to the ring. Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure are advantageously configured to provide a low pressure jet of cleaning liquid in areas where low pressure injection is advantageous in order to obtain good cleaning results.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a turbine is provided. In particular, there is provided a turbine of the present disclosure, eg, an exhaust gas turbine or an output turbine, comprising a cleaning device according to any of the embodiments described herein. Therefore, as compared to conventional turbines, the turbine embodiments described herein provide a turbine that can be cleaned more effectively.

According to another aspect, an exhaust gas turbocharger is provided. In particular, an exhaust gas turbocharger of the present disclosure is provided, comprising an exhaust gas turbine equipped with a cleaning device according to any of the embodiments described herein. Therefore, the embodiments of the exhaust gas turbine described herein can be cleaned more effectively as compared to conventional exhaust gas turbochargers.

Although the above relates to a plurality of embodiments, another different embodiment may be devised without departing from the basic scope, the scope of which is determined by the following claims.

1 Gas inlet casing 2 Gas outlet casing 3 Nozzle ring 4 Turbine impeller 41 Turbine blade 42 Turbine impeller hub body 45 Turbine shaft 50 Advanced technology cleaning device 5 Advanced technology cleaning device nozzle body 51 High pressure nozzle opening 52 Low pressure nozzle opening 53 Squeeze point (narrowed part)
6 Supply pipeline for supplying cleaning liquid 10 Cleaning device 101 Main flow direction 102 Injection direction of low-pressure injector 103 Injection direction of high-pressure injector 11 Injector body 12 Main flow passage 121 One or more first flow passages 122 One or more first 2 flow passage 123 Conical division 124 Cylindrical division 125 Curved passage part 13 One or more first injectors 131 First injection opening 132 Second injection opening 14 One or more second injectors 15 Orchid 16 Guide vanes 21 Turbine flow passage α Deviation angle of low-pressure injector injection direction with respect to main flow direction β Deviation angle of high-pressure injector injection direction with respect to main flow direction L Length of cylindrical section D Diameter of cylindrical section N ₁ First flow path Number N ₂ Number of second flow passages

Claims (17)

Turbine cleaning device (10)
The injector main body (11) for injecting a cleaning liquid into the flow passage of the turbine, the injector main body (11) has a main flow passage (12), and the main flow passage (12) is one or more. It is connected to one or more first flow passages (121) of each of the first injectors (13) of the above, and at least one of the one or more first flow passages (121) is bent. A cleaning device (10) having a curved passage portion (125) including a portion. The one or more first flow passages (121) are terminated in each of the one or more first injection openings (131) and the one or more first injection openings (131). 1. The injection direction (102) deviating from the main flow direction (101) in the main flow passage (12) by a deviation angle α of α ≧ 15 °. Cleaning device (10). The cleaning device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the one or more first flow passages (121) has an inner free-form surface. At least one of the one or more first flow passages (121) is connected to the main flow passage (12) via an orifice (15), and the flow cross section of the orifice (15) is The cleaning device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is smaller than the flow cross section of the at least one first flow passage (121). The cleaning device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the one or more first flow passages (121) has a guide vane (16). The main flow passage (12) is connected to one or more second flow passages (122) of each of the one or more second injectors (14), and the one or more second injectors. The cleaning device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein (14) is a high-pressure injector, and the one or more first injectors (13) are low-pressure injectors. At least one of the one or more second flow passages (122) has a conical section (123) with an enlarged flow cross section at the connection with the main flow passage (12). , The cleaning apparatus (10) according to claim 6. 6. Cleaning device (10). The cylindrical division (124) has a length-to-diameter ratio L / D of 1 ≦ L / D ≦ 4, particularly 2 ≦ L / D ≦ 3, and particularly L / D = 2.5 ± 0.25. The cleaning device (10) according to claim 8. The one or more first flow passages (121) have a plurality of first flow passages (121) having N ₁ > 2, and the _{first flow passages having the number N 1 (} 121). 121) The cleaning apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, each having an individually designed inner free-form surface having different flow cross-sections. The one or more first flow passages (121) have a plurality of first flow passages (121) having N ₁ > 2, and the _{first flow passages having the number N 1 (} 121). 121) is connected to the main flow passage (12) via each of the plurality of orifices (15), and at least two of the orifices (15) have different flow cross sections. Item 6. The cleaning apparatus (10) according to any one of Items 1 to 10. The one or more first flow passages (121) have N ₁ = 2, N ₁ = 3, N ₁ = 4, N ₁ = 5, N ₁ = 6, N ₁ = 7, N ₁ = 8, Any one of claims 1 to 11 having the number N ₁ of the first flow passages (121) selected from the group consisting of N ₁ = 9, N ₁ = 10 and N ₁ > 10. The cleaning device (10). The cleaning device (10) according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein at least one inlet section of the one or more second flow passages (122) has a guide vane (16). .. The number N ₂ of the second flow passages (122) is N ₂ = 2, N ₂ = 3, N ₂ = 4, N ₂ = 5, N ₂ = 6, N ₂ = 7, N ₂ = 8, The cleaning device (10) according to any one of claims 6 to 13, selected from the group consisting of N ₂ = 9, N ₂ = 10 and N ₂ > 10. The cleaning device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the cleaning device is manufactured by addition manufacturing at least partially. A turbine, particularly an exhaust gas turbine or an output turbine, comprising the cleaning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14. An exhaust gas turbocharger having an exhaust gas turbine provided with the cleaning device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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