JP2019115287A - Plant cultivation device and plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a plant cultivation device capable of improving cultivation efficiency, space saving, and reducing cost and continuously harvesting the plants when cultivating plants which have to be made to sense four season feeling in a cultivation facility such as a plant factory.SOLUTION: A light environment condition, a blowing condition and sprinkling condition, are locally changed for every zone in a plant cultivation device 10 for controlling a cultivation environment, for providing a plurality of environment zones in which a cultivation environment condition is different, namely, a spring condition zone A for reproducing in a pseudo state, a cultivation environment condition of spring, a summer condition zone B for reproducing in a pseudo state, a cultivation environment condition of summer, and an autumn condition zone C for reproducing in a pseudo state, a cultivation environment zone of autumn, in a plant cultivation device 10. By a bogie 12 functioning as a conveyor and a belt 13, a plant body P with a cultivation container 20 can be moved among the environment zones in which the cultivation environment conditions are different from each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method, and more particularly to a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method for cultivating a plant which requires four seasons to be felt in a cultivation facility such as a plant factory.

Plants, such as fruits and vegetables, fruits, herbs, etc., which have a long cultivation period, induce flower bud formation, fruit set and diapause due to environmental changes in the four seasons. For this reason, in order to grow these plants in a closed cultivation facility such as a plant factory, it is important to control the four seasons to an environment that reproduces them and to let plants experience the four seasons in a pseudo manner.
Conventionally, when such complicated environmental control is required, multiple control devices are installed on the entire surface of the cultivation space to switch on / off as a whole, or in an ideal environment at each breeding stage By providing a plurality of rooms with different controlled cultivation environments and moving plant seedlings between the rooms, etc., the four seasons are reproduced in the cultivation facility and the plants experience the four seasons in a pseudo manner.

For example, patent document 1 is invention regarding the plant cultivation system in a plant factory.
More specifically, a mounting table on which a plant having at least a trunk growing upward is placed, a lighting device for providing light to the plant mounted on the mounting table, and a self-propelled transfer containing the mounting table There is disclosed a system that includes an apparatus, and the mounting table is mounted on the transfer device so that plants can be transferred together with the mounting table.

Moreover, patent document 2 is invention regarding the plant breeding apparatus which continues continuous production several times, repeating a growth stage, a harvest stage, and a reproduction | regeneration stage about one stock | strain.
Specifically, a precision environment-controllable reproduction building and a general production building are provided, and these are combined by an infinite circulation transfer device, and the reproduction building is composed of high thermal insulation walls that can be optimized for energy saving throughout the year. The strains with reduced quality and yield in the ward move to the reclamation ward for reactivation and regeneration, then move to the production ward again to re-grow and re-harves about one stock. It is disclosed that a plurality of molding patterns are realized continuously.

JP 2011-120557 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-016031

However, in the case of reproducing the four seasons in one room, there is a problem that continuous harvesting can not be realized.
In the method of moving plants as in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of sections with different environments, or to separately provide a regeneration tower and a production tower, etc. In order to create different cultivation environments, there was a problem that it could not be realized without a large land area. In addition, in the case of a system in which plants move horizontally like a cart with a moving device, the amount of production per unit area is low, and a moving device is required for each plant seedling, resulting in high cost. There was a problem that.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to improve cultivation efficiency and save space when cultivating plants which require four seasons to be experienced in a cultivation facility such as a plant factory. It is an object of the present invention to provide a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method capable of continuous harvesting while achieving cost reduction and cost reduction.

  According to the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the subject is a wall surface installed in a direction perpendicular to the ground, a member for holding a plant, and holding means arranged in parallel on the wall, and the plant And irradiation means for irradiating light, air blowing means for blowing wind to the plant body or the peripheral region of the plant body, and irrigation means for supplying water or nutrient solution to the plant body; Localized light environment conditions to be supplied, air blowing conditions to be sent by the air blowing means, and irrigation conditions to be supplied by the irrigation means are locally changed to provide a plurality of environmental areas with different cultivation environment conditions on the wall surface The problem is solved by moving and cultivating the plant body among the plurality of environmental areas at predetermined intervals.

As described above, in the plant cultivation apparatus using the vertical surface, light environmental conditions (for example, light wavelength, intensity and time), blowing conditions (for example, wind direction and intensity) and irrigation for each environmental area in the apparatus By locally changing the conditions (for example, the type, temperature, and amount of water or nutrient solution) to control the cultivation environment, it is possible to provide a plurality of environment areas having different cultivation environment conditions in the same apparatus. And, by moving the plants between environment areas under different cultivation environment conditions, plants which need to experience the four seasons can be efficiently grown and harvested in a space-saving and low cost manner.
In particular, by providing a plurality of different cultivation environment conditions in the same cultivation apparatus, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of rooms in cultivation facilities such as a plant factory, so a large land area is unnecessary and space saving can be realized. It becomes. In addition, by planting plants with holding means arranged in parallel in the vertical direction on the wall surface, it is possible to enhance the cultivation efficiency per unit area, and to enhance the cultivation efficiency even for plants with high plant height. Can. In addition, by moving the plant, the worker can take out the harvest and the seedlings at the same place, so the burden on the worker can be reduced and the working efficiency can be improved. In addition, by planting the plants on the wall surface, since the fruiting surface is biased to the front side, it is possible to save time and effort to harvest plant seedlings from an angle of 360 degrees, to easily perform harvesting work, and to improve work efficiency.

In addition, the plurality of environmental areas simulate spring reproduction area conditions that simulate spring growth environment conditions, and summer condition areas that simulate summer growth environment conditions. And a suitable fall condition area.
Thus, by reproducing the cultivation environment conditions matched to each season in each environment area, it is possible to simulate the four seasons suitably for plants that need to experience the four seasons, and it is more efficient. Plants can be grown and harvested.

Further, among the plurality of environmental zones, it is preferable that an upper region be set as the summer condition zone.
Thus, by setting the space in the upper region of the cultivation apparatus where the temperature is high as the summer condition area, it is possible to simulate the summer cultivation environment conditions efficiently and at low cost, and to cultivate more efficiently. , Can be harvested. In addition, usually, since there is little work to be carried out by workers in the summer condition area, it is possible to effectively utilize the upper space, which is a high position where it is difficult for workers to reach, so grow and harvest plants more efficiently. be able to.

Further, it is preferable that the blowing unit sends the wind in the spring condition area and the autumn condition area and does not send the wind in the summer condition area.
In this way, the air temperature is controlled in each of the environmental areas where the cultivation environmental conditions are different, that is, in the spring area and the autumn area to control the cool temperature without storing the heating heat, and in the summer area, the air temperature is not applied. Since it is possible to preferably reproduce the four seasons, it is possible to grow and harvest plants more efficiently.

Preferably, the apparatus further comprises moving means for moving the holding means while holding the plant body, and the moving means automatically moves the plant body among the plurality of environmental areas.
As described above, by separately providing the moving means and automatically moving the inside of the same cultivation apparatus according to the growth, the burden on the worker is reduced and the working efficiency is improved, so that the plant can be more efficiently performed. Can be grown and harvested. In particular, there is no need to prepare a moving device for each plant, and one simple moving device may be installed for each growing device, so that plants can be grown and harvested more efficiently while suppressing costs. .

Preferably, the moving means moves the holding means in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the blowing means blows air in a direction parallel to the ground.
Thus, by blowing air in a direction parallel to the ground, that is, in a lateral direction, the environment area of the same cultivation environment condition can be set in the lateral direction in the cultivation apparatus, and the plant is held and held By moving the means vertically with respect to the ground, that is, vertically, the plants can be moved between the environmental areas of different cultivation conditions in each row, so that the plants are grown and harvested more efficiently. be able to. In addition, it is possible to easily provide a plurality of environmental areas with different cultivation environmental conditions, such as making it easy to make the space in the upper area of the cultivation apparatus where the temperature rises, a summer condition area, and cultivating and harvesting plants more efficiently it can.

Preferably, the moving means moves the holding means in a direction parallel to the ground, and the blowing means blows air in a direction perpendicular to the ground.
Thus, by blowing air vertically to the ground, that is, vertically, the environment area of the same cultivation environment condition can be set vertically in the cultivation apparatus, and the plant is held and held By moving the means parallel to the ground, that is, laterally, it is possible to move the plants between the environmental areas of different cultivation environmental conditions for each vertical row, so that the plants are grown and harvested more efficiently. be able to. In addition, since the vertical direction can be an environmental area under the same environmental condition, the nutrient solution path can be simplified and the nutrient solution applied to the same condition can be dripped from the upper stage, and plants can be grown more efficiently. , Can be harvested.

Preferably, the holding means holds the plant body in a state where the tip of the plant body is inclined in a direction away from the wall surface.
In this way, by setting the tip of the plant to be inclined in the direction away from the wall surface, it is possible to suppress interference with other plants planted at the top, lighting fixtures disposed at the top, etc. Can. Therefore, it is possible to arrange plants at narrow intervals, and also to grow and harvest plants more efficiently, even for plants with high plant height, without inhibiting plant growth by leaf burning due to heat of lighting. be able to.

Moreover, it is suitable that the said irradiation means irradiates light from the horizontal direction or front direction of the said plant body.
As described above, by irradiating light not only from above the plant but also from the lateral direction and the front direction, a sufficient amount of light can be obtained even for a plant planted below the device. Even if the plant length and appearance of the plant differ greatly at the growth stage, all plants can obtain sufficient light intensity for growth, and plants can be grown and harvested more efficiently. In addition, even when the plant is moved in the longitudinal direction, the lighting device does not hinder the movement, and the plant can be grown and harvested more efficiently.

In addition, the irrigation means includes an expandable tube for dripping water or nutrient solution to the plant body, and a tank for storing water or nutrient solution, and the tube is normally accommodated in the wall surface. It is preferable that, when water or nutrient solution is supplied, the tube is expanded by water pressure so that a part of the tube protrudes out of the wall surface.
Thus, the irrigation tube is usually housed in the wall, and extends only when water pressure is applied, that is, only when water or nutrient solution is supplied, and protrudes outside the wall, and the tip portion of the plant By being positioned above the held holding means, the tube for irrigation does not interfere with the movement of the plant, and plants can be grown and harvested more efficiently.

  Moreover, according to the plant cultivation method of the present invention, the above-mentioned subject is a holding step of arranging and holding plants in parallel on a wall surface installed in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the plant held by the holding step. Water or nutrient solution is applied to the plant held in the holding step; an irradiation step of irradiating light to the body; And d) supplying water, the light environment condition irradiated in the irradiation step, the air blowing condition sent in the air blowing step, and the watering condition supplied in the watering step are locally changed and cultivated. Having an environment forming step of forming a plurality of environmental areas under different environmental conditions on the wall surface, and moving the plant between the plurality of environmental areas formed by the environment forming step at predetermined intervals; Solution by It is.

As described above, in the plant cultivation method using the vertical surface, light environmental conditions (for example, light wavelength, intensity and time), blowing conditions (for example, wind direction and intensity) and irrigation for each environmental area in the apparatus By locally changing the conditions (for example, the type, temperature, and amount of water or nutrient solution) to control the cultivation environment, it is possible to form a plurality of environment areas having different cultivation environment conditions in the same apparatus. And, by moving the plants between environment areas under different cultivation environment conditions, plants which need to experience the four seasons can be efficiently grown and harvested in a space-saving and low cost manner.
In particular, by forming a plurality of different cultivation environment conditions in the same cultivation apparatus, it is not necessary to provide a plurality of rooms in cultivation facilities such as a plant factory, so a large land area is unnecessary and space saving is realized. It becomes possible. In addition, by arranging the plants in parallel in the vertical direction on the wall surface, the cultivation efficiency per unit area can be enhanced, and the cultivation efficiency can be enhanced even for a plant with a high plant height. In addition, by moving the plant, the worker can take out the harvest and the seedlings at the same place, so the burden on the worker can be reduced and the working efficiency can be improved. In addition, by planting the plants on the wall surface, since the fruiting surface is biased to the front side, it is possible to save time and effort to harvest plant seedlings from an angle of 360 degrees, to easily perform harvesting work, and to improve work efficiency.

The method further includes a moving step of automatically moving the plant held in the holding step between the plurality of environmental areas in a direction perpendicular or parallel to the ground, and the blowing step includes the moving step. It is preferable that, when the plant is moved in the vertical direction, a wind is sent parallel to the ground, and when the plant is moved in the parallel direction by the moving step, the wind is sent perpendicular to the ground. It is.
As described above, by automatically moving the inside of the same cultivation apparatus according to the growth, the burden on the worker is reduced and the working efficiency is improved, so that the plants can be grown and harvested more efficiently. it can.
In particular, by blowing air in a direction parallel to the ground, that is, in a lateral direction, an environment area of the same cultivation environment condition is formed in the lateral direction in the cultivation apparatus, and the plant is moved vertically to the ground, ie in a longitudinal direction. Or by blowing air in a direction perpendicular to the ground, ie, in the vertical direction, to form an environment area of the same cultivation environment condition in the vertical direction in the cultivation apparatus, and to parallel the plant body to the ground In other words, if it is possible to move the plants horizontally, it is possible to automatically move the plants between the environment areas of different cultivation environment conditions in which the plants are formed in horizontal or vertical rows, so that the plants are grown more efficiently. , Can be harvested.

  According to the plant cultivation apparatus and the plant cultivation method of the present invention, in cultivating a plant which needs to experience the four seasons in a cultivation facility such as a plant factory, it is intended to improve cultivation efficiency, save space and reduce cost. Continuous harvesting is possible.

It is a front view explaining the whole structure of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is a perspective view explaining the whole structure of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ventilation method of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irrigation method of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irrigation method of a plant cultivation apparatus. It is a figure which shows an example of environmental control for every environmental area. FIG. 5 illustrates the absorption wavelength range of a blue light receptor. It is a front view explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment, and an irrigation method. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment, and an irrigation method. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ventilation method of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is a front view explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is a figure explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus in further another embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ventilation method of the plant cultivation apparatus in other embodiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The embodiments (the first to third embodiments) of the present invention locally change the light environment condition, the air blowing condition and the watering condition for each area in the apparatus for plant cultivation using a vertical surface. The present invention relates to the invention of a plant cultivation apparatus in which a plurality of environment areas having different cultivation environment conditions are provided in the same apparatus by controlling the cultivation environment. Moreover, invention of the plant cultivation method is applied to cultivation of the plant by the plant cultivation apparatus in embodiment (1st embodiment-3rd embodiment) of this invention.

First Embodiment
First, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
In the first embodiment described here, by controlling the environment locally on the wall surface 11, a plurality of environment areas with different cultivation environment conditions are provided on the wall surface 11, and the plant body P circulates on the wall surface 11. It is a rotational movement type plant cultivation apparatus 10 that moves to

  FIG. 1: is a front view explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in this embodiment. FIG. 2: is a perspective view explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in this embodiment. FIG. 3: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in this embodiment. FIG. 4: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in this embodiment. FIG. 5: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ventilation method of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in this embodiment. FIG. 6: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irrigation method of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in this embodiment. Drawing 7 is an explanatory view showing an example of a method of irrigation of plant cultivation device 10 in this embodiment, (a) is a figure showing the state at the time of normal, (b) is a figure showing the state at the time of supply is there. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of environmental control for each environmental area. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the absorption wavelength region of a blue light receptor.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the plant cultivation apparatus 10 includes a wall surface 11, a carriage 12, a belt 13, an LED 14, a blower 15, a first tank 16 and a second tank 17, and a first tank thereof. A tube 18 and a drainage pipe 19 connected to the 16 or the second tank 17 and the cultivation container 20 are mainly provided.

  The wall surface 11 is a wall surface 11 in the plant factory unit, and is installed vertically to the ground. The wall surface 11 has a strength sufficient to hold a plurality of plant bodies P and the like. A frame 21 for mounting the LED 14 is erected on the wall surface 11. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6 etc., the path 11a for passing the tube 18 for irrigation or the drain pipe 19 is formed in the inside of the wall surface 11. As shown in FIG.

A plurality of carriages 12 are rotatably provided on the wall surface 11, and are configured to be automatically rotated in a fixed direction by a control device (not shown). The carriage 12 may be configured to be slightly rotated at all times, or may be configured to periodically rotate several times at predetermined time intervals. In the present embodiment, the carriage 12 is automatically rotated. However, the worker may manually rotate the wheel manually at a predetermined angle, for example, once every ten days.
The belt 13 is in contact with a part of the outer peripheral surface of the carriage 12, and in the present embodiment, an annular belt 13 is installed so as to surround a plurality of carriages 12. The belt 13 is configured to operate by transmitting the power generated by the rotation of the carriage 12 by the friction of the contact surface with the carriage 12 and functions as a so-called conveyor by the carriage 12 and the belt 13. The belt 13 has an attachment portion (not shown) to which the cultivation container 20 can be attached on the surface thereof, that is, on the side opposite to the wall surface 11. The belt 13 moves the cultivation container 20 on the wall surface 11 in the direction shown by an arrow in FIG. 1 and the like by operating the carriage 12 as a motive power in a state where the cultivation container 20 is attached.
The carriage 12 and the belt 13 correspond to the moving means in the claims.

The LED 14 is a lighting device that emits light, and is configured of three types of LEDs with different wavelengths. Specifically, a white LED 14a that emits white light that does not give a sense of hue by mixing light rays of each wavelength substantially equally as sunlight does, and a blue LED 14b that emits blue light (400 to 500 nm) It comprises: far-red color LED 14c which emits red light (700 to 800 nm). The light intensity (photon flux density) and the irradiation time of each of the LEDs 14 are controlled. Moreover, the upper part of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 is set so that the number of LED14 currently installed rather than a lower part may increase.
In addition, this LED14 is corresponded to the irradiation means said in a claim.

In the present embodiment, the LED 14 is not installed above the plant body P, but is installed in the lateral direction (FIG. 3) of the plant body P or the front direction (FIG. 4) of the plant body P. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the LED 14 is installed on the plant body P facing the plant body P, the light can be emitted from the side surface of the plant body P, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, if the reflecting plate 22 is installed in the area facing the wall surface 11 and the LED 14 is installed on the reflecting plate 22 toward the plant P, light is irradiated from the front of the plant P be able to.
As in the present embodiment, when planting plants P in a vertical direction, if a light source is installed only above the plant P as in the conventional irradiation method of light, planting is performed below the plant cultivating apparatus 10 Planted plants P may not grow sufficiently because they can not obtain a sufficient amount of light. For this reason, when planting the plant body P in a longitudinal direction, planting and cultivating, as in the present embodiment, the plant body P is irradiated with light from a lateral direction (FIG. 3) or a front direction (FIG. 4) By doing this, it is possible to obtain a sufficient amount of light for all plants P to grow, even in the case of crops such as fruit trees where the plant height and the form of the grass greatly differ at the growth stage.

The blower 15 may have any configuration as long as it can send a wind. For example, the electric device may be configured to generate an air flow by rotating a blade. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the air is blown laterally to a partial region on the wall surface 11.
In addition, this air blower 15 is corresponded to the ventilation means said by a claim.

  As shown in FIG. 6, on the back side of the wall surface 11, a plurality of tanks, that is, a first tank 16 and a second tank 17 in which nutrient solution is stored are installed. The temperature and the like of the nutrient solution differ between the first tank 16 and the second tank 17. That is, the normal temperature nutrient solution is stored in the first tank 16, and the low temperature nutrient solution is stored in the second tank 17. The nutrient solutions stored in the first tank 16 and the second tank 17 may be of different types (compositions), such as, for example, a large amount of phosphoric acid or a large amount of nitrogen. Moreover, the component and density | concentration of a nutrient solution are set by the kind of culture medium in the cultivation container 20, either.

The first tank 16 and the second tank 17 each have a tubular tube 18 serving as a nutrient circulation path capable of continuously transporting a nutrient solution which is a fluid, and a first tank 16 and a second tank 17. The pump (not shown) which pumps up the nutrient solution from is connected. The tip 18a of the tube 18 is flexible and configured to expand and contract like a blowback according to the water pressure of the nutrient solution sent by the pump. Moreover, the tube 18 for supplying an excess nutrient solution to the plant body P of a lower stage is connected to the bottom of the cultivation container 20. As shown in FIG. Further, the nutrient solution circulation path on the side of the first tank 16 is configured to return the surplus nutrient solution to the first tank 16 again through the drain pipe 19 penetrating the inside of the wall surface 11.
The first tank 16, the second tank 17, the tube 18, and the drainage pipe 19 correspond to the watering means in the claims.

Here, the irrigation method will be specifically described.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the plant cultivating apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, as in the case of the wall surface planting apparatus known in the prior art, the nutrient solution is supplied to the upper plant P and the surplus is from the bottom to the bottom of the culture container 20. The irrigation method applied to the plant body P according to gravity is adopted. The timing of irrigation is controlled by a timer (not shown), and is pumped up from the first tank 16 and the second tank 17 where the nutrient solution is stored for several minutes a day, and water is supplied to the plant P Ru.
At this time, in the present embodiment, a state in which the tube 18 for dropping the nutrient solution is contained in the wall surface 11 at a normal time, that is, when the nutrient solution is supplied, so as not to be obstructed when moving the plant body P. And does not protrude on the wall surface 11. Specifically, when the water pressure is not applied with the timer OFF, the tip end 18a of the tube 18 is accommodated in the channel 11a of the wall surface 11 so that it curls like a blowback. On the other hand, when the timer is turned on, the nutrient solution is pumped up from the pump, and water pressure is applied to the tube 18, the tube 18 (particularly the tip 18a) extends and the cultivation container in which the plant body P on the wall surface 11 is planted Protruding at the top of 20 enables irrigation.

The cultivation container 20 is a container for planting stably while protecting the underground part of the plant body P, and is a container in which the upper surface portion is opened. In the bottom portion, a draining hole (not shown) is formed, and excess water is drained while the culture medium always maintains a constant water content. A culture medium such as soil, artificial soil, or a sponge for hydroponic culture is accommodated in the cultivation container 20, and one plant body P is planted for each container.
The cultivation container 20 can be detachably attached to the belt 13 as a moving means by an attachment portion (not shown). The cultivation container 20 attached to the belt 13 is a direction shown by arrows in FIG. 1 and the like between a plurality of environment areas of different cultivation environment conditions on the wall surface 11 along with the operation of the belt 13 powered by the rotational force of the carriage 12 Move to
In addition, this cultivation container 20 is corresponded to the holding means said in a claim.

The cultivation environment in the plant cultivation apparatus 10 is controlled by locally changing the light environment condition, the air blowing condition and the irrigation condition for each area in the plant cultivation apparatus 10 by the plant cultivation apparatus 10 configured as described above. A plurality of environmental areas under different conditions, that is, as shown in FIG. 1, spring condition area A that simulates spring cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner, summer condition area B that simulates summer cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner, autumn An autumn condition area C can be provided that simulates the cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner.
In addition, in this embodiment, in order to store plant body P in low temperature rooms, such as a refrigerator, about winter conditions, it is sufficient, and the winter condition area in particular is not provided. However, the winter condition area may be provided in the plant cultivation apparatus 10.

Next, environmental control for creating a plurality of environmental areas having different cultivation environmental conditions, that is, the spring condition area A, the summer condition area B, and the autumn condition area C, in the plant cultivation apparatus 10 will be specifically described.
In addition, the value etc. of the environmental zone of each condition shown to the table | surface of FIG. 8 are an example, and the cultivation environment conditions of each season are not necessarily limited to this. In particular, the value of the optimum environmental condition differs depending on the item to be grown.

First, the space in the upper region of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 has a tendency that warm air flows upward, so heat accumulation due to the illumination heat of the LED 14 tends to occur, and the temperature tends to be high. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the space of the upper region, which is originally high in temperature, is set as the summer condition area B. Thus, it is not necessary to cool the room air with a cooling device or the like as in a conventional plant factory, and the temperature generated by the illumination heat can be used. In addition, since the work carried out by the worker is small in the summer condition area B, if the summer condition area B is set as the space of the upper area of the plant cultivating apparatus 10, the space of the upper area which is a high position where the workers hardly reach There is also an advantage that it can be used effectively.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, in the space of the upper region of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 that has been set as the summer condition area B, the air is not blown by the blower 15, and the temperature is increased. On the other hand, in the other areas set in the spring condition area A and the autumn condition area C, the blower 15 blows in the lateral direction to perform temperature adjustment so as to control the temperature to a cool temperature without storing the illumination heat. In addition, in this embodiment, the intensity | strength 0 in the intensity | strength of a wind is made into a windless state.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, in the spring condition area A, the above-ground temperature is controlled to about 23 degrees, and the underground temperature is set to about 20 degrees (not controlled). In the summer condition area B, the temperature of the above-ground part is controlled to a temperature obtained by adding the illumination heat to about 23 degrees, and the underground temperature is set to about 20 degrees (not controlled). In the autumn condition area C, the above-ground temperature is controlled to about 23 degrees, and the underground temperature is controlled to about 10 degrees.

In addition, the wavelength, intensity and irradiation time of the light irradiated by the LED 14 are controlled by changing the conditions for each environmental area. That is, in summer condition area B, in order to simulate summer cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner, strong light is irradiated under long day conditions. In the spring condition area A, light weaker than the summer condition area B is irradiated for a long day condition (but the time shorter than the summer condition area B) in order to simulate the spring cultivation environment condition in a pseudo manner. In the autumn condition area C, light weaker than the summer condition area B is irradiated under short-day conditions in order to simulate the autumn cultivation environment condition in a pseudo manner.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, in the spring condition area A, white light is irradiated with a light intensity of 200 μmol / m 2 / s for about 14 hours in one day by the white LED 14 a. In the summer condition area B, the white LED 14 a emits white light at a light intensity of 200 μmol / m 2 / s for about 18 hours per day, and the blue LED 14 b and the far red LED 14 c emit 50 μmol / blue light and far red light. Irradiate at a light intensity of m 2 / s for about 18 hours a day. In the autumn condition area C, white light is irradiated with a light intensity of 200 μmol / m 2 / s for about 8 hours a day by the white LED 14 a.

  In addition, when cultivating the plant body P, it is already known that far-red light (700 to 800 nm), red light (600 to 700 nm) and blue light (400 to 500 nm) are effective for photosynthesis. . In particular, as shown in FIG. 9, blue light with a wavelength of 430 to 490 nm is preferable, and blue light with a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm is more preferable, based on the absorption wavelength range of cryptochrome, which is a blue light receptor protein. .

In addition, the type (composition), amount and temperature of the nutrient solution to which the plant body P is supplied are controlled by changing the conditions for each environmental area.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, in spring condition area A, a nutrient solution with a larger amount of phosphoric acid and trace elements is supplied at a standard temperature at a somewhat low temperature. In the summer condition area B, a nutrient solution with a higher amount of nitrogen is supplied at a room temperature slightly more than the standard for the leaves. In the autumn condition area C, a standard amount of nitrogen-free water is supplied at a low temperature.

As described above, in the present embodiment, a plurality of environment zones having different cultivation environment conditions such as spring condition area A, summer condition area B and autumn condition area C are provided in the plant cultivation apparatus 10 (on the wall surface 11) The botanical body P is moved together with the cultivation container 20 between environment areas of different cultivation environment conditions by the dolly 12 and the belt 13 which play the role of. At this time, by setting the moving direction so that both of the two adjacent belts 13 rotate from the outside toward the inside, as shown in FIG. 1, the autumn condition area C is provided in the same area. be able to.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, in the area of the exchange area D, the seedlings which have finished dormancy, that is, the new plant P planted in the cultivation container 20 is worked on the plant cultivation apparatus 10 (belt 13) A person attaches and the attached plant body P moves automatically or manually in order of spring condition area A, summer condition area B, autumn condition area C. Meanwhile, workers perform operations such as harvesting and pruning according to each seasonal condition area. Then, after passing through the autumn condition area C, the worker removes the plant cultivation apparatus 10 (belt 13) in the replacement area D provided next to the autumn condition area C. The removed plant body P is subjected to maintenance such as pruning of branches, fertilization and root cutting, and as necessary, for example, when the plant body P is a fruit tree which requires dormancy due to low temperature such as deciduous fruit tree etc. It is stored for a fixed period in low temperature space, such as a refrigerator, separately for exposing to. On the other hand, when the plant body P is an evergreen fruit tree which does not need to be exposed to low temperature such as mango, storage in a refrigerator is not necessary.
In addition, the movement speed of the plant body P moves in a period of about one and a half months in the spring condition area A, about one and a half months in the summer condition area B, and about one and a half months in the autumn condition area C. That is, the plant body P will experience the four seasons in a pseudo manner, circling in approximately 5 to 6 months, which is shorter than the actual natural environment.

Second Embodiment
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Similarly to the first embodiment, the second embodiment described here also provides a plurality of environmental zones with different cultivation environment conditions on the wall surface 11 by locally controlling the environment on the wall surface 11 However, how to divide the environmental area under cultivation environmental conditions and the method of moving the plant body P are different from those in the first embodiment. That is, it is the plant cultivation apparatus 10 of the horizontal direction movement type in which the plant body P moves in the lateral direction on the wall surface 11 thereof.

  FIG. 10: is a front view explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment. FIG. 11: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment. FIG. 12: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment, and an irrigation method. FIG. 13: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment. FIG. 14: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment, and an irrigation method. FIG. 15: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ventilation method of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment. FIG. 16: is a front view explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 2nd embodiment.

  As shown in Drawing 10-Drawing 16, composition of plant cultivation device 10 in a second embodiment mainly equips wall surface 11, LED 14, fan 15, tube 18, and cultivation container 20. As shown in FIG. In addition, about these each members, since it is the structure substantially the same as 1st embodiment mentioned above, the detailed description here is abbreviate | omitted and only a different point is demonstrated hereafter.

In the second embodiment, since the plant body P is a system in which the plant body P moves in the lateral direction, placing the LED 14 in the lateral direction of the plant body P hinders the movement. Therefore, it is not installed in the lateral direction of the plant body P, but is installed in the front direction (FIGS. 11 and 12) of the plant body P or the front upper direction (FIGS. 12 and 13) of the plant body P.
For example, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, if the reflecting plate 22 is installed in the area facing the wall surface 11 and the LED 14 is vertically installed on the reflecting plate 22 toward the plant body P, the front of the plant body P Light can be emitted from the direction. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, if the frame 23 is installed in the area facing the wall surface 11 and the LED 14 is installed horizontally on the frame P toward the plant body P, the front upper direction of the plant body P Light can be emitted from the At this time, it is more preferable to install the reflection plate 22 together. Further, in the second embodiment, since the environment areas having different cultivation environment conditions are divided into vertical rows, the LEDs 14 are installed in each row regardless of the case. That is, the LEDs 14 having different light intensities and wavelengths are installed according to the environmental conditions of the season to be controlled. For example, for the summer condition area B, one having a higher light intensity than the autumn condition area C or the spring condition area A is used.

In the second embodiment, since the plant body P is a system that moves in the horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 15, the blower 15 blows air in the vertical direction (vertical direction).
In the same manner as in the first embodiment, in the area set in the summer condition area B, the temperature of the summer condition area B is not increased by the blower 15 so as to increase the temperature. Do. On the other hand, in the other areas set in the spring condition area A and the autumn condition area C, the blower 15 blows air from the bottom to the top to perform temperature control so as to control the temperature to a cool temperature without storing lighting heat. Thereby, it can be set as the same cultivation environment conditions for every line of a longitudinal direction.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16, the summer condition area B and the spring condition area A, and the summer condition area B and the autumn condition area C are less affected, respectively. A transparent soddle 24 may be installed on both sides to increase the temperature in the summer condition area B.

Also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the water supply method is supplied to the upper plant body P, and the surplus is dropped from the bottom of the cultivation container 20 to the lower plant plant P according to gravity. Although employed, the configuration of each tank and the nutrient solution in the tank are substantially the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and thus the illustration thereof is omitted.
In the second embodiment, since the plant body P is a system that moves in the horizontal direction, all the vertical directions are environmental areas with the same seasonal conditions, so there is no need to change the nutrient solution conditions between the upper and lower There is an advantage that the fluid path is simplified.
Further, in the case of a system in which the plant body P moves in the lateral direction, the tube 18 for dropping the nutrient solution does not interfere with the movement of the plant body P, so as in the first embodiment, There is an advantage that it is not necessary to round and accommodate the tip portion 18a of the second embodiment in the wall surface 11 like blowback.

  In the second embodiment, for example, the cultivation containers 20 arranged on the shelf on the wall surface 11 are only moved in the lateral direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. The work is not a heavy burden. Therefore, in the second embodiment, moving means such as a conveyer may not be provided, but as in the first embodiment, moving means such as a conveyer may be provided.

As described above, in the second embodiment, by controlling the cultivation environment by locally changing the light environment condition, the air blowing condition and the irrigation condition for each area in the plant cultivation apparatus 10 (on the wall surface 11) A plurality of environmental zones having different cultivation environment conditions, that is, conditional zone A, summer conditional zone B and autumn conditional zone C, can be provided for each row in the vertical direction.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, a worker attaches a seedling which has finished dormancy from the left end side, that is, a new plant P planted in the cultivation container 20 to the plant cultivation apparatus 10 and attached The plant P is moved manually or automatically in the order of spring condition area A, summer condition area B and autumn condition area C. Meanwhile, workers perform operations such as harvesting and pruning according to each seasonal condition area. And if it passes autumn condition area C, it will be removed from plant cultivation device 10 by a worker at the right end side. The removed plant body P is subjected to maintenance such as pruning of branches, fertilization and root cutting, and as necessary, for example, when the plant body P is a fruit tree which requires dormancy due to low temperature such as deciduous fruit tree etc. It is stored for a fixed period in low temperature space, such as a refrigerator, separately for exposing to.
Here, as in the first embodiment, the moving speed of the plant P is about one and a half months for the spring condition area A, about one and a half months for the summer condition area B, or about one for the autumn condition area C. Move over a period of half a month.

Third Embodiment
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Similarly to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, in the third embodiment described here, a plurality of environmental zones having different cultivation environmental conditions are provided by locally controlling the environment in the plant cultivation device 10 It differs from the first embodiment and the second embodiment in that the plant body P is vertically moved for each wall surface 11. That is, it is the plant cultivation apparatus 10 of the vertical direction movement type in which the plant body P moves in the vertical direction (vertical direction) for each wall surface 11.

  FIG. 17: is a figure explaining the whole structure of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 3rd embodiment. FIG. 18: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 3rd embodiment. FIG. 19: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 3rd embodiment. FIG. 20: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the irradiation method of the light of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 3rd embodiment. FIG. 21: is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the ventilation method of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 3rd embodiment.

As the structure of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 in 3rd embodiment is mainly provided with the wall surface 11, LED14, the air blower 15, and the cultivation container 20 as shown in FIGS. 17-18, the above-mentioned 1st point is mentioned. It is the same as the embodiment and the second embodiment but differs from the first and second embodiments in that the moving means is the pulley 31 to move the wall surface 11 up and down.
In addition, about each member which is common, since it is the structure substantially the same as 1st embodiment and 2nd embodiment which were mentioned above, detailed description here is abbreviate | omitted, and only a different point is demonstrated hereafter.

The pulley 31 has a conventionally known configuration that includes a rotatable ring 32 and a cord 33 such as a rope.
The cord-like material 33 is in contact with the ring ring 32 in the middle part, and holds the wall surface 11 to which the cultivation container 20 on which the plant body P is planted is attached on both sides thereof. Thereby, the back sides of the wall surface 11 become back-to-back, and the plant body P arranged in the vertical direction on the wall surface 11 is suspended by being separated into two on the left and right by the pulley 31. And if one side descend | falls, according to it, the other will rise. In addition, the pulley 31 is equipped with the brake not shown which fixes the rope-like article 33 in arbitrary positions, and the balance of the right and left is not necessarily based on the weight of each wall surface 11 currently suspended.

In the third embodiment, since the plant body P is a system in which the plant body P moves in the longitudinal direction, the LED 14 is installed at a position that does not hinder the movement of the wall surface 11 on which the plant body P is installed. Therefore, it is installed in the lateral direction (FIG. 18) of the plant P or in the upper direction (FIG. 19) of the plant P or in the front direction of the plant P (FIG. 20) together with the reflecting plate 22.
For example, as shown in FIG. 18, when the LED 14 is installed on the reflecting plate 22 installed horizontally on the wall surface 11 so as to face the plant body P, light can be emitted from the side surface of the plant body P.
Further, as shown in FIG. 19, if the reflecting plate 22 is installed at the upper front of the plant body P slightly and the LED 14 is vertically installed on the reflecting plate 22 toward the plant body P, from the upper direction of the plant body P It can be irradiated with light. Further, as shown in FIG. 20, if the reflecting plate 22 is installed in the area facing the wall surface 11 and the LED 14 is vertically installed on the reflecting plate 22 toward the plant body P, light from the front direction of the plant body P Can be irradiated.
As in the first and second embodiments described above, the LEDs 14 having different light intensities and wavelengths are installed according to the environmental conditions of the season to be controlled. For example, for the summer condition area B, one having a higher light intensity than the autumn condition area C or the spring condition area A is used.

In the third embodiment, since the plant body P is a system that moves in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 21, the blower 15 blows in the horizontal direction.
Further, as in the first embodiment described above, the space of the upper region where heat accumulation due to the illumination heat of the LED 14 is likely to occur and the temperature tends to increase is set as the summer condition area B.
Furthermore, as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, in order to increase the temperature in the area set in the summer condition area B, the illumination heat is easily accumulated without blowing air by the blower 15 only in the summer condition area B Dare to raise the temperature. On the other hand, in the other areas set in the spring condition area A and the autumn condition area C, the blower 15 blows in the lateral direction to perform temperature adjustment so as to control the temperature to a cool temperature without storing the illumination heat.

  In the third embodiment, since the seasonal condition section is divided by 11 wall surfaces, irrigation is performed for each wall surface 11. However, as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the plant body P in the upper row is used as a nutrient solution. And the surplus is dropped from the bottom of the cultivation container 20 to the lower plant P in accordance with gravity.

As described above, in the third embodiment, the spring condition area A, the summer condition is controlled by locally changing the light environment condition, the air blowing condition and the irrigation condition for each area in the plant cultivation apparatus 10 to control the cultivation environment. A plurality of environmental areas with different cultivation environment conditions, that is, the conditional area B and the autumn area C, can be provided in areas of different heights, and can be moved among the multiple environmental areas with different cultivation environment conditions.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, one cultivation area (upper left) is controlled to the summer condition area B, and the other cultivation area (lower right) is controlled to the spring condition area A. And the plant body P which passed through the summer condition area B on the left side is pulled down, and it controls to the autumn condition area C. On the other hand, the plant body P, which has been harvested after passing through the spring condition area A on the right side, is pulled up and controlled to the summer condition area B. After cultivating the plant body P on the left side under the autumn condition area C for a certain period, the plant body P is recovered for dormancy and maintenance of the plant body P. At the same time as recovering the plant body P on the left side, a new plant body P which has gone through dormancy is placed and controlled and cultivated in the spring condition area A. The plant P which has been subjected to the summer conditions on the right side for a certain period is pulled down and controlled to the autumn condition area C. When the flowering and fruiting of the plant body P on the left side and the harvesting work are finished, the plant body P is pulled up and grown in the summer condition area B. After the plant P on the right side is grown in the autumn condition area C for a certain period, it is recovered. A new plant P that has undergone dormancy is placed at the collected point, and controlled to spring condition area A.
Here, as in the first embodiment, the moving speed of the plant P is about one and a half months for the spring condition area A, about one and a half months for the summer condition area B, or about one for the autumn condition area C. Move over a period of half a month.

  In the third embodiment, in particular, since the cultivation environment conditions are divided by the back-to-back wall 11 units, there is an advantage that control of cultivation environment conditions such as light environment conditions, air blowing conditions, irrigation conditions is easy. Also, the cultivation space may be narrow. Furthermore, the spring condition area A and the autumn condition area C have an advantage that they come down to the front so that workers can easily work.

<Effect>
As described in the above embodiment, in the case of the plant cultivation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the light environment condition, the air blowing condition and the irrigation condition are locally applied to each area in the apparatus using the wall surface 11 which is a vertical surface. It is possible to provide a plurality of environment zones having different cultivation environment conditions, that is, spring condition area A, summer condition area B and autumn condition area C, in the same apparatus by changing the culture environment conditions in a controlled manner. And, by moving the plant body P between the environment areas under different cultivation environment conditions, it is possible to efficiently grow and harvest the plant body P which needs to experience the four seasons in a space-saving and low cost manner. .

  In the above embodiment, a plant cultivation apparatus and a plant cultivation method for cultivating a plant which needs to experience four seasons in a cultivation facility such as a plant factory have been mainly described. However, the embodiments described above are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention can be modified and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention naturally includes the equivalents thereof.

10 plant cultivation device 11 wall surface 11a route 12 bogie 13 belt 14 LED
14a white LED
14b Blue LED
14c Far-red LED
15 Blower 16 First tank 17 Second tank 18 Tube 18a Tip 20 Cultivation container 21 Frame 22 Reflective plate 23 Frame 24 Blind 31 Pulley 32 Rings 33 cord P Plant S Nutrient L Light W Wind A Spring condition area B summer condition area C autumn condition area D exchange area

Claims (12)

A wall installed vertically to the ground,
A member for holding a plant, and holding means arranged in parallel on the wall surface;
Irradiation means for irradiating the plant with light;
A blower for blowing a wind to the plant body or an area around the plant body;
Watering means for supplying water or nutrient solution to the plants;
A plurality of environmental zones having different cultivation environment conditions are locally changed by locally changing the light environmental conditions irradiated by the irradiation means, the air blowing conditions sent by the air blowing means, and the irrigation conditions supplied by the irrigation means. Provided on the wall,
A plant cultivation apparatus characterized in that the plant body is moved and cultivated among the plurality of environmental areas at predetermined intervals.   The plurality of environmental areas are a spring condition area that simulates spring cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner, a summer condition area that simulates summer cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner, and autumn that simulates autumn cultivation environment conditions in a pseudo manner The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a condition area.   The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an upper region of the plurality of environmental areas is set as the summer condition area.   The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the blowing means sends the wind in the spring condition area and the autumn condition area and does not send the wind in the summer condition area. It further comprises moving means for moving the holding means while holding the plant body,
The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the moving means automatically moves the plant between the plurality of environmental areas. The moving means moves the holding means in a direction perpendicular to the ground;
The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the blowing means blows air in a direction parallel to the ground. The moving means moves the holding means in a direction parallel to the ground;
The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the blowing means blows air in a direction perpendicular to the ground.   The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the holding means holds the plant body in a state in which a tip of the plant body is inclined in a direction away from the wall surface. .   The plant cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the irradiation unit irradiates light from a lateral direction or a front direction of the plant body. The irrigation means comprises a stretchable tube for dropping water or nutrient solution onto the plant body, and a tank for storing water or nutrient solution,
The tube is normally accommodated in the wall, and is extended by water pressure when water or nutrient solution is supplied, and a part of the tube is protruded outside the wall. The plant cultivation apparatus of any one of 9. A step of holding plants arranged side by side on a wall surface installed in a direction perpendicular to the ground;
An irradiation step of irradiating the plant body held by the holding step with light;
A blowing step of blowing wind to the plant or the peripheral area of the plant held by the holding step;
Providing a water or nutrient solution to the plant held by the holding step;
A plurality of environmental zones having different cultivation environment conditions are locally changed by locally changing the light environmental conditions irradiated in the irradiation step, the air blowing conditions sent in the air blowing step, and the irrigation conditions supplied in the irrigation step. Having an environment forming step formed on the wall surface,
A plant cultivation method, wherein the plant body is moved between a plurality of environmental areas formed in the environment forming step at predetermined intervals, and cultivated. The method further comprises a moving step of automatically moving the plant held by the holding step between the plurality of environmental areas in a direction perpendicular or parallel to the ground,
In the blowing step, when the plant is moved in the vertical direction in the moving step, a wind is sent parallel to the ground, and when the plant is moved in the parallel direction in the moving step, the wind is directed to the ground The plant cultivation method according to claim 11, wherein wind is blown in the vertical direction.

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