JP2019056020A - Aqueous coating composition - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an aqueous coating composition capable of forming a coating film having excellent coating film performance even when cured at a low temperature.SOLUTION: There is provided an aqueous coating composition which comprises an aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxy group and a carboxyl group, a polyisocyanate compound (B), a hydrophilization modified carbodiimide compound (C) and a melamine resin (D), wherein the aqueous resin having a hydroxy group and a carboxyl group (A1) has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH/mg and an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH/mg in terms of resin solid content, the melamine resin (D) has an average number of imino groups per melamine nucleus of 1.0 or more and an average number of methylol groups per melamine nucleus of 0.5 or more, the content of the melamine resin (D) contained in the aqueous coating composition is 3 to 23 mass% based on the resin solid content of the aqueous coating composition and the gel fraction of a cured product of an equal mass mixture of the polyisocyanate compound (B) and the melamine resin (D) is in the range of 80 to 100%.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to a water-based coating composition that can be suitably used for painting automobile bodies and the like.

  A plurality of coating films having various roles are sequentially formed on the surface of an object such as an automobile body to protect the object to be coated and at the same time impart a beautiful appearance and an excellent design. As a method for forming such a plurality of coating films, for example, for steel sheets, an undercoat coating film such as an electrodeposition coating film is formed on an object having excellent conductivity, and an intermediate coating film is formed thereon. A method of sequentially forming a film, a base coating film and a clear coating film is common.

By the way, in recent years, due to further demand for environmental load reduction such as energy saving and CO ₂ emission reduction, it is required to lower the heat curing temperature in coating film formation. Further, in the automobile manufacturing field, further weight reduction of the automobile body is required in accordance with the development of electric vehicles. Reducing the weight of an automobile body brings about an improvement in fuel consumption, and is also effective in terms of energy saving and CO ₂ emission reduction. One method for reducing the weight of an automobile body is to replace the steel plate with a resin.

  In conventional coating on steel plates and resin members, it is common to use separate coating compositions in consideration of the characteristics and softening temperature of each member. On the other hand, in the painting of automobile bodies, there is a demand for the common use of paint compositions used for painting various components for the purpose of simplifying the painting process and painting management, and improving the hue consistency of the painted products. is there. However, when the coating composition used for the steel plate and the resin member is shared, it is necessary to design the curing temperature of the coating composition to be lower than the conventional curing temperature in consideration of the heat resistance of the resin member. Furthermore, when a coating film is formed on an object having both a steel plate portion and a resin portion, deformation may occur due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient of each member during heat curing. Therefore, it is extremely important to lower the heat curing temperature and minimize the influence of the thermal history on each member in the common use of the coating composition.

  On the other hand, by lowering the heat curing temperature, the crosslinking density of the resulting coating film is lowered, and the coating film performance such as water resistance and chipping resistance may be inferior.

  JP-A-2011-131135 (Patent Document 1) discloses that an intermediate coating film is formed by coating an aqueous intermediate coating composition on a substrate having both a steel plate and a plastic substrate. An aqueous base coating composition is applied onto the coating film to form a base coating film, and then an organic solvent-type clear coating composition is applied to form a clear coating film. A method for forming a multilayer coating film in which three layers of a clear coating film are heated and cured, wherein the aqueous base coating composition comprises (a) an acrylic resin emulsion, (b) a water-soluble acrylic resin, and (c) melamine It describes about the formation method of the multilayer coating film containing resin and (d) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether. On the other hand, when the multilayer coating film obtained by this forming method is cured at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower, for example, there is a possibility that sufficient chipping resistance may not be obtained.

JP 2011-131135 A

  The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to form a coating film having good coating film hardness and water resistance even under heating conditions under low temperature conditions. An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous coating composition.

［Ｘは、少なくとも１個のカルボジイミド基を含有する２官能性有機基であり、Ｙは、同一または異種のポリアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルから水酸基を除いた構造であり、Ｚは、数平均分子量２００〜５，０００の２官能ポリオールから水酸基を除いた構造である。］

［Ｘは少なくとも１個のカルボジイミド基を含有する２官能性有機基であり、Ｙは、同一または異種のポリアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルから水酸基を除いた構造であり、Ｒ^０は、水素、メチル基、またはエチル基であり、Ｒ^１は、炭素数４以下のアルキレン基であり、ｎは０または１であり、ｍは０〜６０である。］

［Ｘは、少なくとも１個のカルボジイミド基を含有する２官能性有機基であり、Ｙは、同一または異種のポリアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルから水酸基を除いた構造である。］
上記メラミン樹脂（Ｄ）は、メラミン核１個当たりの平均イミノ基量が１．０個以上であり、かつ、平均メチロール基が０．５個以上であり、
上記水性塗料組成物中に含まれるメラミン樹脂（Ｄ）の含有量は、上記水性塗料組成物の樹脂固形分に対して３〜２３質量％であり、および
上記ポリイソシアネート化合物（Ｂ）およびメラミン樹脂（Ｄ）の等質量混合物の硬化物のゲル分率が、８０〜１００％の範囲内である、
水性塗料組成物。
［２］
上記親水化変性カルボジイミド化合物（Ｃ）の含有量は、上記水性塗料組成物の樹脂固形分に対して１〜８質量％である、水性塗料組成物。
［３］
上記水性塗料組成物中に含まれる水性樹脂（Ａ１）が有する酸基の当量に対する、上記親水化変性カルボジイミド化合物（Ｃ）が有するカルボジイミド基の当量の比が、０．１〜０．６である、水性塗料組成物。
［４］
上記水性塗料組成物を被塗物に塗装して、未硬化の塗膜を形成する、塗膜形成工程、
得られた塗膜を、加熱して硬化する、硬化工程、
を包含する、塗膜形成方法。
［５］
水性中塗り塗料組成物を被塗物に塗装して、未硬化の中塗り塗膜を形成する、中塗り塗膜形成工程、
得られた未硬化の中塗り塗膜の上に、水性ベース塗料組成物を塗装して、未硬化のベース塗膜を形成する、ベース塗膜形成工程、
得られた未硬化の中塗り塗膜およびベース塗膜を加熱して硬化する、硬化工程、
を包含する、複層塗膜形成方法であって、
上記水性中塗り塗料組成物が、上記水性塗料組成物であり、
上記水性ベース塗料組成物は、
水酸基およびカルボキシル基を有する水性樹脂（Ａ２）、
メラミン樹脂（Ｅ）、
弱酸触媒（Ｆ）、および
水性ポリウレタン樹脂（Ｇ）、
を含む水性塗料組成物であり、
上記水性ベース塗料組成物中に含まれる、水酸基およびカルボキシル基を有する水性樹脂（Ａ２）は、樹脂固形分換算で、８０〜２００ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇの水酸基価を有し、
上記メラミン樹脂（Ｅ）は、メラミン核１個当たりの平均イミノ基量が１．０個以上であり、かつ、平均メチロール基が０．５個以上であり、
上記水性ベース塗料組成物中に含まれる水性樹脂（Ａ２）およびメラミン樹脂（Ｅ）の質量比が、固形分換算で、（Ａ２）／（Ｅ）＝０．７〜３の範囲内であり、
上記水性ベース塗料組成物中に含まれる弱酸触媒（Ｆ）の含有量が、上記水性ベース塗料組成物中に含まれる水性樹脂（Ａ２）およびメラミン樹脂（Ｅ）の固形分質量（（Ａ２）＋（Ｅ））１００質量部に対して、０．１〜１０．０質量部であり、
上記水性ポリウレタン樹脂（Ｇ）は、ガラス転移点（Ｔｇ）が−５０℃以下であり、
上記水性ポリウレタン樹脂（Ｇ）の硬化膜の破断伸度が−２０℃において４００％以上である、
複層塗膜形成方法。
［６］
上記水性ポリウレタン樹脂（Ｇ）の含有量は、上記水性ベース塗料組成物の樹脂固形分に対して８質量％以上３０質量％以下である、上記複層塗膜形成方法。
［７］
上記弱酸触媒（Ｆ）が、リン酸エステル化合物を含むものであり、および、
上記弱酸触媒（Ｆ）の含有量が、上記水性ベース塗料組成物中に含まれる水性樹脂（Ａ２）およびメラミン樹脂（Ｅ）の固形分質量（（Ａ２）＋（Ｅ））１００質量部に対して、０．１〜５．０質量部である、上記複層塗膜形成方法。
［８］
上記被塗物は、鋼板部および樹脂部を含む上記複層塗膜形成方法。
［９］
上記ベース塗膜形成工程で得られた未硬化のベース塗膜の上に、クリヤー塗料組成物を塗装して、未硬化のクリヤー塗膜を形成する、クリヤー塗膜形成工程、をさらに包含し、
上記硬化工程は、得られた未硬化の中塗り塗膜、ベース塗膜およびクリヤー塗膜を、加熱して硬化する工程である、
上記複層塗膜形成方法。
［１０］
上記硬化工程における加熱温度は、６８〜１２０℃である、上記複層塗膜形成方法。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following aspects.
[1]
An aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group,
Polyisocyanate compound (B),
Hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (C) and melamine resin (D)
An aqueous coating composition comprising:
The aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g and an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g in terms of resin solid content,
The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) is represented by the following general formula (I), (II) or (III),

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, Y is a structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and Z is a number average molecular weight of 200. It is the structure remove | excluding the hydroxyl group from -5,000 bifunctional polyol. ]

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, Y is a structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and R ⁰ is a hydrogen or methyl group. Or an ethyl group, R ¹ is an alkylene group having 4 or less carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, and m is 0-60. ]

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, and Y has a structure in which a hydroxyl group is removed from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. ]
The melamine resin (D) has an average imino group amount per melamine nucleus of 1.0 or more, and an average methylol group of 0.5 or more.
Content of the melamine resin (D) contained in the said aqueous coating composition is 3-23 mass% with respect to the resin solid content of the said aqueous coating composition, and the said polyisocyanate compound (B) and melamine resin The gel fraction of the cured product of the equal mass mixture of (D) is in the range of 80 to 100%.
Water-based paint composition.
[2]
Content of the said hydrophilization modified carbodiimide compound (C) is a water-based coating composition which is 1-8 mass% with respect to the resin solid content of the said water-based coating composition.
[3]
The ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) to the equivalent of the acid group of the aqueous resin (A1) contained in the aqueous coating composition is 0.1 to 0.6. A water-based paint composition.
[4]
A coating film forming step of coating the water-based coating composition on the object to be coated to form an uncured coating film,
The obtained coating film is heated and cured, a curing step,
A method for forming a coating film.
[5]
An intermediate coating film forming step of forming an uncured intermediate coating film by coating a water-based intermediate coating composition on an object to be coated;
A base coating film forming step for forming an uncured base coating film by coating an aqueous base coating composition on the obtained uncured intermediate coating film,
A curing step of heating and curing the obtained uncured intermediate coating film and base coating film,
A method for forming a multilayer coating film, comprising:
The aqueous intermediate coating composition is the aqueous coating composition,
The aqueous base coating composition is:
An aqueous resin (A2) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group,
Melamine resin (E),
A weak acid catalyst (F), and an aqueous polyurethane resin (G),
An aqueous paint composition comprising
The aqueous resin (A2) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group contained in the aqueous base coating composition has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g in terms of resin solid content,
The melamine resin (E) has an average imino group amount per melamine nucleus of 1.0 or more and an average methylol group of 0.5 or more,
The mass ratio of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is in the range of (A2) / (E) = 0.7-3 in terms of solid content,
The content of the weak acid catalyst (F) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is such that the solid content mass of the aqueous resin (A2) and melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition ((A2) + (E)) 0.1 to 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass,
The aqueous polyurethane resin (G) has a glass transition point (Tg) of −50 ° C. or lower,
The elongation at break of the cured film of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is 400% or more at −20 ° C.,
A method for forming a multilayer coating film.
[6]
Content of the said water-based polyurethane resin (G) is the said multilayer coating-film formation method which is 8 to 30 mass% with respect to the resin solid content of the said aqueous base coating composition.
[7]
The weak acid catalyst (F) contains a phosphate ester compound, and
The content of the weak acid catalyst (F) is based on 100 parts by mass of the solid content mass ((A2) + (E)) of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition. The method for forming a multilayer coating film, wherein the content is 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass.
[8]
The multilayer coating film forming method, wherein the object to be coated includes a steel plate portion and a resin portion.
[9]
A clear coating film forming step of coating the clear coating composition on the uncured base coating film obtained in the base coating film forming step to form an uncured clear coating film;
The curing step is a step of heating and curing the obtained uncured intermediate coating film, base coating film and clear coating film,
The method for forming a multilayer coating film.
[10]
The heating method in the said hardening process is the said multilayer coating-film formation method which is 68-120 degreeC.

  The water-based coating composition of the present invention has an advantage that a cured coating film having excellent coating film properties can be obtained even under heating conditions under low temperature conditions (for example, heating conditions of 100 ° C. or lower). The aqueous coating composition of the present invention is, for example, a steel plate part that requires excellent coating properties (coating hardness, water resistance, chipping resistance, etc.) in spite of difficulty in high-temperature heat curing treatment. And it can use suitably for the coating of the to-be-coated object which has a resin part.

Aqueous paint composition The aqueous paint composition used in the method of the present invention comprises an aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, a polyisocyanate compound (B), a hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C), and a melamine resin ( D).

Water-based resin having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group (A1)
The aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group is a binder component that undergoes a curing reaction with the polyisocyanate compound (B) and the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C). And the aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group used in the present invention is:
-The hydroxyl value in terms of resin solid content is 80-200 mgKOH / g,
-The acid value in terms of resin solid content is 10 to 40 mg KOH / g,
Is a requirement.
The hydroxyl value in terms of resin solid content is more preferably 80 to 160 mgKOH / g, and the acid value in terms of resin solid content is more preferably 15 to 35 mgKOH / g.

  The aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group used in the present invention has a higher hydroxyl value than the acid value. By including such an aqueous resin (A1) and the components (B) to (C), good chipping resistance can be obtained even when the aqueous coating composition is applied and then cured at a low temperature. There are benefits to be gained.

  The aqueous resin (A1) may be composed of a single resin that satisfies the above requirements for the hydroxyl value and acid value in terms of resin solids, or a plurality that satisfies the above requirements for the hydroxyl value and acid value. You may be comprised from these resin.

  The aqueous resin (A1) has two types of functional groups, a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, as reactive groups involved in curing. In the aqueous coating composition of the present invention, the hydroxyl group of the aqueous resin (A1) reacts with the polyisocyanate compound (B), and the carboxyl group of the aqueous resin (A1) reacts with the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C).

  The type of the aqueous resin (A1) is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the requirements for the hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, but an acrylic resin and / or a polyester resin are preferable because they are easy to produce and obtain. . From the viewpoint of adjusting the physical properties of the coating film, it is preferable to use an acrylic resin alone or a mixture of an acrylic resin and a polyester resin as the aqueous resin (A1). For example, when used as an intermediate coating composition, it is more preferable to use a mixture of an acrylic resin and a polyester resin as the aqueous resin (A1). For example, when used as a top coat base coating composition, it is more preferable to use an acrylic resin as the aqueous resin (A1).

  Examples of the acrylic resin that can be suitably used as the aqueous resin (A1) include a monomer containing an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a hydroxyl group and an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group. By subjecting the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group to acrylic copolymerization in an amount that satisfies the above-mentioned requirements for the hydroxyl value and acid value, the desired resin can be obtained.

  Examples of the α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a hydroxyl group include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, allyl alcohol, and methacryl. Mention may be made of adducts of alcohol, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and ε-caprolactone. Among these, preferred are 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, and an adduct of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and ε-caprolactone. In this specification, “(meth) acryl” means both acrylic and methacrylic.

  Further, α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a carboxyl group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid dimer, crotonic acid, 2-acryloyloxyethylphthalic acid, 2-acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, ω- Carboxy-polycaprolactone mono (meth) acrylate, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and the like can be mentioned. Among these, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferable.

  In the acrylic copolymerization for obtaining the aqueous resin (A1), other α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be used as necessary. Examples of the other α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomers include (meth) acrylate esters (for example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic). N-butyl acid, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, phenyl acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, ( (Meth) acrylic acid t-butylcyclohexyl, (meth) acrylic acid dicyclopentadienyl, (meth) acrylic acid dihydrodicyclopentadienyl, etc.), polymerizable amide compounds (for example, (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol ( (Meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth) acrylic Amide etc.).

  Examples of the method for obtaining the aqueous resin (A1) include a method of obtaining an acrylic resin after performing solution polymerization, and a method of obtaining an emulsion by performing emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium.

  When the emulsion polymerization is carried out to obtain an emulsion, a crosslinkable monomer can be used as the other α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The crosslinkable monomer is a compound having two or more radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule, and examples thereof include divinylbenzene, allyl (meth) acrylate, and ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate. .

  The above-mentioned solution polymerization is generally a method in which a mixture of α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomers used as raw materials is stirred while being dropped into a solvent together with a polymerization initiator under heating conditions. The conditions for solution polymerization are, for example, a polymerization temperature of 60 to 160 ° C. and a dropping time of 0.5 to 10 hours. The α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer used as the raw material can be polymerized in two stages. In this case, it is sufficient that the α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer used as a raw material satisfies the requirements for the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group as a whole.

  The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is used for normal polymerization, and examples thereof include azo compounds and peroxides. Generally, the amount of the polymerization initiator with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture is 0.1 to 18 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 12 parts by mass.

  Moreover, the solvent which can be used here will not be specifically limited if it does not have a bad influence on reaction, For example, alcohol, a ketone, ether, a hydrocarbon solvent, etc. are mentioned. Furthermore, in order to adjust the molecular weight, a mercaptan such as lauryl mercaptan and a chain transfer agent such as α-methylstyrene dimer can be used as necessary.

  Thus, the number average molecular weight of the acrylic resin obtained by solution polymerization is preferably 4,000 to 20,000. In this specification, the number average molecular weight of the acrylic resin obtained by solution polymerization can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a polystyrene standard sample standard.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the glass transition point (Tg) of an acrylic resin exists in the range of -20-80 degreeC. The glass transition point of an acrylic resin can be calculated | required by calculation from the kind and quantity of the monomer used for preparation of an acrylic resin. Moreover, you may measure the glass transition point of an acrylic resin with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

  The aqueous resin (A1) can be obtained by removing the solvent as necessary from the acrylic resin obtained by the solution polymerization and then adding the basic compound to make it aqueous. Examples of the basic compound include ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, triethanolamine and the like. The amount of the basic compound added is preferably such that the neutralization rate is 60 to 100% with respect to the carboxyl group of the acrylic resin obtained by the solution polymerization. When the neutralization rate is less than 60%, the aqueous solution is not sufficient and the storage stability may be inferior. The resin solid content of the aqueous resin (A1) thus obtained is generally 25 to 55% by mass.

  The acrylic resin thus obtained can be used as an acrylic water dispersion. Such an acrylic water dispersion preferably has a volume average particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 1 μm. When the volume average particle diameter is in the above range, there is an advantage that the stability of the aqueous dispersion is improved and the appearance of the obtained coating film is improved. The same applies to the acrylic emulsion described later, and the volume average particle diameter can be adjusted by adjusting the monomer composition and / or the emulsion polymerization conditions.

  In the preparation of the aqueous resin (A1), when emulsion polymerization is performed in an aqueous medium, for example, the emulsifier is dissolved in an aqueous medium containing water or an organic solvent such as alcohol as necessary, and heated. Under stirring, a mixture of an α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer used as a raw material and a polymerization initiator can be added dropwise. What mixed the (alpha), (beta) -ethylenically unsaturated monomer used as a raw material may be previously emulsified using an emulsifier and water.

  Examples of the polymerization initiator that can be suitably used for emulsion polymerization include azo oily compounds (for example, azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), and 2,2′- Azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) and the like, and aqueous compounds (for example, anionic 4,4′-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid), 2,2-azobis (N- (2-carboxyethyl)) -2-methylpropionamidine and cationic 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine)); and redox oily peroxides (eg, benzoyl peroxide, parachlorobenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and t-butyl perbenzoate), and aqueous peroxides such as potassium persulfate and persulfate Ammonium and the like).

  As the emulsifier, a general emulsifier usually used by those skilled in the art can be used. As emulsifiers, reactive emulsifiers such as Antox MS-60 (manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.), Eleminol JS-2 (manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Adekari Soap NE-20 (manufactured by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.) and Aqualon HS-10 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), Latem PD-104 (Kao Co., Ltd.) and the like are particularly preferable. In order to adjust the molecular weight, a mercaptan such as lauryl mercaptan and a chain transfer agent such as α-methylstyrene dimer can be used as necessary.

  The reaction temperature is determined by the initiator. For example, it is preferably 60 to 90 ° C. for an azo initiator or peroxide, and preferably 30 to 70 ° C. for a redox system. In general, the reaction time is 1 to 8 hours. Generally, the amount of the initiator with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer mixture is 0.1 to 5% by mass. The emulsion polymerization can be performed in multiple stages, for example, in two stages. That is, first, a part of the mixture of α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomers used as the raw material is subjected to emulsion polymerization, and the remainder of the α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer mixture is further added to emulsify. Polymerization is performed.

  The said emulsion can be used by pH 5-10 by neutralizing with a basic compound from a storage-stable viewpoint. The basic compound may be the same as that used in making the acrylic resin obtained in the previous solution polymerization aqueous. The neutralization is preferably performed by adding the basic compound to the system before or after emulsion polymerization.

  When an acrylic emulsion is used as the aqueous resin (A1), the number average molecular weight is preferably 10,000 to 80,000. The acrylic emulsion has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g, an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g, and a number average molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 80,000. In addition, there is an advantage that the crosslinking density in the obtained coating film is in a better range. This is because the number average molecular weight is in a relatively high range of 10,000 to 80,000, and the acrylic emulsion has many hydroxyl groups in the above range, so that the aqueous resin (A1) has hydroxyl groups. It is considered that the low-temperature curability of the reacting polyisocyanate compound (B) is ensured, and thereby the crosslink density in the obtained coating film is in a better range.

  The number average molecular weight of the acrylic emulsion can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standard sample standards after removing water by drying under reduced pressure or the like.

  The aqueous resin (A1) may contain a polyester resin. The polyester resin that can be used as the aqueous resin (A1) is generally prepared by condensing a polyhydric alcohol component and a polybasic acid component so as to satisfy the requirements for the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group. Can do.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol component include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2, 2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propane Examples thereof include hydroxycarboxylic acid components such as diol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol.

  Examples of the polybasic acid component include, for example, aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acids and acid anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride; Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, alicyclic polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides such as 1,4- and 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride, adipic acid, sebatin Examples thereof include polybasic acid components such as aliphatic polyvalent carboxylic acids such as acids and anhydrides, and anhydrides thereof. If necessary, a monobasic acid such as benzoic acid or t-butylbenzoic acid may be used in combination.

  Further, as reaction components, mono-epoxide compounds such as monohydric alcohol, Cardura E (trade name: manufactured by Ciel Chemical), and lactones (β-propiolactone, dimethylpropiolactone, butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, γ-caprolactone, etc.) may be used in combination.

  In addition to the above components, fatty acids such as castor oil and dehydrated castor oil, and an oil component that is one or a mixture of two or more of these fatty acids may be added to the acid component and the alcohol component. In addition, it is possible to graft an acrylic resin, a vinyl resin, or the like, or to react a polyisocyanate compound as long as the above requirements for the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group are satisfied.

  The number average molecular weight of the polyester resin thus obtained is preferably 500 to 20,000, and more preferably 1,500 to 10,000. If the number average molecular weight is less than 500, the storage stability when the polyester resin is dispersed in water may be lowered. On the other hand, when the number average molecular weight exceeds 20,000, the viscosity of the polyester resin is increased, so that the solid content concentration in the case of a coating composition is decreased, and the coating workability may be decreased.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the glass transition point of the said polyester resin is -20-80 degreeC. When the glass transition point is less than −20 ° C., the hardness of the resulting coating film may be reduced, and when it exceeds 80 ° C., the base concealability may be reduced. The glass transition point is more preferably 0 to 60 ° C. The glass transition point of the polyester resin can be obtained by calculation from the kind and amount of the monomer used for preparing the polyester resin, as in the case of the acrylic resin. Moreover, you may measure the glass transition point of a polyester resin with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

  The aqueous resin (A1) can be obtained by neutralizing the polyester resin thus obtained with the basic compounds mentioned above.

  The content of the aqueous resin (A1) contained in the aqueous coating composition of the present invention is preferably 30 to 80% by mass with respect to the resin solid content of the aqueous coating composition, and is 50 to 80% by mass. More preferably.

  For example, when the aqueous coating composition is used as an intermediate coating composition, when a mixture of an acrylic resin and a polyester resin is used as the aqueous resin (A1), the ratio of the acrylic resin to the polyester resin is acrylic resin / The polyester resin is preferably in the range of 7/1 to 0.5 / 1, and more preferably in the range of 6/1 to 1/1.

Polyisocyanate compound (B)
The aqueous coating composition of the present invention includes two components, a polyisocyanate compound (B) and a hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C), as components for curing the aqueous resin (A1). Here, the polyisocyanate compound (B) may be water-dispersible or hydrophobic. Even if it is hydrophobic, water dispersibility is ensured by the interaction with the hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (C) having excellent water dispersibility described later.

  Examples of hydrophobic polyisocyanate compounds (B) include tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), and metaxylylene diisocyanate (MXDI). Aromatic diisocyanates; Aliphatic diisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI); Cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hydrogenated MDI; Compounds in a form in which these diisocyanate compounds are made non-volatile and less toxic; Polyisocyanates such as burettes, uretdiones, isocyanurates or allophanates of diisocyanate compounds; relatively low molecular weight urethane prepolymers; Mention may be made of the compound.

  On the other hand, as the (B) polyisocyanate compound having water dispersibility, those obtained by introducing a hydrophilic group into the polyisocyanate compound and those obtained by mixing and emulsifying a surfactant, so-called self-emulsification Can be mentioned.

  Examples of the hydrophilic group include an anionic group such as a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group, a cationic group such as a tertiary amino group, and a nonionic group such as a polyoxyalkylene group. Among these, considering the water resistance of the resulting coating film, the hydrophilic group is preferably a nonionic group. As a specific nonionic group, a highly hydrophilic polyoxyethylene group is preferred.

  As the surfactant suitably used for the preparation of the self-emulsifying polyisocyanate compound obtained by mixing and emulsifying the polyisocyanate compound and the surfactant, for example, an anionic interface having an anionic group such as a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group Examples thereof include a surfactant, a cationic surfactant having a cationic group such as a tertiary amino group, and a nonionic surfactant having a nonionic group such as a polyoxyalkylene group. Among these, it is more preferable to use a nonionic surfactant in consideration of water resistance of the resulting coating film.

  A commercially available product may be used as the polyisocyanate compound (B) having water dispersibility. Commercially available products include AQUANATE 100, AQUANATE 110, AQUANATE 200, and AQUANATE 210 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.), Bihydur TPLS-2032, SUB-isocyanate L801, Bihjul VPLS-2319, Bihjur 3100, VPLS. -2336 and VPLS-2150 / 1, Bihijoule 305, Bihijoule XP-2655 (manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd.), Takenate WD-720, Takenate WD-725 and Takenate WD-220 (manufactured by Mitsui Takeda Chemical), Resamine D- 56 (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.).

  In the present invention, it is more preferable to use a polyisocyanate compound (B) having water dispersibility. In addition, as a polyisocyanate compound (B), 1 type may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used in combination.

  The content of the polyisocyanate compound (B) contained in the aqueous coating composition of the present invention is preferably 5 to 55% by mass with respect to the resin solid content of the aqueous coating composition, and 10 to 45% by mass. It is more preferable that

Hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (C)
The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) contained in the aqueous coating composition of the present invention has, in its molecule,
-OCONH-X-NHCOOY
[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, and Y has a structure in which a hydroxyl group is removed from a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. ]
One or more structural units represented by By having the above structural unit, it is considered that both excellent water dispersibility and excellent curability are obtained.

As the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C), there are three types, one having one structural unit, one having two structural units, and one having three structural units.
As what has two said structural units, there exists what is represented with the following general formula (I).

  In the above general formula (I), X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, Y is a structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and Z is It is a structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from a bifunctional polyol having a number average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000.

  Further, the above X can be represented by the following general formula (a).

In the general formula (a), R ² is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a phenylene group, a diphenylenemethyl group, a diphenylene (dimethyl) methyl group, a methylphenylene group, a dimethylphenylene group, a tetramethylxylylene group, a hexylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and a dicyclohexylenemethyl group. be able to. Preference is given to a dicyclohexylenemethyl group. The p is 1-10. p is the number of carbodiimide groups present in the structural unit, preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of curability, and more preferably 8 or less.

  In the present specification, the number of repetitions is expressed as an average value, not limited to p.

  Y can be represented by the following general formula (b) or (c).

In the general formulas (b) and (c), R ³ is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, and a stearyl group. R ⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom. q is 4-40. In the general formulas (b) and (c), when R ⁴ is hydrogen, the general formulas (b) and (c) show the same structure.

  In addition, said Z is a polymer structure comprised by the ether bond, the ester bond, or the carbonate bond, and it is difficult to formulate. About this, please refer to the description about the bifunctional polyol of the number average molecular weight 200-5,000 mentioned later.

  The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) having two structural units has a raw material carbodiimide compound containing at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule, a hydroxyl group at the molecular terminal, and a number average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000. To the reaction product obtained by reacting the above bifunctional polyol with a molar ratio of the isocyanate group of the raw material carbodiimide compound exceeding the molar amount of the hydroxyl group of the polyol, and further reacting with a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether Can be obtained.

  The raw material carbodiimide compound containing at least two isocyanate groups in the molecule preferably has isocyanate groups at both ends from the viewpoint of reactivity. The method for producing a raw material carbodiimide compound having an isocyanate group at both ends is well known by those skilled in the art, and for example, a condensation reaction involving decarbonization of an organic diisocyanate can be used.

  Specific examples of the organic diisocyanate include aromatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, and mixtures thereof. Specifically, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 4,4- Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4-diphenyldimethylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate Mixture with 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane 4,4-diisocyanate, and the like methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate. From the viewpoint of reactivity, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate is preferable.

  A carbodiimidization catalyst is usually used for the condensation reaction. Specific examples of the carbodiimidization catalyst include 1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 3-methyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 1-ethyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide, 3- Mention may be made of phospholene oxides such as methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide and their 3-phospholene isomers. From the viewpoint of reactivity, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide is preferable.

  Next, the bifunctional polyol having a hydroxyl group at the molecular end is not particularly limited, but the number average molecular weight is preferably 200 to 5,000 from the viewpoint of reaction efficiency. Specific examples of the bifunctional polyol having a hydroxyl group at the molecular terminal include polyether diol, polyester diol, and polycarbonate diol, such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene propylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, Polyalkylene glycols such as polyhexamethylene ether glycol and polyoctamethylene ether glycol, polyethylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, polyhexamethylene adipate, polyneopentyl adipate, poly-3-methylpentyl adipate, polyethylene / butylene adipate, polyneopentyl / Polyester diol such as hexyl adipate, polycaprolactone diol, poly-3- Polylactone diols such as chill valerolactone diol, polycarbonate diols such as polyhexamethylene carbonate diol and mixtures thereof and the like can be exemplified.

  The reaction between the raw material carbodiimide compound containing at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule and the bifunctional polyol having a hydroxyl group at the molecular end and a number average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 is the reaction of the raw material carbodiimide compound. The reaction is carried out at a ratio in which the molar amount of the isocyanate group exceeds the molar amount of the hydroxyl group of the polyol. When the molar amount of the isocyanate group is less than or equal to the molar amount of the hydroxyl group, the reaction of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether described later cannot be performed sufficiently.

  The ratio between the molar amount of the isocyanate group of the raw material carbodiimide compound and the molar amount of the hydroxyl group of the polyol having a hydroxyl group at the molecular end is from 1.0: 1.1 to 1.0: 2.0 is preferable. In addition, as for the polymerization degree of the raw material carbodiimide compound and the bifunctional polyol which has a hydroxyl group at the molecular terminal in the reaction product obtained by this process, 1-10 are preferable from a viewpoint of reaction efficiency.

  The reaction product thus obtained can be further reacted with a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether to obtain a hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (C) having two structural units. As the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, those represented by the following general formula (b ′) or (c ′) are used.

In the general formulas (b ′) and (c ′), the contents described in the general formulas (b) and (c) are applied as they are to R ³ , R ⁴ , and q. The type and q of R ^{4 in} the above unit are appropriately set within the above ranges in consideration of storage stability, water dispersibility, and reactivity after water volatilizes. From the viewpoint of water dispersibility, R ³ in the monoalkoxypolyalkylene glycol is preferably a methyl group and R ⁴ is preferably a hydrogen atom. Furthermore, 4-20 are preferable from the viewpoint of water dispersibility and the reactivity after water volatilizes, and 6-12 are more preferable.

  As the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether having a number average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 is preferably used. The alkyl group of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether include those composed of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or a mixture thereof having one end blocked with an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. As more detailed specific examples of such polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, for example, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, polyethylene glycol monolauryl ether having a number average molecular weight of 200 to 5,000, Examples thereof include polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, and polypropylene glycol monolauryl ether.

  The reaction product and the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether are reacted at a ratio in which the molar amount of the isocyanate group of the reaction product is the same as or higher than the molar amount of the hydroxyl group of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. When the molar amount of the isocyanate group is less than the molar amount of the hydroxyl group, the reaction of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether with the reaction product cannot be sufficiently performed. In addition, the molar amount of the isocyanate group of the reaction product may be obtained by direct measurement, or may be a value calculated from the charged composition.

  In the reaction between the raw material carbodiimide compound and the bifunctional polyol having a hydroxyl group at the molecular end, and the reaction between the reaction product and the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, a catalyst can be used. Although the temperature at the time of the said reaction is not specifically limited, 60-120 degreeC is preferable from a viewpoint of control of a reaction system and reaction efficiency. In the above reaction, it is preferable to use an organic solvent containing no active hydrogen.

  By undergoing such a two-step reaction, a hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) having two structural units can be obtained. The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) produced in this way does not have the structure of the general formula (I) shown above, but various other reaction products derived from the raw materials used. It is a mixture containing. However, in general, it may be regarded as having the structure of the general formula (I).

  Moreover, as the said hydrophilic modification carbodiimide compound (C), what has three said structural units has what is represented by the following general formula (II).

In the general formula (II), the description of X and Y with respect to those having the above two structural units can be applied to X and Y as they are. R ⁰ is hydrogen, a methyl group, or an ethyl group. R ¹ is an alkylene group having 4 or less carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. Specific examples of the alkylene group include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, and a butylene group. n is 0 or 1, and m is 0-60.

R ⁰ , R ¹ , n, and m are determined by the trifunctional polyol used in producing the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C).

  When m is 11 or more, the ratio of the hydrophilic part to the hydrophobic part is preferably 2.0 to 6.3. The ratio of the hydrophilic part to the hydrophobic part can be determined by dividing the molecular weight of the oxymethylene group or oxyethylene group part present in the carbodiimide compound by the molecular weight of the carbodiimide compound.

  The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) having three structural units comprises a raw material carbodiimide compound containing at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule, a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and an isocyanate group of the raw material carbodiimide compound. Can be obtained by further reacting a trifunctional polyol with the reaction product obtained at a ratio exceeding the equivalent of the hydroxyl group of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether.

  For the raw material carbodiimide compound containing at least two isocyanate groups in one molecule, the description of the raw material carbodiimide compound of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) having two structural units is applied as it is.

  Since the reaction between the raw material carbodiimide compound and the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether is further reacted with the trifunctional polyol after the reaction, the isocyanate group needs to remain. For this reason, in the said reaction, the equivalent of an isocyanate group needs to exceed the equivalent of a hydroxyl group, Preferably, it is preferable that the equivalent ratio of an isocyanate group and a hydroxyl group is 2/1. The reaction can usually be carried out under conditions well known to those skilled in the art, and a tin-based catalyst can be used if necessary.

  As the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, the description of the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether of the hydrophilically modified carbodiimide compound (C) having two structural units is applied as it is.

  Next, the trifunctional polyol is reacted with the reaction product thus obtained. The amount of the trifunctional polyol used in the reaction is preferably such that the hydroxyl equivalent of the reactant is equal to or greater than the isocyanate equivalent, and more preferably the isocyanate equivalent and the hydroxyl equivalent are equal. In addition, the isocyanate equivalent of the said reaction product can also be calculated | required by calculation from the compounding ratio of the diisocyanate compound and polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether in a previous process other than measuring directly. The reaction can be carried out in the same manner as the reaction between the raw material carbodiimide compound and the polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether.

  The trifunctional polyol is preferably trimethylolpropane, glycerin, or an alkylene oxide adduct thereof from the viewpoint of easy availability. Examples of the alkylene oxide include ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The alkylene oxide adduct of glycerin is commercially available as a GP series from Sanyo Chemical. In view of the curing reactivity of the resulting three-chain hydrophilic carbodiimide compound, those having a structure in which an alkylene oxide is added to one hydroxyl group are particularly preferred. Among the previous GP series, those having such a structure include GP-250 and GP-3000.

  By undergoing such a two-step reaction, a hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) having three structural units can be obtained. As described above, the hydrophilically modified carbodiimide compound (C) thus produced does not have the structure of the general formula (II) alone, but has the structure of the general formula (II). Can be considered as being.

  As said hydrophilic modification carbodiimide compound (C), what has one said structural unit has what is represented by the following general formula (III).

［Ｘは、少なくとも１個のカルボジイミド基を含有する２官能性有機基であり、Ｙは、同一または異種のポリアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルから水酸基を除いた構造である。］

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, and Y has a structure in which a hydroxyl group is removed from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. ]

  X in the general formula (III) is a group that can be represented by the formula (a) in the above general formula (I).

  Y in the general formula (III) has a structure in which a hydroxyl group is removed from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. This Y can show the same thing as Y in the above-mentioned general formula (I). By using the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) represented by the general formula (III), there is an advantage that the crosslinking density is maintained at a higher level. Possible reasons are that the general formula (I) (II) having a plurality of carbodiimide units has a low reaction efficiency with an acid while the acid value of the aqueous resin is low, and the general formula (III) is a general formula (I) Since it does not have a bulky structure as in (II), it does not hinder the crosslinking of the hydroxyl group and isocyanate of the aqueous resin, so that the hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound represented by the general formula (III) ( It is considered that the crosslink density of C) has increased.

Y in the general formula (III) is preferably the following (i) or (ii):
(I) Structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether in which an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is ether-bonded to the terminal of a polyethylene oxide unit having 6 to 20 repeats (ii) having 4 to 60 repeats A structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from a polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether in which an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is ether-bonded to the end of a polypropylene oxide unit:
More preferably, they are the same or different structures selected from
More preferably, the number of repetitions of the polypropylene oxide unit (ii) is 15 to 60.
By using the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) represented by the general formula (III) having the above (i) and (ii), the water dispersibility is excellent, the stability is improved, and the crosslinking density is higher. There is an advantage of being held at the level.

  The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) represented by the general formula (III) is a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether which is the same or different from the raw material carbodiimide compound obtained by the above-described condensation reaction involving decarbonization of the organic diisocyanate. Can be prepared by reacting.

The polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether is
-Polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether in which an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is ether-bonded to the terminal of a polyethylene oxide unit having 6 to 20 repeats, or
-Polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether in which an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is ether-bonded to the end of a polypropylene oxide unit having 4 to 60 repeats,
It is more preferable that In preparing the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) represented by the general formula (III), these polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ethers may be used alone or in combination.

Specific examples of the polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether include polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and polyethylene glycol monopropyl ether, with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether being particularly preferred.
Specific examples of the polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether include polypropylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol monoethyl ether, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, and polypropylene glycol 2-ethylhexyl ether, and polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether is particularly preferable. is there.

In the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) represented by the general formula (III), any one Y is (i), the other Y is (ii), and (i) the number of repetitions 6 The structure which remove | excluded the hydroxyl group from the polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether which the C1-C3 alkyl group ether-bonded to the terminal of -20 polyethylene oxide units, and (ii) The number of repetitions of the polypropylene oxide unit of 4-60 The ratio of the structure obtained by removing the hydroxyl group from the polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether having an ether bond with an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms at the end is (i) :( ii) = 1: 0.7 to 1: 8 More preferably within the range.
In the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) represented by the general formula (III), it is preferable that the periphery of the carbodiimide group is somewhat hydrophobic in order to improve water resistance when a coating film is formed. Moreover, in order to suppress the deactivation of carbodiimide by water and maintain stability, it is preferable that the periphery of the carbodiimide group is hydrophobic to some extent and the contact with water molecules is kept low. On the other hand, the carbodiimide compound represented by the general formula (III) needs to have a certain amount of polyethylene glycol structure in order to maintain hydrophilicity. Here, when the structures of (i) and (ii) above exist within the range of (i) :( ii) = 1: 0.7-1: 8, while ensuring the hydrophilicity of the carbodiimide compound On the other hand, hydrophobicity can be maintained to some extent around the carbodiimide group. Thereby, there exists an advantage that the water-based coating composition which was more excellent in low-temperature curability and was excellent also in coating-material stability is obtained. The ratio (i) :( ii) is more preferably in the range of (i) :( ii) = 1: 0.7 to 1: 1.5.

  The content of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) contained in the aqueous coating composition is preferably 1 to 8% by mass with respect to the resin solid content of the aqueous coating composition. When the amount of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) is in the above range, there is an advantage that good water resistance and water resistance are obtained in the obtained multilayer coating film.

Melamine resin (D)
As represented by the following formula (1), the melamine resin (D) contained in the water-based coating composition contains R ^{5 to} R ¹⁰ via three nitrogen atoms around the melamine nucleus (triazine nucleus). It includes a structure in which groups are bonded. The melamine resin is generally composed of a polynuclear body in which a plurality of melamine nuclei are bonded to each other. On the other hand, the melamine resin may be a mononuclear body composed of one melamine nucleus. Moreover, what is represented by following formula (1) for the structure of the melamine nucleus which comprises a melamine resin is preferable.

In the above formula (1), R ^{5 to} R ¹⁰ are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom (imino group), CH ₂ OH (methylol group), CH ₂ OR ¹¹ , or a bonding part with other melamine nuclei. Represent. R ¹¹ is an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group.

The melamine resin has an average imino group amount of 1.0 or more per melamine nucleus and an average methylol group amount of 0.5 or more. That is, among R ^{5 to} R ^10, an average of 1.0 or more imino groups and an average of 0.5 or more methylol groups are included. Such a melamine resin is an iminomethylol type melamine resin derivative in which an imino group and a methylol group are mixed in one molecule. The melamine resin can be self-condensed by the imino group, and the methylol group can react with the hydroxyl group of the aqueous resin to be co-condensed. The melamine resin has a crosslinked structure formed by reaction with the aqueous resin (A1), and a coating film having good physical properties and quality can be obtained.

  In the present invention, both the low-temperature curability and the storage stability can be improved by setting the amounts of imino groups and methylol groups per melamine nucleus within the specific range. The preferable lower limit value of the average imino group amount is 1.2, the preferable lower limit value of the average methylol group amount is 0.65, and the more preferable lower limit value is 0.7. The upper limit values of the average imino group amount and the average methylol group amount are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of production, the preferable upper limit value of the average imino group amount is 3.0, and the preferable upper limit of the average methylol group amount. The value is 1.0.

  The number average molecular weight measured by GPC in the melamine resin is preferably 300 to 1,300. When the number average molecular weight is within the above range, the appearance, alkali resistance and water resistance of the coating film can be improved. A more preferable range of the number average molecular weight is 300 to 1,000, and a particularly preferable range is 300 to 800.

  The melamine resin can be synthesized by adjusting the average imino group amount and the average methylol group amount per melamine nucleus so as to be a high value as described above by a method usually used by those skilled in the art. Moreover, you may use a commercial item as said melamine resin. Specific examples of commercially available products include “Cymel (registered trademark) 701” and “Cymel 202” manufactured by Ornex Japan. In the examples described later, in addition to these commercially available products, those prepared so that the average imino group amount and the average methylol group amount are higher than these are used. The said melamine resin may use only 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.

  Content of the melamine resin (D) contained in the said water-based coating composition is 3-23 mass% with respect to the resin solid content of the said water-based coating composition. The lower limit of the content is preferably 5% by mass. The upper limit is preferably 20% by mass.

  In this invention, the gel fraction of the hardened | cured material of the equal mass mixture of a polyisocyanate compound (B) and a melamine resin (D) is in the range of 80 to 100%. That is, the aqueous coating composition of the present invention is characterized in that the melamine resin (D) is used as a component that reacts with the polyisocyanate compound (B) that is a curing agent. In conventional coating compositions, both melamine resins and polyisocyanate compounds have been used as curing agents. Therefore, in the conventional coating composition, attention is not paid to the reaction curability of the melamine resin and the polyisocyanate compound. On the other hand, in the present invention, as the melamine resin (D), a melamine resin that reacts with the polyisocyanate compound at a high rate is selectively used. By including such a melamine resin (D) in the aqueous coating composition, the reaction of the aqueous resin (A1), the polyisocyanate compound (B) and the melamine resin (D) is considered to proceed in a complex manner. . As a result, even when heat-curing under low-temperature conditions, it is possible to obtain a hard and tough coating film having sufficient hardness and increased film curability.

The gel fraction of the cured product of an equal mass mixture of the polyisocyanate compound (B) and the melamine resin (D) is measured by the following procedure.
The polyisocyanate compound (B) 50 parts by mass (resin solid content) and the melamine resin (D) 50 parts by mass (resin solid content) are sufficiently mixed, and immediately after mixing, the dry film thickness becomes 20 μm on the polypropylene plate. And then heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes.
The obtained coating film is peeled from the polypropylene plate to obtain a cured product.
The obtained cured product is allowed to stand at 20 ° C. for 1 hour, and the mass is measured (M ₁ ). Next, the cured product is immersed in acetone at 20 ° C. for 24 hours. The residual cured product after the immersion is dried and the mass is measured (M ₂ ). The gel fraction is calculated from the following formula.
Gel fraction = (M ₂ / M ₁ ) × 100

  Preferable examples of the melamine resin (D) include Cymel (registered trademark) 701, 370, 327, and 202 manufactured by Ornex Japan.

In the aqueous coating composition such as the preparation of the aqueous coating composition, the ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) to the equivalent of the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound (B) is 0.01 to A range of 0.20 is preferred. As described above, the present invention is characterized in that the equivalent of the carbodiimide group is very small relative to the equivalent of the isocyanate group. In the aqueous coating composition, the ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group to the equivalent of the isocyanate group is in the range of 0.01 to 0.20, so that the low temperature curability is ensured and the obtained coating film is obtained. There is an advantage that the crosslink density is increased and good coating properties are ensured. The equivalent ratio is more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.09.

As described above, the aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group used in the present invention has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH and an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g in terms of resin solid content. That is, the value of the hydroxyl value is very large compared to the value of the acid value. And in addition to using such aqueous resin (A1), ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group which the hydrophilic modification carbodiimide compound (C) has with respect to the equivalent of the isocyanate group which the polyisocyanate compound (B) has is 0.01 to By being in the range of 0.20, there is an advantage that a coating film having a sufficient crosslinking density can be obtained while ensuring the coating stability. For example, when the ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) to the equivalent of the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound (B) is simply reduced without using the aqueous resin (A1) as described above There is a possibility that the stability of the paint is greatly reduced. This is because the stability of the polyisocyanate compound (B) in the coating composition is improved by the presence of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) in the aqueous coating composition.
In the present invention, an aqueous resin (A1) having a very high hydroxyl value relative to the acid value is used. When the hydroxyl value of the aqueous resin (A1) is so high, a high crosslink density is achieved in the resulting coating film. Further, since the acid value of the aqueous resin (A1) is low, suppression of undesirable side reactions that can occur between the acid group of the aqueous resin (A1) and the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound (B) is achieved. And the ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group which the hydrophilic modification carbodiimide compound (C) has to the equivalent of the isocyanate group which the polyisocyanate compound (B) has is in the range of 0.01 to 0.20, and the amount of the carbodiimide group is extremely small. As a result, there is an advantage that a sufficient crosslinking density is achieved even after storage of the coating composition.

  Moreover, in the said aqueous coating material composition, the ratio of the equivalent of the isocyanate group which polyisocyanate compound (B) has with respect to the equivalent of the hydroxyl group which water-based resin (A1) contains is in the range of 0.6-1.5. Is preferred. The hydroxyl group of the aqueous resin (A1) and the isocyanate group of the polyisocyanate compound (B) are groups that react with each other. And when the equivalent ratio of these groups is in the above range, there is an advantage that the curing reaction proceeds well even at a low temperature, whereby a coating film having a desired crosslinking density can be obtained.

  In the aqueous coating composition, the ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) to the equivalent of the acid group of the aqueous resin (A1) is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0. Is preferred. This equivalent ratio is more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.6. In this case, an excess amount of the acid group is present in an equivalent amount of the carbodiimide group and the acid group that react with each other. Thereby, while the carbodiimide group basically does not remain in the cured coating film to be formed, the acid group remains and there is an advantage that the adhesion of the coating film to the object is improved. .

  In addition to the above components (A1) to (D), the water-based coating composition may contain a pigment, a curing catalyst, a surface conditioner, an antifoaming agent, a pigment dispersant, a plasticizer, a film-forming aid, and an ultraviolet ray as necessary. Absorbers, antioxidants and the like can be contained. Since the water-based paint composition is excellent in reactivity at low temperatures, it is preferable to produce it at a painting site. The aqueous coating composition can be obtained by mixing the components (A1) to (D).

  In the aqueous coating composition, since the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) is excellent in water dispersibility, the curing agent composition is used even when the water dispersibility of the polyisocyanate compound (B) is not sufficient. By forming, the storage stability of the aqueous coating composition can be enhanced.

  Although the resin solid content concentration of the water-based coating composition varies depending on the coating conditions, it is generally preferably set to 15 to 60% by mass. The aqueous coating composition can be suitably used as an aqueous intermediate coating composition.

Aqueous base paint composition
An intermediate coating film forming step of forming the uncoated intermediate coating film by applying the aqueous coating composition to an object to be coated as an aqueous intermediate coating composition;
An aqueous base coating composition is applied on the obtained uncured intermediate coating film to form an uncured base coating film, and the obtained uncured intermediate coating A curing process for heating and curing the film and the base coating film,
A method for forming a multilayer coating film is also provided. The aqueous base coating composition used in this multilayer coating film forming method includes an aqueous resin (A2) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, a melamine resin (E), a weak acid catalyst (F), and an aqueous polyurethane resin (G), including.

Aqueous resin having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group (A2)
The aqueous resin (A2) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is the same resin as the aqueous resin (A1) contained in the aqueous intermediate coating composition, but the acid value range in the aqueous resin (A1) It is a resin with no regulations. That is, the aqueous resin (A2) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is a resin having a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g in terms of resin solid content. The aqueous resin (A2) contained in the aqueous base coating composition preferably has an acid value of 10 to 40 mg KOH / g.

  The aqueous resin (A2) contained in the aqueous base coating composition has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH in terms of resin solids, so that the aqueous base coating composition containing the above components has good coating stability. While ensuring, there exists an advantage that the crosslinking density of the cured coating film obtained becomes a favorable range, and performances such as water resistance are improved. This is because the hydroxyl value of the aqueous resin (A2) is relatively high as in the above range, and in the aqueous base coating composition, a specific melamine resin (E), a weak acid catalyst (F) and an aqueous polyurethane resin (G ) Is further ensured, the low-temperature curability of the coating composition is ensured, and thereby the crosslinking density in the resulting coating film is in a good range.

  The aqueous resin (A2) is preferably contained within a range of, for example, 20 to 60% by mass with respect to the resin solid content of the aqueous base coating composition. The above range is more preferably 30 to 50% by mass.

Melamine resin (E)
The melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition has an average imino group amount per melamine nucleus of 1.0 or more and an average methylol group of 0.5 or more. If there is, it can be used without any particular limitation. As the melamine resin (E), a resin having the same structure as the melamine resin (D) that can be used in the aqueous coating composition can be used. In the method of the present invention, the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition and the melamine resin (D) contained in the aqueous coating composition may be completely the same resin, Also, different resins may be used within the respective definition ranges.

Weak acid catalyst (F)
The weak acid catalyst (F) may be an acid having a relatively low degree of ionization in an aqueous solution. For example, an acid catalyst having a pKa (H ₂ O) of greater than 1 is suitable. pKa (H ₂ O) is an acid dissociation constant for water, and a generally known value at 20 ° C. may be used. Examples of such weak acid catalysts include carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and benzoic acid; phosphoric acid, phosphoric ester, phenol, carbonic acid, boric acid, hydrogen sulfide, and the like. Any one of these may be used as the weak acid catalyst (F), or two or more may be used in combination. An embodiment in which the weak acid catalyst (F) includes a phosphate ester compound is particularly preferable. By using a weak acid catalyst, storage stability can be ensured while improving low-temperature curability.

The aqueous coating composition does not substantially contain an acid catalyst having a pKa (H ₂ O) of 1 or less. “Substantially” means that the compounding amount of the acid catalyst having a pKa (H ₂ O) of 1 or less with respect to the aqueous coating composition does not exceed 0.01% by mass. When the concentration exceeds the above concentration and an acid catalyst having a pKa (H ₂ O) of 1 or less is included, the effect of low temperature curing cannot be obtained.

Aqueous polyurethane resin (G)
The aqueous base coating composition contains an aqueous polyurethane resin (G) in addition to the above components. By including the specific aqueous polyurethane resin (G) in the aqueous base coating composition, the aqueous coating composition (aqueous intermediate coating composition) and the aqueous base coating composition are applied, and then low-temperature curing conditions are applied. Even when the aqueous coating composition is baked and cured, the aqueous polyurethane resin can form a tough coating film by fusing with itself and other components, A multi-layer with excellent water-resistant adhesion and the like will be obtained.

  The aqueous polyurethane resin (G) comprises a polyol compound (G-1), a compound (G-2) having an active hydrogen group and a hydrophilic group in the molecule, an organic polyisocyanate (G-3), and a chain if necessary. A polymer obtained by using an extender and a polymerization terminator, and can be prepared by dissolving or dispersing the obtained polymer in water.

  The polyol compound (G-1) is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyol compound having two or more hydroxyl groups. The polyol compound (G-1) is, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin or other polyhydric alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetra Polyether polyols such as methylene ether glycol; dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, Polyester polyols obtained from glycols such as neopentyl glycol; polycaprolactone polyols; polybutadiene polyols; polycarbonate polyols; Oh polyether polyol; and the like. The polyol compound (G-1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The polyol compound (G-1) preferably has a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000.

  The compound (G-2) having an active hydrogen group and a hydrophilic group in the molecule includes an active hydrogen and an anion group {an anion group or an anion-forming group (which reacts with a base to form an anion group. In this case, Is converted into an anionic group by neutralizing with a base before, during or after the urethanization reaction)} (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-24192 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-41607) As described in the specification of the gazette, specific examples include α, α-dimethylolpropionic acid, α, α-dimethylolbutyric acid, dimethylolalkanoic acid such as dimethylolacetic acid), compounds having active hydrogen and cationic groups in the molecule Known substances (for example, those described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-9076) and having active hydrogen and nonionic hydrophilic groups in the molecule Those known as compounds (e.g., those described in JP-B-48-41718, specifically, polyethylene glycol, alkyl alcohol alkylene oxide adduct) and the like. As the compound (G-2) having an active hydrogen group and a hydrophilic group in the molecule, dimethylolalkanoic acid is preferably used.

The organic polyisocyanate (G-3) is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more isocyanate groups in the molecule. As a specific example of the organic polyisocyanate (G-3),
Aliphatic diisocyanates having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate;
C4-C18 alicyclic diisocyanates such as 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, isopropylidenecyclohexyl-4,4′-diisocyanate;
2,4-toluylene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, 1,5′-naphthene diisocyanate, tolidine diisocyanate, diphenylmethylmethane diisocyanate, tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, Aromatic diisocyanates such as tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-dibenzyl diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate;
Lysine ester triisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecane triisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanate-4,4-isocyanate methyloctane, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, bicycloheptane triisocyanate Triisocyanates such as;
Etc.
Further, these polyisocyanate compounds may be used as dimers and trimers (isocyanurate bonds), or may be used as biurets by reacting with amines. Further, polyisocyanates having urethane bonds obtained by reacting these polyisocyanate compounds with polyols can also be used.
It is more preferable to use an aliphatic diisocyanate as the organic polyisocyanate (G-3). By preparing the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) using an aliphatic diisocyanate, the water permeability of the obtained coating film can be adjusted to an appropriate range, and good low temperature initial water resistance can be obtained. There is.

  The chain extender that can be used as necessary when preparing the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is not particularly limited as long as it contains two or more active hydrogen groups. For example, a low molecular weight (number average molecular weight of less than 500) Examples include polyols and polyamines. Examples of the low molecular polyol include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methylpentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and trimethylolpropane. Examples of the polyamine include ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, hydrazine, xylylenediamine, and isophoronediamine.

  Moreover, as a polymerization terminator, the compound which has one active hydrogen in a molecule | numerator, or a monoisocyanate compound is mentioned.

  Examples of the compound having one active hydrogen in the molecule include monoalcohol (eg, alkyl alcohols such as methanol, butanol and octanol, alkyl alcohol alkylene oxide adducts), or monoamines (eg, butylamine, dibutylamine, etc.) Of the alkylamine).

  Examples of the monoisocyanate compound include methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, lauryl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, and tolylene isocyanate.

  The reaction method for producing the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is a one-shot method in which each component is reacted at once or a multistage method in which the components are reacted stepwise {part of an active hydrogen-containing compound (for example, a polymer polyol) and Any method of producing an NCO-terminated prepolymer by reacting isocyanate and then reacting the remainder of the active hydrogen-containing compound may be used. The synthesis reaction of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is usually performed at 40 to 140 ° C, preferably 60 to 120 ° C. In order to accelerate the reaction, a tin-based catalyst such as dibutyltin laurate or tin octylate used in a normal urethanization reaction or an amine-based catalyst such as triethylenediamine may be used. The above reaction may be performed in an organic solvent inert to isocyanate (for example, acetone, toluene, dimethylformamide, etc.), and a solvent may be added during or after the reaction.

  The aqueous polyurethane resin (G) in the present invention is a known method (in the case of an anion-forming group, a method of neutralizing with a base to form an anion group, and in the case of a cation-forming group, a quaternizing agent is used to form a cation group. It can be prepared by dispersing in water after treatment with a method of forming or a method of forming a cationic group by neutralization with an acid.

  The step of dissolving in water is not particularly limited, and may be after the reaction or in the middle of the multistage method. For example, when dissolving in water at the stage of the NCO-terminated prepolymer, the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) can be obtained by dissolving in water while chain-extending with water and / or polyamine.

  When an inert organic solvent is used for the isocyanate, the solvent may be removed after dissolving in water.

  The aqueous polyurethane resin (G) in the present invention has a glass transition point (Tg) of −50 ° C. or less, and the elongation at break of the cured film of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is 400% or more at −20 ° C. Condition.

  When the glass transition point (Tg) of the water-based polyurethane resin (G) exceeds -50 ° C, the resulting multilayer coating film has poor coating adhesion, chipping resistance and water resistance. The glass transition point (Tg) is more preferably −55 ° C. or lower, and further preferably −58 ° C. or lower. The glass transition point (Tg) of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) can be measured by a differential scanning calorimeter.

  When the elongation at break of the cured film of the water-based polyurethane resin (G) is less than 400% at −20 ° C., the coating film adhesion, chipping resistance and water resistance of the resulting multilayer coating film are inferior. Become. The breaking elongation is more preferably 500% or more.

The breaking elongation of the cured film of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) can be determined according to JIS K7127.
Specifically, 95 parts by mass (resin solid content) of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) and 5 parts by mass (resin solid content) of the carbodiimide compound are mixed. The obtained mixture is uniformly coated with a doctor blade so that the dry film thickness becomes 20 μm. After standing at 20 ° C. for 10 minutes, preheating is performed at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes to volatilize moisture, and baking is performed at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a cured film. The obtained cured film is subjected to a tensile performance test under a test temperature of −20 ° C. according to JIS K7127, the elongation at break is measured, and the obtained elongation is defined as the elongation at break.
The aqueous polyurethane resin and the carbodiimide compound represented by the general formula (I), (II) or (III) are mixed and baked to form a film, whereby the aqueous polyurethane resin and the carbodiimide resin are mutually crosslinked or / and fused. Advances, and the elongation at break of the aqueous polyurethane resin can be evaluated.

  A commercially available product may be used as the aqueous polyurethane resin (G). Commercially available products include, for example, NeoRez series, which is an aqueous polyurethane resin sold by Enomoto Kasei Co., Ltd., HUX series, which is an aqueous polyurethane resin sold by Adeka, and U-coat series, which is an aqueous polyurethane resin sold by Sanyo Kasei. , Permarin series, Upren series and so on.

  The content of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is preferably 8% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 15% by mass or more based on the resin solid content of the aqueous base coating composition. More preferably. When the content of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is 8% by mass or more, even when the aqueous coating composition is baked and cured under low-temperature curing conditions, the aqueous polyurethane resin melts with itself and other components. Since it is possible to form a tough coating film by wearing, there is an advantage that a multilayer having excellent adhesion between coating films, water-resistant adhesion and the like can be obtained. The upper limit of the content is more preferably 30% by mass or less.

Other resin The aqueous base coating composition may contain a resin component (other resin) other than the aqueous resin (A2), if necessary. As an example of the other resin, for example, a resin prepared in the same manner as the aqueous resin (A2) and having a hydroxyl value of less than 80 mgKOH / g can be given. Other examples of other resins include resins having a hydroxyl group, such as polyether diol and polycarbonate diol.

  Such other resins can be used in any amount provided that the functions (water resistance, chipping resistance, etc.) of the aqueous base coating composition are not impaired. The resin having a hydroxyl value of less than 80 mgKOH / g is preferably contained, for example, in the range of 15 to 45% by mass with respect to the resin solid content of the aqueous base coating composition.

Preparation of aqueous base coating composition The mass ratio of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is (A2) / (E) = 0.7 to 0.7 in terms of solid content. Within the range of 3. If the aqueous resin (A2) increases and the melamine resin (E) decreases outside the above range, the curing (crosslinking) reactivity may be affected, and the low temperature curability may not be sufficient. On the other hand, if the aqueous resin (A2) decreases and the melamine resin (E) increases outside the above range, the curing (crosslinking) reactivity is increased even during storage due to an increase in the amount of acid groups in the aqueous base coating composition. By promoting it, the storage stability may be lowered. Preferably, the mass ratio of the aqueous resin (A2) to the melamine resin (E) is preferably in the range of (A2) / (E) = 0.7 to 2.7 in terms of solid content. More preferably, it is in the range of 8 to 2.7.

  Content of the weak acid catalyst (F) contained in the said aqueous base coating composition is solid content mass ((A2) + (A2) + melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition. E)) 0.1 to 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass. When a weak acid catalyst dissolved or dispersed in a solvent is used, the content of the weak acid catalyst (F) is calculated based on the amount of the active ingredient excluding the solvent (volatile matter). When the content of the weak acid catalyst exceeds the upper limit beyond the above range, the storage stability may be deteriorated or the physical properties of the coating film may be deteriorated (shrinkage in the appearance of the coating film). When the content of the weak acid catalyst is less than the lower limit below the above range, the curing (crosslinking) reactivity is lowered, the low-temperature curability is not sufficient, and the physical properties of the coating film may be lowered. More preferably, the content of the weak acid catalyst (F) is 100 parts by mass of the solid content ((A2) + (E)) of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition. It is 0.1-5.0 mass parts with respect to. These ranges are preferable when the weak acid catalyst (F) contains a phosphate ester compound.

  The aqueous base coating composition preferably has a neutralization rate of 50% or more with respect to the coating composition. That is, when the amount of acid groups contained in the coating composition is 100 mol%, the coating composition is neutralized with a basic compound so that the amount of base is 50 mol% or more. Is preferred. This means that the amount of acid in which no theoretically paired base is present in the coating composition does not exceed 50% of the total. By setting the neutralization rate within the above range, the stability of the coating composition in the aqueous medium can be maintained, and the storage stability can be sufficiently ensured. If it is less than 50%, the curing (crosslinking) reaction between the aqueous resin and the melamine resin is promoted even during storage, which may reduce storage stability. More preferably, it exceeds 50%. Moreover, it is preferable that the upper limit of the neutralization rate with respect to a coating composition is 150% or less. If it exceeds 150%, the action of the weak acid catalyst (F) is hindered, so the curing (crosslinking) reactivity is lowered, the low temperature curability is not sufficient, and the physical properties of the coating film may also be lowered. is there.

  As the basic compound, those generally used as a neutralizing agent can be used. For example, ammonia; methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, Examples include amine compounds such as triethanolamine; hydroxides or carbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, and one or more of these can be used.

  In the aqueous base coating composition, since a melamine resin having a large amount of imino groups and methylol groups is used, the range of the mass ratio between the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E), the range of the neutralization rate Setting the value will affect the storage stability. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, if these are set in the optimum range, there is one technical significance in that sufficient storage stability can be secured even in the low temperature curing technique.

  The aqueous base coating composition may contain components other than the above components, for example, may contain the hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound and water-dispersed blocked isocyanate, and include at least one of these. Can improve low-temperature curability.

  The aqueous base coating composition can be prepared by mixing the components constituting the coating composition by commonly used means. The above-mentioned aqueous base coating composition may contain pigments, surface conditioners (antifoaming agents, leveling agents, etc.), pigment dispersants, plasticizers, film-forming aids, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, flame retardants as necessary. , Antistatic agents, electrostatic assistants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, solvents (water, organic solvents) and other additives may be contained.

  The pigment content in the case where the aqueous base coating composition contains a pigment may be a range that is usually set according to the application. For example, the weight percentage (PWC: Pigment Weight Concentration) of the pigment and the total solid content of the resin and the curing agent in the water-based base coating composition and 100 parts by mass of the pigment may be 0.1 to 50% by mass. preferable.

Coating film forming method and multilayer coating film forming method
A coating film forming step of coating the water-based coating composition on the object to be coated to form an uncured coating film,
The obtained coating film is heated and cured, a curing step,
Is a method for forming a coating film.
In addition, the multilayer coating film forming method of the present invention,
An intermediate coating film forming step of forming the uncoated intermediate coating film by applying the aqueous coating composition to an object to be coated as an aqueous intermediate coating composition;
An aqueous base coating composition is applied on the obtained uncured intermediate coating film to form an uncured base coating film, and the obtained uncured intermediate coating A curing process for heating and curing the film and the base coating film,
Is included.
In the method for forming a multilayer coating film of the present invention, the coating film can be used even under low-temperature curing conditions by using the specific aqueous coating composition (aqueous intermediate coating composition) and the aqueous base coating composition. A coating film having excellent physical properties can be obtained. The heat curing temperature of the coating film in the curing step is not particularly limited, and is preferably 68 to 120 ° C, more preferably 68 to 110 ° C, and still more preferably 68 to 100 ° C. Thus, in the multilayer coating-film formation method of this invention, it can also carry out on low temperature curing conditions of 100 degrees C or less. As such low-temperature curing conditions, the coating film may be further cured at a temperature of 68 to 90 ° C.

Articles to be coated As the objects to be coated in the above method, steel sheets such as iron, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin and alloys thereof; polyethylene resins, EVA resins, polyolefin resins (polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, etc.) ), Vinyl chloride resin, styrene resin, polyester resin (including PET resin, PBT resin, etc.), polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, acrylonitrile styrene (AS) resin, polyamide resin, acetal resin, phenol Examples thereof include resins such as resins, fluororesins, melamine resins, urethane resins, epoxy resins, and polyphenylene oxide (PPO); and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. These may be in a molded state.

  If necessary, the steel sheet may be in a state where an electrodeposition coating film is formed after the chemical conversion treatment. Examples of the chemical conversion treatment include zinc phosphate chemical conversion treatment, zirconium chemical conversion treatment, and chromium oxidation chemical conversion treatment. Examples of the electrodeposition coating film include an electrodeposition coating film obtained by electrodeposition coating using a cationic electrodeposition coating composition or an anion electrodeposition coating composition.

  If necessary, the resin may be subjected to steam cleaning using an organic solvent, or may be cleaned using a neutral detergent. Furthermore, primer coating may be applied as necessary.

  The multilayer coating film forming method of the present invention is characterized in that a coating film having excellent coating film properties can be formed even under low temperature curing conditions. Therefore, as an object to which the method of the present invention can be preferably used, an object to be coated including a steel plate part and a resin part is exemplified. For such an object to be coated, by forming a multilayer coating film by the multilayer coating film forming method of the present invention, the resin portion and It becomes possible to form a multilayer coating film having good physical properties for both of the steel plate portions. By the multilayer coating film forming method of the present invention, different materials such as a resin and a steel plate can be applied using a common coating composition. Thereby, there is an advantage that the hue of the obtained coating film can be matched at a higher level.

  Examples of other objects to be coated that are suitable as the objects to be coated in the method for forming a multilayer coating film of the present invention include industrial machines and construction machines. Industrial machines and construction machines are generally large in size and can withstand strong loads, and therefore have a feature that the constituent base material (steel plate) is thicker than automobile bodies and the like. Therefore, when such an industrial machine or construction machine is an object to be coated, there is a problem that the heat capacity of the object to be coated is large and heat is not sufficiently transferred to the object to be coated in a heating furnace. The multi-layer coating film forming method of the present invention is characterized in that it can be cured at a low temperature and that a coating film having a high crosslinking density can be obtained even when cured at a low temperature. Therefore, the multi-layer coating film forming method of the present invention also has a large heat capacity of the object to be coated, and it is difficult to perform high-temperature heat-curing treatment after coating. Can be preferably used.

  The aqueous coating composition (aqueous intermediate coating composition) and the aqueous base coating composition can be applied by a commonly used coating method. For example, when an aqueous intermediate coating composition and an aqueous base coating composition are applied to an automobile body, in order to enhance the appearance of the resulting coating film, multistage coating by air electrostatic spray coating, preferably two stages, is applied. Or air electrostatic spray coating and a combination of rotary atomization type electrostatic coating machines called "μμ (micro) bell", "μ (micro) bell" or "metabell" A coating method or the like can be used.

  The film thickness of the coating film of the aqueous intermediate coating composition can be appropriately selected according to the desired application. The film thickness is preferably 8 to 40 μm, for example, and more preferably 15 to 30 μm.

  The film thickness of the coating film of the aqueous base coating composition can be appropriately selected depending on the desired application. The film thickness is preferably 10 to 30 μm, for example.

  In the coating film forming method of the present invention, in the above-described base coating film in an uncured state, a clear coating composition is further applied to form a clear coating film, and then the uncured multilayer coating film is cured. Including. This method can omit the baking and drying furnace, and is preferable from the viewpoint of economy and environmental protection.

  An example of a clear coating composition that can be suitably used in the coating step is a urethane clear coating composition. Examples of the urethane clear coating composition include a clear coating composition containing a hydroxyl group-containing resin and an isocyanate compound curing agent. The isocyanate compound as the curing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic isocyanates such as trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexane. Aliphatic cyclic isocyanates such as pentane diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,2-cyclohexane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, etc. Aromatic isocyanates, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), norbornane diisocyanate methyl and other alicyclic isocyanates These biuret, etc. multimers and mixtures such as isocyanurate body can be exemplified.

  The hydroxyl value of the hydroxyl group-containing resin is preferably in the range of 20 to 200 mgKOH / g. When the upper limit is exceeded, the water resistance of the coating film decreases, and when the lower limit is exceeded, the curability of the coating film decreases. The lower limit is more preferably 30 mgKOH / g, and the upper limit is more preferably 180 mgKOH / g.

  Furthermore, the number average molecular weight of the hydroxyl group-containing resin is preferably in the range of 1000 to 20000. If the number average molecular weight is less than 1000, workability and curability may be insufficient. Moreover, when it exceeds 20000, the non-volatile content at the time of coating will become low, and there exists a possibility that workability | operativity may worsen. The lower limit is more preferably 2000, and the upper limit is more preferably 15000.

  The hydroxyl group-containing resin preferably further has an acid value within a range of 2 to 30 mgKOH / g. When the above upper limit is exceeded, the water resistance of the coating film is lowered, and when it is less than the lower limit, the curability of the coating film is lowered. The lower limit is more preferably 3 mgKOH / g, and the upper limit is more preferably 25 mgKOH / g.

  The content of the isocyanate compound relative to the hydroxyl group-containing resin can be appropriately selected within the range usually used by those skilled in the art. For example, it is preferable that the equivalent ratio (NCO / OH) of isocyanate group (NCO) and hydroxyl group (OH) is used in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 1.7. The lower limit is more preferably 0.7, and the upper limit is more preferably 1.5.

  The method for producing the clear coating composition is not particularly limited, and any method known to those skilled in the art can be used. Moreover, a commercial item can also be used as a clear coating composition. Examples of commercially available products include Polyurexel O-1100 Clear and O-1200 Clear (manufactured by Nippon Paint Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd., an isocyanate curable clear coating composition).

  When the clear coating composition is used, the aqueous base coating composition is applied to form an uncured base coating, and then the clear coating composition is applied wet-on-wet. A multi-layer coating film can be formed by baking and curing at 10 ° C., preferably 68 to 110 ° C., more preferably 68 to 100 ° C. for 10 to 30 minutes. As further low temperature curing conditions, 68 to 90 ° C., 68 to 80 ° C., particularly 68 to 75 ° C., and curing conditions for performing baking and curing for 10 to 30 minutes may be used.

  In the present invention, a clear coating composition other than the urethane clear coating composition can be used according to the material of the object to be coated. For example, an acid epoxy curable clear coating composition, an acrylic melamine curable clear coating composition, and the like can also be used. Examples of these clear coating compositions include, for example, “Mac Flow O-570 Clear” or “Mack”, which is a clear coating composition containing polyepoxide and polyacid, which is sold by Nippon Paint Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd. “Super Lac O-100 Clear” (trade name) sold by Nippon Paint Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd., which is a clear coating composition containing an acrylic resin and a melamine curing agent. ) And the like. The heat curing conditions when these clear coating compositions are used can be appropriately selected according to the composition of each clear coating composition. As an example of the heat curing conditions when these clear coating compositions are used, for example, conditions of heating at 120 to 140 ° C. for 10 to 30 minutes may be mentioned.

  As the coating method of the clear coating composition, the above-mentioned known coating method can be used, and for example, it can be applied by air spray, electrostatic coating or the like. The clear coating composition is preferably applied so that the dry film thickness is generally 10 to 80 μm, preferably 20 to 50 μm.

  The following examples further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the examples, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.

Production Example 1 Production of acrylic emulsion having hydroxyl group and carboxyl group (AcEm-1) 2,000 parts of deionized water were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen introduction tube, temperature controller, condenser and dropping funnel, The temperature was raised to 80 ° C. with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere.
103 parts of styrene, 290 parts of n-butyl methacrylate, 280 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 302 parts of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 26 parts of acrylic acid, 3 parts of dodecyl mercaptan and Latemul PD-104 (produced by Kao Corporation, 20 parts) A pre-emulsion obtained by adding 100 parts of deionized water to 1,000 parts of deionized water was added dropwise over 2 hours together with an initiator aqueous solution in which 3 parts of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in 300 parts of deionized water.
After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was further continued at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, followed by cooling, and 8.2 parts of N, N-dimethylaminoethal was added to obtain an acrylic emulsion having a resin solid content of 30% by mass. The hydroxyl value in terms of resin solid content of this acrylic emulsion calculated from the monomer composition was 130 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 20 mgKOH / g. Moreover, the number average molecular weight by the GPC measurement after the water removal of the acrylic resin in the obtained acrylic emulsion was 45,000.

Production Example 2 Production of Polyester Water Dispersion (PE-DP) Having Hydroxyl Group and Carboxyl Group In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen introduction tube, temperature controller, condenser, and decanter, 250 parts of trimethylolpropane and adipic acid 824 Part and 635 parts of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid were added, the temperature was raised to 180 ° C., and the condensation reaction was carried out until no water was distilled off. After cooling to 60 ° C., 120 parts of phthalic anhydride was added, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C., and this was maintained for 60 minutes to obtain a polyester resin having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 by GPC measurement. By adding 59 parts of dimethylaminoethanol (equivalent to 80% of the acid value of resin (neutralization rate 80%)) at 80 ° C., and further adding 1920 parts of deionized water, the resin solid content of 45% by mass was added. A polyester aqueous dispersion was obtained. The hydroxyl value in terms of resin solid content of this polyester aqueous dispersion was 90 mgKOH / g, and the acid value was 35 mgKOH / g.

Production Example 3 Production of Hydrophilic Modified Carbodiimide Compound (1) 700 parts of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and 7 parts of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide were reacted at 170 ° C. for 7 hours, A carbodiimide compound having three carbodiimide groups per molecule and having isocyanate groups at both ends of the structure represented by the general formula (a) was obtained.
Next, 180 parts of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethanecarbodiimide having an isocyanate terminal was added to PTMG-1000 (a polytetramethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and a tetramethylene calculated from the number average molecular weight. Oxide repeat unit 13.6) 95 parts and dibutyltin dilaurate 0.2 part were added and heated to 85 ° C. and held for 2 hours.
Subsequently, 86.4 parts of methyl polyglycol 130 (polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd., ethylene oxide repeat number 9 calculated from a hydroxyl value of 130 mgKOH / g) was added and kept at 85 ° C. for 3 hours. The reaction was terminated after confirming that the NCO peak had disappeared by IR measurement, and after cooling to 60 ° C., deionized water was added to the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (1) having a resin solid content of 40% by mass. An aqueous dispersion was obtained. The resulting hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound was a compound represented by the above general formula (I).

Production Example 4 Production of Hydrophilic Modified Carbodiimide Compound (2) In 90 parts of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane carbodiimide having an isocyanate terminal produced in Production Example 3, 120 parts of polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether having an average of 19 repeats and methyl polyglycol 130. 43.2 parts and 0.07 part dibutyltin dilaurate were added and kept at 80 ° C. until there was no NCO absorption by IR. After cooling to 60 ° C., deionized water was added to obtain an aqueous dispersion of the hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (2) having a resin solid content of 25%. The resulting hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound was a compound represented by the above general formula (III).
The ratio of (i) the structure obtained by removing the hydroxyl group from polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether and (ii) the structure obtained by removing the hydroxyl group from polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether in the resulting hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound is (i): (Ii) = 1.0: 1.0.

Production Example 5 Production of hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (3) 393 parts of 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and 8 parts of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide were reacted at 180 ° C. for 16 hours. A carbodiimide compound having four carbodiimide groups per molecule and having an isocyanate group at both ends of the structure represented by the formula was obtained. To this, 130 parts of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether having a repeating number of oxyethylene groups of 9 and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were added, heated at 90 ° C. for 2 hours, and the end of the structure represented by the following formula was A carbodiimide compound which is an isocyanate group and a hydrophilic group was obtained. Furthermore, 300 parts of GP-3000 (a trivalent polyol having a structure in which propylene oxide was added in an average of 17 moles to three hydroxyl groups of glycerin manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were added and reacted at 90 ° C. for 6 hours. . It was confirmed by IR measurement that the NCO peak had disappeared, and the reaction was terminated to obtain a hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (3). Deionized water was added thereto and stirred to obtain an aqueous dispersion of a hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (3) having a resin solid content of 30% by mass. The resulting hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound was a compound represented by the above general formula (II).

Production Example 6 Production of Colored Pigment Paste After premixing 9.2 parts of a commercially available dispersant “Disperbyk 190” (manufactured by Big Chemie), 17.8 parts of ion-exchanged water, and 73.0 parts of rutile titanium dioxide, a paint conditioner The bead medium was added thereto, and the mixture was dispersed at room temperature until the particle size became 5 μm or less, and the bead medium was removed by filtration to obtain a colored pigment paste.

Production Example 7 Production of emulsion resin having a hydroxyl value of less than 80 mg KOH / g In a reaction vessel charged with 194.1 parts of ion-exchanged water, Adekaria Soap NE-20 (α- [1-[(allyloxy) methyl by Asahi Denka Co., Ltd.) was used. ] -2- (nonylphenoxy) ethyl] -ω-hydroxyoxyethylene, solid 80% by weight aqueous solution) 0.2 part and Aqualon HS-10 (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. polyoxyethylene alkylpropenyl phenyl ether sulfate) ) 0.2 parts, and heated to 80 ° C. with mixing and stirring in a nitrogen stream. Next, as the first stage α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer mixture, methyl acrylate 18.5 parts, ethyl acrylate 31.7 parts, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate 5.8 parts, styrene 10.0 A monomer mixture consisting of 0.3 parts of acrylamide, 0.3 part of acrylamide, 0.3 part of Adeka Soap NE-20, 0.2 part of Aqualon HS-10, and 70 parts of ion-exchanged water, 0.2 part of ammonium persulfate, and An initiator solution consisting of 7 parts of ion-exchanged water was dropped into the reaction vessel in parallel over 2 hours. After completion of the dropping, aging was performed at the same temperature for 1 hour.
Further, as the second stage α, β-ethylenically unsaturated monomer mixture at 80 ° C., 24.5 parts of ethyl acrylate, 2.5 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 3.1 parts of methacrylic acid, Aqualon HS A reactor vessel containing 0.3 parts of -10 and 30 parts of ion-exchanged water in parallel with an initiator solution consisting of 0.1 part of ammonium persulfate and 3 parts of ion-exchanged water over 0.5 hours. It was dripped in. After completion of the dropping, aging was performed at the same temperature for 2 hours.
Subsequently, it cooled to 40 degreeC and filtered with the 400 mesh filter. Furthermore, 10 mass% dimethylaminoethanol aqueous solution was added, and it adjusted to pH 7, and obtained emulsion resin with an average particle diameter of 110 nm, solid content of 24 mass%, solid content acid value of 20, and hydroxyl value of 40. It was 0 degreeC when the glass transition point was computed based on all the monomer compositions.

Example 1
Production of aqueous intermediate coating composition obtained in Production Example 1 and 124.7 parts (resin solid content 30.0%) of acrylic emulsion (AcEm-1) which is aqueous resin (A1) and Production Example 2 Polyester aqueous dispersion (PE-DP) 18.7 parts (resin solid content 45.0%) and 12.5 parts of "Cymel 202" manufactured by Ornex Japan as melamine resin (D) (resin solid content 80 %) Was added with stirring. 137.7 parts of the color pigment paste of Production Example 6 was added thereto, pH was adjusted to 8.0 with 0.01 part of dimethylethanolamine (Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Adecanol UH-814N (urethane associative viscosity agent) , 30 parts of active ingredient, manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name) 1.0 part is mixed and stirred, and 10 parts (resin solid content) of “Cymel 202” manufactured by Ornex Japan as melamine resin (D) is mixed. In addition, the mixture was stirred until uniform. 40.9 parts of Bihijoule 305 (manufactured by Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., polyisocyanate compound having an ethylene oxide group, ethylene oxide content: 20 mass%, isocyanate group content: 16 mass%) and hydrophilicity of Production Example 3 An aqueous intermediate coating composition was obtained by adding and stirring 8.3 parts of the modified carbodiimide compound (1) (resin solid content 40 mass%) while stirring.
“Cymel 202” used in this example is an imino-methylol type melamine resin, the average imino group amount per melamine nucleus is 1.5 or more, and the average methylol group amount is 0.5 or more 1 Less than 0.0. This “Cymel 202” had a gel fraction of a cured product of an equal mass mixture of the polyisocyanate compound (B) and the melamine resin (D) of 84%.

Production of aqueous base paint composition 116.7 parts of acrylic emulsion (resin solid content 30.0%) obtained in Production Example 1 and less than 80 mg KOH / g of hydroxyl value obtained in Production Example 7 The emulsion resin 104.2 parts (resin solid content 25%) was mixed. With respect to the obtained mixture, 66.7 parts of aqueous polyurethane resin (F) shown in the table (resin solid content 30%), and 21 parts of Alpaste MH8801 (aluminum pigment manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.) as a bright pigment ( Solid content 65%), phosphoric acid group-containing acrylic resin 5 parts, lauryl acid phosphate 0.3 part, and 2-ethylhexanol 30 parts, Adecanol UH-814N 3.3 parts (made by ADEKA) , Solid content 30%), 0.01 part of dimethylethanolamine (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), 150 parts of ion-exchanged water, and 20 parts of “Cymel 701” made by Ornex Japan as melamine resin (E) ( Resin solid content), "Cycat (registered trademark) 296-9" (weakly acidic phosphorus, manufactured by Ornex Japan Ltd. as weak acid catalyst (E) Acid ester, pKa (H ₂ O) 1.8 or more), 0.5% (solid content = catalyst effective amount) with respect to the total solid content of acrylic emulsion and melamine resin (D) which are aqueous resin (A2) Only) was added with stirring, and then 0.5 part of N, N-dimethylaminoethal (neutralizing agent) was further added and stirred to obtain an aqueous base coating composition. The PWC of the obtained coating composition was 12.0%.
The “Cymel 701” used in this example is an imino-methylol type melamine resin, the average imino group amount per melamine nucleus is 1.0 or more, and the average methylol group amount is 0.5 or more 1 Less than 0.0.

As a multilayer coating film-formed article, a power plate 150 (trade name, cationic electrodeposition paint manufactured by Nippon Paint Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd.) is applied to a zinc phosphate-treated dull steel plate so that the dry coating film has a thickness of 20 μm. The steel plate substrate was prepared by electrodeposition coating, cooling after heating and curing at 160 ° C. for 30 minutes.
The above-mentioned aqueous intermediate coating composition is applied to the obtained substrate (substrate) with a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating apparatus so that the dry film thickness is 25 μm, and then the above-mentioned aqueous base coating is rotary atomized. The coating film was coated with an electrostatic coating apparatus so that the dry film thickness was 15 μm, and preheated at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes. Note that a 6-minute interval was provided between the coating of the aqueous intermediate coating composition and the aqueous base coating composition. Furthermore, Polyurexel O-1200 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Paint Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd., polyisocyanate compound-containing two-component acrylic urethane-based organic solvent-type clear paint) is used as a clear paint on the coated plate. A test piece on which a multi-layer coating film was formed by coating with a coating apparatus so that the dry film thickness was 35 μm, followed by heat curing at 70 ° C., 75 ° C. or 80 ° C. for 20 minutes. Got.

Examples 2-7
In the production of the aqueous intermediate coating composition, an aqueous intermediate coating composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amounts of the respective components were changed to the amounts shown in the table.
A multilayer coating film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained aqueous intermediate coating composition was used.
In addition, the usage-amount of each component shown in the following table | surface is shown with the amount of solid content.
“Cymel 701” used in Example 2 is an imino-methylol type melamine resin, the average imino group amount per melamine nucleus is 1.0 or more and less than 1.5, and the average methylol group amount is 0. .5 or more and less than 1.0. In addition, “Cymel 701” used in this example had a gel fraction of a cured product of an equal mass mixture of polyisocyanate compound (B) and melamine resin (D) of 86%.
In the high imino-methylol type melamine resin (High-MF) used in Example 3, the average imino group amount per melamine nucleus was adjusted to 2.5 or more, and the average methylol group amount was adjusted to about 1.0. Melamine resin. Moreover, "High-MF" used in the present Example had a gel fraction of a cured product of an equal mass mixture of polyisocyanate compound (B) and melamine resin (D) of 85%.

Example 8
WB-3110CB (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Paint Automotive Coatings Co., Ltd., non-chlorinated polyolefin-containing conductive paint) as a water-based primer for adhesion to a resin member (polypropylene) is dried with a rotary atomizing electrostatic coating device. The coating was performed so that the film thickness was 15 μm.

A multilayer coating film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained resin member was used as an article to be coated.

Comparative Example 1
In the production of the aqueous intermediate coating composition, the aqueous intermediate coating composition was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the melamine resin (D) was not used and the amount of each component was changed to the amount shown in the following table. A product was prepared.
A multilayer coating film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained aqueous intermediate coating composition was used.

Comparative Examples 2 and 3
In the production of the aqueous intermediate coating composition, an aqueous intermediate coating composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the melamine resin (D) was changed to the type described in the table.
A multilayer coating film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained aqueous intermediate coating composition was used.

Comparative Example 4
In the production of the aqueous intermediate coating composition, an aqueous intermediate coating composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of each component was changed to the amount shown in the following table.
A multilayer coating film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained aqueous intermediate coating composition was used.

Comparative Example 5
In the production of the aqueous intermediate coating composition, in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) was not used and the amount of each component was changed to the amount described in the following table. A coating composition was prepared.
A multilayer coating film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained aqueous intermediate coating composition was used.

The measurement of the number average molecular weight in an Example is the value measured on the following GPC system measurement conditions.
Equipment: HLC-8220 GPC manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
Column: Shodex KF-606M, KF-603
Flow rate: 0.6 ml / min
Detector: RI, UV254nm
Moving layer: Tetrahydrofuran Standard sample: TSK STANDARD POLYSTYRENE (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), A-500, A-2500, F-1, F-4, F-20, F-80, F-700, 1-phenylhexane (Aldrich) (Made by company)

The gel fraction of the melamine resin (D) used for the preparation of the aqueous intermediate coating composition (the gel fraction of the cured product of an equal mass mixture of the polyisocyanate compound (B) and the melamine resin (D)) is as follows. It was measured.
The polyisocyanate compound (B) 50 parts by mass (resin solid content) and the melamine resin (D) 50 parts by mass (resin solid content) are sufficiently mixed, and immediately after mixing, the dry film thickness becomes 20 μm on the polypropylene plate. And then heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes.
The obtained coating film was peeled from the polypropylene plate to obtain a cured product.
The obtained cured product was left at 20 ° C. for 1 hour, and the mass was measured (M ₁ ). Next, the cured product was immersed in acetone at 20 ° C. for 24 hours. The residual cured product after the immersion was dried and the mass was measured (M ₂ ). The gel fraction was calculated from the following formula.
Gel fraction = (M ₂ / M ₁ ) × 100
When the gel fraction was measured as described above, the gel fraction of C202, C701, and High-MF exceeded 80%.
On the other hand, C303 and C235 had a gel fraction of less than 80%.

The measurement of the elongation at break of the water-based polyurethane resin used in each example and comparative example was performed according to the following procedure.
Measurement of elongation at break of aqueous polyurethane resin 95 parts by mass (resin solid content) of aqueous polyurethane resin and 5 parts by mass (resin solid content) of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) described in Production Example 3 Were mixed to be 100 parts by mass in total. In a clean environment free from dust, dust, etc., the resulting mixed solution was uniformly applied on a flat polypropylene plate with a doctor blade so that the dry film thickness was 20 μm. After standing at 20 ° C. for 10 minutes, preheating was performed at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes to volatilize moisture, and then baking was performed at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a cured film. The obtained cured film was subjected to a tensile performance test in accordance with JIS K7127 under the condition of a test temperature of −20 ° C., and the elongation at break (breaking elongation) was measured. The measurement was performed 20 times, and the average value of 18 times excluding the maximum value and the minimum value was defined as the elongation at break of the sample.

  The following evaluation was performed about the multilayer coating film obtained by the said Example and comparative example. The test results obtained are summarized in the following table.

Measurement of Koenig Hardness After the multilayer coating film formed in each Example and Comparative Example was allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 24 hours, the test plate having the coating film was set on a pendulum type hardness meter, and the measurement start angle was 6 °. And the number of reciprocations of the pendulum (tungsten carbide steel ball, pendulum weight 200 g ± 0.2%, pendulum ball diameter: 5 mm) until the measurement end angle falls below 3 ° was measured. The number of times was defined as the Koenig hardness (times). The greater the number of reciprocations, the higher the coating film hardness.

The test plate for evaluating moisture resistance was exposed to an atmosphere of 50 ° C. and 99% humidity for 240 hours and then dried at 20 ° C. for 24 hours. The coating film state of the test plate was visually observed, and the change in appearance before and after the test was observed. In the following criteria, in the case of ○ and ○ △ evaluation, it is judged that there is practicality.

○: There is almost no difference in gloss and smoothness.
○ △: Slight changes in gloss and smoothness are observed.
Δ: Changes in gloss and smoothness are observed.
Δ ×: Changes in gloss and smoothness are observed, but the change in gloss is particularly remarkable.
X: A remarkable difference can be confirmed in both gloss and smoothness.

Chipping resistance evaluation The test board having the laminated coating film obtained in each Example and Comparative Example was subjected to a stepping stone test using the Gralove Tester KSS-1 (manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.) under the following conditions.
<Test conditions>
Stone size: 6-8mm
Stone amount: 0.7-0.8g / piece Distance: 35cm
Shot pressure: 0.6 kg / cm ²
Shot angle: 45 °
Test temperature: -20 ° C

The test plate after the stepping stone test was visually evaluated according to the following criteria. In the following criteria, 4 points or more are judged to be acceptable and usable.
5: Peeling is hardly seen.
4: Although the peeling area is small, peeling at the interface between the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film is hardly observed.
3: Peeling area is slightly large, and peeling is observed at the interface between the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film.
2: The peeling area is large, and peeling is observed at the interface between the electrodeposition coating film and the intermediate coating film.
1: The peeling area is large, and the electrodeposition coating film is broken.

In the above table, “AcEm-1” described in the column of the aqueous resin represents the acrylic emulsion obtained in Production Example 1. “PE-DP” represents the polyester aqueous dispersion having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group obtained in Production Example 2.
“C” described in the columns of melamine resins (D) and (E) is an abbreviation for “cymel”.
"C-" described in the column of the weak acid catalyst (F) is an abbreviation for "Cycat".
The amount ^* of the weak acid catalyst (F) is a mass% with respect to the solid content mass of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition, and is a value calculated by the following formula.
Amount of weak acid catalyst = (F) / ((A2) + (E)) (mass%)

The multilayer coating film formed using the aqueous intermediate coating composition of the example has excellent coating film hardness in any of the cases where baking curing is performed under the low temperature conditions of 70 ° C., 75 ° C. and 80 ° C., It was confirmed to have moisture resistance and chipping resistance.
On the other hand, it was confirmed that the multilayer coating film formed using the aqueous intermediate coating composition of the comparative example was inferior in one or more performances among coating film hardness, moisture resistance and chipping resistance. .
Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the melamine resin (D) is not contained in the aqueous intermediate coating composition. In this case, as shown in the above table, when the baking temperature is 80 ° C., sufficient moisture resistance is obtained. On the other hand, when the baking temperature is 70 ° C. and 75 ° C., the moisture resistance and water resistance are remarkably lowered. As shown in the experimental results, when the baking temperature is less than 80 ° C., the water resistance of the obtained coating film is greatly reduced. On the other hand, when the aqueous intermediate coating composition of the present invention is used, it can be seen that there is no significant decrease in moisture resistance and water resistance even when the baking temperature is 70 ° C and 75 ° C.
Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are examples using a melamine resin that is outside the scope of the present invention. As shown in this comparative example, it was found that when a melamine resin that is outside the scope of the present invention is used, the hardness of the resulting coating film is improved to some extent at 70 ° C and 75 ° C curing conditions. On the other hand, it can be seen that the moisture resistance is greatly inferior under low temperature curing conditions.
Comparative Example 4 is an example in which the amount of the melamine resin (D) contained in the aqueous intermediate coating composition exceeds the range of the present invention. In this case, chipping resistance was inferior.
Comparative Example 5 is an example in which the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) is not contained in the aqueous intermediate coating composition. In this case, the moisture resistance of the obtained multilayer coating film is clearly inferior.

  From the above examples and comparative examples, by including a specific melamine resin (D) with respect to the aqueous intermediate coating composition containing the components (A1) to (C), for example, 68 to 120 ° C. is more preferable. Has excellent film hardness, moisture resistance and chipping resistance even under extremely low temperature curing conditions such as 68-110 ° C, more preferably 68-100 ° C, even 68-90 ° C, especially 70-75 ° C. If the advantageous effect of the present invention that it is possible to form a coating film is proved and the action mechanism exhibited by the configuration of the present invention described in this specification is considered together, the technique of the present invention It can be said that the significance of this was fully supported.

The water-based coating composition of the present invention has an advantage that a cured coating film having excellent coating film properties can be obtained even under heating conditions under low temperature conditions (for example, heating conditions of 100 ° C. or lower). The water-based paint composition of the present invention can be suitably used, for example, for coating an article having a steel plate portion and a resin portion. By coating with the aqueous coating composition of the present invention, it is possible to reduce environmental loads such as energy saving and CO ₂ emission reduction.

Claims (10)

An aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group,
Polyisocyanate compound (B),
Hydrophilic modified carbodiimide compound (C) and melamine resin (D)
An aqueous coating composition comprising:
The aqueous resin (A1) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g and an acid value of 10 to 40 mgKOH / g in terms of resin solid content.
The hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) is represented by the following general formula (I), (II) or (III),

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, Y is a structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and Z is a number average molecular weight of 200. It is the structure remove | excluding the hydroxyl group from -5,000 bifunctional polyol. ]

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, Y is a structure obtained by removing a hydroxyl group from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and R ⁰ is a hydrogen or methyl group. Or an ethyl group, R ¹ is an alkylene group having 4 or less carbon atoms, n is 0 or 1, and m is 0-60. ]

[X is a bifunctional organic group containing at least one carbodiimide group, and Y has a structure in which a hydroxyl group is removed from the same or different polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether. ]
The melamine resin (D) has an average imino group amount of 1.0 or more per melamine nucleus, and an average methylol group of 0.5 or more,
Content of the melamine resin (D) contained in the said aqueous coating composition is 3-23 mass% with respect to the resin solid content of the said aqueous coating composition, and the said polyisocyanate compound (B) and melamine resin The gel fraction of the cured product of the equal mass mixture of (D) is in the range of 80 to 100%.
Water-based paint composition. Content of the said hydrophilic modification carbodiimide compound (C) is 1-8 mass% with respect to the resin solid content of the said water-based coating composition,
The water-based coating composition according to claim 1. The ratio of the equivalent of the carbodiimide group of the hydrophilized modified carbodiimide compound (C) to the equivalent of the acid group of the aqueous resin (A1) contained in the aqueous coating composition is 0.1 to 0.6. ,
The water-based coating composition according to claim 1 or 2. A coating film forming step of coating the water-based coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on an object to form an uncured coating film,
The obtained coating film is heated and cured, a curing step,
A method for forming a coating film. An intermediate coating film forming step of forming an uncured intermediate coating film by coating a water-based intermediate coating composition on an object to be coated;
A base coating film forming step for forming an uncured base coating film by coating an aqueous base coating composition on the obtained uncured intermediate coating film,
A curing step of heating and curing the obtained uncured intermediate coating film and base coating film,
A method for forming a multilayer coating film, comprising:
The aqueous intermediate coating composition is the aqueous coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The water-based base coating composition is
An aqueous resin (A2) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group,
Melamine resin (E),
A weak acid catalyst (F), and an aqueous polyurethane resin (G),
An aqueous paint composition comprising
The aqueous resin (A2) having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group contained in the aqueous base coating composition has a hydroxyl value of 80 to 200 mgKOH / g in terms of resin solid content,
The melamine resin (E) has an average imino group amount of 1.0 or more per melamine nucleus, and an average methylol group of 0.5 or more,
The mass ratio of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is in the range of (A2) / (E) = 0.7-3 in terms of solid content,
The content of the weak acid catalyst (F) contained in the aqueous base coating composition is such that the solid content mass of the aqueous resin (A2) and melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition ((A2) + (E)) 0.1 to 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass,
The aqueous polyurethane resin (G) has a glass transition point (Tg) of −50 ° C. or lower,
The elongation at break of the cured film of the aqueous polyurethane resin (G) is 400% or more at −20 ° C.,
A method for forming a multilayer coating film. Content of the said water-based polyurethane resin (G) is 8 mass% or more and 30 mass% or less with respect to the resin solid content of the said water-based base coating composition.
The method for forming a multilayer coating film according to claim 5. The weak acid catalyst (F) contains a phosphate ester compound, and
The content of the weak acid catalyst (F) is 100 parts by mass of the solid content mass ((A2) + (E)) of the aqueous resin (A2) and the melamine resin (E) contained in the aqueous base coating composition. 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass,
The method for forming a multilayer coating film according to claim 5 or 6.   The said to-be-coated article is a multilayer coating-film formation method in any one of Claims 5-7 containing a steel plate part and a resin part. A clear coating film forming step of forming an uncured clear coating film by coating the clear coating composition on the uncured base coating film obtained in the base coating film forming process;
The curing step is a step of heating and curing the obtained uncured intermediate coating film, base coating film and clear coating film.
The method for forming a multilayer coating film according to claim 5.   The heating temperature in the said hardening process is a multilayer coating-film formation method in any one of Claims 5-9 which is 68-120 degreeC.