JP2022188248A - レストレスレッグス症候群または過活動神経治療 - Google Patents
レストレスレッグス症候群または過活動神経治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Kentの2016年12月8日に公開された特許文献3は、患者の仙骨部または腰部の刺激を使用してレストレスレッグス症候群を治療する方法および装置に関する。
RLS医薬治療は、特定の場合において、ドーパミン補給(例えば、レボドパ)、ドーパミン作動薬(例えば、ロピニロール、プラミペキソール)、または抗痙攣薬(例えば、ガバペンチン)を含み得る。
ドーパミン作動薬は、RLSのための第一選択の薬理学療法であり得る。血清フェリチン値が低い値から正常の範囲にある患者は、鉄分補給がRLS増大を防止または減少させる可能性があるドーパミン作動性治療を受けているRLS患者と同様に、鉄分補給の恩恵を受ける可能性がある(Trenkwalder&Paulus、2010)。
本技術は、RLSまたはPLMDの電気刺激治療を含み得る。本技術は、本発明者がRLSまたはPLMDに特に有用な電気刺激対象位置であると認識しており、例えば、腓腹神経、腓骨神経、または大腿神経などの1つまたは複数の特定の選択された神経対象を含み得る。RLSの症状は、ほとんどの患者にとって下肢に発生することが最も一般的に報告されている。具体的には、RLSの症状は、前部の前脛骨筋領域と後部の腓腹筋領域に影響を与える。理論に束縛されるものではないが、これらの領域の神経支配から出現する求心性の感覚神経の過活動は、これらの筋肉が活性化するとき(例えば、脚が動かされるとき)に症状を一時的に消滅させる可能性が高い。浅腓骨神経およびその直接末梢伸長枝ならびに腓腹神経およびその直接末梢伸長枝は、脚のこの領域を神経支配する主要な感覚神経である。したがって、そのような神経位置は、RLS電気刺激療法の主な対象である。
腓骨神経対象位置には、少なくとも1つの電極、例えば好ましくは浅腓骨神経の真上またはその近くの皮膚の外側に直接的に配置され得る(図1C)。少なくとも1つの電極は、外側側副靱帯の下の膝の外側、またはその1~2インチ(2.54~5.08センチメートル)以内に、腓骨の目印の真下に配置され得る。第2の電極は、第1の電極の端部から第2の電極の端部まで少なくとも1インチ(2.54センチメートル)の間隔があるように配置され得る。第2の電極は、腓骨神経の長さに沿って、例えば脚のさらに下方に配置されるか、あるいは第2の電極は、第1の電極の約1~2インチ(2.54~5.08センチメートル)下などのように脛骨の真上に配置され得る。一例では、この第2の電極は、脛骨側の内側側副靭帯の真下で、膝の内側に、第1の電極と正対して配置され得る。次いで、電気刺激領域は、所望であれば、例えば、患者による知覚を減少させるために、より短い距離またはより長い距離の間に延びるように、変更されてもよい。
腓腹神経の位置には、少なくとも1つの電極が、例えば、被験者の足の外側の外果と踵骨との間の位置に、好ましくは、腓腹神経の真上のまたは腓腹神経にできるだけ近い皮膚の外側などに配置され得る。図1Bに示されるように、複数の電極は、例えば、外果の2cmの骨量(bony mass)のすぐ後ろに配置される1つの電極を有するように、腓腹神経の一部分の長さに沿って配置され得る。また1つ以上の追加の電極が、例えば、中心電極から横方向に約1.0インチから1.5インチ(3.81センチメートル)に広がった2つの拡張された「ウイング部(wing)」にそれぞれ含まれるように、中心電極と90度から180度の角度を成すように、これらの追加の電極を腓腹神経の長さに沿って位置付けられるように配置され、例えば、第1の追加電極が、踵骨腱に隣接して配置され、第2の追加電極が、足の外側の外側縦アーチ(lateral longitudinal arch)の基部の上に配置され得る。
大腿神経の位置には、少なくとも1つの電極が、例えば、上側で鼠径靭帯に、外側で縫工筋に、および内側で長内転筋によって囲まれた「大腿三角(femoral triangle)」のほぼ中央の位置に、好ましくは大腿神経の真上の皮膚または大腿神経のできるだけ近い皮膚の外側になどに配置され得る。複数の電極を含み得る複数の例では、そのような追加の電極は、電極縁部から電極縁部まで、第1の電極に対して最小1インチの間隔で位置付けられ、大腿神経の長さに沿って配置するように構成され得る。
図7は、どのように個々の神経線維成分が検出され得るかの概念的な例を示す。これは、その上流で刺激されている神経の長さに沿って1つ以上の特定の位置に配置される記録電極に接続され得る神経記録アンプシステムを使用することを含み得る。
神経刺激治療は、特に、複数の埋込型電気刺激電極を有する複数のデバイスの場合のように、連続的に使用されると、延長された期間において有効性が低下する可能性がある。そのような神経適応(neural accommodation)または耐性は、神経再構成(可塑性)または末端器官反応性の減弱に起因し得る。神経可塑性は、新しい経験に応じてニューロンの構造、機能、および構成が変化することである。本RLS電気刺激治療システムおよび技術は、長期の常習的な使用に亘ってそのような効力の低下を受けにくくするのを助けることができる特定の特徴を含み得る。
本明細書はHF RLF電気刺激治療を含むRLSおよびRLS治療に言及したが、RLSを検出または治療するための本技術は、同様の症状(脚の単収縮または運動)が睡眠中に起るPLMDにも適用可能である。
態様1は、(装置、システム、デバイス、方法、動作を実行するための手段、またはデバイスによって実行されたときにデバイスに動作を実行させる複数の命令を含むデバイス可読媒体などの)特定事項を含むかまたは使用し、例えば、適用される高周波電気刺激の使用を含むレストレスレッグス症候群(RLS)または周期性四肢運動障害(PLMD)に関連する1つまたは複数の症状の治療を提供することを含み得る。このことは、少なくとも1つの電気刺激電極を、RLSまたはPLMDを有する被験者の腓腹神経、腓骨神経、または大腿神経のうちの少なくとも1つまたはそれらの少なくとも1つの枝に関連付けられた位置に位置付けることを含み得る。次に、電気刺激は、その位置に伝達されて、RLSまたはPLMDに関連する1つまたは複数の症状を低減または軽減することを助けることができる。
本明細書では、特許文書において一般的であるように、用語「a」または「an」は、「少なくとも1つ」または「1つ以上」の他のインスタンスまたは使用法とは無関係に、1つまたは複数を含むように使用される。本明細書では、「または」という用語は、排他的な「または」を示すように使用され、「AまたはB」は、特に明記しない限り、「AではなくB」、「BではなくA」および「AおよびB」を含む。本明細書では、「含む(including)」および「その中で(in which)」という用語は、対応する用語「備える(comprising)」および「その中で(wherein)」の平易な英語の等価物として使用されている。また、添付の特許請求の範囲において、「含む(including)」および「備える(comprising)」という用語は、制限はなく、すなわち、請求項においてそのような用語の後に列挙されたものに加えて複数の要素を含むシステム、装置、物品、組成物、配合物、またはプロセスは、依然としてその請求項の範囲内にあると見なされる。さらに、添付の特許請求の範囲において、「第1」、「第2」、および「第3」などの用語は単にラベルとして使用されており、それらの対象に数値要件を課すことを意図しない。
Claims (12)
- 高周波電気刺激を用いて、レストレスレッグス症候群(RLS)または周期性四肢運動障害(PLMD)に関連する1つまたは複数の症状を治療する装置であって、
腓腹神経または腓骨神経のうちの少なくとも1つまたはそれらの少なくとも1つの枝に関連する位置で被験者に固定されて、その位置に電気刺激を伝達するように構成された複数の外部電気刺激電極と、
前記複数の外部電気刺激電極に適用されるかまたは結合されて、前記複数の外部電気刺激電極による伝達のために前記電気刺激を生成する電気刺激生成回路であって、前記位置で応答性神経活性化を誘発させてRLSまたはPLMDに関連する1つまたは複数の症状を低減または軽減することを助けるように、前記位置に500Hz~5kHzの間の周波数及び5ミリアンペア~30ミリアンペアの間の電流レベルで制御された電流の電気刺激を伝達するように前記複数の外部電気刺激電極に結合されるように構成されたAC電気刺激生成回路を含む前記電気刺激生成回路と、
前記電気刺激生成回路に結合されて、前記電気刺激の少なくとも1つのパラメータを制御するコントローラ回路と、を備える装置。 - 前記電気刺激生成回路は、
RLSまたはPLMD有効性パラメータに基づく電気刺激パラメータを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記電気刺激生成回路は、4kHz~5kHzの間の周波数を有する前記制御された電流の電気刺激の波形を供給するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記コントローラ回路は、波形を用いて前記位置に伝達する前記電気刺激の少なくとも1つのパラメータを制御して、筋肉活性化の閾値未満の電気刺激を供給するように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記コントローラ回路は、波形を用いて前記位置に伝達する前記電気刺激の少なくとも1つのパラメータを制御して、知覚閾値未満の電気刺激を供給するように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記コントローラ回路は、活性化のためにA-Beta繊維を対象とする波形を用いて前記位置に伝達する前記電気刺激の少なくとも1つのパラメータを制御して、A-DeltaおよびC繊維のうちの少なくとも1つの過活動を抑制するのを助けるように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- RLSまたはPLMDの症状、時刻、姿勢の指示、睡眠状態の指示、自律平衡の指示、または脚または足の動きの指示のうちの少なくとも1つに応答して前記電気刺激をトリガーするかまたは調整するために前記コントローラ回路に結合されたユーザインタフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 被験者に関連するインピーダンスに関する情報に応答して前記電気刺激のパラメータを調整するために、該被験者に関連するインピーダンスに関する情報を前記コントローラ回路に供給するように構成されたインピーダンスセンサを含むセンサをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記コントローラ回路は、被験者の薬剤治療の薬剤投与量に関する情報を用いて前記電気刺激のパラメータを開始するかまたは調整するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 伝達された前記電気刺激、その有効性、または前記1つまたは複数の症状に関する情報をローカルまたは遠隔の外部装置に通信するように構成された送受信機をさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記装置は、被験者に装着可能なスリーブを備え、
前記装着可能なスリーブは、
前記神経の位置で前記被験者に固定されるように構成された前記複数の外部電気刺激電極と、
電気刺激電子機器ユニットから信号を受信する第1の構成内の複数の電気的接触部と、を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記第1の構成と一致する第2の構成で複数の電気的接触部を含む前記電気刺激電子機器ユニットをさらに備える請求項11に記載の装置。
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EP3565631B1 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2024-04-24 | Noctrix Health, Inc. | Restless leg syndrome or overactive nerve treatment |
US11103691B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2021-08-31 | Noctrix Health, Inc. | Peripheral nerve stimulation for restless legs syndrome |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11872399B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2024-01-16 | Noctrix Health, Inc. | High frequency electrostimulation treatment for restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder |
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US20190083784A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
CN110603073B (zh) | 2023-07-04 |
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US11872399B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
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CN117100245A (zh) | 2023-11-24 |
EP3565631B1 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
US20240123230A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 |
EP3565631A4 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
EP3565631A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
JP2020505099A (ja) | 2020-02-20 |
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