JP2021519073A - 哺乳動物細胞におけるラクトジェニック活性の制御 - Google Patents
哺乳動物細胞におけるラクトジェニック活性の制御 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年3月29日に出願された米国特許出願第62/649,963号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、その開示は参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれている。
本出願には、EFS−Webを介してASCIIフォーマットにて提出された配列表が含まれ、その全体が参照により本明細書に援用される。2019年3月28日に作成された該ASCIIコピーは、00B206_0785_SL.txtという名称であり、444,511バイトのサイズである。
本開示は、目的の生成物、例えば組み換えタンパク質を製造するための方法及び組成物に関する。特に、本開示は、目的の生成物を発現する哺乳動物細胞であって、細胞(例えばチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞)が、制御されたラクトジェニック(lactogenic)活性を有する、哺乳動物細胞に関する。本開示はまた、哺乳動物細胞でピルビン酸キナーゼ筋(PKM)発現(例えば、PKM−1発現)を制御して、細胞におけるラクトジェニック活性を低下又は除去するための方法及び組成物、並びに、ラクトジェニック活性が低下又は除去された1つ以上の細胞を有する組成物、及びその使用方法にも関する。
チャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞は、その、適切なタンパク質の折りたたみ、集合、及び翻訳後用途に対する能力故に、臨床用途のための治療用タンパク質の製造において、幅広く使用されている。通常、他の不死化細胞株と同様に、CHO細胞は、Warburg効果(Warburg,1956,Science 123(3191):309−14)として知られるプロセスである、好気的解糖により、グルコースを消費してラクテートを生成する傾向にある。生成培地におけるラクテートの蓄積は、細胞増殖、生存能、及び産生能に逆効果を及ぼし得る。このような、製造工程中におけるCHO細胞のラクトジェニック挙動(即ち、ラクテート生成挙動)により、生存能及び産生能の低下が引き起こされ得、生成される治療用タンパク質の質が変化する可能性がある。
本開示は、目的の生成物、例えば組み換えタンパク質を製造するための方法、細胞、及び組成物に関する。特に、本明細書で記載した方法、細胞、及び組成物は、目的の生成物を発現する、細胞(例えばチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞)が、制御されたラクトジェニック活性を有する改善された哺乳動物細胞を含む。本明細書に記載する方法及び組成物は、哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性を制御するために、ラクトジェニック活性と関連する、根底的な影響、例えば哺乳動物細胞の生存能及び産生能の低下、並びに、生成される目的の生成物の質の変化を低下させる、又は除去する。
限定を行うものではなく、明確化のために、本明細書にて開示する主題の詳細の説明を、以下の小節に分ける:
5.1 定義;
5.2 PKM発現の制御;
5.3 ラクトジェニック活性が低下した、又は除去された細胞;
5.4 細胞培養法;
5.5 生成物;及び
5.6 例示的実施形態。
本明細書中で使用される用語は一般に、本開示の文脈内で、かつ、各用語が使用される具体的な文脈においての、当該技術分野における通常の意味を有する。特定の用語を以下で、又は、本明細書の他の箇所にて論じ、本開示の組成物及び方法、並びに、それらの作製及び使用方法について記載する、実践者向けの追加の案内を示す。
用語「細胞培養培地」及び「培地」とは、典型的には、以下のカテゴリーのうちの1つ以上からの、少なくとも1つの構成成分を提供する、哺乳動物細胞を増殖させるのに使用される栄養素溶液を意味する:
1) 通常、グルコースなどの炭水化物の形態でのエネルギー供給源;
2) 全ての必須アミノ酸、及び通常、20個のアミノ酸+システインの、塩基性のまとまり;
3) 低濃度で必要とされるビタミン及び/又は他の有機化合物;
4) 遊離脂肪酸;並びに
5) 微量元素(微量元素は、非常に低濃度、通常マイクロモル範囲で典型的には必要とされる、無機化合物又は天然に存在する元素として定義される)。
1) 例えばインスリン、トランスフェリン、及び上皮成長因子などの、ホルモン及び他の成長因子;
2) 例えばカルシウム、マグネシウム、及びホスフェートなどの、塩類及び緩衝液;
3) 例えばアデノシン、チミジン、及びヒポキサンチンなどの、ヌクレオシド及び塩基;並びに
4) タンパク質及び組織加水分解物。
一般的に、抗体は、6個のCDRを含み、VHに3個(CDR−H1、CDR−H2、CDR−H3)、VLに3個(CDR−L1、CDR−L2、CDR−L3)含む。本明細書における例示的なCDRとしては、
(a) アミノ酸残基26−32(L1)、50−52(L2)、91−96(L3)、26−32(H1)、53−55(H2)及び96−101(H3)で生じる超可変ループ(Chothia and Lesk、J.Mol.Biol.196:901−917(1987));
(b) アミノ酸残基24−34(L1)、50−56(L2)、89−97(L3)、31−35b(H1)、50−65(H2)及び95−102(H3)に存在するCDR(Kabat et al.、Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest、5th Ed.Public Health Service、National Institutes of Health、Bethesda、MD(1991));及び
(c) アミノ酸残基27c−36(L1)、46−55(L2)、89−96(L3)、30−35b(H1)、47−58(H2)及び93−101(H3)で生じる抗原接触(MacCallum et al.J.Mol.Biol.262:732−745(1996));が挙げられる。
解糖は、哺乳動物細胞、例えばCHO細胞による、エネルギーを生み出すために使用されるグルコース代謝のプロセスである。解糖は高流動状態又は低流動状態にて生じることができる。グルコース量に対する細胞応答、及び、これらの流動状態間での切り替えは、細胞株、並びに、解糖経路に存在するアイソザイムの量及び組み合わせに応じて変化する可能性がある(Mulukutla et al.,2014,PLoS One 9(6):e98756)。通常の培養条件下にて、他の不死化細胞株と同様に、CHO細胞は、Warburg効果(Warburg,1956,Science 123(3191):309−14)として知られるプロセスである、好気的解糖により、グルコースを消費してラクテートを生成する傾向にある。産生培地中でラクテートが蓄積することにより、細胞増殖、生存能、及び産生能に悪影響を及ぼし得る。したがって、細胞エネルギー流動及び代謝の制御をてこ入れして、細胞培養産生期中のラクテートの蓄積により引き起こされる、望ましくない結果を回避することができる(Mulukutla et al.,2010,Trends Biotechnol.28(9):476−84;Luo et al.,2012,Biotechnol.Bioeng.109(1):146−56;Ahn and Antoniewicz,2012,Biotechnol.J.7(1):61−74)。
特定の実施形態において、遺伝子組み換えシステムを使用して、PKMポリペプチドの発現(例えばPKM−1発現)を制御(例えば、ノックダウン又はノックアウト)する。当該技術分野において公知の様々な遺伝子組み換えシステムを、本明細書で開示される方法のために使用することができる。このようなシステムの非限定例としては、CRISPR/Casシステム、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)システム、転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)システム、並びに、低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)、ショートヘアピンRNA(shRNA)、及びマイクロRNA(miRNA)などの、遺伝子サイレンシングによるタンパク質ノックダウンのための、他のツールの使用が挙げられる。従来の、改善された、又は修正されたCasシステム、及び、Cpf−1などの、その他の細菌ベースのゲノム切除ツールを含む、当該技術分野において公知の任意のCRISPR/Casシステムを、本明細書で開示される方法と共に使用することができる。
一態様において、本開示は、ラクトジェニック活性が低下した又は除去された1つ以上の細胞、例えば哺乳動物細胞を含む細胞又は組成物、及びその使用方法に関する。PKMポリペプチドの発現(例えば、PKM−1の発現)は細胞内でノックダウン又はノックアウトされており、これにより、細胞のラクトジェニック活性の低下又は除去がもたらされる。細胞の非限定例としては、CHO細胞(例えば、DHFR CHO細胞)、dp12.CHO細胞のCHO−K1(ATCC、CCL−61)、SV40により形質転換したサル腎臓CV1(例えば、COS−7 ATCC CRL−1651)、ヒト胎児腎臓株(例えば、懸濁培養液中で増殖のためにサブクローニングされた293又は293細胞)、ベビーハムスター腎臓細胞(例えば、BHK、ATCC CCL 10)、マウスセルトリ細胞(例えば、TM4)、サル腎臓細胞(例えば、CV1 ATCC CCL 70)、アフリカミドリザル腎臓細胞(例えば、VERO−76、ATCC CRL−1587)、ヒト子宮頚癌細胞(例えば、HELA、ATCC CCL 2)、イヌ腎臓細胞(例えば、MDCK、ATCC CCL 34)、バッファローラット肝臓細胞(例えば、BRL 3A、ATCC CRL 1442)、ヒト肺細胞(例えば、W138、ATCC CCL 75)、ヒト肝臓細胞(例えば、Hep G2、HB 8065)、マウス乳癌(例えば、MMT 060562、ATCC CCL51)、TRI細胞、MRC 5細胞、FS4細胞、ヒト肝癌株(例えば、Hep G2)、骨髄腫細胞株(例えば、Y0、NS0及びSp2/0)が挙げられる。特定の実施形態において、細胞はCHO細胞である。CHO宿主細胞の、更なる非限定例としては、CHO K1SV細胞、CHO DG44細胞、CHO DUKXB−11細胞、CHOK1S細胞、及びCHO KIM細胞が挙げられる。特定の実施形態において、PKM遺伝子の1つの対立遺伝子のみが、本開示の細胞内で改変される。特定の実施形態において、PKM遺伝子の両方の対立遺伝子が改変される。特定の実施形態において、本開示の細胞は、配列番号39〜41からなる群から選択される配列を含むPKM遺伝子の少なくとも1つの対立遺伝子を含む、又は、配列番号37及び38に記載のヌクレオチド配列を含む(図4Cを参照のこと)。例えば、本開示の細胞は、配列番号39〜41からなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド配列を含むPKM遺伝子の対立遺伝子を含む、又は、配列番号37及び38に記載のヌクレオチド配列を含むが、これに限定されない。特定の実施形態において、本開示の細胞は、配列番号39〜41からなる群から選択される配列を含むPKM遺伝子の少なくとも1つの対立遺伝子を含む。特定の実施形態において、細胞はCHO細胞である。ラクトジェニック活性が低下した又は除去された細胞の非限定例としては、本明細書にて開示するHET−3、HET−18、KO−2、及びKO−15が挙げられる。
一態様では、本開示は、本明細書にて開示した細胞を培養することを含む、目的の生成物の作製方法を提供する。当該技術分野において公知の、哺乳動物細胞に対して好適な培養条件は、本明細書に記載の細胞の培養に使用することができる(J.Immunol.Methods(1983)56:221−234)、又は、当事者により容易に測定することができる(例えば、Animal Cell Culture:A Practical Approach 2nd Ed.,Rickwood,D.and Hames,B.D.,eds.Oxford University Press,New York(1992)を参照のこと)。
本開示の細胞及び/又は方法を使用して、本明細書にて開示した細胞により発現可能な、目的の任意の生成物を作製することができる。特定の実施形態において、本開示の細胞及び/又は方法をポリペプチド、例えば哺乳動物ポリペプチドの作製に使用することができる。このようなポリペプチドの非限定例としては、ホルモン、受容体、融合タンパク質、制御因子、成長因子、補体系因子、酵素、凝固因子、抗凝固因子、キナーゼ、サイトカイン、CDタンパク質、インターロイキン、治療用タンパク質、診断用タンパク質、及び抗体が挙げられる。本開示の細胞及び/又は方法は分子、例えば、作製される抗体に対して、特異的ではない。
特定の態様において、本明細書において提供する細胞及び方法により作製される抗体は、多重特異性抗体、例えば二重特異性抗体である。「多重特異性抗体」とは、少なくとも2つの異なる部分、即ち異なる抗原の異なるエピトープ(即ち、二重特異的)、又は、同じ抗原の異なるエピトープ(即ち、二重エピトープ)に対する結合特異性を有するモノクローナル抗体である。特定の態様において、多重特異性抗体は3つ以上の結合特異性を有する。多重特異性抗体は、本明細書に記載した完全長抗体又は抗体断片として調製することができる。
特定の態様において、本明細書において提供する細胞及び方法により作製される抗体は、抗体断片である。例えば、限定されるものではないが、抗体断片はFab、Fab’、Fab’−SH、又はF(ab’)2断片、特にFab断片である。インタクトな抗体をパパイン分解することにより、2つの同一の抗原結合断片、いわゆる、それぞれが、重鎖及び軽鎖可変ドメイン(それぞれVH及びVL)、並びに、軽鎖(CL)の定常ドメイン、及び重鎖(CH1)の第1の定常ドメインを含有する「Fab」断片が作製される。用語「Fab断片」はそれ故、VLドメイン及びCLドメインを含む軽鎖と、VHドメイン及びCH1ドメインを含む重鎖断片と、を含む抗体断片を意味する。「Fab’断片」は、抗体ヒンジ領域から1つ以上のシステインを含むCH1ドメインのカルボキシ末端にて、残基を添加することによって、Fab断片とは異なる。Fab’−SHは、定常ドメインのシステイン残基がチオール基を有するFab’断片である。ペプシン処理により、2つの抗原結合部位(2つのFab断片)、及びFc領域の一部を有するF(ab’)2断片が得られる。サルベージ受容体結合エピトープ残基を含み、インビボ半減期が増加したFab及びF(ab’)2の議論には、米国特許第5,869,046号を参照されたい。
特定の態様において、本明細書において提供する細胞及び方法により作製される抗体は、キメラ抗体である。ある種のキメラ抗体は、例えば、米国特許第4,816,567号;及びMorrison et al,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,81:6851−6855(1984)に開示されている。一例において、キメラ抗体は、非ヒト可変領域(例えばマウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ、又はサル等の非ヒト霊長類に由来の可変領域)、及びヒト定常領域を含む。更なる例において、キメラ抗体は、クラス又はサブクラスが親抗体のそれらから変更している「クラススイッチ」抗体である。キメラ抗体には、その抗原結合断片が含まれる。
特定の態様において、本明細書において提供する細胞及び方法により作製される抗体は、ヒト抗体である。ヒト抗体は、当該技術分野において既知である様々な技術を使用して産生することができる。ヒト抗体は通常、van Dijk及びvan de Winkel,Curr.Opin.Pharmacol.5:368−74(2001)及びLonberg,Curr.Opin.Immunol.20:450−459(2008)に記載されている。
本明細書にて開示した細胞及び方法により作製した抗体により標的化されることができる分子の非限定例としては、可溶性血清タンパク質及びそれらの受容体、並びに、他の膜結合タンパク質(例えば付着因子)が挙げられる。特定の実施形態において、本明細書にて開示した細胞及び方法により作製した抗体は、8MPI、8MP2、8MP38(GDFIO)、8MP4、8MP6、8MP8、CSFI(M−CSF)、CSF2(GM−CSF)、CSF3(G−CSF)、EPO、FGF1(αFGF)、FGF2(βFGF)、FGF3(int−2)、FGF4(HST)、FGF5、FGF6(HST−2)、FGF7(KGF)、FGF9、FGF10、FGF11、FGF12、FGF12B、FGF14、FGF16、FGF17、FGF19、FGF20、FGF21、FGF23、IGF1、IGF2、IFNA1、IFNA2、IFNA4、IFNA5、IFNA6、IFNA7、IFN81、IFNG、IFNWI、FEL1、FEL1(EPSELON)、FEL1(ZETA)、IL1A、IL1B、IL2、IL3、IL4、IL5、IL6、IL7、IL8、IL9、IL10、IL11、IL12A、IL12B、IL13、IL14、IL15、IL16、IL17、IL17B、IL18、IL19、IL20、IL22、IL23、IL24、IL25、IL26、IL27、IL28A、IL28B、IL29、IL30、PDGFA、PDGFB、TGFA、TGFB1、TGFB2、TGFBb3、LTA(TNF−β)、LTB、TNF(TNF−α)、TNFSF4(OX40リガンド)、TNFSF5(CD40リガンド)、TNFSF6(FasL)、TNFSF7(CD27リガンド)、TNFSF8(CD30リガンド)、TNFSF9(4−1BBリガンド)、TNFSF10(TRAIL)、TNFSF11(TRANCE)、TNFSF12(AP03L)、TNFSF13(April)、TNFSF13B、TNFSF14(HVEM−L)、TNFSF15(VEGI)、TNFSF18、HGF(VEGFD)、VEGF、VEGFB、VEGFC、IL1R1、IL1R2、IL1RL1、IL1RL2、IL2RA、IL2RB、IL2RG、IL3RA、IL4R、IL5RA、IL6R、IL7R、IL8RA、IL8RB、IL9R、IL10RA、IL10RB、IL 11RA、IL12RB1、IL12RB2、IL13RA1、IL13RA2、IL15RA、IL17R、IL18R1、IL20RA、IL21R、IL22R、IL1HY1、IL1RAP、IL1RAPL1、IL1RAPL2、IL1RN、IL6ST、IL18BP、IL18RAP、IL22RA2、AIF1、HGF、LEP(レプチン)、PTN、及びTHPO.kからなる群から選択される、1つ、2つ又はそれ以上のサイトカイン、サイトカイン関連タンパク質、及びサイトカイン受容体に結合することができる。
仮想的タンパク質FLJ20315);MSMB;MT3(メタロチオネクチン−111);MTSS1;MUC1(ムチン);MYC;MY088;Napi3b(NaPi2bとしても知られている)(NAPI−3B、NPTIIb、SLC34A2、溶質キャリアファミリー34(リン酸ナトリウム)、メンバー2、II型ナトリウム依存性ホスフェートトランスポーター3b);NCA;NCK2;ニューロカン;NFKB1;NFKB2;NGFB(NGF);NGFR;NgR−Lingo;NgR−Nogo66(Nogo);NgR−p75;NgR−Troy;NME1(NM23A);NOX5;NPPB;NR0B1;NR0B2;NR1D1;NR1D2;NR1H2;NR1H3;NR1H4;NR112;NR113;NR2C1;NR2C2;NR2E1;NR2E3;NR2F1;NR2F2;NR2F6;NR3C1;NR3C2;NR4A1;NR4A2;NR4A3;NR5A1;NR5A2;NR6A1;NRP1;NRP2;NT5E;NTN4;ODZI;OPRD1;0X40;P2RX7;P2X5(プリン作動性受容体P2Xリガンドゲートイオンチャネル5);PAP;PARTI;PATE;PAWR;PC A3;PCNA;PD−L1;PD−L2;PD−1;POGFA;POGFB;PEC AMI;PF4(CXCL4);PGF;PGR;ホスファカン;PIAS2;PIK3CG;PLAU(uPA);PLG;PLXDC1;PMEL17(銀ホモログ;SILV;D12S53E;PMEL17;SI;SIL);PPBP(CXCL7);PPID;PRI;PRKCQ;PRKDI;PRL;PROC;PROK2;PSAP;PSCA hlg(2700050C12Rik、C530008016Rik、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12、RIKEN cDNA 2700050C12遺伝子);PTAFR;PTEN;PTGS2(COX−2);PTN;RAC2(p21 Rac2);RARB;RET(ret原型癌遺伝子;MEN2A;HSCR1;MEN2B;MTC1;PTC;CDHF12;Hs.168114;RET51;RET−ELE1);RGSI;RGS13;RGS3;RNF110(ZNF144);ROBO2;S100A2;SCGB1D2(リポフィリンB);SCGB2A1(マンマグロビン2);SCGB2A2(マンマグロビン1);SCYEI(内皮単核細胞活性化サイトカイン);SDF2;Serna 5b(FLJ10372、KIAA1445、Mm.42015、SEMA5B、SEMAG、セマフォリン5b Hlog、セマドメイン、7つのトロンボスポンジン反復(1型及び1型様)、膜貫通ドメイン(TM)、及び短い細胞質ドメイン(セマフォリン)5B);SERPINA1;SERPINA3;SERP1NB5(マスピン);SERPINEl(PAI−l);SERPDMF1;SHBG;SLA2;SLC2A2;SLC33A1;SLC43A1;SLIT2;SPPI;SPRR1B(Sprl);ST6GAL1;STABI;STAT6;STEAP(6つの、前立腺の膜貫通上皮抗原);STEAP2(HGNC_8639、IPCA−1、PCANAP1、STAMP1、STEAP2、STMP、前立腺癌関連遺伝子1、前立腺癌関連タンパク質1、6つの、前立腺の膜貫通上皮抗原2、6つの膜貫通前立腺タンパク質);TB4R2;TBX21;TCPIO;TOGFI;TEK;TENB2(推定の膜貫通プロテオグリカン);TGFA;TGFBI;TGFB1II;TGFB2;TGFB3;TGFBI;TGFBRI;TGFBR2;TGFBR3;THIL;THBSI(トロンボスポンジン−1);THBS2;THBS4;THPO;TIE(Tie−1);TMP3;組織因子;TLR1;TLR2;TLR3;TLR4;TLR5;TLR6;TLR7;TLR8;TLR9;TLR10;TMEFF1(EGF様及びフォリスタチン様ドメイン1を有する膜貫通タンパク質;トモレグリン−1);TMEM46(シーサホモログ2);TNF;TNF−a;TNFAEP2(B94);TNFAIP3;TNFRSFIIA;TNFRSF1A;TNFRSF1B;TNFRSF21;TNFRSF5;TNFRSF6(Fas);TNFRSF7;TNFRSF8;TNFRSF9;TNFSF10(TRAIL);TNFSF11(TRANCE);TNFSF12(AP03L);TNFSF13(April);TNFSF13B;TNFSF14(HVEM−L);TNFSF15(VEGI);TNFSF18;TNFSF4(OX40リガンド);TNFSF5(CD40リガンド);TNFSF6(FasL);TNFSF7(CD27リガンド);TNFSFS(CD30リガンド);TNFSF9(4−1 BBリガンド);TOLLIP;Toll−様受容体;TOP2A(トポイソメラーゼEa);TP53;TPM1;TPM2;TRADD;TMEM118(RINGフィンガータンパク質、膜貫通2;RNFT2;FLJ14627);TRAF1;TRAF2;TRAF3;TRAF4;TRAF5;TRAF6;TREM1;TREM2;TrpM4(BR22450、FLJ20041、TRPM4、TRPM4B、一過性の受容体潜在性カチオンチャネル、サブファミリーM、メンバー4);TRPC6;TSLP;TWEAK;チロシナーゼ(TYR;OCAIA;OCA1A;チロシナーゼ;SHEP3);VEGF;VEGFB;VEGFC;バーシカン;VHL C5;VLA−4;XCL1(リンホタクチン);XCL2(SCM−1b);XCRI(GPR5/ CCXCRI);YY1;及びZFPM2。
及び
DIQMTQSPSS LSASVGDRVT ITCRASQGIS SSLAWYQQKP GKAPKLLIYG ASETESGVPS RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISSLQP EDFATYYCQN TKVGSSYGNT FGGGTKVEIK(配列番号32)を含む(これらの配列の翻訳後修飾を含む)。上記VH及びVL配列は、米国特許出願公開第2016/0176954号にそれぞれ、配列番号106及び配列番号111として開示されている。(米国特許出願公開第2016/0176954号の表7及び8を参照のこと。)特定の実施形態において、抗C5抗体は305L015である(米国特許出願公開第2016/0176954号を参照のこと)。
及び
DIQMTQSPSS LSASVGDRVT ITCRASQDIS NYLNWYQQKP GKAPKLLIYY TSRLRSGVPS RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISSLQP EDFATYYCQQ GHTLPPTFGQ GTKVEIK(配列番号9)を含む(これらの配列の翻訳後修飾を含む)。
及び
DIQMTQSPSS LSASVGDRVT ITCHASQDIS SYIVWYQQKP GKAPKLLIYH GTNLEDGVPS RFSGSGSGTD FTLTISSLQP EDFATYYCVH YAQFPYTFGQ GTKVEIK(配列番号17)を含む(これらの配列の翻訳後修飾を含む)。
特定の態様において、本明細書において提供する抗体、例えば、セクション5.5.5に示す抗体のアミノ酸配列バリアントを想到する。例えば、抗体の結合親和性及び/又は他の生物学的性質を変化させることが望ましい場合がある。抗体のアミノ酸配列バリアントは、適切な改変を、抗体をコードするヌクレオチド配列に組み込むことで、又はペプチド合成により調製することができる。そのような修飾は、例えば、抗体のアミノ酸配列内の残基の欠失、及び/又は挿入、及び/又は置換を含む。最終構築物に到達するために欠失、挿入、及び置換を任意に組み合わせることができるが、但し、その最終構築物が所望の特性、例えば、抗原結合を保有することを条件とする。
特定の態様において、1つ又は複数のアミノ酸置換を有する抗体バリアントが提供される。置換による変異誘発に関して目的とする部位には、CDR及びFRが含まれる。保存的置換は、表1において、「好ましい置換」の見出しの下に示される。より実質的な変化は、表1において、「例示的な置換」の見出しの下に提供され、またアミノ酸側鎖クラスを参照して以下に更に記載されるとおりである。目的とする抗体中にアミノ酸置換を導入し、その産物を、所望の活性、例えば、保持/改善された抗原結合、低下した免疫原性、又は改善されたADCC若しくはCDCについてスクリーニングすることができる。
(1) 疎水性:ノルロイシン、Met、Ala、Val、Leu、Ile;
(2) 中性親水性:Cys、Ser、Thr、Asn、Gln;
(3) 酸性:Asp、Glu;
(4) 塩基性:His、Lys、Arg;
(5) 鎖配向に影響を及ぼす残基:Gly、Pro、
(6) 芳香族:Trp、Tyr、Phe。
特定の態様において、本明細書において提供する抗体を変えて、抗体のグリコシル化の程度を増減させる。抗体へのグリコシル化部位の付加又は欠失は、1つ以上のグリコシル化部位が作り出されるか、又は除去されるようにアミノ酸配列を改変させることにより好都合に達成され得る。
特定の態様では、1つ以上のアミノ酸改変は、本明細書で提示される抗体のFc領域に導入されてもよく、それにより、Fc領域バリアントを作成する。Fc領域バリアントは、1つ以上のアミノ酸位置においてアミノ酸修飾(例えば置換)を含むヒトFc領域配列(例えばヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3又はIgG4 Fc領域)を含んでよい。
特定の態様において、抗体の1つ以上の残基がシステイン残基で置換された、システイン改変抗体、例えばTHIOMAB(商標)抗体を作製するのが望ましい場合がある。特定の態様において、置換された残基は、抗体の利用しやすい部位で生じる。これらの残基をシステインで置換することにより、反応性チオール基が抗体の接触可能部位に配置され、抗体を他の部位、例えば薬物部位、又はリンカー/薬物部位と結合させ、本明細書で更に記載する免疫抱合体を作製するのに用いることができる。システイン改変抗体は、例えば米国特許第7,521,541号、同第8,30,930号、同第7,855,275号、同第9,000,130号、又は国際公開2016040856号に記載されているとおりに作製することができる。
特定の態様において、本明細書に提供される抗体は、当該技術分野で既知であり、容易に入手可能な追加の非タンパク質性部分を含有するようにさらに修飾することができる。抗体の誘導体化に好適な部分としては、限定するものではないが、水溶性ポリマーが挙げられる。水溶性ポリマーの非限定的な例としては、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、エチレングリコール/プロピレングリコールのコポリマー、カルボキシメチルセルロース、デキストラン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリ−1,3−ジオキソラン、ポリ−1,3,6−トリオキサン、エチレン/無水マレイン酸コポリマー、ポリアミノ酸(ホモポリマー又はランダムコポリマーのいずれか)、及びデキストラン又はポリ(n−ビニルピロリドン)ポリエチレングリコール、プロプロピレン(propropylene)グリコールホモポリマー、プロリプロピレン(prolypropylene)オキシド/エチレンオキシドコポリマー、ポリオキシエチル化ポリオール(例えば、グリセロール)、ポリビニルアルコール、並びにそれらの混合物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。ポリエチレングリコールプロピオンアルデヒドは、水中でのその安定性のため、製造時に有利であり得る。ポリマーは任意の分子量であることができ、かつ分枝又は非分枝であることができる。抗体に結合したポリマーの数は異なってもよく、2つ以上のポリマーが結合している場合、それらは同じ分子であっても、異なる分子であってもよい。一般に、誘導体化に使用されるポリマーの数及び/又は種類は、改善される抗体の特定の特性又は機能、抗体誘導体が定義された条件下である療法に使用されるかなどを含むが、これらに限定されない、考慮すべき事項に基づいて決定され得る。
本開示はまた、1つ以上の治療薬、例えば細胞毒性剤、化学療法剤、薬剤、成長阻害剤、毒素(例えばタンパク質毒素、微生物、菌類、植物若しくは動物由来の酵素活性毒素、又はこれらの断片)、又は放射性同位元素にコンジュゲートした(化学結合した)、本明細書にて開示した抗体を含む免疫免疫抱合体を提供する。
A. 特定の非限定的な実施形態において、本明細書にて開示する主題は、ピルビン酸キナーゼ筋(PKM)ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックダウン又はノックアウトされ、PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームがPKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォームを含む、ラクトジェニック活性が低下した、又は除去された哺乳動物細胞を提供する。
(a) Cas9分子、及び
(b) PKM遺伝子内の標的配列に対して相補的な標的化配列を含む、1つ以上のガイドRNA(gRNA)
を含む、E2に記載の前述の方法。
細胞株開発(CLD)のプロセスにおいて、異なる抗体分子を発現する、2つのラクトジェニック細胞株を同定した。これらの細胞株のラクトジェニック挙動は、細胞株に応じて、栄養素の供給又は培養pHの最適化を通して、異なるように軽減することができる。解糖経路に関与する様々なタンパク質を分析することにより、ピルビン酸キナーゼ筋−1(PKM−1)アイソフォームと、ラクトジェニック挙動との直接相関が明らかになった。
細胞株
組み換えモノクローナル抗体mAb−1又はmAb−2を分泌する細胞株を、グルタミンシンセターゼ(GS)選択マーカーを利用して、CHO−K1宿主から抽出した。シードトレインを、選択剤としてメチオニンスルホキシミン(MSX)を含有する、専売のDMEM/F12ベースの培地に、浸透速度:150rpm、37℃、及び5% CO2にて維持した。細胞を、3又は4日毎に継代した。
Finesseコントローラ(Applikon,Foster City,CA)付きのガラス撹拌タンクバイオリアクター(Applikon,Foster City,CA)にて、2Lバイオリアクターの製造を実施した。全ての産生培地では、バイオリアクター内で3日間、1回の播種トレイン段階(N−1)を利用し、その後、14日続く産生段階(N)を播種した。N−1播種培地を、0.17%の目標のパック細胞体積(PCV)に対して、1.5〜1.7Lの操作体積で播種した。これらを37℃、7.0のpH設定値、30%の溶存酸素(DO)設定値、及び275rpmでの撹拌で操作した。3日後、細胞を移して、0.25%の目標PCVにて1.4〜1.7Lの体積で、産生(N)バイオリアクターに播種した。全てのバイオリアクターを37℃で、72時間で35℃への温度移動をさせて操作した。酸対照としてCO2、及び塩基対照として1M炭酸ナトリウムを使用して、0.03のデッドバンド、pH7.00にて、培養液を操作した。このpH操作の唯一の例外は、0.03の同じデッドバンド、6.80の一定のpHにて操作した、mAb−2のpHレベルであった。空気と酸素ガス流の組み合わせを利用してDOを一定に維持し、全ての培養液を350rpm及び30%のDOにて操作するように設定した。mAb−1の対照プロセス培養に関しては、供給は産生の3日目(72時間)にて生じ、その時点の、培養液の全体積は20%であった。向上した供給プロセスに関しては、各供給に対して、培養液の全体積の15%にて、供給は3日目(72時間)及び6日目(144時間)にて生じた。
AMBR15(Sartorius,Goettingen Germany)システム内での産生培養液を、37℃の温度、30%のDO、pH7.0、及び1400rpmの撹拌速度の設定値にて操作した。N−1播種トレインを4日間実施し、次に、産生(N)段階を、37℃の温度、30%のDO、pH7.0、及び1400rpmの撹拌速度で、13mLの全体積、100万細胞/mLにて播種した。これらの培養液に関して、2Lバイオリアクターのスケールダウンプロセスを実施した。
上清及び細胞ペレットサンプルを、アッセイ又はウェスタンブロッティング分析に通すために収集した。生残細胞濃度(VCC)及び生存能に関して、Vi−Cell XR(Beckman Coulter)を使用して、及び、pO2、pH、pCO2、Na+、グルコース、及びラクテートに関して、Bioprofile 400(Nova Biomedical)を使用して、サンプルを分析した。2L及びAMBRバイオリアクターの全てのサンプルを、サンプリングにより気体発生を最小限に抑えた後、BioProfile 400で数分間分析した。同じVi−Cell XR,BioProfile 400及び浸透圧計(Model 2020,Advanced Instruments)を全てのサンプルに使用し、機器間での変動性を取り除いた。プロテインAカラムを備える高圧液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を使用して、抗体力価を測定した。PhyTip(PhyNexus,San Jose,CA)プロテインAカラムにより精製した、細胞培養上清サンプルを使用して、抗体産生物の品質アッセイを実施した。サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)により、抗体分子サイズ分布を分析した。画像化キャピラリー等電点電気泳動(icIEF)を使用して、タンパク質電荷の不均質性を測定し、全ての電荷不均質サンプルを、カルボキシペプチダーゼBで前処理した。全てのタンパク質生成物の品質アッセイをインハウスで開発し、詳細の手順を公開した(Hopp et al.,2009,Biotechnol.Prog.25(5):1427−32)。
細胞ペレットを細胞溶解緩衝液(10mM Tris pH8.0、0.5% NP40、150mM NaCl、5mM MgCl2、プロテアーゼ阻害剤含有)に溶解させ、氷上で20分間インキュベートした。次に、サンプルを13,000rpmにて10分間遠心沈殿させ、280nmにおける吸光度を用いるNanodrop 2000(Thermo Scientific,Wilmington DE)を使用して、上清を新しい管に移し、タンパク質濃度を測定した。15μLの溶解物を、5μLの4xランニング緩衝液(400μLの2x Invitrogenローディングバッファー+400μLの50%グリセロール+200μLの20% SDS+100μLのβ−メルカプトエタノール)と組み合わせ、90℃にて5分間加熱した。次に、等量のタンパク質を12ウェルの4〜20% Tris−グリシンゲルにロードし、SDSランニング緩衝液を使用して、150Vにて1.5時間動かした。その後、タンパク質を、Thermo Fisher製iBlot2を使用して、ニトロセルロース膜に移した。1xTBST緩衝液で洗浄した後、5%の乳溶液にてブロットを最低1時間ブロックし、その後、一次抗体で一晩インキュベートした。次にブロットを洗浄し、最低1時間、二次抗体内でインキュベートし、再びTBST緩衝液で洗浄した。ECL試薬を使用し、続けてBio−Radイメージング機器(Bio−Rad,Hercules,CA)を使用して、ブロットをイメージングした。
PKM−1をノックアウトするために、PKM遺伝子のエクソン9に隣接する、5’及び3’イントロン領域の両方を標的化するガイドRNA(gRNA)を、Genentech製のgRNA発現ベクターにクローニングした。この構築物を、Cas9発現プラスミドと共に、mAb−2発現細胞に同時にトランスフェクションした。トランスフェクト細胞は、クローニングした単一細胞であり、エクソン9の欠損はゲノムDNA PCRにより確認した。以下のgRNAオリゴが、エクソン−9(PKM−1)の欠損には最も有効であり、これらのオリゴにより標的化したプールを使用して、PKM−1ノックアウトmAb−2細胞株を単離した:
5’gRNA:GTCCTTTGGGCAGAGACAG(配列番号33)
3’gRNA:GACCAGAGTACTCCCTCGT(配列番号34)
ゲノムDNA PCRプライマーの配列:
5’−プライマー:CCAGATTTGGTGAGGACGAT(配列番号35)
3’−プライマー:AGCTGTGTTGTGAGGCATTG(配列番号36)
産生中のPKM−1量の増加は、CHO細胞のラクトジェニック挙動と相関する
mAb−1を発現する細胞株の、培養シードトレインを使用して、標準的又は増強した供給法を用い、バイオリアクター内に産生培養液を準備した。標準的な供給により、mAb−1細胞株でラクトジェニック挙動が引き起こされた一方で、増強した供給法では、ラクトジェニック挙動が軽減された。高ラクテート条件では、産生培養液中で10日後に細胞生存能の低下が引き起こされ(図1A)、低ラクテート条件と比較して、14日目の力価が低下した(図1B)。両方の培養条件が、7日目まで相当量のラクテートを有するものの、高ラクテート条件は、産生培養液中にて、7日目からラクテートの蓄積が著しく増加することを示し、14日目には上方の15g/Lに到達した。低ラクテート条件に関しては、ラクテートの量が高くなる傾向が出る(12日目〜14日目)前に、3〜4日の遅延が見られ、14日目までに、8g/Lに到達するのみであった(図1C)。
PKの他の形態(PKM以外)が、専売のCHO宿主細胞にて発現しているか否かを評価するために、2つの異なるCHO宿主細胞株(CHO−K1及びDHFR−/−)、並びにヒト(HEK293)細胞株の、PKL及びPKR(PKL/R)タンパク質の発現を分析した。両方のCHO細胞株、及び対照のHEK293細胞株は、PKL/R酵素の発現を示し(図3A)、PK遺伝子の全てのアイソフォーム(PKM−1、PKM−2、及びPKL/Rを含む)が、選択したCHO宿主にて発現することを示している。mAb−1及び/又はmAb−2発現細胞における、高/低ラクテート条件を比較する際に、PKL/Rの発現が異なって制御されたか否かを、次に評価した。PKL/Rの発現量は、mAb−1及びmAb−2細胞株の両方において、高/低ラクテート条件にて同等であり(タンパク質の量を、内部対照としてのアクチンに対して正規化すると)、このことは、これらの細胞株において、ラクトジェニック挙動との相関がないことを示している(図3B〜3D)。図3Cにおける、7及び10日目における、mAb−2高ラクテートサンプルにおける少量のPKL/Rは、同じレーンでの低量のアクチン(ローディング対照として)により反映された、全体のタンパク質ローディングが低いことが原因であった。PKアイソフォームの他に、細胞増殖シグナル伝達及び解糖経路に関与するいくつかの異なるタンパク質の発現もまた、分析した。しかし、タンパク質の発現と、mAb−1又はmAb−2発現細胞株にて観察されたラクトジェニック挙動との間に、明確な相関はないことが観察された(データは図示せず)。異なるPKアイソフォームが、選択したCHO宿主細胞にて発現したという事実は、これらの細胞株が、PKの1つ以上のアイソフォームの標的欠損を許容することができる場合がある、ということを示唆した。産生期中に観察された、mAb−1及びmAb−2細胞株のラクトジェニック挙動と、PKM−1量との直接相関により、この酵素は、標的欠損の良好な候補となった。
PKM遺伝子は、PKM−1及びPKM−2酵素の両方の発現を担い、これらは、それぞれエクソン9又はエクソン10を代替的に含むことだけが異なる。選択したCHO細胞株は、配列決定されていない、又は注釈を付けられていないため、PKM対立遺伝子型、遺伝子コピー数、又は配列に関する情報を入手することはできなかった。それ故、PKM−1遺伝子の発現をなくすため、公開されているデータベースにて利用可能なCHO配列を使用して、エクソン9に隣接するイントロン領域を標的化するガイドRNA構築物を設計した(Kent et al.2002,Genome Res.12(6):996−1006)。5’スクリーニングPCRプライマーを、エクソン8と9の間のイントロン領域に一致するように設計し、3’スクリーニングPCRプライマーを、一致したエクソン10に対して設計した(図4A)。選択したCHO宿主のmRNA由来のPKM cDNAの増幅及び配列決定に基づき、エクソンの配列情報を入手した。mAb−2発現細胞株にCas9、及び様々なgRNA構築物をトランスフェクションした。最初のスクリーニングの後、最も効率的なエクソン9の標的化を示すプールを、単一細胞クローニングに通した。このプールの20個の細胞株を、エクソン−9の標的欠損のためにスクリーニングし、2つのヘテロ接合(HET−3及びHET−18)、並びに2つのノックアウト(KO−2及びKO−15)細胞株を、標的化した対立遺伝子の欠損が、PCR及び配列決定により完全に確認されたものについて同定した(図4B及び4C)。これらの細胞株の培養液を次に、バイオリアクターでの更なる評価のために拡大した。標的化した対立遺伝子の配列決定により、選択した全ての細胞株における、エクソン9の欠損が確認された(図4C)。3つの細胞株(KO−2、HET−3、及びHET−18)は、5’及び3’gRNA標的化部位にて、正確なエクソン9の欠損を有した(図4C)。KO−15細胞株に関しては、標的化対立遺伝子のPCRサイズは、他の細胞株で観察されたものより小さかった(図4B)。配列決定分析により、5’gRNAの上流の122塩基対(bp)が、KO−15細胞株にて欠損し、部分的に、無関係の挿入で置換されたが確認された(図4C、及びデータは図示せず)。この領域における欠損は、エクソン8と9の間のイントロンの一体性に影響を及ぼし得る。これに関係なく、配列決定分析によると、エクソン9は選択した全ての細胞株にて完全に欠損していた。
いくつかの(HET)、又は全ての(KO)対立遺伝子、及びWT mAb−2株における、エクソン−9の欠損を有する4つのmAb−2細胞株を全て源にし、AMBRバイオリアクターにおける、14日間の産生培養をセットアップした。PKM−1 KO、HET及びWT細胞株の増殖及び生存能を、図5A及び5Bに示す。PKM−1 HET又はmAb−2株は、WT mAb−2細胞株の力価及び特異的産生能と、比較的同じ力価及び特異的産生能を有した(図5C及び5D)。PKM−1 KO(KO−2及びKO−15)、並びに、HET mAb−2細胞株の1つ(HET−3)は、対照(ラクトジェニック)条件にて培養した際に、WT mAb−2細胞株(図5E)と比較して、非常に少ないラクテート量を有した。一方で、HET−18株は、10日目まで、WT mAb−2と比較して、同様のラクトジェニック挙動を示した。10日後、WT mAb−2株におけるラクテートの蓄積速度は増加し、14日目までに、HET−18株と比較しておよそ2倍になった(図5E)。
CHO細胞培養液におけるラクトジェニック挙動は、塩基を添加して、培養液のpH、負に影響を及ぼす生存能、VCC、及び最終的な産生力価を調節することの結果として、培養液の酸性化、及び高い浸透圧モル濃度を引き起こす可能性がある(Li et al.,2010,MAbs 2(5):466−79)。ラクテートの生成は、Warburg効果として一般に知られる挙動である好気的解糖により生じ(Warburg,1956,Science 123(3191):309−14)、多くの培養細胞、及び癌細胞にて観察される。これらの細胞は、解糖プロセスを利用してエネルギーを産生し、様々なエネルギー、及び代謝フラックスに応じて、このプロセスを制御する(Mulukutla et al.,2014,PLoS One 9(6):e98756;Mulukutla et al.2010,Trends Biotechnol.28(9):476−84;Luo et al.,2012,Biotechnol.Bioeng.109(1):146−56;Ahn and Antoniewicz,2012,Biotechnol.J.7(l):61−74)。いくつかのラクトジェニック挙動は、プロセス改変により制御することができる(Luo et al.,2012,Biotechnol.Bioeng.109(1):146−56;Gagnon et al.,2011,Biotechnol.Bioeng.108(6):1328−37)ものの、これらのアプローチは、観察された挙動の根本的原因を明らかにはしなかった。CHO宿主におけるラクトジェニック挙動をよりよく理解するために、供給法又は培養液のpHのいずれかを変更することによりラクトジェニック挙動を調整可能である、mAb−1又はmAb−2を発現する2つのラクトジェニック細胞株を同定した。ラクトジェニック挙動との可能性のある相関を描写するために、これらの独立して誘導した細胞株を、細胞増殖シグナル伝達又は解糖経路に関与するタンパク質及び酵素のパネルを分析する際のツールとして利用した。これらの知見により、mAb−1及びmAb−2細胞株の両方における、PKM−1発現とラクトジェニック挙動との直接相関が明らかとなった(図1D〜1F、及び2D〜2F)。
PKM遺伝子又はPKM−1遺伝子をCHO−K1M細胞株にてノックアウトし、1つのPKM KO宿主細胞株、及び4つのPKM−1 KO宿主細胞株を作製した。標的組み込みにより、mAb−3をコードする導入遺伝子をWT CHO−K1M、PKM KO、及びPKM−1 KO宿主細胞株に導入し、同じ宿主細胞株からmAb−3を発現する3つのWTプール、同じ宿主細胞株からmAb−3を発現する3つのPKM KOプール、及び、4つの異なる宿主細胞株からmAb−3を発現する4つのPKM−1 KOプールを作製した。
PKM KO宿主細胞を作製するためのgRNAは、以下の配列を有した:
5’−gRNA:CCCATCACGGCCCGCAACAC(配列番号42、PKM遺伝子のエクソン2内の領域を標的化)
3’−gRNA:CTTCTTCAAGACGGGGGATG(配列番号43、PKM遺伝子のエクソン12内の領域を標的化)
Claims (84)
- ラクトジェニック活性が低下した又は除去された哺乳動物細胞であって、ピルビン酸キナーゼ筋(PKM)ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックダウン又はノックアウトされており、前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームがPKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォームを含む、哺乳動物細胞。
- PKM−2ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックダウン又はノックアウトされている、請求項2に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記細胞がCHO細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 目的の生成物をコードする核酸配列を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記目的の生成物がタンパク質を含む、請求項4に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記目的の生成物が組み換えタンパク質を含む、請求項4又は5に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記目的の生成物が抗体又はその抗原結合断片を含む、請求項4〜6のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記抗体が多重特異性抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、請求項7に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記抗体が、単一の重鎖配列及び単一の軽鎖配列、又はそれらの抗原結合断片からなる、請求項7に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記抗体がキメラ抗体、ヒト抗体、又はヒト化抗体を含む、請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体を含む、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記核酸配列が、標的化された位置において前記哺乳動物細胞の細胞ゲノムに組み込まれている、請求項4〜11のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞の細胞ゲノムに無作為に組み込まれた前記目的の生成物をコードする核酸を更に含む、請求項12に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性が参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性の約50%未満である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性が参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性の約20%未満である、請求項14に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記参照細胞が、PKM遺伝子の野生型対立遺伝子を含む細胞である、請求項14又は15に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、産生期の14日目又は15日目に測定される、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が、産生期の間に約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを産生する、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が、産生期の間に振盪フラスコ内で約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを産生する、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が、産生期の間にバイオリアクター内で約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを産生する、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞。
- 配列番号39〜41からなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド配列、又は、配列番号37及び38に記載のヌクレオチド配列を含むPKM遺伝子の対立遺伝子を含む哺乳動物細胞。
- 請求項1〜21のいずれか一項に記載の哺乳動物細胞を含む組成物。
- ピルビン酸キナーゼ筋(PKM)ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現をノックダウン又はノックアウトすることを含む、細胞におけるラクトジェニック活性を低下させる又は除去する方法。
- 細胞におけるラクトジェニック活性を低下させる又は除去する方法であって、前記細胞に遺伝子組み換えシステムを投与することを含み、前記遺伝子組み換えシステムがピルビン酸キナーゼ筋(PKM)ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現をノックダウン又はノックアウトする、方法。
- 前記遺伝子組み換えシステムが、CRISPR/Casシステム、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)システム、転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)システム、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子組み換えシステムがCRISPR/Cas9システムである、請求項24又は25に記載の方法。
- 前記CRISPR/Cas9システムが
(a)Cas9分子、及び
(b)PKM遺伝子内の標的配列に対して相補的な標的化配列を含む、1つ以上のガイドRNA(gRNA)
を含む、請求項26に記載の方法。 - 前記標的配列が、前記PKM遺伝子の一部、前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン9に隣接する5’イントロン領域、前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン9に隣接する3’イントロン領域、前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン10に隣接する3’イントロン領域、前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン1内の領域、前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン2内の領域、前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン12内の領域、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上のgRNAが
(i)(1)前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン9に隣接する5’イントロン領域に対して相補的な標的配列を含む第1のgRNA;及び(2)前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン9に隣接する3’イントロン領域に対して相補的な標的ドメインを含む第2のgRNA、又は
(ii)(1)前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン2内の領域に対して相補的な標的配列を含む第1のgRNA;及び(2)前記PKM遺伝子のエクソン12内の領域に対して相補的な標的ドメインを含む第2のgRNA
を含む、請求項27又は28に記載の方法。 - 前記1つ以上のgRNAが、配列番号33〜34及び42〜43からなる群から選択される配列、並びにこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項27〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックアウトされ、前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性と比較して除去されている、又は低下している、請求項23〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックダウンされ、前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性と比較して低下している、請求項23〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、前記参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性の約50%未満である、請求項31又は32に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、前記参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性の約20%未満である、請求項31又は32に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、産生期の14日目又は15日目に測定される、請求項23〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、産生期の間に約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを生成する、請求項23〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、産生期の間に振盪フラスコ内で約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを生成する、請求項23〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、産生期の間にバイオリアクター内で約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを生成する、請求項23〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記参照細胞が、前記PKM遺伝子の野生型対立遺伝子を含む細胞である、請求項31〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームがPKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォームである、請求項23〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームがPKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォーム及びPKM−2ポリペプチドアイソフォームである、請求項23〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子組み換えシステムが、ショートヘアピンRNA(shRNA)、低分子干渉RNA(siRNA)、及びマイクロRNA(miRNA)からなる群から選択されるRNAを含み、前記RNAが、前記PKM遺伝子により発現するmRNAの一部に対して相補的である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記PKM遺伝子により発現される前記mRNAが、PKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォームをコードする、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 前記PKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックアウト又はノックダウンされ、前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性と比較して低下している、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子組み換えシステムが、shRNA、siRNA、及びマイクロRNA miRNAからなる群から選択される第2のRNAを更に含み、前記第2のRNAが、PKM−2ポリペプチドアイソフォームをコードする前記PKM遺伝子により発現するmRNAの一部に対して相補的である、請求項42〜44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PKM−1及びPKM−2ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現がノックアウト又はノックダウンされ、前記細胞のラクトジェニック活性が低下した、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子組み換えシステムが、ジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)システム又は転写活性化因子様エフェクターヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)システムである、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が哺乳動物細胞である、請求項23〜47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞がCHO細胞である、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が目的の生成物を発現する、請求項23〜49のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞により発現した前記目的の生成物が核酸配列によりコードされる、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸配列が、標的化された位置において前記細胞の細胞ゲノムに組み込まれる、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞により発現した前記目的の生成物が、前記哺乳動物細胞の細胞ゲノムに無作為に組み込まれた核酸配列により更にコードされる、請求項50〜52のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物がタンパク質を含む、請求項50〜53のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物が組み換えタンパク質を含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物が抗体又はその抗原結合断片を含む、請求項50〜55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が多重特異性抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、単一の重鎖配列及び単一の軽鎖配列、又はそれらの抗原結合断片からなる、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がキメラ抗体、ヒト抗体、又はヒト化抗体である、請求項56〜58のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項56〜59のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 目的の生成物の作製方法であって、前記目的の生成物を発現する哺乳動物細胞を培養することを含み、前記哺乳動物細胞が前記目的の生成物を発現し、低下した又は除去されたラクトジェニック活性を有する、方法。
- 目的の生成物を発現する哺乳動物細胞の集団の培養方法であって、前記哺乳動物細胞が、低下した又は除去されたラクトジェニック活性を有する、方法。
- 前記ラクトジェニック活性の低下又は除去が、前記哺乳動物細胞におけるピルビン酸キナーゼ筋(PKM)ポリペプチドアイソフォームの発現のノックアウト又はノックダウンにより生じる、請求項61又は62に記載の方法。
- 前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームがPKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォームである、請求項63に記載の方法。
- 前記PKMポリペプチドアイソフォームがPKM−1ポリペプチドアイソフォーム又はPKM−2ポリペプチドアイソフォームである、請求項63に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性の約50%未満である、請求項61〜65のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、参照細胞のラクトジェニック活性の約20%未満である、請求項61〜65のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞のラクトジェニック活性が、産生期の14日目又は15日目に測定される、請求項61〜67のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が、産生期の間に約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを産生する、請求項61〜68のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が、産生期の間に振盪フラスコ内で約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを産生する、請求項61〜68のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞が、産生期の間にバイオリアクター内で約2.0g/L未満のラクテートを産生する、請求項61〜68のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記参照細胞が、PKM遺伝子の少なくとも1つ又は両方の野生型対立遺伝子を含む細胞である、請求項66〜71のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞がCHO細胞である、請求項61〜72のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物細胞により発現した前記目的の生成物が核酸配列によりコードされる、請求項61〜73のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸配列が、標的化された位置において前記哺乳動物細胞の細胞ゲノムに組み込まれている、請求項74に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞により発現した前記目的の生成物が、前記哺乳動物細胞の細胞ゲノムに無作為に組み込まれた核酸配列により更にコードされる、請求項61〜75のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物がタンパク質を含む、請求項61〜76のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物が組み換えタンパク質を含む、請求項61〜77のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物が抗体又はその抗原結合断片を含む、請求項61〜79のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗体が多重特異性抗体又はその抗原結合断片である、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体が、単一の重鎖配列及び単一の軽鎖配列、又はそれらの抗原結合断片からなる、請求項79に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がキメラ抗体、ヒト抗体、又はヒト化抗体である、請求項79〜81のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項79〜82のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記目的の生成物を回収することを更に含む、請求項61〜83のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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TW202003839A (zh) | 2020-01-16 |
JP2023040016A (ja) | 2023-03-22 |
CA3091231A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
WO2019191552A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
IL277591A (en) | 2020-11-30 |
AU2019245243A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
MX2020010028A (es) | 2020-10-14 |
KR20230042407A (ko) | 2023-03-28 |
CN111936625A (zh) | 2020-11-13 |
EP3775184A1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
KR20200135510A (ko) | 2020-12-02 |
SG11202009542PA (en) | 2020-10-29 |
US20210009988A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
AR115318A1 (es) | 2020-12-23 |
BR112020019726A2 (pt) | 2021-01-26 |
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