JP2022500497A - がん治療で用いる5−アセトアミドメチルオキサゾリジノン誘導体 - Google Patents
がん治療で用いる5−アセトアミドメチルオキサゾリジノン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
がんの治療、改善又は予防に用いるための、以下の式(I):
XがOである場合を除き、R1は水素であるが、XがOの場合、R1は水素、CN、CO2R6又は、場合によっては、OR6、OCOR6、N(R6)2又はNHCOR6で置換されうる、C1〜2アルキルでありうる;
XがO、R1がCH3である場合を除き、R2は水素であるが、XがO、R1がCH3である場合、R2は、H又はCH3でありうる;
R3及びR4は、独立して、水素、F又はClである;
R5は、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキル;C3〜6シクロアルキル、アミノ、C1〜8アルキルアミノ、C1〜8ジアルキルアミノ又はC1〜8アルコキシである;
R6は各々、独立して、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキル、C3〜6シクロアルキル、アミノ、C1〜8アルキルアミノ、C1〜8ジアルキルアミノ又はC1〜8アルコキシである;
R7は各々、独立して、F、Cl、OH、C1〜8アルコキシ、C1〜8アシルオキシ又はO−CH2−Phである;
nは、0,1,又は2である)
で表される化合物又はその医薬的に許容されうる塩若しくは溶媒和物が提供される。
XがOである場合を除き、R1は水素であるが、XがOの場合、R1は水素、CN、CO2R6又は、場合によっては、OR6、OCOR6、N(R6)2又はNHCOR6で置換されうる、C1〜2アルキルでありうる;
XがO、R1がCH3である場合を除き、R2は水素であるが、XがO、R1がCH3である場合、R2は、H又はCH3でありうる;
R3及びR4は、独立して、水素、F又はClである;
R5は、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキル;C3〜6シクロアルキル、アミノ、C1〜8アルキルアミノ、C1〜8ジアルキルアミノ又はC1〜8アルコキシである;
R6は各々、独立して、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキル、C3〜6シクロアルキル、アミノ、C1〜8アルキルアミノ、C1〜8ジアルキルアミノ又はC1〜8アルコキシである;
R7は各々、独立して、F、Cl、OH、C1〜8アルコキシ、C1〜8アシルオキシ又はO−CH2−Phである;
nは、0,1,又は2である)
で表される化合物又はその医薬的に許容されうる塩若しくは溶媒和物に投与することを含む、方法が提供される。
好ましくは、R3及びR4の少なくとも1つは、F又はClである。より好ましくは、R3及びR4の一方はF又はClであり、他方は水素である。最も好ましくは、R3及びR4の一方はFであり、他方は水素である。
好ましくは、nは1である。
従って、最も好ましい実施形態では、式(I)の化合物は以下の式(Ia):
前記大腸がんは、結腸がん又は直腸がんでありうる。前記脳がんは、神経膠腫又は膠芽腫でありうる。上記のがんはいずれも、同定されたBRCA変異があってよく、又はなくてよい。前記乳がんは、HER2陽性乳がん又はHER2陰性乳がんでありうる。前記肝がんは、肝細胞がんでありうる。前記肺がんは、非小細胞肺がん又は小細胞肺がんでありうる。前記皮膚がんは、黒色腫でありうる。
当該式(I)の化合物は、第一態様及び第二態様により特定された通りである。好ましくは、式(I)の化合物は、本明細書で特定される式(Ia)の化合物、又はその医薬的に許容されうる塩若しくは溶媒和物である。当該式(Ia)の化合物はリネゾリドであることが理解されよう。
例えば、用いられる当該式(I)の化合物の治療有効量は、約0.01mg〜約800mg、好ましくは約0.01mg〜約500mgでありうる。当該式(I)の化合物の量は、約0.1mg〜約250mg、最も好ましくは約0.1mg〜約20mgであることが好ましい。
〔方法〕
・細胞形態、生存率及び増殖率を視覚的及び計数法により評価した。
・0日目:細胞を分割し、約1000細胞/ウェルを通常の完全培地に播種した。
・1日目:試験ウェル及び対照ウェルにシスプラチンを1μMで添加した。未処理細胞を対照として残した。
・第2日、シスプラチンを含む培地を廃棄し、ブロモデオキシウリジン(BrdU)及び下記の表1に示す濃度の薬物を含む新鮮な培地を加えた。
・6日目:培地を廃棄し、細胞を固定した。BrdUアッセイは、製造業者により実施した。
・対照は、BrdUを含まない細胞(ブランク)、未処理細胞(UN)及びシスプラチン処理細胞を24時間のみ(CIS)含んだ。
・すべての実験を3回実施した。
表1:細胞に添加した培地中の薬物濃度
・薬剤と共に6日間インキュベートした後、培地を廃棄し、細胞をFixDenat Solutionで室温にて30分間固定した。
・次いで、当該FixDenat Solutionを除去し、室温で2時間、抗BrdU−POD作業溶液で置換した。
・次いで、プレートを洗浄バッファーで3回洗浄した。
・基質液を加えた。
・H2SO4を添加して反応を停止させ、直ちに450nmで読み取った。
データはExcel及びPrismソフトウェアを用いて分析した。吸光度及び標準誤差の平均値は、各条件について技術的三重項を用いて計算した。
オラパリブ、ルカパリブ、ニラパリブはすべてPARPiとして知られており、承認されている。驚くことではないが、この結果は、上記化合物ががん細胞の増殖を効果的に低下させえたことを示す。しかし、当該承認PARPisは、核拡散をゼロに近づけえたものではない。
〔方法〕
方法は、2日目に添加した新しい新鮮な培地が、下記の表2に示す濃度のブロモデオキシウリジン(BrdU)及び薬物を含有することを除き、実施例1の記載と同様であった。化合物(A)と化合物(B)の可能なすべての濃度の組み合わせを試験した。
表2:細胞に添加した培地中の薬物濃度
結果を図3〜11に示す。承認PARPis、金複合体及びATR阻害剤は増殖をゼロ近くまで低下させないという事実のために、本発明者らは、併用療法を検討して、個々の薬物療法と比較して併用療法の追加的な相乗的増殖低下の可能性を評価した。
〔動物の維持〕
動物は試験前7日間隔離した。動物の全身の健康状態を獣医師が評価し、完全な健康診断を実施した。試験前に異常が認められた動物は除外した。
〔飼育施設〕
動物の世話及び飼育に関する一般的な手順は、Pharmaron,Inc.の基準、生命科学委員会、国立研究評議会、標準操作手順書(SOP)に準拠した。マウスは、各ケージに3〜5匹を入れ、一定の温度及び湿度で層流室で飼育した。動物は、300×180×150mm3のサイズのポリカーボネート製ケージに収容し、(22±3℃)の温度及び40%〜70%の相対湿度に維持された環境モニターされた十分に換気された部屋に収容した。蛍光灯で1日約12時間の照明を提供した。布団材は柔らかい木材であり、週1回交換した。
〔給餌〕
動物は、プロトコールで指定された期間を除き、試験期間中、放射線滅菌済み乾燥顆粒食品に自由にアクセスできた。
〔水分〕
検疫期間及び試験期間中、滅菌飲料水をボトルに入れ、すべての動物に自由に飲水投与した。使用前に、瓶及び付属の吸引チューブを備えたストッパーを高圧蒸気滅菌した。動物施設からの水試料を分析し、水分析の結果を獣医師又は被指名人がレビューし、研究の結果に干渉又は影響を及ぼす可能性のある既知の汚染物質が存在しないことを確認した。
MDA−MB−436腫瘍細胞株を、10%熱不活化ウシ胎仔血清添加改変DMEM培地中の単層培養物として、空気中5% CO2の雰囲気中で37℃にてインビトロで維持した。腫瘍細胞は、トリプシン−EDTA処理により、4〜5継代を超えない範囲で、週1回、常套手段でサブ培養された。指数増殖期で増殖した細胞を回収し、腫瘍接種について計数した。
560mgのリネゾリドを1.4mlのエタノール及び12.6mlのPEG400に溶解した。溶液をボルテックスし、均一な溶液をうるために高エネルギー超音波プローブで超音波処理した。得られた溶液を1日間使用した。
腫瘍サイズの測定は、キャリパを用いて週2回実施し、記録した。腫瘍体積(mm3)は、TV=a×b2/2の式を用いて推定した。「a」と「b」は各々腫瘍の長径と短径である。
図12に示すように、100mg/kgのリネゾリドを1日2回投与したマウスは、対照群と比較して腫瘍サイズが38%減少を示した。
マウスに投与されたリネゾリドの100mg/kg 1日2回の用量は、ヒトの用量と同等であることが注目される。これは、一般に、ヒトでは、経口又は静脈内投与のいずれかで600mg BIDの用量である。
リネゾリドは、インビトロ及びインビボ実験ともに、単独で用いた場合にがん細胞の増殖を低下させることが示されている。さらに、リネゾリドとPARPiを併用した場合、相乗効果が観察される。特にATMとリネゾリドの併用に顕著な相乗効果が認められた。本発明者らは、リネゾリドによる増殖抑制は、AZD6738によって達成される増殖抑制と同等であり、おそらく、臨床試験プログラムが現在最も進んでいるATR阻害剤であると考える。
Claims (29)
- がんの治療、改善又は予防に用いるための、以下の式(I):
XがOである場合を除き、R1は水素であるが、XがOの場合、R1は水素、CN、CO2R6又は、場合によっては、OR6、OCOR6、N(R6)2又はNHCOR6で置換されうる、C1〜2アルキルでありうる;
XがO、R1がCH3である場合を除き、R2は水素であるが、XがO、R1がCH3である場合、R2は、H又はCH3でありうる;
R3及びR4は、独立して、水素、F又はClである;
R5は、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキル;C3〜6シクロアルキル、アミノ、C1〜8アルキルアミノ、C1〜8ジアルキルアミノ又はC1〜8アルコキシである;
R6は各々、独立して、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキル、C3〜6シクロアルキル、アミノ、C1〜8アルキルアミノ、C1〜8ジアルキルアミノ又はC1〜8アルコキシである;
R7は各々、独立して、F、Cl、OH、C1〜8アルコキシ、C1〜8アシルオキシ又はO−CH2−Phである;
nは、0,1,又は2である)
で表される化合物又はその医薬的に許容されうる塩若しくは溶媒和物。 - XはOである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1は、水素、CN、CO2R6又は、場合によっては、OR6、OCOR6、N(R6)2又はNHCOR6で置換されてよい、C1〜2アルキルである、請求項1又は2に記載の化合物。
- R1は、水素、CN、CO2H、又は場合によっては、OH、OCOH、NH2、又はNHCOHで置換されてよい、C1〜2アルキルである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R1は、水素又はC1〜2アルキルである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R2は水素である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R3及びR4の少なくとも1つは、F又はClである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R3及びR4の一方はF又はClであり、他方は水素であり、場合によっては、R3及びR4の一方はFであり、他方は水素である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5は、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜8アルキルである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5は、水素、1又はそれ以上のR7で置換されてよいC1〜5アルキルである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5はCH3である、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- nは1である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記がんは、固形腫瘍又は固形がんである、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記がんは、腸がん、脳がん、乳がん、子宮内膜がん、胃がん、肝がん、肺がん、卵巣がん、膵臓がん、前立腺がん又は皮膚がんである、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- (i)前記大腸がんは、結腸がん又は直腸がんであり;(ii)前記脳がんは、神経膠腫又は膠芽腫であり;(iii)前記乳がんは、HER2陽性乳がん又はHER2陰性乳がんであり;(iv)前記肝がんは、肝細胞がんであり;(v)前記肺がんは、非小細胞肺がん又は小細胞肺がんであり;又は(vi)前記皮膚がんは、黒色腫である、請求項15に記載の化合物。
- 前記式(I)で表される化合物は、1又はそれ以上の化学療法薬と併用され、場合によっては、前記式(I)で表される化合物は、化学療法薬の後に用いられる、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記化学療法薬は、ブレオマイシン、カペシタビン、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、シクロホスファミド、ダカルバジン、ドセタキセル、ドクソルビシン(doxorubicin)、エピルビシン、エリブリン、エトポシド、5−フルオロウラシル、フォリン酸、ゲムシタビン、メトトレキセート、ムスチン、オキサリプラチン、パクリタキセル、プレドニゾロン、プロカルバジン、ビンブラスチン、ビンクリスチン及び/又はビノレルビンを含む、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- 前記式(I)で表される化合物は、DNAに損傷を与える又はDNA損傷応答プロセス(DDR)を阻害する薬物と併用される、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 前記式(I)で表される化合物は、ポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)阻害剤、ATM阻害剤、ATR阻害剤、チェックポイント阻害剤、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)阻害剤又はwee1阻害剤と併用される、請求項19に記載の化合物。
- (i)前記PARP阻害剤は、PARP1阻害剤である;又は(ii)前記チェックポイント阻害剤は、プログラム細胞死タンパク質1(PD−1)阻害剤、プログラム死リガンド1(PD−L1)阻害剤又は細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連タンパク質4(CTLA−4)阻害剤である、請求項20に記載の化合物。
- 前記PARP1阻害剤は、アウロチオマレート、アウロチオグルコース(ATG)、ルカパリブ、オラパリブ、ニルパリブ、タラゾパリブ、ベリパリブ、パミパリブ、2X−121又はオウラノフィン(auranofin)である、請求項21に記載の化合物。
- 前記PARP1阻害剤は、金複合体を含み、場合により、PARP1阻害剤は、アウロチオマレート、ATG又はオウラノフィンを含む、請求項22に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載の式(I)で表される化合物、又はその医薬的に許容されうる塩若しくは溶媒和物、及び医薬的に許容されうるビヒクルを含む、がん治療用医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、さらに、DNAに損傷を与える又はDNA損傷応答プロセス(DDR)を阻害する薬物を含み、ここで、場合によっては、前記DDR薬は、ポリ(ADP−リボース)ポリメラーゼ(PARP)阻害剤、ATM阻害剤、ATR阻害剤、チェックポイント阻害剤、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)阻害剤又はwee1阻害剤である、請求項24に記載の医薬組成物。
- (i)前記PARP阻害剤は、PARP1阻害剤である;又は(ii)前記チェックポイント阻害剤は、プログラム細胞死タンパク質1(PD−1)阻害剤、プログラム死リガンド1(PD−L1)阻害剤又は細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連タンパク質4(CTLA−4)阻害剤である、請求項25に記載の医薬組成物。
- PARP1阻害剤は、金錯体を含むか、又は金チオマレート(ATM)、アウロチオグルコース(ATG)、ルカパリブ、オラパリブ、ニルパリブ、タラゾパリブ、ベリパリブ、パミパリブ、2X−121又はオウラノフィンである、請求項26に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記PARP1阻害剤は、アウロチオマレート、ATG又はオウラノフィンを含む、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項24〜28のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を製造する方法であって、請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載の式(I)で表される化合物、又はその医薬的に許容されうる塩若しくは溶媒和物の治療有効量と、医薬的に許容されうるビヒクルとを接触させる工程を含む、方法。
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