JP2021196129A - Adsorption type heat pump system and cold heat generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an adsorption type heat pump system and a cold generation method that can perform high-efficiency cold generation utilizing sunlight.SOLUTION: There are provided: an adsorption type heat pump system 100 comprising an evaporator 20 which generates cold heat as an adsorbent vaporizes, a first adsorbing unit 30 which includes a first absorbing material adsorbing the adsorbate vaporizing at the evaporator, a second adsorbing unit 40 which includes a second adsorbing material adsorbing adsorbate desorbed from the first adsorbing material, and a sunlight collector 10 which includes temperature rise auxiliary means for at least one of a heat collection plate absorbing sunlight to rise in temperature, a light collector collecting the sunlight on a heat collection plate, and a heat insulation material insulating radiant heat from the heat collection plate, and can raise the temperature of the heat collection plate to 160°C or higher; and a cold heat generation method using the same.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present disclosure relates to an adsorption heat pump system and a cold heat generation method.

Adsorption-type heat pumps used for air conditioners, refrigeration, freezing, etc. are known by repeating the adsorption / desorption phenomenon between an adsorbent such as silica gel and zeolite and an adsorbent such as water and ammonia to convert it into heat energy.
For example, in Non-Patent Document 1, an adsorption type refrigerator that absorbs and desorbs water vapor using a zeolite-based adsorbent and desorbs the adsorbent using warm water heated to about 60 to 75 ° C. by a solar collector. It has been disclosed.

Further, in Patent Document 1, an evaporator, a first adsorbent, and a second adsorber are provided, and the adsorbent is adsorbed by the first adsorbent, cold heat is generated by the evaporator, and the adsorbent is adsorbed by the first adsorbent. A adsorption type heat pump is disclosed in which the adsorbed heat is adsorbed by a second adsorber and cold heat is generated by the first adsorber.

Patent No. 6065882

Journal of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers 2010. 1 Vol. 113 No.1094

The adsorption type freezer disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 adsorbs water vapor from an evaporator with an adsorbent, then condenses the water vapor desorbed by warm water into a liquid (water), and evaporates the condensed water again. It is a so-called single-stage adsorption type heat pump that returns to the container.
On the other hand, a multi-stage adsorption heat pump that performs suction and desorption multiple times (multi-step) using a plurality of adsorbers as disclosed in Patent Document 1 should be more efficient than a single-stage adsorption heat pump. Can be done.

However, in the multi-stage heat pump, the adsorbent in the subsequent stage needs to use an adsorbent having a higher adsorbing power for the adsorbent than the adsorber in the previous stage, and a higher temperature heat source is required for regeneration (desorption). For example, it is difficult to desorb the adsorbent from the adsorbent in the subsequent stage with warm water heated to 60 to 75 ° C. with a solar collector as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1.
Further, for example, heating the adsorbent with electricity or the like to desorb it hinders the energy saving advantage of the adsorption heat pump in the first place.

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide an adsorption type heat pump system and a cold heat generation method capable of performing cold heat generation with high efficiency by using sunlight.

<1> An evaporator in which the adsorbent evaporates to generate cold heat, and
A first adsorbent containing a first adsorbent that adsorbs the adsorbent evaporated by the evaporator,
A second adsorbent containing a second adsorbent that adsorbs the adsorbent desorbed from the first adsorbent,
A heat collecting plate that is a heating source for heating the second adsorbent and absorbs sunlight to raise the temperature, a concentrator that collects the sunlight on the heat collecting plate, and a heat collecting plate. A solar collector that includes at least one heating assisting means of a heat insulating material that insulates radiant heat and can raise the temperature of the heat collecting plate to 160 ° C. or higher by the sunlight.
Equipped with an adsorption heat pump system.
<2> The adsorption type heat pump system according to <1>, wherein the adsorption capacity of the second adsorber is larger than the adsorption capacity of the first adsorber.
<3> A bypass pipe for bypassing the first adsorbent and connecting the evaporator and the second adsorbent is provided, and the adsorbent desorbed from the second adsorbent is the bypass pipe. The adsorption type heat pump system according to <1> or <2>, which also serves as a condenser that condenses the adsorbent introduced into the evaporator through the above.
<4> At least selected from the group consisting of a heat exchanger that exchanges heat of the evaporator, a heat exchanger that exchanges heat of the first adsorbent, and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat of the second adsorbent. The adsorption heat pump system according to any one of <1> to <3>, comprising one heat exchanger.
<5> The solar collector heats the second adsorbent via at least one heat transfer means selected from the group consisting of a heat exchanger, a heat exchange fluid, a liquid transfer pump, and a heat pipe. <1 > To the adsorption type heat pump system according to any one of <4>.
<6> The adsorption type heat pump system according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the heat collecting plate and the second adsorbent are arranged in the same heat insulating structure including the heat insulating material. ..
<7> The solar collector contains, as the heat insulating material, a selective transmission material that selectively transmits the sunlight to the heat collecting plate, and transmits the selective transmission material as the heat collecting plate. The adsorption type heat pump system according to any one of <1> to <6> having a double optical heat insulating structure, which comprises a selective absorption material that selectively absorbs the above-mentioned sunlight.
<8> The selective transmittance material has an average transmittance of 80% or more and a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / m / K or less in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm.
The selective absorption material has an average absorption rate of 80% or more in the sunlight region, and an average in a wavelength band in which the transmittance of the selective transmittance material is 20% or more in a synchrotron radiation region having a wavelength of more than 2.5 μm to 20 μm. The adsorption type heat pump system according to <7>, which has an emissivity of 60% or less.
<9> Any of <1> to <8>, wherein the first adsorbent is at least one selected from the group consisting of mesoporous silica, Al-MOF, and Zr-MOF, and the second adsorbent is zeolite. One of the adsorption heat pump systems.
<10> Using the adsorption heat pump system according to any one of <1> to <9>,
A step of adsorbing the adsorbent with the first adsorbent to evaporate the adsorbent with the evaporator to generate cold heat.
A step of desorbing the adsorbent from the first adsorbent by adsorbing the adsorbent with the second adsorbent to generate cold heat.
After repeating alternately multiple times,
A cold heat generation method comprising a step of regenerating the second adsorbent by heating the second adsorbent with the solar collector to desorb the adsorbent.
<11> The adsorption type heat pump system includes the bypass pipe according to <3>, and is introduced from the evaporator to the second adsorber through the bypass pipe before the step of regenerating the second adsorbent. The cold heat generation method according to <10>, which comprises a step of adsorbing the adsorbent with the second adsorbent.

According to the present disclosure, there is provided an adsorption type heat pump system and a cold heat generation method capable of performing cold heat generation with high efficiency by using sunlight.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the adsorption type heat pump system of 1st Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the structure of the solar collector in the adsorption type heat pump system of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship of the optical property of the selective transmission material and the selective absorption material which can be used for the solar collector in the adsorption type heat pump system of this disclosure. It is a graph which shows the result of having performed the temperature rise experiment by sunlight using the heat collector which had the double optical insulation structure which superposed the selective transmission material and the selective absorption material in a vacuum vessel. It is a schematic diagram which showed the apparatus structure which performed the temperature rise experiment by sunlight using the heat collector which had the double optical insulation structure which superposed the selective transmission material and the selective absorption material in a vacuum vessel. It is a graph which shows the maximum reached temperature when the composition of a temperature raising means is changed in a solar simulation. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the adsorption type heat pump system of the 2nd Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the heat collector, the second adsorbent (an example of a solar collector) in the adsorption type heat pump system of 2nd Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the positional relationship of the main part of the heat collector / second adsorber shown in FIG. 7 as seen from the incident side of sunlight. It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of the water vapor and the heat exchange fluid in the heat storage mode of the adsorption type heat pump system of the 2nd Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of the water vapor and the heat exchange fluid in the 1st stage output mode of the adsorption type heat pump system of the 2nd Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of the water vapor and the heat exchange fluid in the 2nd stage output mode of the adsorption type heat pump system of the 2nd Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the single-stage adsorption type heat pump system used for the simulation of each temperature change of an evaporator and an adsorber. It is a figure which shows each temperature change of the evaporator and the adsorbent simulated by the single-stage adsorption type heat pump system of the configuration shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the multi-stage adsorption type heat pump system used for the simulation of each temperature change of an evaporator and an adsorber. It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow of water vapor in the simulation using the multi-stage adsorption type heat pump system of the structure shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows each temperature change of the evaporator and the adsorbent simulated by the single-stage adsorption type heat pump system of the configuration shown in FIG. It is a graph which compared the cooling output based on the simulation result of a single-stage suction type heat pump system and the simulation result of a multi-stage suction type heat pump system.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the adsorption heat pump system and the cold heat generation method according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
The adsorption type heat pump system according to the present disclosure includes an evaporator in which the adsorbent evaporates to generate cold heat, a first adsorbent containing a first adsorbent that adsorbs the adsorbent evaporated by the evaporator, and a first adsorbent. It is provided with a second adsorber containing a second adsorbent that adsorbs the adsorbent desorbed from the adsorbent. Further, in the adsorption type heat pump system according to the present disclosure, as a heating source for heating the second adsorber, a heat collecting plate that absorbs sunlight to raise the temperature and a condenser that collects sunlight on the heat collecting plate. And at least one of the heat insulating materials for insulating the heat radiated from the heat collecting plate, the heat collecting plate is provided with a solar collector capable of raising the temperature of the heat collecting plate to 160 ° C. or higher by sunlight.
In the adsorption type heat pump system according to the present disclosure having such a configuration, the adsorbent is adsorbed by the first adsorbent, the adsorbent evaporates by the evaporator to generate cold heat, and the adsorbent is produced by the second adsorbent. By adsorbing, the adsorbent is desorbed from the first adsorbent to generate cold heat, and the second adsorbent is regenerated by heating the second adsorbent with a solar collector to desorb the adsorbent.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a heat pump system according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The adsorption type heat pump system of the first embodiment includes a heat collector 10, an evaporator / condenser 20 that also serves as an evaporator and a condenser, a first adsorber 30, and a second adsorber 40. Further, the heat collector 10, the evaporator / condenser 20, the first adsorber 30, and the second adsorber 40 have heat exchangers 12, 22, 32, and 42 for exchanging heat with the outside by the heat exchange fluid, respectively. It is provided.

(Evaporation / condenser)
The evaporator / condenser 20 has both a function as an evaporator and a function as a condenser. As for the liquid adsorbent contained in the evaporative / condenser 20, the temperature of the liquid (liquid adsorbent) rises (when the pressure of the gas inside the evaporative / condenser 20 decreases (decompressed)). When heated), the adsorbate evaporates, and cold heat is generated at that time. Further, the gaseous adsorbent introduced into the evaporator / condenser 20 from the outside is deprived of heat energy, so that the adsorbent is condensed. As the adsorbent, known adsorbents such as water, ammonia and alcohol can be used.
The evaporator / condenser 20 is connected to the first adsorber 30 by a connection pipe 50B. By opening the on-off valve 60B provided in the connecting pipe 50B, the adsorbent can move between the evaporator / condenser 20 and the first adsorbent 30.
Further, the evaporation / condenser 20 is provided with a heat exchanger 22 for performing heat exchange by the heat exchange fluid. The cold heat generated by the evaporator / condenser 20 can be transferred to the outside via the heat exchange fluid flowing through the connecting pipes 24A and 24B connected to the heat exchanger 22. It is also possible to cool the gaseous adsorbent introduced into the evaporator / condenser 20 with the heat exchanger 22 and condense it.

(First adsorber)
The first adsorber 30 contains a first adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing adsorbents. As the first adsorbent, for example, mesoporous silica, Al-MOF, Zr-MOF and the like can be used. Examples of the Zr-MOF include MOF-801.
The first adsorber 30 is connected to the second adsorber 40 via the connection pipe 50C. By opening the on-off valve 60C provided in the connecting pipe 50C, the adsorbent can move between the first adsorber 30 and the second adsorber 40.
Further, the first adsorber 30 is provided with a heat exchanger 32 for performing heat exchange by the heat exchange fluid. The heat generated by the first adsorber 30 can be transferred to the outside via the heat exchange fluid flowing through the connecting pipes 34A and 34B connected to the heat exchanger 32.

(Second adsorber)
The second adsorber 40 contains a second adsorbent capable of adsorbing and desorbing the adsorbent. The second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40 promotes the desorption of the adsorbent from the first adsorbent by adsorbing the adsorbent moving from the first adsorber 30 through the connecting pipe 50C, and the first adsorber 30 is the first. (1) A material whose adsorbent is desorbed by heat at a regeneration temperature higher than that of the adsorbent is selected. The second adsorbent is preferably an adsorbent from which the adsorbent is desorbed by heating at 160 ° C. or higher. As the second adsorbent, for example, zeolite such as Y-type zeolite can be preferably used.
The second adsorber 40 is connected to the evaporator / condenser 20 by a bypass pipe 50A that bypasses the first adsorber 30. By opening the bypass on-off valve 60A provided in the bypass pipe 50A, the adsorbent can move between the second adsorber 40 and the evaporator / condenser 20. By providing a bypass pipe 50A connecting the second adsorber 40 and the evaporator / condenser 20 and moving the adsorbent desorbed by the second adsorber 40 to the evaporator / condenser 20, the second is performed. The adsorber (second adsorbent) can be easily regenerated. Further, the adsorbent of the evaporator / condenser 20 can be moved to the second adsorber 40 through the bypass pipe 50A and adsorbed by the second adsorbent.
Further, the second adsorber 40 is provided with a heat exchanger 42 for performing heat exchange by the heat exchange fluid. The heat generated by the second adsorber 40 can be transferred to the outside via the heat exchange fluid flowing through the connecting pipes 44A and 44B connected to the heat exchanger 42.

The combination of the first adsorbent of the first adsorber 30 and the second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40 makes the desorbed adsorbent with respect to the first equilibrium pressure after the adsorbent is desorbed by the first adsorber. It is preferable that the combination is such that the second equilibrium pressure after adsorbing by the second adsorber 40 is equal to or lower than the first equilibrium pressure. With such a combination, it is possible to reliably perform the operation of adsorbing the adsorbent desorbed by the first adsorber 30 by the second adsorber 40.

Further, it is preferable that the adsorption capacity of the second adsorber 40 is larger than the adsorption capacity of the first adsorber 30. Since the adsorption capacity of the second adsorber 40 is larger than the adsorption capacity of the first adsorber 30, the adsorbent of the first adsorber 30 can be reliably adsorbed by the second adsorber 40.
The reaction mechanism of adsorption and desorption by the first adsorbent and the second adsorbent in the present disclosure is not limited, and for example, the pressure of the system is increased by reacting with the adsorbent at a pressure equal to or lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the adsorbent. It suffices if it can be lowered to the saturated vapor pressure or less. The reaction referred to here includes physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, absorption, chemical reaction and the like.

(Sunlight collector)
The solar collector 10 (sometimes referred to simply as "heat collector" in the present disclosure) is a heating source for heating and regenerating (desorbing) the second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40. be. The heat collector 10 is provided with a heat exchanger 12 for performing heat exchange by the heat exchange fluid. The heat exchanger 12 of the heat collector 10 is connected to the heat exchanger 42 of the second adsorber 40 by the connecting pipes 14A and 14B. By opening the on-off valve 70D provided in the connecting pipe 14A, it is possible to transfer the heat of the heat collector 10 to the second adsorber 40 via the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchangers 12 and 42. A known heat medium can be used as the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchangers 12 and 42. Oils usually having a low boiling point, such as Dowtherm (registered trademark) A (3: 7 mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether), can be used.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the solar collector 10 in the adsorption type heat pump system of the present embodiment. The solar collector 10A shown in FIG. 2 includes a window 56 through which sunlight passes, a selective transmission material 58 that selectively transmits sunlight, a selective absorption material 48 that selectively absorbs sunlight as a light collecting plate, and heat insulation. It is equipped with material 92 and the like.
In the present disclosure, "selectively transmit sunlight" means that the average transmittance in the solar region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm is preferably 80% or more, and “selectively absorbs sunlight”. It is preferable that the average transmittance in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm is 80% or more.

It is preferable that the selective transmittance material 58 has an average transmittance of 80% or more in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm, and has high heat insulating properties against heat emitted from the selective absorbent material. Specifically, the selective transmittance material 58 has an average transmittance of 80% or more and a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / m / K or less in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm. preferable. As the selective transmission material 58, for example, an airgel such as silica airgel or PMSQ airgel, or a transparent resin such as polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) can be preferably used from the viewpoint of light transmission and heat insulating properties.

The selective absorption material 48 is preferably a material having an average absorption rate of 80% or more in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm from the viewpoint of absorbing sunlight as much as possible and converting it into heat energy. For example, a material that exhibits wavelength selectivity in a multilayer film such as TiNOX (registered trademark), a material that exhibits wavelength selectivity by the physical properties of a single material or composite material such as black Ni, black Cr, and book Cu, and surface fineness. Examples thereof include materials that exhibit wavelength selectivity depending on the structure.

Further, in order to improve the heat insulating property of the heat collector 10, it is preferable that the selective absorption material 48 not only has a high absorption rate of sunlight but also has a low emissivity in a wavelength band through which the selective transmission material 58 is easily transmitted. Specifically, the selective absorption material 48 has an average absorption rate of 80% or more in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm, and the selective transmittance material 58 in a radiation region having a wavelength of more than 2.5 μm to 20 μm. When there is a wavelength band in which the transmittance of the light is 20% or more, it is preferable that the average radiation rate in this wavelength band is 60% or less. As the selective absorption material 48, TiNOX (registered trademark) can be particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of high solar absorption rate and low infrared emissivity.

A heat transfer portion 94 and a heat insulating material 92 are arranged on the back surface side of the selective absorption material 48 (the side opposite to the side that receives sunlight).
The heat transfer portion 94 may have a higher thermal conductivity than the heat insulating material 92. Examples of the heat insulating material 92 include a quartz fiber filter and airgel. Examples of the heat transfer unit 94 include heat pipes and metals.

The selective transmission material 58, the selective absorption material 48, the heat transfer portion 94, and the heat insulating material 92 are housed inside the window 56 and the stainless steel housing 90. Further, a vacuum heat insulating portion 98 for constructing a vacuum environment is provided around the selective transmission material 58, the selective absorption material 48, the heat transfer portion 94, and the heat insulating material 92.
A heat exchanger 12 is provided on the back surface side (the side opposite to the light receiving surface) of the solar collector 10A. The heat exchange fluid contact portion 96 of the heat transfer portion 94 of the solar collector 10A is configured to come into contact with the heat exchange fluid inside the heat exchanger 12.

The sunlight transmitted through the window 56 and the selective transmission material 58 is absorbed by the selective absorption material 48 and converted into heat energy to raise the temperature. When silica airgel is used as the selective transmission material 58, sunlight is transmitted, radiant heat from the heated selective absorption material 48 is effectively blocked, and it is difficult to dissipate heat to the light receiving surface side. A so-called double optical heat insulating structure is constructed by the combination of the selective transmission material 58 and the selective absorption material 48 having the above optical characteristics.

A heat insulating material 92 is arranged on the back surface side of the heat transfer portion 94, and the outer periphery thereof is vacuum heat insulating. With such a heat insulating structure, the selective absorption material 48 can be heated to 160 ° C. or higher only by sunlight. The heat generated by the selective absorption material 48 is efficiently transferred to the heat transfer section 94, and further externally via the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchanger 12 via the heat exchange fluid contact section 96, that is, the first. (2) Heat is transferred to the adsorber 40.
The heat transfer means from the heat collector 10 to the second adsorber 40 is not limited, and can be selected from a heat exchanger, a heat exchange fluid, a liquid feed pump, a heat pipe, and the like.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the optical properties of the selective transmission material and the selective absorption material. Selective transmittance material 58 having a solar transmittance of 0.9 and an infrared light transmittance of 0.1, and selective absorption material 48 having a solar absorption rate of 0.9 and an infrared light emission rate of 0.1. In the case of a double optical heat insulating structure in which the above is combined, 0.9 sun of 1 sun of sunlight is transmitted through the selective transmittance material, and 0.81 sun is converted into heat by the selective absorption material. Further, the selective absorption material emits 0.1 black of infrared light, but the selective transmission material hinders the transmission of infrared light, and the radiation loss to the external environment remains at 0.01 black. As a result, the radiation loss can be suppressed to about 1/100. Further, by combining such double optical heat insulation and vacuum heat insulation, the temperature can be raised extremely efficiently.

FIG. 4A shows the results of a temperature rise experiment using sunlight using a heat collector having a double optical insulation structure in which a selective transmission material (silica airgel) and a selective absorption material (TiNOX) are layered in a vacuum vessel. It is a graph. The heat collector used in the experiment has the schematic configuration shown in FIG. 4B, and the selective transmission material (silica airgel) is arranged on the light receiving surface side of the selective absorption material (TiNOX) and heat insulating on the back surface side. A selective transmission material (silica airgel) and a glass fiber filter are arranged as materials. It was confirmed that the heat collector having such a configuration raises the temperature to 275 ° C. in the vicinity of the selective absorption material without condensing sunlight (FIG. 4A).

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the maximum temperature reached when a temperature rise experiment is performed by a solar simulator by changing the configuration of the temperature rise means as follows.
Configuration number 1: Black material + Selective permeation material Configuration number 2: Selective absorption material + Selective transmission material Configuration number 3: Selective absorption material + Vacuum insulation Configuration number 4: Selective absorption material + Selective transmission material + Vacuum insulation Here, configuration number 1 The black material in the above is an aluminum plate painted with a black pigment paint.
The temperature can be raised to 160 ° C. or higher by any means, and the temperature can be raised to about 230 ° C. by the double optical heat insulation (configuration number 2) alone, and the temperature can be efficiently raised to a high temperature by the double optical heat insulation. I understand.

Next, a method of generating cold heat using the adsorption type heat pump system 100 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. In the following, on-off valves other than the on-off valve specified as "open valve" are closed.

(Evaporation / generation of cold heat in the condenser)
By opening the on-off valve 60B with the liquid adsorbent contained in the evaporator / condenser 20, the adsorbate evaporated in the evaporator / condenser 20 moves to the first adsorbent 30 through the connection pipe 50B. It is adsorbed by one adsorber 30. Due to the adsorption in the first adsorber 30, the evaporation / condenser 20 is depressurized. In the decompressed evaporation / condenser 20, the adsorbent evaporates, and cold heat is generated by the latent heat of vaporization. The on-off valve 70A is opened, the heat exchange fluid at room temperature is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 from the connection pipe 24A to exchange heat, and then the heat is discharged from the connection pipe 24B to dissipate the cold heat generated by the evaporation / condenser 20. It can be taken out.
On the other hand, the heat generated as heat of adsorption by the first adsorber 30 is taken out to the outside by supplying a heat exchange fluid at room temperature to the heat exchanger 32 and exchanging heat. The heat taken out to the outside may be used for heating or the like.
The supply and discharge of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchanger 22 is forcibly circulated by a pump (not shown) via the connection pipes 24A and 24B, and the on-off valve is driven by driving the pump (not shown). It can be configured to open 70A. The supply and discharge of the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchangers 32 and 42, and the opening of the on-off valves 70B and 70C can be configured in the same manner.

(Cold heat generation in the first adsorber)
When the adsorption becomes saturated in the first adsorber 30, the on-off valve 60B is closed and the on-off valve 60C is opened to regenerate (detach) the first adsorbent.
The second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40 has a higher adsorption force for the adsorbent than the first adsorbent of the first adsorber 30, and the first adsorber of the first adsorber 30 due to the adsorption capacity of the second adsorbent. The adsorbent adsorbed on the material is desorbed, moves to the second adsorber 40 through the connection pipe 50C, and is adsorbed on the second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40. As a result, the pressure of the first adsorber 30 is reduced. Then, in the first adsorber 30, cold heat is generated by desorption, and the first adsorbent is regenerated. By opening the on-off valve 70B and supplying a heat exchange fluid at room temperature to the heat exchanger 32 to perform heat exchange, cold heat can be taken out from the first adsorber 30.
On the other hand, the heat generated as heat of adsorption by the second adsorber 40 is taken out to the outside by supplying a heat exchange fluid at room temperature to the heat exchanger 42 and performing heat exchange.

(Evaporation by the second adsorber / adsorption of adsorbent from the condenser)
When "generation of cold heat in the evaporation / condenser" and "generation of cold heat in the first adsorber" are alternately repeated, the evaporation rate and the adsorption rate gradually decrease, and the generation of cold heat and hot heat also decreases. Therefore, after alternately repeating "generation of cold heat in the evaporation / condenser" and "generation of cold heat in the first adsorber", the second adsorber 40 is regenerated, but the cold heat in the first adsorber 30 is regenerated. After generation, the second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40 may not reach the limit adsorption amount. Therefore, the adsorbent of the evaporator may be adsorbed by the second adsorbent before the regeneration of the second adsorbent. After the cold heat is generated in the first adsorber 30, the on-off valve 60C is closed and the bypass on-off valve 60A is opened, so that the adsorbent (gas) in the evaporation / condenser 20 is passed through the bypass pipe 50A to the second adsorber 40. It is introduced into the second adsorbent and is adsorbed by the second adsorbent, and the decompression in the evaporative condenser 20 promotes the evaporation of the adsorbent (liquid) to generate cold heat.
In this way, the adsorbent in the evaporator / condenser 20 is evaporated and adsorbed by the adsorption capacity of the second adsorbent without passing from the second adsorber 40 to the first adsorber 30, and then the second adsorber is used. Reproduction may be performed.

(Regeneration of the second adsorber)
When the adsorption becomes saturated in the second adsorber 40 or the suction force is significantly reduced, the on-off valve 60C is closed and the on-off valves 70D and 60A are opened to regenerate (detach) the second adsorbent. At the same time, the adsorbent is condensed.
In the heat collector 10, the heat collecting plate (selective absorbing material 48) is heated to a high temperature of 160 ° C. or higher by absorbing sunlight, and the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchanger 12 is similarly heated. The heat exchange fluid of the heat exchanger 12 heated to a high temperature by the heat collector 10 is circulated through the connecting tubes 14A and 14B to the heat exchanger 42 of the second aspirator 40 to perform the second adsorption of the second aspirator 40. The material is heated to a high temperature and the adsorbent is desorbed. As a result, the second adsorbent of the second adsorber 40 is regenerated.

The adsorbent desorbed from the second adsorbent moves to the evaporator / condenser 20 via the bypass pipe 50A. The adsorbent that has moved from the second adsorber 40 to the evaporative / condenser 20 is cooled by supplying a heat exchange fluid at room temperature to the heat exchanger 22 and performing heat exchange, and is condensed into a liquid.

When the regeneration (detachment) of the second adsorbent is completed, for example, if the pipes 14A and 14B are of a method in which the heat exchange fluid automatically circulates like a loop heat pipe, the on-off valve 70D is closed and the on-off valve is closed. The valve of 70C is opened, and heat exchange fluid at room temperature is supplied to the heat exchanger 42 to perform heat exchange. As a result, the heat of the high-temperature heat exchange fluid supplied from the heat exchanger 12 for the heat collector 10 to the heat exchanger 42 for the second adsorber 40 is taken out to the outside.
When the heat exchange fluid is forcibly circulated in the pipes 14A and 14B by a pump (not shown) or the like, the second adsorber 40 is stopped by turning off the pump or the like to stop the circulation of the heat exchange fluid. Playback (detachment) may be terminated.
Further, the regeneration (detachment) of the second adsorber 40 may be completed by blocking the irradiation of the heat collector 10 with sunlight by a shutter (not shown) or the like.

The adsorption capacity of the second adsorber 40 is made larger than that of the first adsorber 30, and the above-mentioned "generation of cold heat in the evaporation / condenser" and "generation of cold heat in the first adsorber" are alternately repeated. After the cold heat is generated in the first adsorber, the adsorbent in the evaporator / condenser 20 is continuously adsorbed by the second adsorber 40 without passing through the first adsorber 30, so that the cold heat is continuously generated. Can be taken out and used for air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, etc.
When the adsorption in the second adsorber 40 is saturated and the adsorption cannot be performed, or when the amount of adsorption is significantly reduced, "regeneration of the second adsorber" is performed.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the adsorption type heat pump system of the second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. In the second embodiment, the same components, members, and the like as in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the adsorption type heat pump system according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. Similar to the first embodiment, the adsorption type heat pump system 200 shown in FIG. 6 includes an evaporator / condenser 20 and a first adsorber 30 which also serve as an evaporator and a condenser. Further, the adsorption type heat pump system 200 includes a heat collector / second adsorber 50 in which a heat collector and a second adsorber are integrated. The evaporation / condenser 20, the first adsorber 30, and the heat collector / second adsorbent 50 are provided with heat exchangers 22, 32, and 52 for heat exchange by the heat medium fluid, respectively.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the configuration of the heat collector / second adsorbent 50 (an example of a solar collector) in the adsorption type heat pump system of the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship of the main portion of the heat collector / second adsorber 50 shown in FIG. 7 as viewed from the incident side of sunlight.
The heat collector / second adsorber 50 includes a light collector 61 such as a mirror and a lens, a holding plate 66 formed of PEEK (polyether ether ketone), a transparent window 56, and selective transmission from the side that receives sunlight. Silica airgel 58A, selective absorption material 48, honeycomb structure second adsorbent 46, heat exchanger 42, silica airgel 58B as heat insulating material are arranged as materials, and silica airgel 58C, 58D are also arranged as heat insulating materials around them. There is.
The silica airgel 58A as the selective permeation material also serves as a heat insulating material, and the silica airgel 58A, 58B, 58C, 58D constitutes a heat insulating container (heat insulating structure) 69. The silica airgels 58C and 58D constituting the side wall of the heat insulating container 69 are formed with holes 64 for passing adsorbents such as water vapor and holes 68C and 68D for passing the pipes 54A and 54B of the heat exchanger 52. .. The selective absorption material 48, the second adsorbent 46, and the heat exchanger 42 are housed in such a heat insulating container 69.

Further, the heat insulating container 69 is housed in a vacuum container 71 composed of a window 56 and a container 62 formed of PEEK or the like. The window 56 is arranged between the holding plate 66 and the upper edge of the container 62, and the holding plate 66 is fixed to the upper edge of the container 62 by bolts 54. Further, an O-ring 51 is interposed between the window 56 and the upper edge of the container 62 to seal the container 62. A space 73 is provided between the heat insulating container 69 and the vacuum container 71 to supply or remove the adsorbent through the connecting pipes 50C and 50A. The space 73 is depressurized by a vacuum pump (not shown).

In this way, by integrating the heat collector and the second adsorber, the vacuum container and the heat insulating structure can be shared, the number of parts can be reduced, and the structure can be simplified.
Further, in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, heat is transferred from the heat collector 10 to the second adsorber 40 by using the heat exchangers 12 and 42 and the heat transport medium (heat exchange fluid). In this case, heat is transferred from the pipes 14A, 14B, etc. to air and other parts, causing heat loss.
On the other hand, by integrating the heat collector and the second adsorber as in the second embodiment, it is not necessary to provide a heat transport mechanism between the heat collector and the second adsorber. Therefore, the cause of heat loss is reduced, and the efficiency is expected to be improved accordingly.

The adsorption heat pump system 200 shown in FIG. 7 efficiently heats the selective absorption material 48 to a high temperature of 160 ° C. or higher, 200 ° C. or higher, or 300 ° C. or higher by using a condenser 61, a double optical insulation container 69, and vacuum insulation. The temperature can be raised. Further, since the selective absorbent material 48, the second adsorbent 46 and the heat exchanger 42 are arranged in an overlapping state in the heat insulating container 69 capable of introducing and discharging the adsorbent, they are introduced into the heat insulating container 69. It is also possible to efficiently absorb and desorb the adsorbent and exchange heat with the second adsorbent 46. The positions of the second adsorbent 46 and the heat exchanger 42 may be reversed.

Next, a method of generating cold heat using the adsorption type heat pump system 200 shown in FIG. 6 will be described.
9A-9C are schematic views showing the flow of water vapor and heat exchange fluid in each operation mode of the adsorption type heat pump system of the second embodiment using water W as an adsorbent. In FIGS. 9A to 9C, the on-off valve in the closed state is shown according to the situation, and the on-off valve in the opened state is not shown. The temperature in the figure is an example.

A mode: Heat storage mode The heat collector / second adsorber 50 is irradiated with sunlight, the temperature of the selective absorption material rises to 160 ° C. or higher, and water vapor is desorbed from the second adsorbent. As shown in FIG. 9A, by opening the bypass on-off valve 60A, water vapor moves to the evaporator / condenser 20 through the bypass pipe 50A. The water vapor transferred to the evaporator / condenser 20 is cooled by the heat exchange fluid at room temperature supplied to the heat exchanger 22, and is condensed and contained as a liquid (water).

B mode: 1st stage output mode As shown in FIG. 9B, by closing the bypass on-off valve 60A and opening the on-off valve 60B, the water vapor existing in the evaporator / condenser 20 is transferred to the first adsorber 30. It moves and is adsorbed. When water vapor is adsorbed by the first adsorber 30, the evaporation of water is promoted by the internal decompression of the evaporator / condenser 20, and cold heat is generated. The cold heat generated by the evaporator / condenser 20 is taken out to the outside via the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchanger 22.

C mode: Second stage output mode As shown in FIG. 9C, the on-off valve 60B is closed and the on-off valve 60C is opened. Water vapor is desorbed from the first adsorber 30, moves to the heat collector / second adsorber 50, and is adsorbed on the second adsorbent. As a result, the first adsorber 30 generates cold heat due to desorption. The cold heat generated by the heat collector / second adsorber 50 is taken out to the outside via the heat exchange fluid flowing through the heat exchanger 52.

Each of the above modes is set to, for example, A mode during the day when the sun is shining, and B → C → B → C ... Is repeated at night until the second adsorbent cannot adsorb. By setting such an operation mode, cold heat can be alternately taken out from the evaporator / condenser 20 and the first adsorber 30 to continuously supply cold water or cold air to the external device.
Further, also in the second embodiment, the B mode and the C mode are repeated to make the final C mode, and then the adsorbent in the evaporator / condenser 20 is collected through the bypass pipe 50A without passing through the first adsorber 30. The second adsorbent may be regenerated in the A mode after being moved to the heat / second adsorber 50 and adsorbed to generate cold heat in the evaporation / condenser 20.

<Comparison between single-stage adsorption heat pump system and multi-stage adsorption heat pump system>
To compare the cold heat generation capacity of the single-stage adsorption heat pump system and the multi-stage adsorption heat pump system, using Al-MOF as the first adsorbent of the first adsorber 30 and zeolite 13X as the adsorbent of the second adsorber 40, respectively. , Simulation was performed.

(Simulation by single-stage adsorption heat pump system)
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a single-stage adsorption heat pump system used for simulating each temperature change of the evaporator and the adsorber. In a configuration that doubles as a heat collector and an adsorber, a contact thermal resistance simulation layer is placed as the thermal resistance between the adsorbent and the heat exchanger, and simulation is performed under the condition that the water vapor of the evaporator / condenser is adsorbed by the adsorbent. gone. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing each temperature change of the evaporator and the adsorber simulated by the single-stage adsorption type heat pump system. At the beginning of operation, the evaporator generated cold heat and the adsorber generated hot heat, and the temperature difference was large, but the temperature difference became smaller with time, and the temperature of the evaporator and the temperature of the adsorber became almost the same level. .. At first, since the adsorbent is empty, a large adsorption rate and evaporation rate occur, and the temperature rises and decreases with it. As the adsorbent gradually approaches the equilibrium adsorption amount, the adsorption rate and evaporation rate decrease, and the heat exchanger is based on the premise that the heat exchange fluid at room temperature always flows and is maintained at a constant temperature. It is considered that the heat and cold heat are not generated and both reach the temperature of the heat exchanger.

(Simulation by multi-stage adsorption heat pump system)
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a multi-stage adsorption heat pump system used for simulating each temperature change of the evaporator and the adsorber. The configuration is equipped with an evaporator / condenser, a first adsorber, and a heat collector / second adsorber, and both the first adsorber and the heat collector / second adsorber serve as thermal resistance between the adsorbent and the heat exchanger. The contact heat resistance simulated layer was arranged. Al-MOF was used as the first adsorbent of the first adsorber, and zeolite 13X was used as the second adsorbent of the second adsorber. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of water vapor in a simulation using the multi-stage adsorption heat pump system having the configuration shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13, the mode in which water (adsorbent) moves from the evaporative / condenser to the first adsorbent and is adsorbed on the first adsorbent, and the heat collector / second adsorber from the first adsorber. The simulation was performed under the condition that the mode of moving to and being adsorbed by the second adsorbent was repeated alternately.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing temperature changes of the evaporator and the adsorber simulated by the multi-stage adsorption heat pump system having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is the temperature of the evaporator / condenser in the B mode, and 2 is the temperature of the first adsorber in the B mode. 3 indicates the temperature of the first adsorber in the C mode, and 4 indicates the temperature of the second adsorber in the C mode. As shown in FIG. 14, it can be seen that cold heat can be taken out with high efficiency by alternately repeating the B mode and the C mode.

FIG. 15 is a graph comparing the cooling outputs calculated based on the results of each simulation. The cooling capacity of the multi-stage adsorption heat pump system is more than twice the cooling capacity of the single-stage adsorption heat pump system, and it can be seen that the efficiency is high.

Although the adsorption type heat pump system of the first embodiment and the second embodiment has been described above, the adsorption type heat pump system according to the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments.
For example, in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the configuration is provided with an evaporator / condenser that also serves as an evaporator and a condenser and a bypass pipe, but the bypass pipe is not provided and the evaporator and the condenser are provided. It may be provided separately. For example, a condenser is placed between the second adsorbent and the evaporator, and the adsorbent desorbed from the second adsorber is moved to the condenser, cooled by the heat exchanger, condensed, and then moved to the evaporator. You may let it.

Further, the adsorbent of the second adsorbent may be adsorbed on the first adsorber when the second adsorber is regenerated.
Further, the solar collector is not limited to a combination of the selective transmission material and the selective absorption material as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 7, for example, a black material is used as the heat collector plate and combined with vacuum insulation. It may be a heat collector capable of raising the temperature to 160 ° C. or higher.

Further, a plurality of first adsorbers may be provided and arranged in parallel with respect to the connection direction with the evaporator and the second adsorber. Different processes can be performed by the plurality of first adsorbers arranged in parallel in this way. For example, a specific first adsorber may adsorb the adsorbent of the evaporator, and another first adsorber may desorb and adsorb the adsorbent of the second adsorber.

10,10A Solar collector 12, 22, 32, 42, 52 Heat exchanger 20 Evaporator 30 First adsorber 40 Second adsorber 46 Second adsorbent 48 Selective absorption material (example of heat collector plate) )
50 Heat collector / second adsorber 50A Bypass piping 56 Window 58 Selective transmission material 58A, 58B, 58C, 58D Silica airgel 60A Bypass on-off valve 60B On-off valve 60C On-off valve 61 Condenser 62 Container 64 Hole 66 Suppressor plate 68C, 68D Hole 69 Insulation container 70A On-off valve 70B On-off valve 70C On-off valve 70D On-off valve 71 Vacuum container 73 Space 90 Housing 92 Insulation material 94 Heat transfer part 96 Heat exchange fluid contact part 100 Suction type heat pump system 200 Suction type heat pump system W Water ( Example of adsorbent)

Claims (11)

An evaporator in which the adsorbent evaporates to generate cold heat,
A first adsorbent containing a first adsorbent that adsorbs the adsorbent evaporated by the evaporator,
A second adsorbent containing a second adsorbent that adsorbs the adsorbent desorbed from the first adsorbent,
A heat collecting plate that is a heating source for heating the second adsorbent and absorbs sunlight to raise the temperature, a concentrator that collects the sunlight on the heat collecting plate, and a heat collecting plate. A solar collector that includes at least one heating assisting means of a heat insulating material that insulates radiant heat and can raise the temperature of the heat collecting plate to 160 ° C. or higher by the sunlight.
Equipped with an adsorption heat pump system. The adsorption type heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption capacity of the second adsorber is larger than the adsorption capacity of the first adsorber. A bypass pipe for bypassing the first adsorbent and connecting the evaporator and the second adsorbent is provided, and the adsorbent desorbed from the second adsorbent is evaporated through the bypass pipe. The adsorption type heat pump system according to claim 1 or 2, which also serves as a condenser that condenses the adsorbent introduced into the vessel. At least one heat selected from the group consisting of a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of the evaporator, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of the first adsorbent, and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of the second adsorbent. The suction heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a exchanger. Claims 1 to claim that the solar collector heats the second adsorbent via at least one heat transfer means selected from the group consisting of a heat exchanger, a heat exchange fluid, a liquid feed pump and a heat pipe. Item 4. The adsorption heat pump system according to any one of Item 4. The adsorption type heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat collecting plate and the second adsorbent are arranged in the same heat insulating structure including the heat insulating material. The solar collector contains, as the heat insulating material, a selective transmissive material that selectively transmits the sunlight through the heat collector plate, and as the heat collector plate, the sun that has permeated the selective transmissive material. The adsorption heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a selective absorption material that selectively absorbs light. The selective transmittance material has an average transmittance of 80% or more and a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / m / K or less in the sunlight region having a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm.
The selective absorption material has an average absorption rate of 80% or more in the sunlight region, and an average in a wavelength band in which the transmittance of the selective transmittance material is 20% or more in a synchrotron radiation region having a wavelength of more than 2.5 μm to 20 μm. The adsorption heat pump system according to claim 7, wherein the emissivity is 60% or less. The first adsorbent is at least one selected from the group consisting of mesoporous silica, Al-MOF and Zr-MOF, and the second adsorbent is zeolite according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The adsorption heat pump system described. The adsorption heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used.
A step of adsorbing the adsorbent with the first adsorbent to evaporate the adsorbent with the evaporator to generate cold heat.
A step of desorbing the adsorbent from the first adsorbent by adsorbing the adsorbent with the second adsorbent to generate cold heat.
After repeating alternately multiple times,
A cold heat generation method comprising a step of regenerating the second adsorbent by heating the second adsorbent with the solar collector to desorb the adsorbent. The adsorption type heat pump system includes the bypass pipe according to claim 3, and the adsorption introduced into the second adsorber from the evaporator through the bypass pipe before the step of regenerating the second adsorbent. The cold heat generation method according to claim 10, further comprising a step of adsorbing the quality with the second adsorbent.

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