JP2022062045A - 眼科用組成物 - Google Patents
眼科用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022062045A JP2022062045A JP2022003408A JP2022003408A JP2022062045A JP 2022062045 A JP2022062045 A JP 2022062045A JP 2022003408 A JP2022003408 A JP 2022003408A JP 2022003408 A JP2022003408 A JP 2022003408A JP 2022062045 A JP2022062045 A JP 2022062045A
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- ophthalmic
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- ophthalmic composition
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年6月24日に出願された米国仮出願第62/016,502号、2014年12月23日に出願された第62/096,433号、および、2015年4月23日に出願された第62/151,926号の利益を主張するものであり、2015年5月29日に出願された米国出願第14/726,139号の一部継続出願であり、こうした文献は参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される組成物は、組成物の約0.001重量%と約0.050重量%の間、約0.005重量%と約0.050重量%の間、約0.010重量%と約0.050重量%の間、約0.015重量%と約0.050重量%の間、約0.020重量%と0.050重量%の間、約0.025重量%と0.050重量%の間、約0.030重量%と約0.050重量%の間、約0.035重量%と約0.050重量%の間、約0.040重量%と約0.050重量%の間、又は約0.045重量%と約0.050重量%の間の、眼科用剤、又はその薬学的に許容可能なプロドラッグ或いは塩の濃度を有する。幾つかの例において、眼科用剤(例えばムスカリンアンタゴニスト)のプロドラッグは、眼科用組成物の投与後に眼科用剤(例えばムスカリンアンタゴニスト)へと化学的に変換される。限定しない例において、ムスカリンアンタゴニストのプロドラッグは、涙の中の1以上の酵素により開裂可能な化学結合を有する。幾つかの実施形態において、眼科用剤はムスカリンアンタゴニストである。幾つかの実施形態において、ムスカリンアンタゴニストは、アトロピン、硫酸アトロピン、ノルアトロピン、アトロピン-N-オキシド、トロピン、トロパ酸、ヒヨスチン、スコポラミン、トロピカミド、シクロペントレート、ピレンゼピン、ホマトロピン、又はそれらの組み合わせを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、ムスカリンアンタゴニストは、アトロピン又はその薬学的に許容可能な塩である。幾つかの実施形態において、ムスカリンアンタゴニストは硫酸アトロピンである。本明細書に記載されるように、眼科用剤は、光学的に純粋な立体異性体、光学的に豊富な立体異性体、及び立体異性体のラセミ混合物を含む。例えば、本明細書に開示される眼科用粗製物の中には、アトロピン、又は、アトロピンがD異性体とL異性体のラセミ混合物である硫酸アトロピンを含むものがあり;及び、本明細書に開示される眼科用粗製物の中には、アトロピン、又は、アトロピンがより光学的に活性なL異性体を好んで光学的に豊富である硫酸アトロピンを含むものがある。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される組成物は緩衝液を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、緩衝液は、ホウ酸塩、ホウ酸塩-ポリオール複合体、リン酸塩緩衝剤、クエン酸塩緩衝剤、酢酸塩緩衝剤、炭酸塩緩衝剤、有機緩衝剤、アミノ酸緩衝剤、又はそれらの組み合わせから選択される。幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される組成物は、重水素化水を含む緩衝液を含む。幾つかの実施形態において、重水素化水素化緩衝液は、ホウ酸塩、ホウ酸塩-ポリオール複合体、リン酸塩緩衝剤、クエン酸塩緩衝剤、酢酸塩緩衝剤、炭酸塩緩衝剤、有機緩衝剤、アミノ酸緩衝剤、又はそれらの組み合わせから選択され、重水素化水の中で処方される。
いくつかの実施形態では、ガラス容器は、例えば、I型、II型、またはIII型のガラスバイアルなどの、ガラスバイアルである。いくつかの実施形態では、ガラス容器は、I型ガラスバイアルである。いくつかの実施形態では、I型ガラスバイアルは、ホウケイ酸ガラスバイアルである。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載される組成物のpDは、(例えば、緩衝液及び/又はpD調整剤の使用によって)約4~約8、約4.5~約7.5、または約5~約7の範囲の、眼に適合可能なpD範囲に調整される。いくつかの実施形態では、眼科用組成物は、約5.0~約7.0のpDを有する。いくつかの実施形態では、眼科用組成物は、約5.5~約7.0のpDを有する。いくつかの実施形態では、眼科用組成物は、約6.0~約7.0のpDを有する。
適切なpD調整剤または緩衝剤は、限定されないが、酢酸塩、重炭酸塩、塩化アンモニウム、クエン酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、重炭酸塩、塩化アンモニウム、クエン酸塩、リン酸塩の重水素化した形態、あるいはそれらの薬学的に許容する塩およびそれらの組み合わせ及び混合物を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、pD調整剤または緩衝剤は、重水素化した塩酸(DCl)、重水素化水酸化ナトリウム(NaOD)、重水素化した酢酸(CD3COOD)、または重水素化したクエン酸(C6D8O7)を含む。
典型的な眼科用水溶液は、点眼瓶にパッケージ化され、滴剤として投与される。例えば、眼科用水溶液の単回投与(つまり単回投与量)は、患者の眼への1滴、2滴、3滴、またはそれ以上の投与を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に記載される眼科用水溶液の1回の投与量は、点眼瓶からの水溶液組成物の1滴である。
いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、約20℃且つ1s-1のせん断速度で、約10から約50,000cpsのBrookfield RVDV粘度を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、約20℃且つ1s-1のせん断速度で、約100から約40,000cpsのBrookfield RVDV粘度を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、約20℃且つ1s-1のせん断速度で、約500から約30,000cpsのBrookfield RVDV粘度を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、約20℃且つ1s-1のせん断速度で、約1000から約20,000cpsのBrookfield RVDV粘度を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、約20℃且つ1s-1のせん断速度で、約2000から約10,000cpsのBrookfield RVDV粘度を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は、約20℃且つ1s-1のせん断速度で、約4000から約8000cpsのBrookfield RVDV粘度を有する。
いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示される組成物は、眼のイオンバランスを崩さないように製剤される。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示される組成物は、眼と同じ又は略同じであるイオンバランスを有する。いくつかの実施形態では、本明細書に開示される組成物は、眼のイオンバランスを崩さない。
いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は滅菌される。本明細書に開示される実施形態内には、ヒトでの使用のための本明細書に開示される医薬組成物の減菌のための手段およびプロセスが含まれる。その目的は、感染を引き起こす微生物が比較的含まない、安全な薬剤製品を提供することである。米国食品医薬品局は、http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/5882fnl.htmで入手可能な、刊行物「Guidance for Industry: Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing」において規制ガイダンスを提供しており、これは、その全体が引用によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
濾過滅菌は、溶液から微生物を除去するが破壊しないために使用される方法である。
感温性溶液を濾過するために、メンブレンフィルターが使用される。このようなメンブレンフィルターは、混合したセルロースエステル(MCE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVF;PVDFとしても知られる)、またはポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)の、薄く、強い、均質ポリマーであり、0.1乃至0.22μmの範囲の孔径を有する。様々な特性の溶液が、随意に、異なるメンブレンフィルターを使用して濾過される。例えば、PVFおよびPTFEの膜は、濾過する有機溶媒に十分に合わせられ、一方で、水溶液は、PVFまたはMCEの膜に通して濾過される。濾過装置は、シリンジに付けられた単一のユースポイントの(point-of-use)使い捨てフィルターから、製造工場での使用のための工業規模のフィルターまで及ぶ、多くの規模での使用に利用可能である。メンブレンフィルターは、オートクレーブまたは化学滅菌によって滅菌される。膜濾過システムの確証が、標準化したプロトコル(Microbiological Evaluation of Filters for Sterilizing Liquids, Vol 4, No. 3. Washington, D.C: Health Industry Manufacturers Association, 1981)に従って実行され、Brevundimonas diminuta(ATCC 19146)などの、既知量(約107/cm2)の異常に小さな微生物を用いてメンブレンフィルターを検証する(challenging)ことを含む。
ナノ粒子(米国特許第6,139,870号)または多層ベシクル(Richard et al., International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2006), 312(1-2):144-50)を含む製剤は、それらの組織化した構造を破壊することなく、0.22μmのフィルターに通す濾過滅菌に適している。
放射線減菌の1つの利点は、熱分解または他の損傷を伴わずに多くのタイプの生成物を滅菌する能力である。一般に使用される放射はベータ線、または代替的に、60Co源からのガンマ線である。ガンマ線の透過する能力は、溶液、組成物、および不均一な混合物を含む多くの生成物のタイプの滅菌での使用を可能にする。照射の殺菌の効果は、ガンマ線と生体ポリマーとの相互作用から発生する。この相互作用は荷電種および遊離ラジカルを生成する。再配列および架橋結合工程などの、後に続く化学反応は、これらの生体ポリマーの正常な機能の損失を結果としてもたらす。本明細書において記載された製剤はまた、随意にベータ照射を使用して滅菌される。
高熱の適用による滅菌のための多くの方法が利用可能である。1つの方法は飽和した蒸気オートクレーブの使用を介したものである。この滅菌方法では、少なくとも121℃の温度の飽和している蒸気が、滅菌される物体と接触させられる。熱の転移は、滅菌される物体の場合には微生物に対し直接的に、または滅菌される大量の水溶液を加熱することにより微生物に対し間接的に、行なわれる。この方法は、それが滅菌工程において柔軟性、安全性、および経済性を可能にするため広く実施されている。
いくつかの実施形態では、組成物は実質的に微生物が無い。許容可能な生物汚染度または滅菌レベルは、限定されないが、United States Pharmacopeia Chapters <1111>以下を含む、治療上許容可能な組成物を定義する適用可能な基準に基づく。例えば、許容可能な滅菌(例えば生物汚染度)レベルは、製剤1グラム当たり約10のコロニー形成単位(cfu)、製剤1グラム当たり約50cfu、製剤1グラム当たり約100cfu、製剤1グラム当たり約500cfu、または製剤1グラムあたり約1000cfuを含む。いくつかの実施形態では、製剤のための許容可能な生物汚染度レベルまたは滅菌は10cfu/mL未満、50cfu/mL未満、500cfu/mL未満、または1000cfu/mL未満の微生物剤を含む。さらに、許容可能な生物汚染度レベルまたは滅菌は、特定された好ましくない微生物学的な薬剤の排除を含む。一例として、特定された好ましくない微生物学的な薬剤は、限定されないが、Escherichia coli(E.coli)、 Salmonella sp.、Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)、および/または他の特定の微生物剤を含む。
無菌保証品質管理、品質保証、および確認プロセスの重要な構成要素は、無菌試験の方法である。無菌試験は、例として、2つの方法で実行される。第1は、試験される組成物のサンプルを増殖培地に加えて、21日までの期間インキュベートする、直接の接種である。増殖培地の混濁度は汚染を示す。この方法の短所は、感受性を弱めてしまうバルク物質の小さな標本サイズ、および眼視観測に基づく微生物増殖の検知を含む。代替の方法は、膜濾過による無菌試験である。この方法では、多量の生成物が小さなメンブレンフィルター紙を通される。その後、濾紙は、微生物の増殖を促進するために、培地に配置される。この方法は、バルク物質全体がサンプリングされるため、より高い感受性という長所を有する。膜濾過による無菌試験において判定のために、市販されているMillipore Steritest無菌試験システムが、随意に使用される。クリーム剤または軟膏剤による濾過試験のために、SteritestフィルターシステムNo.TLHVSL210が使用される。エマルジョンまたは粘性の生成物の濾過試験のために、SteritestフィルターシステムNo.TLAREM210またはTDAREM210が使用される。あらかじめ充填されたシリンジの濾過試験のために、SteritestフィルターシステムNo.TTHASY210が使用される。エアロゾルまたは泡として調剤された物質の濾過試験のために、SteritestフィルターシステムNo.TTHVA210が使用される。アンプルまたはバイアル中の溶解性粉末の濾過試験のために、SteritestフィルターシステムNo.TTHADA210またはTTHADV210が使用される。
滅菌プロセスの追加の態様は、微生物(以下において「生成物」(Product))の殺菌からの副産物の除去である。パイロジェン除去のプロセスはサンプルから発熱物質を取り除く。発熱物質は免疫反応を引き起こす内毒素または外毒素である。内毒素の一例は、グラム陰性菌の細胞壁で発見されたリポ多糖類(LPS)分子である。オートクレーブまたはエチレンオキシドを用いる処置などの滅菌処理は、バクテリアを殺菌するが、LPS残留物が敗血症性ショックなどの炎症誘発性の免疫反応を引き起こす。内毒素の分子の大きさは広く変動するため、内毒素の存在は「内毒素単位」(EU)で示される。1EUは E. coliLPSの100ピコグラムと同等である。ある場合には、ヒトは、体重のわずか5EU/kg程度に対する反応を起こす。生物汚染度(例えば微生物の限界)および/または無菌性(例えば内毒素レベル)は、当該技術で認識される単位で表される。特定の実施形態では、本明細書において記載された眼科用組成物は、慣習的に許容可能な内毒素レベル(例えば対象の体重に対し5EU/kg)と比較した時、より低い内毒素レベル(例えば対象の体重に対し4EU/kg未満)を含有する。いくつかの実施形態では、眼科用製剤は、対象の体重の約5EU/kg未満を有する。他の実施形態では、眼科用製剤は、対象の体重の約4EU/kg未満を有する。追加の実施形態では、眼科用製剤は、対象の体重の約3EU/kg未満を有する。追加の実施形態では、眼科用製剤は、対象の体重の約2EU/kg未満を有する。
凍結粉砕工程では、ナノ粒子として使用される物質の懸濁液は、冷却された温℃下で、賦形剤を共に、または賦形剤なしで粉砕媒体と混合される。
組成物の約30重量%から約40重量%で存在し;および、約23,000から約45,000の平均分子量を有する。代替的に、別の実施形態では、生物分解性の熱可塑性のポリエステルはカルボキシ末端基の無い75/25のポリ(DL-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)であり;組成物の約40重量%から約50重量%で存在し;および、約15,000から約24,000の平均分子量を有する。さらなる、あるいは代替的な実施形態では、ポリ(DL-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)の末端基は、重合の方法によって、ヒドロキシル、カルボキシル、またはエステルのいずれかである。乳酸またはグリコール酸の重縮合は、末端のヒドロキシルおよびカルボキシル基を有するポリマーを提供する。水、乳酸、またはグリコール酸を有する環式のラクチドまたはグリコリドモノマーの開環重合は、同じ末端基を有するポリマーを提供する。しかしながら、メタノール、エタノール、または1-ドデカノールなど単機能的なアルコールを有する環式のモノマーの開環は、1つのヒドロキシル基および1つのエステル末端基を有するポリマーを提供する。1,6-ヘキサンジオールまたはポリエチレングリコールなどのジオールを有する環式のモノマーの開環重合は、ヒドロキシル末端基のみを有するポリマーを提供する。
水溶性基剤、例えばマクロゴール200、300、400;乳化基剤、例えば乳化ろう、セトリミド;植物油、例えばオリーブオイル、やし油、胡麻油、扁桃油、および落花生油である。
眼科用製剤の調製のための典型的な組成物は、表1-8に記載される。
ストック1%の溶液
100mLの溶液中に、1グラムのアトロピンおよび0.77gのNaCl(および好ましくは乾燥状態の他の成分/構成要素)を、注射用の100mLの無菌の重水素化水に等しい十分な量とともに加える。固体粉末がすべて溶けて、溶液が、目視できる粒子がなく透明になるまで、溶液を、ホットプレート上で撹拌棒を用いて適切に大きさを合わせられたビーカー中で混合する。次に、撹拌棒を取り外し、溶液を、濾過瓶に注ぎ、0.22ミクロンのポリエーテルスルホンのメンブレンフィルターに通して滅菌した瓶へと真空濾過する。フィルター上部を滅菌したストック瓶から取り外し、ストック瓶を、滅菌したボトルキャップを用いて保存のためにキャップする。
1%の溶液、0.3mLを、滅菌した0.9%の注射USP用の塩化ナトリウム(Sodium Chloride For Injection USP)を合計で30mL達成するのに十分な量と組み合わせた。溶液を徹底的に混合した。溶液のpHを記録した。0.22ミクロンのフィルターを、シリンジの先端上に置き、溶液を別々の滅菌容器に等分した。
ストック1%の溶液
100mLの溶液中に、1グラムの硫酸アトロピンおよび0.77gのNaCl(および好ましくは乾燥状態の他の成分/構成要素)を、注射用の100mLの滅菌水に等しい十分な量とともに加えた。固体粉末がすべて溶けて、溶液が、目視できる粒子がなく透明になるまで、溶液を、ホットプレート上で撹拌棒を用いて適切に大きさを合わせられたビーカー中で混合した。次に、撹拌棒を取り外し、溶液を、濾過瓶に注ぎ、0.22ミクロンのポリエーテルスルホンのメンブレンフィルターに通して滅菌した瓶へと真空濾過した。フィルター上部を滅菌したストック瓶から取り外し、ストック瓶を、滅菌したボトルキャップを用いて保存のためにキャップした。
1%の溶液、0.3mLを、滅菌した0.9%の注射USP用の塩化ナトリウムを合計で30mL達成するのに十分な量と組み合わせた。溶液を徹底的に混合した。溶液のpHを記録した。0.22ミクロンのフィルターを、シリンジの先端上に置き、溶液を別々の滅菌容器に等分した。
5つの0.01%の硫酸アトロピン溶液を、1%の硫酸アトロピン保存溶液から調製した(実施例2に記載されるような調製)。5つの溶液のpHは、溶液1-5に対して、それぞれ、5.87、5.97、5.90、6.24、および6.16であった。各溶液を徹底的に混合した。0.22ミクロンのフィルターを、シリンジの先端上に置き、表9に従って溶液を別々の滅菌容器に等分した。
1%の硫酸アトロピンのサンプルを、Bausch + Lomb(Lot 198421)から得た。比較のために、1%の硫酸アトロピン製剤のpHを、未希釈の(neat)溶液中の他に、ビヒクルを使用して現状の名目濃度(0.01%の硫酸アトロピン)に希釈されたサンプル中でも判定した。さらに、サンプルを、希釈法(method diluent)により名目濃度に希釈した。名目濃度に希釈した両方のサンプルを、RP-UPLC法(表10)を使用して分析した。結果を表13にリストする。
投与量間の均一性を評価するために、眼科用水性組成物を含有している滴瓶を、試験の開始前の予め決められた期間の間(例えば12時間)、直立させて保存する。生成物の推奨される投薬をシミュレートするために、10滴の水性組成物を、予め決められた時間間隔で(例えば、連続して、1分ごと、10分ごと、1時間ごとまたは24時間ごとに)各瓶から調剤する。すべての滴剤または小片を、風袋ガラスバイアルへと調剤し、キャップし、分析するまで室温で保存する。表わされた滴剤中のアトロピンの濃度を、逆相HPLC法を使用して判定する。
投与量間の均一性を評価するために、眼科用水性組成物を含有している滴瓶を、試験の開始前の予め決められた期間の間(例えば12時間)、直立させて保存する。生成物の推奨される投薬をシミュレートするために、5滴の水性組成物を、予め決められた時間間隔で(例えば、連続して、1分ごと、10分ごと、1時間ごとまたは24時間ごとに)各瓶から調剤する。すべての滴剤または小片を、風袋ガラスバイアルへと調剤し、キャップし、分析するまで室温で保存する。表わされた滴剤中のアトロピンの濃度を、逆相HPLC法を使用して判定する。
投与量間の均一性を評価するために、眼科用水性組成物を含有している滴瓶を、試験の開始前の予め決められた期間の間(例えば12時間)、直立させて保存する。生成物の推奨される投薬をシミュレートするために、2滴の水性組成物を、予め決められた時間間隔で(例えば、連続して、1分ごと、10分ごと、1時間ごとまたは24時間ごとに)各瓶から調剤する。すべての滴剤または小片を、風袋ガラスバイアルへと調剤し、キャップし、分析するまで室温で保存する。表わされた滴剤中のアトロピンの濃度を、逆相HPLC法を使用して判定する。
硫酸アトロピン一水和物(MP Bio; Lot Number 7825K)およびトロパ酸(Sigma Aldrich; Lot Number STBD6457V)を、この実験に使用した。表14Aで例証される8つの製剤を、t=0、2週、および4週で分析した。分析を行うために使、RP-HPLC法を使用した。
純度を、曲線下面積のパーセントとして示す。
製剤1 - 観察されたトロパ酸は0.54%である。
製剤2 - 観察されたトロパ酸は0.93%である。
製剤3 - 観察されたトロパ酸は1.58%である。
製剤4 - 観察されたトロパ酸は3.03%である。
製剤5 - 観察されたトロパ酸は29.13%である。
製剤6 - 観察されたトロパ酸は16.84%である。
製剤7 - 観察されたトロパ酸は1.07%である。
製剤8- 観察されたトロパ酸は4.03%である。
活性化エネルギーを、実施例9に開示された8つの製剤に対して計算し、参照標準との比較を、製剤4-7を用いて行った。
硫酸アトロピン一水和物(MP Bio; Lot Number 7825K)およびトロパ酸(Sigma Aldrich; Lot Number STBD6457V)を、この実験に使用した。表23Aで例証される13の製剤を分析した。製剤1-8は、t=0、2週、4週、および8週で分析されている。製剤9-13は、t=0、2週、および4週で分析されている。本明細書で報告されたpH値は、Thermo Scientific, Orion Dual Star pH/ISのベンチトップpH計およびH2Oベースの規格で較正されたOrion Double Junction MicroのpHプローブS/N S01-18520を用いて得た、測定されたpH値である。
実施例11に開示された硫酸アトロピン製剤について、活性化エネルギーを計算した。具体的に、活性化エネルギーを、40℃と60℃(2点の計算)での関連物質(RS)の合計%から、及び40℃と60℃(2点の計算)でのトロパ酸形成から計算した。次にこれらの値を平均化した。表28は活性化エネルギー計算を示す。表29は、%RSとトロパ酸それぞれの形成の40℃での速度から推測された貯蔵期間を示す。図10は、D2OとH2O製剤について推測された貯蔵期間を示す。
モルモットのコホートに、本明細書に記載される、異なるpH値を有する50μLの眼科用製剤を投与する。例えば、H2O又は重水素化水(例えばD2O)を含む眼科用製剤を、動物に投与する。動物の行動を、予め定められた時間間隔で記録することで、眼科用製剤の受け入れを評価する。
本明細書に開示される典型的な組成物を、ウサギの眼の刺激試験にさらして、それらの安全性プロフィールを評価する。試験組成物を、ニュージーランドウサギにおける眼の刺激試験について試験する(例えば、Abraham M H, et al., Draize rabbit eye test compatibility with eye irritation thresholds in humans:a quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. Toxicol Sci. 2003 December; 76(2):384-91. Epub 2003 Sep. 26を参照;同じく、Gettings S D et al., A comparison of low volume, Draize and in vitro eye irritation test data. III. Surfactant-based formulations. Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 March; 36(3):209-31を参照)。研究は、3羽のウサギの各々の右眼への単一の眼投与、及び、その左眼への同じ容量のそのプラセボの投与を含む。もしあれば、目の刺激の兆候/症状に注意するために、ウサギを直ちに、及び、注入後4、24、48、及び72時間後の組成物の注入後に、検査する。試験組成物は、ウサギの目の角膜、虹彩、及び結膜における刺激性の兆候を示さない。
ラテックスシールドを使用して片目を覆うことで、焦点遮断近視(FDM)を達成する。焦点ぼけにより誘発された近視のために、動物の頭部の周囲でゴムバンドによりラテックス製のフェイスマスクを適所に保持して、両眼、鼻、口、及び耳を自由に露出したままにした。A-4.00Dレンズをプラスチックレンズフレーム上に接着する。その後、レンズの光学的中心を瞳の中心と位置合わせした後、レンズフレームを、布製面ファスナにより片目の周囲でフェイスマスクに付ける。少なくとも1日1回、レンズを取り外し、水に湿らせられたガーゼで両側を掃除し、その後、フェイスマスクに再度付ける。動物を全て、実験期間中、12時間の明(500Lux)と12時間の暗のサイクルで維持する。
臨床試験を行い、近視である患者(patents)における,本明細書に記載される眼科用水性製剤の効果と安全性を調査する。幾つかの例において、研究は、非盲検の、単一盲検の、又は二重盲検の研究である。患者の選択基準は、両眼において少なくとも1.0Dの近視の屈折、並びに、非点収差、文書化された近視の進行、年齢、性別、及び/又は健康状態などの付加的な要素を含む。
硫酸アトロピンを、加熱及び超音波処理の下で分散剤(例えば、ポリエチレングリコール)と混合させ、この混合物を更に、溶融軟膏基剤(例えば、羊毛ワックス、白色ワセリン、及び流動パラフィンの混合物)と完全に混合させる。混合物を圧力容器に配し、125℃で30-45分間殺菌し、室温に冷却する。別の実施形態において、オートクレーブ滅菌を窒素下で行う。結果として生じる眼軟膏剤を、予め殺菌された容器(例えばチューブ)へ無菌で充填する。
0.01%のアトロピン粘液浸透粒子の組成物を、製粉手順を用いて調製した。動的光散乱により測定されるように、粒径が約200nmに減らされ且つ多分散性指数が0.15未満になるまで、アトロピン粒子を包含する水分散液及びMPP可能な(MPP-enabling)粘液浸透剤を、粉砕媒体で粉砕した。防腐剤などの追加の薬剤もミリング手順の間に加える。後に、アトロピン-MPP組成物を、約15℃と約25℃の間の温度で保存する。
0.01%の硫酸アトロピン粘液浸透粒子の組成物を、製粉手順を用いて調製した。動的光散乱により測定されるように、粒径が0.15未満の多分散性指数と共に約200nmに減らされるまで、アトロピン粒子を包含する水分散液及びMPP可能な(MPP-enabling)粘液浸透剤を、粉砕媒体で粉砕した。防腐剤などの追加の薬剤もミリング手順の間に加える。後に、アトロピン-MPP組成物を、約15℃と約25℃の間の温度で保存する。
Claims (30)
- 約0.001wt%から約0.05wt%のムスカリンアンタゴニストと重水素化水を含む、約4.2~約7.9のpDの眼科用組成物。
- ムスカリンアンタゴニストは、アトロピン、硫酸アトロピン、ノルアトロピン、アトロピン-N-オキシド、トロピン、トロパ酸、ヒヨスチン、スコポラミン、トロピカミド、シクロペントレート、ピレンゼピン、ホマトロピン、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の眼科用組成物。
- ムスカリンアンタゴニストはアトロピンまたは硫酸アトロピンである、請求項2に記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、保存条件下で長期間の経過後に、約7.3未満、約7.2未満、約7.1未満、約7未満、約6.8未満、約6.5未満、約6.4未満、約6.3未満、約6.2未満、約6.1未満、約6未満、約5.9未満、約5.8未満、約5.2未満、または約4.8未満の1つのpDを有する、請求項1-3のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、保存条件下で長期間の経過後に、初期の濃度に基づいて、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約85%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約93%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、または、少なくとも約99%のムスカリンアンタゴニストの1つを含む、請求項1-4のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、保存条件下で長期間の経過後に、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも93%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも97%、少なくとも98%、または少なくとも99%の1つの効能をさらに有する、請求項1-5のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 保存条件は約2°Cから約10°C、または約16°Cから約26°Cの保存温度を有する、請求項1-6のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- ムスカリンアンタゴニストは、約0.001wt%から約0.04wt%、約0.001wt%から約0.03wt%、約0.001wt%から約0.025wt%、約0.001wt%から約0.02wt%、約0.001wt%から約0.01wt%、約0.001wt%から約0.008wt%、または約0.001wt%から約0.005wt%の1つの濃度で組成物中に存在する、請求項1-7のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、モル浸透圧濃度調整剤、保存剤、緩衝剤、等張化剤、またはこれらの組み合わせをさらに含む、請求項1-8のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、50%未満、40%未満、30%未満、20%未満、10%未満、または5%未満の1つの投与量間のムスカリンアンタゴニストの濃度変化を有する、請求項1-9のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、プロカインとベナクチジン、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩を本質的に含まない、請求項1-10のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物はさらにpD調整剤を含む、請求項1-11のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- pD調整剤はDCl、NaOD、CD3COOD、またはC6D8O7を含む、請求項12に記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、5%未満のH2O、4%未満のH2O、3%未満のH2O、2%未満のH2O、1%未満のH2O、0.5%未満のH2O、0.1%未満のH2O、または、0%のH2Oの1つを含む、請求項1-13のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は溶液である、請求項1-14のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は注射可能な製剤として処方されない、請求項1-15のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は眼の疾病の処置のための眼科用溶液として処方される、請求項1-16のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼の疾病または疾患は、近視前症、近視、または近視の進行である、請求項1-17のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 近視の発症を抑えるまたは予防する方法であって、
必要としている個体の目に請求項1-18の有効な量の眼科用組成物を投与する工程を含む、方法。 - 眼科用組成物は最初の使用の前に約2°Cから約10°Cで保存される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 眼科用組成物は最初の使用の後に約16°Cから約26°Cで保存される、請求項19または20に記載の方法。
- 約0.001wt%から約0.05wt%のムスカリンアンタゴニストと水を含む、約3.8~約7.5のpHの眼科用組成物。
- ムスカリンアンタゴニストはアトロピン、硫酸アトロピン、ノルアトロピン、アトロピン-N-オキシド、トロピン、トロパ酸、ヒヨスチン、スコポラミン、トロピカミド、シクロペントレート、ピレンゼピン、ホマトロピン、またはこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項22に記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、保存条件下で長期間の経過後に、初期の濃度に基づいて、少なくとも約80%、少なくとも約85%、少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約93%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約97%、少なくとも約98%、または、少なくとも約99%のムスカリンアンタゴニストの1つを含む、請求項22または23に記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、保存条件下で長期間の経過後に、約7.3未満、約7.2未満、約7.1未満、約7未満、約6.8未満、約6.5未満、約6.4未満、約6.3未満、約6.2未満、約6.1未満、約6未満、約5.9未満、約5.8未満、約5.2未満、約4.8未満、または約4.2未満の1つのpHを有する、請求項22-24のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物はさらに、保存条件下で長期間の経過後に、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも93%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも97%、少なくとも98%、または少なくとも99%の1つの効能を有する、請求項22-25のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 保存条件は約2°Cから約10°C、または約16°Cから約26°Cの保存温度を有する、請求項22-26のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、モル浸透圧濃度調整剤、保存剤、緩衝剤、等張化剤、随意にpH調整剤、またはこれらの組み合わせをさらに含む、請求項22-27のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、5%未満のD2O、4%未満のD2O、3%未満のD2O、2%未満のD2O、1%未満のD2O、0.5%未満のD2O、0.1%未満のD2O、または0%のD2Oの1つを含む、請求項22-28のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
- 眼科用組成物は、眼の疾病の処置のための眼科用溶液として処方される、請求項22-29のいずれか1つに記載の眼科用組成物。
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