JP2021524814A - 多層石膏ボードおよび関連方法およびスラリー - Google Patents
多層石膏ボードおよび関連方法およびスラリー Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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Abstract
Description
本開示の好ましい実施形態によれば、濃縮層は、カルシウムイオンと複合体を形成する多糖類、例えば、アルギン酸ナトリウムなどのアルギネート化合物を含むスタッコスラリー(石膏スラリーと呼ばれることもある)から形成される。好ましい多糖類は、スタッコスラリー中でゲルを形成する。スラリー中に存在するカルシウムイオンがアルギネート部分に関連するナトリウムイオンに置き換わるときに弾性ゲルを形成するため、好ましい多糖類は、アルギン酸ナトリウムなどのアルギネート化合物である。
本開示のいくつかの実施形態によれば、複合石膏ボードは、増強添加剤がボード芯に含まれる(仮に含まれるとしても)よりも高い濃度で増強添加剤を含むように調整される。得られるボードは、所望の強度特性を備えた複合石膏ボードを達成するために形成することができる。
本開示の実施形態による複合石膏ボードは、石膏ボード、即ち乾式壁または壁板(壁だけでなく、当技術分野で理解される天井および他の場所にも使用されるようなボードを包含することができる)の様々な所望の密度において有用性を有する。本明細書に記述されるように、ボード重量は厚さの関数である。ボードは一般に異なる厚さで作製されるため(例えば、3/8インチ、1/2インチ、3/4インチ、1インチなど)、ボード密度は、本明細書ではボード重量の尺度として使用される。本開示の実施形態に従った石膏ボードの利点は、最大で、より重いボード密度、例えば、約43pcf(約690kg/m3)以下、例えば、約18pcf(約290kg/m3)〜約43pcf、約20pcf(約320kg/m3)〜約43pcf、約20pcf〜約40pcf(約640kg/m3)、約24pcf(約380kg/m3)〜約43pcf、約27pcf(約430kg/m3)〜約43pcf、約20pcf〜約38pcf(約610kg/m3)、約24pcf〜約40pcf、約27pcf〜約40pcf、約20pcf〜約37pcf(約600kg/m3)、約24pcf〜約37pcf、約27pcf〜約37pcf、約20pcf〜約35pcf(約560kg/m3)、約24pcf〜約35pcf、約27pcf〜約35pcfなどを含む、密度の範囲で見られ得る。
本開示の一実施形態を説明するために、複合石膏ボード10の概略断面図を示す図1を参照する。表紙12は、頂部カバーシートとして機能する。表紙12は、第1の面14および第2の面16を有する。濃縮層18は、表紙12と結合関係にある。濃縮層18は、第1の面20および第2の面22を有する。ボード芯24は、第1の面26および第2の面28を有する。裏紙30は底部カバーシートとして機能する。裏紙30は、第1の面32および第2の面34を有する。
ボード芯は、複合石膏ボードの体積の大部分を形成する。いくつかの実施形態では、ボード芯は、ボード体積の少なくとも約60%、例えば、ボード体積の少なくとも約70%、ボード体積の少なくとも約80%、ボード体積の少なくとも約90%、少なくとも約92%、少なくとも約95%、少なくとも約97%などを形成する。濃縮層は実質的な厚さを有するが、ボード芯は相当により厚い場合がある。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、乾燥ボード芯は、乾燥濃縮層の約2.5倍〜約35倍の厚さ、例えば、約2.5倍〜約30倍、約2.5倍〜約25倍、約2.5倍〜約20倍、約2.5倍〜約15倍、約2.5倍〜約10倍、約2.5倍〜約5倍、約2.8倍〜約35倍、約2.8倍〜約30倍、約2.8倍〜約25倍、約2.8倍〜約20倍、約2.8倍〜約15倍、約2.8倍〜約10倍、約2.8倍〜約5倍、約5倍〜約35倍、約5倍〜約30倍、約5倍〜約25倍、約5倍〜約20倍、約5倍〜約15倍、または濃縮層の約5倍〜約10倍の厚さであり得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、より高い密度および/または濃縮層スラリー中の増強添加剤の存在のため、ボード芯スラリー中に同じ増強添加剤がある場合、濃縮層は、その重量量よりも濃縮された量で、「濃縮」される。いくつかの実施形態では、濃縮層は、ボード芯の密度よりも少なくとも約1.1倍高い密度を有し、および/または少なくとも約0.02インチ(約0.05cm)などの実質的な厚さを有する。
カバーシートは、任意の好適な形態であってもよい。カバーシートに関して、「表」および「頂部」シートという用語は、本明細書において同義で使用される一方、「裏」および「底部」という用語も同様に、本明細書において同義で使用されることが理解されるであろう。例えば、カバーシートは、セルロース繊維、ガラス繊維、セラミック繊維、鉱物綿、または上記の材料の組み合わせを含んでもよい。シートのうちの一方または両方が、個々のシートまたは複数のシートを含んでもよい。好ましい実施形態では、カバーシートは、セルロース繊維を含む。例えば、マニラ紙またはクラフト紙などの紙シートが、裏シートとして使用され得る。有用なカバーシート紙としては、United States Gypsum Corporation(イリノイ州シカゴ)から入手可能なManila 7層およびNews−Line 3層または7層、International Paper(インディアナ州ニューポート)から入手可能なGrey−Back 3層およびManila Ivory 3層、ならびにUnited States Gypsum Corporation(イリノイ州シカゴ)から入手可能なManila厚紙およびMH Manila HT(高張力)紙が挙げられる。例示的なカバーシート紙は5層のNewsLineである。いくつかの実施形態では、裏シートは、任意で、その中に穿孔、例えばピンホールを画定することができる。このような穿孔は、窯での乾燥を助け、加熱プロセス中に形成される蒸気の出口を提供する。
増強添加剤は、望ましい強度特性を提供する。好ましい実施形態では、増強添加剤は、本明細書で論じられるように、ボード芯スラリー(および/またはボード製品で得られる層)よりも濃縮層スラリーでより濃縮される。適切な増強添加剤の例は、デンプン、ポリビニルアルコール、ホウ酸、石膏セメント、ナノセルロース、マイクロセルロース、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせなど、強度を提供するのに役立つ。本明細書では増強添加剤という単数形の用語の使用が、便宜上用いられるが、当業者が容易に理解するように、複数形、即ち、組み合わせた2つ以上の増強添加剤を包含することが理解されるであろう。したがって、増強添加剤は、デンプン、ポリビニルアルコール、ホウ酸、石膏セメント、ナノセルロース、および/またはマイクロセルロースのうちの1つ以上を含み得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、本開示に従って作製された石膏ボードは、ASTM標準C473−10に従った試験プロトコルを満たす。例えば、いくつかの実施形態では、ボードが1/2インチの厚さで鋳造されたとき、ボードは、ASTM C473−10(方法B)に従って決定されるように、少なくとも約65lbf(重量ポンド)、例えば、少なくとも約68lbf、少なくとも約70lbf、少なくとも約72lbf、少なくとも約74lbf、少なくとも約75lbf、少なくとも約76lbf、少なくとも約77lbfなどの釘抜き抵抗を有する。様々な実施形態では、釘抜き抵抗は、約65lbf〜約100lbf、約65lbf〜約95lbf、約65lbf〜約90lbf、約65lbf〜約85lbf、約65lbf〜約80lbf、約65lbf〜約75lbf、約68lbf〜約100lbf、約68lbf〜約95lbf、約68lbf〜約90lbf、約68lbf〜約85lbf、約68lbf〜約80lbf、約70lbf〜約100lbf、約70lbf〜約95lbf、約70lbf〜約90lbf、約70lbf〜約85lbf、約70lbf〜約80lbf、約72lbf〜約100lbf、約72lbf〜約95lbf、約72lbf〜約90lbf、約72lbf〜約85lbf、約72lbf〜約80lbf、約72lbf〜約77lbf、約72lbf〜約75lbf、約75lbf〜約100lbf、約75lbf〜約95lbf、約75lbf〜約90lbf、約75lbf〜約85lbf、約75lbf〜約80lbf、約75lbf〜約77lbf、約77lbf〜約100lbf、約77lbf〜約95lbf、約77lbf〜約90lbf、約77lbf〜約85lbf、または約77lbf〜約80lbfであり得る。
本開示の実施形態に従う複合石膏ボードは、典型的な石膏壁板製造ラインで作製され得る。例えば、ボード製造技術は、例えば、米国特許第7,364,676号および米国特許出願公開第2010/0247937号に記載されている。簡潔には、プロセスは、典型的には、カバーシートを移動コンベヤ上に放出することを伴う。石膏ボードは通常「裏向き」に形成されるため、このカバーシートは、そのような実施形態において、「表」カバーシートである。
本発明は、以下の例示的な実施形態によりさらに説明される。しかしながら、本発明は以下の実施形態に限定されるものではない。
この実施例は、濃縮層を形成するのに有用なスタッコスラリーにアルギネート化合物を含めると、より粘性のある(または厚い)スラリーが得られることを示している。これは、このようなスタッコスラリーを濃縮層として堆積しても、ボード芯スラリーがその上に堆積されるときに洗い流されないことを示す。
この実施例は、ボードの濃縮層を形成するためのスラリーにアルギネート化合物(アルギン酸ナトリウム)を添加することの利点を実証する。この実施例に見られるように、アルギネート化合物の存在から得る利益には、濃縮層の平均厚さの増加、およびその厚さの変動減少が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
Claims (10)
- 複合石膏ボードであって、
(a)水およびスタッコを含む第1のスラリーから形成された硬化石膏を含むボード芯であって、第1の芯面および第2の芯面を有するボード芯と、
(b)前記第1の芯面に対して結合関係で配置された濃縮層であって、水、スタッコ、およびカルシウムイオンと錯体形成する多糖類を含む第2のスラリーから形成される濃縮層と、を含む、複合石膏ボード。 - 前記多糖類がアルギネート化合物であり、10秒以内に前記スラリーの粘度を少なくとも約100%増加させる、請求項1に記載の複合石膏ボード。
- 前記第1のスラリーが任意で増強剤を含み、前記第2のスラリーが前記増強剤を含み、前記芯が第1および第2の面ならびに乾燥密度を有し、
前記濃縮層が前記第1の芯面に対して結合関係で配置され、前記濃縮層が前記ボード芯の乾燥密度より少なくとも約1.1倍高い乾燥密度を有し、
増強添加剤が前記第1のスラリーに存在する場合、前記増強添加剤が前記第1のスラリーよりも前記第2のスラリーに高濃度で含まれる、請求項1または2に記載の複合石膏ボード。 - 前記ボード芯が第1の乾燥厚さを有し、前記濃縮層が第2の乾燥厚さを有し、前記第1の乾燥厚さが前記第2の乾燥厚さよりも大きく、前記濃縮層が第1の面および第2の面を有し、前記濃縮層の第1の面が前記ボード芯の前記第1の面に面し、前記ボードが、前記濃縮層の前記第2の面に面する頂部カバーシートと、前記ボード芯の前記第2の面に面する底部カバーシートとをさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の複合石膏ボード。
- 前記増強添加剤が、(i)少なくとも1つのアルファ化デンプン、ならびに/または(ii)少なくとも1つの未処理デンプンであって、15%固形分のデンプン濃度で前記デンプンを水と共にスラリー内に入れること、ならびに75rpmおよび700cmgに設定されたビスコグラフ−E機器を使用することによって、粘度が測定され、前記機器で前記デンプンが3℃/分の速度で25℃〜95℃に加熱され、前記スラリーが95℃で10分間保持され、前記デンプンが−3℃/分の速度で50℃まで冷却される場合、約100ブラベンダー単位〜約900ブラベンダー単位のピーク粘度を有する少なくとも1つの未処理デンプンを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の複合石膏ボード。
- 複合石膏ボードを製造する方法であって、
(a)少なくとも水、スタッコ、および任意で増強添加剤を混合し、第1のスラリーを形成することと、
(b)スタッコ、水、増強添加剤、およびカルシウムイオンと錯体形成する多糖類を含む第2のスラリーを調製することと、
(c)前記第2のスラリーを第1のカバーシートに結合関係で適用して濃縮層を形成することであって、前記濃縮層が第1の面および第2の面を有し、前記第1の濃縮層面が前記第1のカバーシートに面する、濃縮層を形成することと、
(d)前記第1のスラリーを前記濃縮層に結合関係で適用して第1の面および第2の面を有するボード芯を形成することであって、前記第1のボード芯面は前記第2の濃縮層面に面する、ボード芯を形成することと、
(e)第2のカバーシートを前記第2のボード芯面に結合関係で適用して、ボード前駆体を形成することと、
(f)前記ボード前駆体を乾燥させてボードを形成することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記多糖類が、前記スラリーの粘度を30秒以内に約100%〜約500%まで増加させるアルギネート化合物であり、前記スタッコの約0.0001重量%〜約1重量%の量で前記スラリー中に存在する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のスラリーが第1のミキサーで形成され、前記スタッコ、水、および任意の増強添加剤が第2のミキサーで混合され、前記多糖類が、前記第1のスラリーを形成するために、前記第2のミキサーへの出口で前記スタッコ、水、および任意の増強添加剤に添加される、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 水、スタッコ、増強添加剤、およびカルシウムイオンと錯体形成する多糖類を含むスラリー。
- 前記多糖類がアルギネート化合物である、請求項9に記載のスラリー。
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EP3797033A1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
CA3099162A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
US20190352233A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
WO2019226596A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
US11584690B2 (en) | 2023-02-21 |
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