JP2021519584A - 扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞の分化方法 - Google Patents
扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞の分化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞の分化方法及びこれを用いた細胞治療剤に関する。
[背景技術]
幹細胞(stem cell)は、生物組織を構成する様々な細胞に分化可能な細胞であり、胚、胎児及び成体の各組織から得られる分化する前段階の未分化細胞を総称する。幹細胞は分化刺激(環境)によって特定細胞への分化が進行され、細胞分裂によって自身と同じ細胞を生産(self−renewal)できる特性があり、また、分化刺激によって異なる細胞にも分化可能な柔軟性(plasticity)を持つのが特徴である。
そのため、分化能が低いものと知られているが、相対的に安全な間葉系幹細胞を用いた研究が多く行われている。間葉系幹細胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSCs)は、成体骨髄などにある多分化能非造血前駆細胞(multi−potential non−hematopoietic progenitor cell)であり、脂肪、軟骨、骨、筋肉、皮膚などの種々の細胞に分化可能な細胞を意味する。このような間葉系幹細胞を用いて様々な組織再生のための臨床研究が行われており、臓器移植分野にも適用可能性を示している。
[先行技術文献]
[特許文献]
[特許文献1]国際公開特許第WO2017/135753号
[発明の概要]
[発明が解決しようとする課題]
本発明は、DMEM、FBS、N2補充物、レチノイン酸、脳由来神経成長因子、神経成長因子及びソニックヘッジホッグを含む、扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞又はこれから分化した前駆細胞から運動神経細胞に分化させるための分化培養液培地組成物に関する。
[課題を解決するための手段]
本発明者らは、人体適用に適した運動神経細胞の大量生産方法を研究した結果、扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞を短期間に大量生産する方法を発明し、本発明を完成するに至った。
[発明の効果]
本発明の分化方法は、運動神経細胞への高い分化能を示すので多量の運動神経細胞の確保が可能であり、本発明によって分化した細胞は、捨てられる自己組織を使用するので、組織適合性が高く、細胞治療剤として優れた利用可能性を示す。
[図面の簡単な説明]
[図1]扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞(T−MSC,A)を神経前駆細胞(NP,B)に誘導し、運動神経細胞(MN,C)に分化する段階、及び分化段階別の培地の成分及びその時期の細胞の形態を示す模式図である。
p2−2世代継代培養;及び
p3−3世代継代培養、以下、図3も同様。
MN3w−3週分化した運動神経細胞;及び
MN4w−4週分化した運動神経細胞。
MNC2w−2週分化した運動神経細胞;
MNC3w−3週分化した運動神経細胞;及び
MNC4w−4週分化した運動神経細胞。
[図8C]図8Bと同様に運動神経に分化したT−MSCとヒト骨格筋細胞を共培養させた後、神経筋接合部の形成とともに、両細胞の形態をさらに確実に確認するために、同一スライドで染色に用いられたタンパク質別に撮影をした。α−SMA(α−smooth muscle actin、青色)パネルは筋肉細胞の形態を示し、Tuj1(beta III Tubulin、緑色)パネルは神経細胞の形態を示し、α−BTX(赤色、Bungarotoxin)パネルは神経筋接合部であるアセチルコリンレセプタクラスター(acetylcholine receptor cluster)を表示する。この3つを重なって示したのがmergeパネルである。
[発明を実施するための形態]
本発明の理解を助けるために実施例を提示する。下記の実施例は本発明をより容易に理解させるために提供されるものに過ぎず、実施例によって本発明の内容が限定されることはない。
〔実施例1−1:扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞の培養〕
扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞(tonsil−derived mesenchymal stem cell,TMSC)は、イファ女子大学モクドン病院の耳鼻咽喉−頭頸部外科で扁桃摘出術を施した患者から摘出された扁桃組織(4〜20歳の低年齢層の組織、臨床倫理委員会審議通過:ECT11−53−02)を得、幹細胞を分離して10% FBS(Hyclone)、1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(GIBCO)、0.1mM β−メルカプトエタノール(Sigma)、1%非必須アミノ酸(GIBCO)が補充されたDMEM(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium,GIBCO)で培養した。
扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞(motor neuron,MN)の分化は、下記の段階によって行った。
前記のような方法で2.5週間分化した運動神経細胞を継代培養した結果、2世代及び3世代継代培養した運動神経細胞は正常の増殖能を有することを確認した。したがって、本発明によって分化した運動神経細胞は継代培養しても正常の増殖が可能であることを確認した(図2)。
前記のような方法で2.5週間分化した運動神経細胞を培養10日目に凍結した後14日目に融解して細胞の形態を観察した結果、凍結融解後にも形態的に変化がないことを確認した。
扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞への分化能を調べるために、運動神経細胞の代表マーカーであるISL1(Insulin gene enhancer protein)、HB9及びChAT(Choline acetyltransferase)の発現程度をリアルタイムPCRで分析した。
免疫蛍光染色を用いて運動神経細胞への分化能を確認した。前記扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞及び分化2週後運動神経細胞は、カバースリップ(cover slip)上で培養して製造し、分化を終えた後に4%パラホルムアルデヒド(paraformaldehyde)溶液で15分間室温で固定した後、PBSで洗浄した。洗浄された細胞を0.1% Tween−20及び2%ウシ血清アルブミン(Bovine serum albumin)を添加したPBS溶液で1時間処理し、発現を確認しようとする抗体は、生産者が指示した比率通りに希釈し、PBSに添加した後に室温で1時間又は冷蔵状態で一晩中反応させた。続いて、再びPBS溶液で洗浄した後、室温又は冷蔵状態でTRITC(tetrarhodamine isothiocyanate)又はFITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate)接合体の2次抗体を1次抗体と同じ方法で処理した。対照染色で細胞核を染色するためにDAPIが添加されたマウンティング溶液(Vectashield)を使用し、マウンティング後に蛍光顕微鏡で観察した。
扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から運動神経細胞への分化をウェスタンブロットを用いて確認した。
運動神経細胞へと4週間分化中であった扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞の培養皿から採取した上層液(上澄み液又は馴化培養液)と分化培養液培地をアセチルコリン分析キット(Fluorometric;Cell Biolabs,INC.CA,USA)で分析し、分化培養液に対するアセチルコリンの増加率をパーセントで計算した。
本発明によって分化した運動神経細胞が実際に運動神経細胞の特性を示すかどうかを調べるために、神経筋接合部(neuromuscular junction)形成の有無を確認した。
扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から分化した運動神経細胞の特性を調べるために、中枢神経及び末梢神経の発生と形成を助ける脳由来神経栄養因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、 グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子 (glial cell−derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)、神経成長因子 (nerve growth factor,NGF)、及びヘレグリン(heregulin,HRG)のような神経栄養因子(neurotrophic factor)の発現変化をリアルタイムPCRで分析した。RNeasy mini kit(Qiagen Inc.)を用いて、製造者の指示書に従って総RNAを抽出した。Superscript II(Invitrogen)とoligo−d(T)20プライマーを用いて42℃で1時間、72℃で15分間反応させてcDNAを合成した。前記cDNAに対する定量リアルタイムPCRはSYBR(登録商標)Premix Ex Taq TMキット(TaKaRa Bio Inc.,Shiga,Japan)を用いて、ABI 7500高速リアルタイムPCRシステム(Applied Biosystems/Thermo Fisher Scientific,Waltham,MA,USA)で行った。BDNF、GDNF、NGF、HRG遺伝子の相対的発現量は比較Ct定量(2−ΔΔCt)方法で計算し、全ての測定値は3重(triplicate)に行った。
図10は、T−MSCを、免疫蛍光染色法を用いてビメンチンの発現を確認した図である。ビメンチンは、神経前駆細胞(neural progenitor cell)のマーカーとして用いられるタンパク質でもある。図10から、T−MSCの発現率が他のMSC(AdMAC、BM−MSC、WJ−MSC)に比べて有意に高く、よって、運動神経細胞への分化潜在性に優れることが分かる。
[課題固有番号]2017R1D1A1A02018634
[部処名]教育部
[研究管理専門機関]韓国研究財団
[研究事業名]基礎研究事業(学術振興)−理工分野基礎研究事業−基本研究(SGER)
[研究課題名]末梢神経病の治療のための扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞の開発
[寄与率]70/100
[主管機関]イファ女子大学校産学協力団
[研究期間]2017.06.01〜2020.05.31
[この発明を支援した国家研究開発事業]
[課題固有番号]HI12C0135010017
[部処名]保健福祉部
[研究管理専門機関]韓国保健産業振興院
[研究事業名]保健医療技術研究開発事業−希疾患事業
[研究課題名]シャルコーマリートゥース病の新規バイオマーカー及びカストマイズド治療技術開発
[寄与率]30/100
[主管機関]イファ女子大学校産学協力団
[研究期間]2017.04.01〜2018.03.31
p2−2世代継代培養;及び
p3−3世代継代培養、以下、図3も同様。
MN3w−3週分化した運動神経細胞;及び
MN4w−4週分化した運動神経細胞。
MNC2w−2週分化した運動神経細胞;
MNC3w−3週分化した運動神経細胞;及び
MNC4w−4週分化した運動神経細胞。
Claims (21)
- DMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium)、FBS、N2補充物(supplement)、レチノイン酸、脳由来神経成長因子(brain−derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、神経成長因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)及びソニックヘッジホッグ(sonic hedgehog,SHH)を含む、扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞又はこれから分化した前駆細胞から運動神経細胞(motor neuron)に分化させるための分化培養液培地組成物。
- 前記分化培養液培地は、低濃度グルコースDMEM、0.25〜25%(w/v)FBS、0.1〜10%(w/v)N2補充物(supplement)、0.1〜10μMレチノイン酸、1〜100ng/ml脳由来神経成長因子(brain−derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、1〜100ng/ml神経成長因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)及び0.01〜1ng/mlソニックヘッジホッグ(sonic hedgehog,SHH)を含む、請求項1に記載の分化培養液培地組成物。
- 扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞又はこれから分化した前駆細胞を請求項1の分化培地組成物で培養して運動神経細胞を誘導する段階を含む運動神経細胞への分化方法。
- 前記培養を2〜4週間行う、請求項3に記載の分化方法。
- 運動神経細胞を誘導する段階前に扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞を浮遊状態で培養して細胞凝集体を形成する段階をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の分化方法。
- 前記細胞凝集体を形成する段階の増殖培養液培地は、FBS、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、β−メルカプトエタノール及び非必須アミノ酸を含む、請求項5に記載の分化方法。
- 前記細胞凝集体を形成する段階の増殖培養液培地は、5〜20%(w/v)FBS、0.5〜2%(w/v)ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、0.05〜0.2mM β−メルカプトエタノール及び0.5〜2%(w/v)非必須アミノ酸を含むDMEM培地(Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium)である、請求項6に記載の分化方法。
- 前記細胞凝集体の形成は、ポリエチレンイミン(polyethyleneimine)がコーティングされた培養皿で培養液10ml当たり5×106〜7×106個の細胞を浮遊状態で1〜7日間培養することである、請求項5に記載の分化方法。
- 細胞凝集体を1〜3世代まで継代培養して神経前駆細胞(neural precursor)に分化させる段階をさらに含む、請求項5に記載の分化方法。
- 前記前駆細胞は、神経前駆細胞(neural precursor cell)である、請求項1に記載の分化方法。
- 前記扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞は、他の組織由来間葉系幹細胞に比べて、神経前駆細胞のマーカーであるビメンチン(vimentin)の発現率が高いことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の分化方法。
- 前記扁桃由来間葉系幹細胞から分化した前駆細胞は、他の組織由来間葉系幹細胞から分化した前駆細胞に比べて、ニューロン特異マーカー(Neuron−specific marker)であるTuj1の発現率が高いことを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の分化方法。
- 請求項3〜12のいずれか一項による分化方法によって製造された運動神経細胞。
- 前記運動神経細胞はISL1(insulin gene enhancer protein)、HB9(homeobox protein)、又はChAT(choline acetyltransferase)の発現が増加する、請求項13に記載の運動神経細胞。
- 前記運動神経細胞はアセチルコリンの分泌が増加する、請求項13に記載の運動神経細胞。
- 前記運動神経細胞は神経筋接合部(neuromuscular junction)の形成が可能である、請求項13に記載の運動神経細胞。
- 前記運動神経細胞は1〜3世代まで継代培養が可能である、請求項13に記載の運動神経細胞。
- 前記運動神経細胞は凍結後融解して使用可能である、請求項13に記載の運動神経細胞。
- 請求項13による運動神経細胞を有効成分として含む神経疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 前記神経疾患は、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、重症筋無力症(myasthenia gravis,MG)、脊髄筋萎縮症(spinal muscular atrophy,SMA)又はシャルコーマリートゥース(Charcot−Marie−Tooth,CMT)病である、請求項19に記載の神経疾患の予防又は治療用薬学組成物。
- 請求項13による運動神経細胞を含む細胞治療剤。
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