JP2019100210A - Rotor blade monitoring system, rotor blade monitoring device, rotor blade monitoring method, program - Google Patents

Abstract

To improve detection accuracy of vibration amplitude of a rotor blade.SOLUTION: An eddy current type first sensor detects passage of a rotor blade rotating about an axis, from a stator side in a noncontact manner. A second sensor has a smaller sensing region than that of the first sensor, and detects the passage of the rotor blade from the stator side in the noncontact manner. A rotor blade monitoring device generates a calibrated value of a detected value of the first sensor on the basis of a detected value of the second sensor, and outputs the calibrated value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a blade monitoring system, a blade monitoring apparatus, a blade monitoring method, and a program.

  The manager of the turbine measures the vibration generated on the moving blades constituting the turbine during the operation of the turbine. The manager verifies that the vibration characteristics of the moving blades are as designed according to the design by performing such measurement. In addition, the person in charge performs such measurement, confirms changes in the vibration characteristics of the moving blades due to changes in operating conditions, and aims to improve the reliability of turbine products. As an example, there is a telemetry measurement technology in which a strain gauge is attached to a moving blade and the vibration is measured during operation of a turbine apparatus as a measurement technology of the vibration of the moving blade. Also, as another measurement technology of the vibration of the moving blade, a sensor that detects the passage of the moving blade is installed in the casing part facing the moving blade, and the technology of analyzing the vibration of the moving blade from the time difference when the moving blade passes the sensor is there. A related technique is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a technique in which a plurality of sensors are installed on the upstream and downstream sides in the axial direction of the rotary blade in the rotational direction of the rotary blade to measure the vibration amplitude (deformation amount) of the blade.

Patent No. 5542311 gazette

  By the way, the sensor which detects passage of a moving blade may be installed in stator sides, such as a casing part etc. which oppose a moving blade, and vibration of a moving blade may be measured from the time difference which a moving blade passes a sensor. Under the present circumstances, if sensors, such as a laser sensor with a small sensitive area, are installed so that measurement accuracy may become good, noise may be included in the signal which detected passage of a moving blade under the influence of steam near a moving blade. In such a case, the detection accuracy of the vibration amplitude of the moving blade is lowered.

  Then, this invention aims at providing the moving blade monitoring system which can solve the above-mentioned subject, a moving blade monitoring apparatus, a moving blade monitoring method, and a program.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the moving blade monitoring system detects the passage of the moving blades rotating about the axis without contact from the stator side, and a first sensor of the eddy current type, and more than the first sensor A calibration value of the detection value of the first sensor is generated based on the detection value of the second sensor having a small sensitive area and detecting the passage of the moving blade without contact from the stator side, and the detection value of the second sensor. And a moving blade monitoring apparatus having an output unit that outputs the calibration value.

  In the above-mentioned moving blade monitoring system, the first sensor and the second sensor may be provided at predetermined intervals in the rotating direction of the moving blade.

  Further, in the moving blade monitoring system described above, the calibration value generation unit is configured to detect a first passing timing of the moving blade, which is the detected value of the first sensor, and a detected value of the second sensor, of the moving blade. A calibration coefficient may be calculated based on the second passage timing, and the calibration coefficient may be multiplied by the vibration amplitude of the blade vibration of the moving blade based on the first passage timing to generate the calibration value.

  In the moving blade monitoring system described above, the output unit outputs a vibration amplitude of blade vibration of the moving blade using a second passing timing of the moving blade which is a detected value of the second sensor, and the second passing The calibration value of the vibration amplitude may be output when noise is generated in the timing detection value.

  In the moving blade monitoring system described above, the moving blade monitoring device records, from a storage unit, a recording unit that records the calibration value according to an attribute related to the moving blade in a storage unit, and the calibration value based on the current attribute from the storage unit And a vibration width specifying unit to read out.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the moving blade monitoring device detects the passage of the moving blade rotating about the axis without contact from the stator side, and the first sensor of the eddy current type and the first sensor An acquisition unit for acquiring detection values from each of a second sensor that has a small sensitive area and detects passage of the moving blade without contact from the stator side; and based on the detection value of the second sensor, A calibration value generation unit that generates a calibration value of a detection value of the first sensor, and an output unit that outputs the calibration value are characterized.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the moving blade monitoring method, the first sensor of the eddy current type detects the passage of the moving blade rotating about the axis without contact from the stator side, and the second sensor It has a sensing area smaller than the first sensor, detects passage of the moving blade without contact from the stator side, and the moving blade monitoring device detects the first sensor based on the detection value of the second sensor. Generating a calibration value of the detection value of and outputting the calibration value.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the program comprises: a computer of the moving blade monitoring apparatus, an eddy current type first sensor for detecting the passage of the moving blades rotating about an axis without contact from the stator side; Acquisition means for acquiring detection values from each of a second sensor that has a perception area smaller than the first sensor and detects passage of the moving blade from the stator side in a non-contact manner; detection value of the second sensor It is characterized in that it functions as a calibration value generation means for generating a calibration value of the detection value of the first sensor based on the above and an output means for outputting the calibration value.

  According to the present invention, the detection accuracy of the vibration amplitude of the moving blade can be improved.

FIG. 2 shows a configuration of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a bucket monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates a blade passing detection signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the monitoring result by one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating detection ranges of a first sensor and a second sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the hardware constitutions of the moving blade monitoring apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a moving blade monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the processing flow of the moving blade monitoring apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a blade monitoring apparatus, a blade monitoring method, and a program according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing the configuration of a turbine according to the present embodiment.
A turbine system 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes an air compressor 2, a combustor 3, and a turbine 4. The turbine 4 has a rotating turbine rotor 9 (rotor) and a turbine casing 10 rotatably covering the turbine rotor 9. The turbine rotor 9 has a rotating shaft 9a at its axial center, and includes a plurality of moving blade arrays Y1, Y2, Y3. The moving blade arrays Y1, Y2, Y3... Are provided in the axial direction of the turbine rotor 9 at intervals. A plurality of stationary blades 11 is attached between the plurality of moving blade rows Y1, Y2, Y3... On the inner surface of the turbine casing 10. The turbine casing 10 is provided with a passage detection sensor pair 20 for detecting the passage of the moving blade rows Y1, Y2, Y3. The air compressor 2 has a compressor rotor 5 and a compressor casing 6 rotatably covering the same. The combustor 3 receives the fuel gas and the compressed air from the air compressor 2 and ejects them by the fuel supplier 7, and the fuel gas and the compressed air are injected from the fuel supplier 7 into the interior to burn the fuel gas. And a combustion cylinder 8 which forms a region.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a moving blade monitoring system according to the present embodiment.
The moving blade monitoring system 200 includes a moving blade monitoring device 1 and a passage detection sensor pair 20. The moving blade arrays Y1, Y2, Y3... Are respectively constituted by a plurality of moving blades B attached in the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor 9. FIG. 2 shows a plurality of moving blades B (B1-1, B1-2, B1-3...) Provided in the moving blade array Y1 as an example. The moving blade monitoring device 1 is provided with a plurality of passage detection sensor pairs 20 at a position on the inner surface of the turbine casing 10 facing the circumference around which the moving blade B rotates. The passage detection sensor pair 20 is mounted on the turbine casing 10 in the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor 9 as a pair of the first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22. Although the first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22 will be described by way of example in the present embodiment as a pair, they are adjacent to each other as a pair and do not line up in order. It may be provided at a position separated in the direction. In the present embodiment, the second sensor 22 detects the moving blade B first, and the first sensors 21 are attached side by side in the circumferential direction so as to detect the same moving blade B later in time. The arrangement order of the second sensor 22 and the first sensor 21 may be reversed. The passage detection sensor pair 20 may be provided on the inner surface of the turbine casing 10 at intervals along the entire circumferential direction. Similarly, a plurality of passage detection sensor pairs 20 including a first sensor 21 and a second sensor 22 are attached circumferentially at the position of the turbine casing 10 facing the other moving blade row Y. The first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22 are connected to the main body of the moving blade monitoring device 1 via an electrical signal cable. The moving blade monitoring device 1 includes a rotation detection sensor 30 that detects one rotation of the turbine rotor 9. The rotation detection sensor 30 has a mechanism for detecting one rotation of the turbine rotor 9 and outputting a predetermined pulse wave indicating the detection time.

The first sensor 21 is an eddy current sensor. The eddy current sensor generates high frequency magnetic flux from the sensor coil. An eddy current is generated on the surface of the moving blade B which is a metal. The magnitude of this eddy current changes with the distance between the eddy current sensor and the moving blade B. The first sensor 21 which is an eddy current sensor outputs a blade passage detection signal indicating a voltage value corresponding to the distance between the first sensor 21 and the moving blade B based on the eddy current.
The second sensor 22 is an optical sensor. As an example, an optical sensor is a laser sensor which irradiates a laser beam to the moving blade B and detects the reflected light reflected by the moving blade B. The first sensor 21 which is an optical sensor outputs a blade passage detection signal having a larger voltage value as the intensity of the received reflected light is larger.
The moving blade monitoring device 1 detects that the moving blade B has passed the installation position of the first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22 based on these blade passage detection signals.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a blade passage detection signal according to the present embodiment.
As an example, the blade passing detection signal which the 1st sensor 21 outputs is shown in FIG. As this figure shows, the blade passing detection signal of the present embodiment becomes a large voltage value when the moving blade B passes in the immediate vicinity of the first sensor 21. Therefore, when the blades are provided at equal intervals radially in the circumferential direction of the turbine rotor 9, the blade passage detection signal has a waveform in which the local maximum value of the signal appears periodically. The moving blade monitoring device 1 sequentially detects the passing time of each moving blade B sequentially from the blade passing detection signal having a voltage value equal to or higher than the blade passing detection threshold value th 1, and based on the passing time, the vibration amplitude of the moving blade B etc. Monitor the status of The blade passage detection signal may be a signal having a low voltage value equal to or less than a threshold value when the moving blade B passes in the immediate vicinity of the first sensor 21.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the monitoring result.
The upper diagram (41) of FIG. 4 is detected by a plurality of first sensors 21-1, 21-2, 21-3,..., 21-n sequentially attached in the circumferential direction of a certain moving blade row Y The passage detection timing of each moving blade B1-1, B1-2, B1-3, ..., B1-N is shown. As for the moving blade B1-1 in the upper diagram (41), in the first sensors 21-1, 21-2, 21-3,..., 21-n, τ1, τ2, τ3, τ1, τ2 are more than the reference timing. ..., there is a time difference of τN. The vibration width specifying unit 113 may generate a vibration displacement waveform indicating the displacement δ of the vibration amplitude as shown in the lower diagram (42) of FIG. 4 for each moving blade, using such a signal. The vibration width specifying unit 113 may output the monitoring result in the lower part (42) of FIG. 4 to the output unit 115. When the amplitude of the vibration displacement waveform is large, it can be determined that the moving blade is abnormal. The vibration amplitude of the moving blade B calculated by the vibration width specifying unit 113 is equal to the vibration displacement shown in FIG. 4 (42).

FIG. 5 is a view showing detection ranges of the first sensor and the second sensor.
FIG. 5A shows the detection range 211 of the first sensor 21 which is an eddy current sensor, and FIG. 5B shows the detection range 221 of the second sensor 22 which is an optical sensor. The arrow in the drawing indicates the rotation direction of the moving blade B, and each of the first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22 detects the moving blade B on the straight line L.
Here, the eddy current sensor of the first sensor 21 has a wide detection range 221 due to the configuration of the sensor coil. On the other hand, in order to detect the passage of the moving blade B, the optical sensor of the second sensor 22 may emit a laser beam and receive the reflected light, so that the miniaturization of the light source and the light receiver is more remarkable. There is an advantage that the detection range 221 can be narrowed as compared with the eddy current sensor. Therefore, the passage time of one point of the object passing through the narrower detection range 221 is shorter than the passage time of one point of the object passing through the wider detection range 211, so the rising and falling of the passage detection of the object become clear. The optical sensor of the second sensor 22 can detect the passage timing more accurately than the eddy current sensor of the one sensor 21. The detection sensitivity of the first sensor 21 having a wider detection range 211 is weak because the detection range 211 is wider, and detection of the blade passing timing may be delayed. In this case, the blade passing timing detected by the first sensor 21 may be later than the blade passing timing detected by the second sensor 22, whereby the vibration amplitude may be calculated to be smaller. Therefore, the moving blade monitoring device 1 according to the present embodiment normally calculates the vibration amplitude of the moving blade B using the moving blade passing signal obtained from the second sensor 22.

  However, when steam is contained between the moving blade B and the second sensor 22, the second sensor 22 can not sufficiently detect the reflected light reflected by the moving blade B and noise is generated in the blade passage detection signal. Or, there is a disadvantage that it can not detect the passing of the wing. On the other hand, the eddy current sensor of the first sensor 21 is a blade passage detection signal indicating passage of the moving blade B without being affected by steam even if steam is contained between the first sensor 21 and the moving blade. Noise is less likely to occur. Therefore, the moving blade monitoring system 200 according to the present embodiment uses the passing timing of the moving blade B based on the value of the blade passing detection signal which is usually the detection value of the second sensor 22 to obtain the vibration amplitude of the blade vibration of the moving blade B. calculate. The passage timing of the moving blade B is the timing of the signal rise which exceeds the threshold value th1 indicated by the signal in FIG. Alternatively, in the case where the blade passage detection signal is a signal having a low voltage value equal to or less than the threshold value detected when the blade B passes, it may be the timing of falling of the signal equal to or less than the threshold value. When an abnormality occurs in a signal such as noise occurring in the blade passage detection signal detected by the second sensor 22, the moving blade monitoring system 200 uses the vibration amplitude based on the blade passage detection signal of the first sensor 21. , Calibration using the past blade passing detection signal of the second sensor 22, and outputting a calibration value indicating the calibrated vibration amplitude. The blade passage detection signal in which noise is generated may be, for example, the case where the waveform of the signal shown in FIG. 3 is disturbed or the case where the threshold value th1 is not exceeded continues.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of the moving blade monitoring device according to the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 6, the moving blade monitoring device 1 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 101, a read only memory (ROM) 102, a random access memory (RAM) 103, a hard disk drive (HDD) 104, and a signal receiving module 105. It is a computer provided.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the moving blade monitoring device according to the present embodiment.
The CPU 101 of the moving blade monitoring and monitoring unit 1 executes a moving blade monitoring program stored in advance by its own device, whereby the control unit 111, the detected value acquiring unit 112, the vibration width specifying unit 113, the calibration value generating unit 114, and the output unit 115 Of each configuration.

The control unit 111 controls each functional unit provided in the moving blade monitoring device 1.
The detection value acquisition unit 112 acquires a blade passing detection signal which is a detection value from each of the first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22.
When the blade passage detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22 is normal, the vibration width specifying unit 113 specifies the blade A vibration amplitude based on the blade passage detection signal. When the blade passing detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22 indicates an abnormality, the vibration width specifying unit 113 instructs the calibration value generation unit 114 to calibrate the vibration amplitude.
When the blade passage detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22 indicates an abnormality, the calibration value generation unit 114 obtains the blade passage detection signal obtained from the first sensor 21 in the past obtained from the first sensor 21. Calibrate using wing pass detection signal.
The output unit 115 outputs the value of the vibration amplitude calculated by the vibration width specification unit 113 or the calibration value generation unit 114.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the moving blade monitoring device according to the present embodiment.
Next, the process flow of the moving blade monitoring device 1 will be described in order.
While the turbine 100 is driven and the rotor 9 is rotating, the detection value acquisition unit 112 of the moving blade monitoring device 1 obtains a moving blade detection signal from each of the first sensor 21 and the second sensor 22 (step S101). The detected value acquiring unit 112 determines whether there is an abnormality in the moving blade detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22 (step S102). When there is no abnormality in the moving blade detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22, the detection value acquisition unit 112 outputs the moving blade detection signal to the vibration width specifying unit 113. The vibration width specifying unit 113 normally calculates the vibration amplitude of the moving blade B based on the moving blade detection signal of the second sensor 22 (step S103). The output unit 115 inputs the calculated vibration amplitude, and outputs the vibration amplitude to a predetermined device or processing unit (step S104). Further, the recording unit 116 records the calculated vibration amplitude on the HDD 104 in association with the ID of the second sensor 22. That is, the vibration width specifying unit 113 sequentially calculates the vibration amplitude for each of the blades B1-1, B1-2,... Of the moving blade B, and the recording unit 116 records the vibration amplitude.

  When an abnormality occurs in the moving blade detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22 in step S102, the detection value acquisition unit 112 outputs the moving blade detection signal obtained from the first sensor 21 to the vibration width specifying unit 113. The vibration width specifying unit 113 calculates the vibration amplitude X of the moving blade B based on the moving blade detection signal obtained from the first sensor 21 and the vibration amplitude Y based on the moving blade detection signal obtained from the second sensor (step S105) ). The vibration width specifying unit 113 outputs the vibration amplitude of the moving blade B calculated based on the moving blade detection signal obtained from the first sensor to the calibration value generation unit 114.

  The calibration value generation unit 114 generates the vibration amplitude X of the moving blade B based on the moving blade detection signal obtained from the first sensor 21 and the vibration amplitude Y of the moving blade B based on the moving blade detection signal obtained from the second sensor 22. To calculate the calibration coefficient α (step S106). Specifically, the inclination of the approximate straight line of the plotted values of the vibration amplitudes in the graph in which the vibration amplitude X and the vibration amplitude Y calculated in step S105 are plotted with the vibration amplitude Y as the vertical axis and the vibration amplitude X as the horizontal axis. Calculated as a calibration coefficient α. Then, the calibration value generation unit 114 calculates the calibration value of the vibration amplitude by multiplying the vibration amplitude X by the moving blade detection signal obtained from the first sensor 21 calculated in step S105 by the calibration coefficient α (step S107). The output unit 115 inputs the calculated calibration value of the vibration amplitude, and outputs the vibration amplitude to a predetermined device or processing unit (step S108). Further, the recording unit 116 records the calculated vibration amplitude on the HDD 104 in association with the ID of the first sensor 21.

  Even if the blade detection signal is abnormal by containing steam or the like in the space between each sensor through which the blade passes by the above processing, the detection accuracy of the vibration amplitude of the blade can be improved. it can.

  In the moving blade monitoring system 200, an electromagnetic sensor may be used instead of the laser sensor which is one of the optical sensors. The electromagnetic sensor also has a narrow detection range as compared to the eddy current sensor. Therefore, as in the above-described process, when there is no abnormality in the moving blade detection signal acquired from the electromagnetic sensor, the vibration amplitude is calculated based on the moving blade detection signal acquired from the electromagnetic sensor, and the abnormality in the moving blade detection signal In some cases, the vibration amplitude based on the rotor blade detection signal acquired from the electromagnetic sensor is similarly calibrated.

  In the above process, the recording unit 116 of the moving blade monitoring device 1 acquires an environmental attribute value such as the temperature near the moving blade B at the time when the vibration amplitude is calculated, and associates the vibration amplitude and the moving blade with the attribute value. The value of detection timing may be recorded. Then, when there is an abnormality in the rotor blade detection signal of the second sensor 22, the calibration value generation unit 114 of the rotor blade monitoring device 1 determines the vibration amplitude and the rotor blade detection timing according to the environmental attribute value such as the current temperature. The calibration coefficients may be calculated based on the acquired values. The environmental attribute value may indicate a value for an environment other than temperature. The calculation process of this calibration coefficient is the same as that described above. By such processing, the vibration amplitude of the moving blade can be calculated with higher accuracy by only the eddy current sensor.

  The above-mentioned moving blade monitoring device 1 has a computer system inside. Then, a program for causing the moving blade monitoring device 1 to perform each process described above is stored in a computer readable recording medium of the moving blade monitoring device 1, and the computer of the moving blade monitoring device 1 executes this program. The above process is performed by reading and executing. Here, the computer readable recording medium refers to a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory or the like. Alternatively, the computer program may be distributed to a computer through a communication line, and the computer that has received the distribution may execute the program.

  Further, the program may be for realizing a part of the functions of each processing unit described above. Furthermore, it may be a so-called difference file (difference program) that can realize the above-described functions in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.

1 ... moving blade monitoring device 21 ... first sensor 22 ... second sensor 30 ... rotation detection sensor B ... moving blade Y ... moving blade row 111 ... control unit 112 ... · · · Detection value acquisition unit 113 · · · Vibration width specification unit 114 · · · Calibration value generation unit 115 · · · Output unit 101 · · · CPU
102 ... ROM
103 ... RAM
104 ... HDD
105: Signal receiving module

Claims (8)

An eddy current type first sensor that detects the passage of a moving blade rotating about an axis without contact from the stator side;
A second sensor having a sensing area smaller than the first sensor and detecting the passage of the moving blade without contact from the stator side;
A moving blade monitoring device having a calibration value generation unit that generates a calibration value of the detection value of the first sensor based on a detection value of the second sensor; and an output unit that outputs the calibration value;
Rotor blade monitoring system equipped with The moving blade monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are provided at predetermined intervals in the rotational direction of the moving blade. The calibration value generation unit performs calibration based on a first passing timing of the moving blade, which is the detection value of the first sensor, and a second passing timing of the moving blade, which is the detection value of the second sensor. The moving blade monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a coefficient is calculated, and the calibration value is multiplied by the vibration amplitude of blade vibration of the moving blade based on the first passage timing to generate the calibration value. The output unit outputs the vibration amplitude of blade vibration of the moving blade using the second passing timing of the moving blade, which is a detected value of the second sensor, and noise is generated in the detected value of the second passing timing. The moving blade monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calibration value of the vibration amplitude is output in the case where it is detected. The moving blade monitoring device
A recording unit that records the calibration value according to the attribute related to the moving blade in a storage unit;
A vibration width identification unit that reads the calibration value based on the current attribute from the storage unit;
The blade monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: It has an eddy current type first sensor that detects the passage of a moving blade rotating about an axis without contact from the stator side, and a sensing area smaller than the first sensor, and the passing of the moving blade from the stator side An acquisition unit that acquires detection values from each of the second sensors that detect without contact;
A calibration value generation unit that generates a calibration value of the detection value of the first sensor based on the detection value of the second sensor;
An output unit that outputs the calibration value;
Rotor blade monitoring device equipped with The first eddy current sensor detects the passage of the moving blade rotating about the axis without contact from the stator side,
The second sensor has a smaller sensitive area than the first sensor, and detects the passage of the moving blade without contact from the stator side,
A moving blade monitoring method, wherein a moving blade monitoring device generates a calibration value of a detection value of the first sensor based on a detection value of the second sensor, and outputs the calibration value. The rotor monitoring computer,
It has an eddy current type first sensor that detects the passage of a moving blade rotating about an axis without contact from the stator side, and a sensing area smaller than the first sensor, and the passing of the moving blade from the stator side Acquisition means for acquiring detection values from each of the second sensor for detecting without contact,
Calibration value generation means for generating a calibration value of the detection value of the first sensor based on the detection value of the second sensor;
Output means for outputting the calibration value;
A program to function as

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