JP2018500865A - Artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

An artificial lightning generator manufacturing method based on a charge pump principle includes (a) a step of forming a second electrode on a prepared substrate, and (b) a negative charge charger having a sponge structure formed under the second electrode. (C) removing the spherical polymer particles from the negatively charged charged body using a toluene solution; (d) allowing the metal particles to penetrate into the negatively charged body; and (e) generating the charge. For this purpose, a step of forming a positive charge body at a position separated by a predetermined distance below the negative charge body, (f) nanostructuring the surface of the positive charge body, and (g) nano Coating the structured positively charged surface with the second metal particles; and (h) forming a ground layer for charge separation at a certain distance below one side of the positively charged body. And (i) a certain distance away from the lower part of the positively charged body. Forming a first electrode for charge accumulation at the formed position, and miniaturization is possible, and high output energy production is possible by fine energy such as wind, vibration, and sound, This has the effect of significantly reducing the cost of energy collection.

Description

  The present invention relates to an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a lightning generation principle, a new concept of “charge pump (integrated charge generator, charge separator and charge storage). Re-interpretation as a system) and embody an integrated system of development of new materials for charged bodies, device design, and system design for the design of charge pump systems, not just focusing on securing unit technology in existing research Thus, the present invention relates to an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle embodying a high-power artificial lightning generator and a method for manufacturing the same.

  In addition, the present invention introduces a charge accumulator utilizing a charge distribution shape between a ground layer and a conductor based on a static induction phenomenon for effective charge separation, and an element based on vibration structure modeling. The present invention relates to an artificial lightning generator and a manufacturing method thereof based on a sustainable environment-friendly and high-output charge pump principle through designing a structure, system design for efficient transmission of external energy, and ensuring reliability.

  Lightning made in nature transmits approximately 1 billion Joules of energy to the ground surface at the time of a single release, but if it is converted to energy, it will be possible to produce large amounts of electricity as a source of clean energy. .

  However, an expensive lightning tower has to be constructed, and there are practical problems such as a very short output release time and low harvesting and charging efficiency.

  The generation principle of lightning is due to the friction between water vapor molecules in the lightning cloud (cumulonimbus) and ice crystals, and the positive and negative charges generated by the friction are effectively separated by the density of the ice crystals and accumulate in the upper and lower parts of the cloud. This is based on releasing a large amount of charge due to the large potential generated by this. If such a principle can be implemented in the size of a palm, it can be applied to various types of portable electronic products and can be manufactured as an auxiliary battery source.

  The power generation method by friction is based on the phenomenon of charge transfer between substances that appear when two charged bodies rub. The energy conversion efficiency is higher than that of other micro energy power conversion systems, and high output is achieved even with small external stress. Can be obtained. Compared to other minute energies such as heat and the sun, there are no temporal and spatial constraints. In addition, there is no fatigue phenomenon, which is a fundamental problem in energy harvesting technology using existing piezoelectric materials that produce energy by strain inside the material, and it is also extremely sustainable energy production Is advantageous.

  However, the charge distribution on the charged surface is not uniform due to the limited charge transfer between the two charged bodies, the loss of charge generated in the device is large, the output current is low, and the output characteristics at low frequency There is a problem that the value drops rapidly.

  In addition, silicon-based (PDMS) and other materials that have already undergone most research have been carried out, and innovative new materials and structural designs that change existing platforms are indispensable.

Korean Registered Patent No. 10-0433327 (2004.05.18.)

  Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention reinterprets the lightning generation principle as a new concept “charge pump (system integrating charge generator, charge separator and charge storage)”. Electricity that realizes a high-power artificial lightning generator by developing a new charged material for charge pump system design, embodying an integrated system of element design and system design, without emphasizing only the unit technology of existing research An object is to provide an artificial lightning generator based on the pump principle and a method for manufacturing the same.

  In addition, the present invention introduces a charge accumulator utilizing a charge distribution shape between a ground layer and a conductor based on a static induction phenomenon for effective charge separation, and an element based on vibration structure modeling. The purpose is to provide an artificial lightning generator and its manufacturing method based on the principle of charge pump with sustainable high environmental power through designing the structure, ensuring system design for efficient transmission of external energy and ensuring reliability And

  In order to achieve the above object, an artificial lightning generator manufacturing method based on a charge pump principle according to the present invention includes (a) forming a second electrode on a prepared substrate, and (b) forming a second electrode. Forming a sponge-structured negatively charged body at the bottom; (c) removing a polymer spherical particle from the negatively charged body using a toluene solution; and (d) a negatively charged body. Infiltrating the first metal particles into the body, and (e) forming a positively charged charged body at a position separated by a predetermined distance below the negatively charged charged body for charge generation, f) nanostructuring the surface of the positively charged body, (g) coating the nanostructured surface of the positively charged body with the second metal particles, and (h) one side of the positively charged body. Form a ground layer for charge separation, maintaining a certain distance below And (i) forming a first electrode for accumulating charges at a position separated by a certain distance below the positively charged charged body.

  The artificial lightning generator and the manufacturing method thereof based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention can be miniaturized, and can produce high output energy by fine energy such as wind, vibration and sound, and collect energy. There is an effect that the cost generation due to can be significantly reduced.

  Further, according to the present invention, an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle and a method for manufacturing the same are provided through the development of a new charged material, a source technology for the material, an element structure based on a new conceptual principle of a charge pump, and a charge pump system. It is also possible to secure a source patent for this, which has an economic effect.

It is a conceptual diagram of the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle according to the present invention. It is a positively charged charged body manufacturing process diagram of the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention. It is a manufacturing process figure of the negative charge electrification body of the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle by invention. 4 is a diagram for explaining an artificial lightning generator manufacturing method based on a charge pump principle according to the present invention; 3 is a diagram for explaining a driving method and a principle of an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle according to the present invention;

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Prior to that, the terms and words used in the specification and claims should not be construed as limited to general or lexicographic meanings. Must be interpreted with the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention, based on the principle that the concept of terms can be properly defined in order to explain the invention in the best way .

  Therefore, the embodiment described in the present specification and the configuration illustrated in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention. At the time of filing, it should be understood that there can be various equivalents and variations that can be substituted.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle and a manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an artificial lightning generator based on a charge pump principle and a manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention. FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention includes a second electrode 10, a negative charge charger 20, a positive charge charger 30, a support unit 40, a contact portion. The formation 50 and the first electrode 60 are included.

  The second electrode 10 is formed on a flexible substrate (not shown) such as polyester (PET), polyester sulfone (PES), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), Kapton (registered trademark), Al, Ni, It is composed of one layer or multiple layers including at least one of Cr, Pt, Au, or ITO.

  The negatively charged charged body 20 is formed below the second electrode 10 and is formed to be supported by the support portion 40 and separated from the positively charged charged body 30 described later by a predetermined distance. .

  In particular, the negatively charged charged body 20 is made of a sponge-structured polymer, and the sponge-structured polymer has a size of spherical particles (polystyrene, silica, PMMA, etc.) and distilled water (DI: distilled water). ) Determines the size of the pores 21 inside the sponge structure, and it becomes a circular shape having a size of about 0.1 μm to 100 μm.

  On the other hand, the negatively charged body 20 having a sponge structure is made of an organic polymer (PMMA, PET, PEEK, PS, PE, COC) or an inorganic polymer (inorganic polymer: PDMS, Ormocer (registered trademark)). You can also.

  Meanwhile, the second electrode 10 and the negative charge body 20 are formed to be separated from the positive charge body 30 positioned below by a predetermined distance, and generate current and voltage by an external stimulus or a load.

  The positive charge body 30 is formed below the negative charge body 20, but is supported by the support portion 40 and is separated from the negative charge body 20 by a predetermined distance.

  At this time, an electrode made of a flexible material is used as the positively charged charged body 30 and an electrode of a composite material using Ag nanowires 31 is used. In order to improve charge generation, a second metal (Au, Ag) is used. , Al, Ni, Pt, etc.) particles 32 are coated.

  More specifically, with reference to FIG. 3, a process for producing a positively charged charged body of an artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention will be briefly described.

  As shown in FIG. 3a), the composite material electrode using the Ag nanowire 31 used as the positively charged charged body 30 is formed by applying the Ag nanowire 31 using a spin coating method. Disperse equally on a flat substrate and coat the dispersed Ag nanowire 31 with a stretchable epoxy-based polymer as illustrated in FIG. 3b) to form a composite, As shown in FIGS. 3c) and 3d), second metal (Au, Ag, Al, Ni, Pt, etc.) particles 32 are formed on the upper surface of the Ag nanowire 31 in order to improve charge generation. It is coated.

  Like the second electrode 10, the first electrode 60 is not shown, such as polyester (PET), polyester sulfone (PES), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or Kapton (Kapton (registered trademark)). On a flexible substrate, it is composed of one layer or multiple layers including at least one of Al, Ni, Cr, Pt, Au or ITO.

  The support portion 40 includes a first elastic support portion 41 and a second elastic support portion 42, and the first elastic support portion 41 is erected at four corner portions of the first electrode 60. The second elastic support portion 42 is erected at four corners of the positive charge charger 30 so as to be interposed between the lower electrode 60 and the positive charge charger 30. And the second electrode 10.

  The first elastic support portion 41 and the second elastic support portion 42 are made of an elastic body, typically a spring, and react sensitively to an external stimulus or a load, whereby the charge pump according to the present invention. It facilitates generation of current and voltage in an artificial lightning generator based on the principle and its manufacturing method.

  At this time, the first elastic support part 41 and the second elastic support part 42 are composed of springs having different spring constants (k) so that the external load, the magnitude and amplitude of vibration can be controlled. It is desirable.

  More specifically, the spring constant of the second elastic support portion 42 is 380 N / m, and in order to generate continuous friction due to a single load, the spring constant of the first elastic support portion 41 is 780 N / m is desirable.

  The ground layer 50 is disposed between the first electrode 60 and a charge generation layer (a negative charge charger and a positive charge charger), and selectively removes negative charges existing in the positive charge charger 30 by grounding. Then, the positively charged charged body 30 charged with only positive charges is efficiently accumulated in the first electrode 60 by a static induction method.

  In addition, as described above, the ground layer 50 is a layer that is selectively inserted to separate charges, and is composed of a single layer or multiple layers, and is connected to the ground or the outside to selectively charge. Manufactured from materials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers that can be separated.

  At this time, the spring, which is an elastic body provided below the ground layer 50, stably absorbs the external load applied to the descending positive charge charger 30, and stably stabilizes the ground layer 50 and the positive charge. The body 30 is brought into contact.

  Hereinafter, an artificial lightning generator manufacturing method based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, a step of preparing a substrate not shown in the drawing is performed (S100).

  Incidentally, as described above, the substrate corresponds to a flexible substrate such as polyester (PET), polyester sulfone (PES), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and Kapton (Kapton (registered trademark)).

  As shown in FIG. 5, forming the second electrode 10 including one or more layers including at least one of Al, Ni, Cr, Pt, Au, and ITO on the substrate. Perform (S200).

  A step of forming the negatively charged body 20 on the second electrode 10 as shown in FIG. 5a) is performed (S300).

  With reference to FIG. 4, the negatively charged charged body forming step will be described in more detail.

  The negatively charged charged body 20 forming step (S300) is illustrated in FIG. 4a), in which polymer spherical particles (polystyrene, silica, PMMA, etc.) are mixed with a liquid (S310) and FIG. 4b). As shown in the step (S320), FIG. 4c), in which the mixed polymer spherical particles (polystyrene, silica, PMMA, etc.) are arranged, the liquid is dried through the atmosphere. Removing (S330), as shown in FIG. 4d), mixing the polymer spherical particles with a negative charge in a liquid state (S340), and as shown in FIG. 4e) The spherical particles are filled with a negative charge in a liquid state (S350).

  At this time, as described above, the polymer constituting the negatively charged body 20 is an organic polymer (PMMA, PET, PEEK, PS, PE, COC), an inorganic polymer (inorganic polymer: PDMS, ORMOCER), or the like. A uniform layer can be deposited via spin coating, maintaining a vacuum and allowing the polymer solution to penetrate between the polymer spherical particles.

  The polymer in the liquid state can be heat treated at 90 ° C. and made into a structure having soft alternating polymer spherical particles and polymer.

  Thereafter, a step of removing the polymer spherical particles from the negatively charged charged body 20 including the polymer spherical particles separated on the substrate using a toluene solution was performed (S400).

  At this time, in step S400, in order to completely remove the polymer spherical particles, the polymer spherical particles are removed using a toluene solution for 8 to 24 hours, thereby removing the negatively charged particles. The body 20 has a sponge structure.

  Then, the first metal particles 22 (Au, Ag, Al, Ni, Pt, etc.) are formed in the negatively charged charged body 20 having a sponge structure (S500).

  At this time, the first metal particles 22 are used by being mixed with the liquid, and in a vacuum state, the first metal particles 22 are put together with the liquid in the pores 21 of the negatively charged body 20 having the sponge structure. To penetrate.

  If the first metal particles 22 penetrate into the pores 21 together with the liquid, only the liquid is selectively removed through a heat treatment at 90 ° C., whereby a plurality of the first metal particles 22 are formed inside the pores. A negatively charged charged body 20 having a sponge structure in which is formed.

  Thereafter, a step of forming a positively charged body 30 as shown in FIG. 5b at a position spaced apart from the negatively charged body 20 by a predetermined distance is performed (S600).

  As the positively charged charged body 30, an electrode made of a flexible material is used, and an electrode in the form of a composite material using the Ag nanowire 31 is used.

  A step of forming a nanostructure on the surface of the positively charged body 30 is performed (S700).

  The step of nano-structuring the surface of the positively charged body 30 is performed by performing patterning on the silicon substrate using photolithography (S710). If the patterning is completed, a buffered oxide etchant (BOE) is formed. The step of removing the oxide layer using S is performed (S720), the silicon is etched using a KOH solution, and is formed into a line shape, a cube shape, or a pyramid shape according to the patterned pattern shape. A step (S730) of fabricating an excavated mold is performed, and a step (S740) of spin-coating Ag nanowires before curing and a polymer composite is performed on the fabricated mold. , After removing bubbles generated during the spin coating, it is cured through ultraviolet exposure. Performs a floor (S750), the Ag nanowires polymers cured with said step includes the step (S760) to be removed from the silicon mold, it is possible to manufacture a surface structure of a nanostructured pyramid form.

  A step of coating the nanostructured positively charged body 30 with second metal (Au, Ag, Al, Ni, Pt, etc.) particles 32 to improve charge generation is performed (S800).

  A step of forming a ground layer 50 shown in FIG. 5c is performed below the positively charged charged body 30 by maintaining a certain distance (S900).

  At this time, the ground layer 50 may be composed of one or more layers including at least one of Al, Ni, Cr, Pt, Au, and ITO.

  Finally, the storage layer or the first electrode 60 shown in FIG. 5c) is formed at a position spaced apart from the positively charged body 30 by a predetermined distance (S1000).

  Through the steps S100 to S1000 as described above, as shown in FIG. 5d), the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention is manufactured.

  With reference to FIG. 6, the driving method and principle of the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention having the above-described configuration and manufactured by the above-described process will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 6 a), in the initial state, the negative charge charger 20 is negatively charged, and the positive charge charger 30 is separated into an upper portion and a lower portion. The second electrode 10 loses electrons relatively and is induced to a positive charge by the electrostatic induction due to the negative charge of the negatively charged charged body 20. The first electrode 60 is induced by negative charges.

  In the above-mentioned initial state, as shown in FIG. 6b), if an external load is applied to the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to the present invention, the second elastic support part is caused by different spring constants. 42 is contracted first, and the negatively charged charged body 20 and the positively charged charged body 30 first rub.

  At this time, the positively charged charged body 30 has a phenomenon in which the negative charge of the negatively charged charged body 20 causes the upper part to be separated into the positive charge and the lower part to be the negative charge, and the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle. Is a state in which the internal charge balance is achieved, and thus there is no movement of electrons in the external circuit.

  Thereafter, if an external load continuously acts on the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle, as shown in FIG. 60d, a positive charge is induced on the surface, the electrons move from the second electrode 10 to the first electrode 60, and an output current is generated. As shown in FIG. As shown, the lower layer of the positively charged body 30 rubs against the ground layer 50 and has a relatively negative charge on the upper layer (second electrode 10, negatively charged body 20, positively charged body). 30) negative charges are selectively separated through the ground layer 50.

  Finally, as illustrated in FIG. 6e), all layers are rubbed, and there is no charge and electron transfer due to charge balance inside the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle.

  After that, as shown in FIG. 6f), when the external load is removed, the springs constituting the first elastic support part 41 and the second elastic support part 42 are relaxed almost simultaneously, thereby Due to the extremely short time difference, the spring of the second elastic support portion 42 interposed between the positive charge body 30 and the second electrode 10 is loosened first, and the positive charge body 30 and the first electrode The spring of the first elastic support portion 41 interposed between the first elastic support portion 41 and the first elastic support portion 41 is relaxed afterward.

  When the spring of the first elastic support part 41 is relaxed later, the positive charge on the upper surface of the positively charged body 30 induces a negative charge on the lower surface, and electrons are injected from the ground layer 50. 6g), the negative charge of the negative charge charging body 20 induces a positive charge to the second electrode 10 and transfers electrons to the first electrode 60.

  As a result, after the external load is removed, the artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle does not move charges and electrons due to internal charge balance, and the positive / negative separated charge / charger 30 is separated. The charges combine to become neutral and return to the initial state, as shown in FIG. 6a), and the repetitive external loading produces an output by continuous drive and charge transfer as described above. .

  As described above, even though the present invention has been described with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains It goes without saying that various modifications and variations can be made within the equivalent scope of the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the claims to be described later.

10 Second Electrode 20 Negative Charge Charger 30 Positive Charge Charger 40 Support Unit

Claims (19)

A first electrode 60;
A positively charged charged body 30 provided apart from the first electrode 60;
A negative charge electrification body 20 provided to be spaced apart from the positive charge electrification body 30 and the first electrode 60;
A second electrode 10 provided in partial contact with the negatively charged charged body 20;
A first elastic support portion 41 formed between the first electrode 60 and the positively charged body 30;
A second elastic support portion 42 formed between the positively charged body 30 and the second electrode 10;
An artificial lightning based on a charge pump principle, comprising: a ground layer 50 formed at a predetermined distance from the positive charge body 30 so as to intermittently contact the positive charge body 30; Generator.   When the external load is applied, a negative charge under the positive charge charger 30 induces a positive charge on the surface of the first electrode 60, and electrons move from the second electrode 10 to the first electrode 60. The artificial lightning generator according to claim 1, wherein an output current is generated.   The artificial lightning generator according to claim 1, wherein the first elastic support part (41) and the second elastic support part (42) are made of springs having different spring constants (k).   When the external load is continuously applied, the second elastic support portion 42 is contracted before the first elastic support portion 41, and when the external load is removed, the second elastic support portion 42 The artificial lightning generator according to claim 2, wherein the first elastic support part (41) is relaxed simultaneously. The ground layer 50 includes:
The positive charge charged body 30 that is made of metal, ceramics, or polymer material, selectively removes the negative charge existing in the positive charge charged body 30 by grounding, and is charged only by the positive charge is an electrostatic induction method. The artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle according to claim 1, wherein charges are accumulated in the first electrode 60. The negatively charged charged body 20 includes:
2. The artificial lightning generator according to claim 1, wherein the artificial lightning generator has a nanostructured surface including a sponge structure in which a large number of pores 21 having a size of 0.1 to 30 [mu] m are formed. (A) forming the second electrode 10 on the prepared substrate;
(B) forming a negatively charged charged body 20 below the second electrode 10;
(E) forming a positive charge body 30 at a position separated by a predetermined distance below the negative charge body 20 for charge generation;
(F) nanostructuring the surface of the positively charged body 30;
(G) coating the nanostructured surface of the positively charged body 30 on the second metal particles 32;
(H) A step of forming a ground layer 50 for charge separation at a certain distance below one side of the positively charged body 30;
(I) forming a first electrode 60 for accumulating charges at a position spaced apart from the positive charge electrification body 30 by a certain distance; an artificial lightning based on a charge pump principle, Generator manufacturing method. Step (b) includes (b-1) arranging polymer spherical particles mixed with a liquid;
(B-2) removing the liquid via drying in air;
(B-3) The method for producing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 7, comprising filling the polymer spherical particles from which the liquid is removed with a negative charge in a liquid state. The artificial lightning power generation according to claim 8, further comprising: (c) after the step (b), using the toluene solution to remove the polymer spherical particles from the negatively charged charged body 20. Machine manufacturing method. After step (c),
The method for manufacturing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 9, further comprising: (d) infiltrating the first metal particles 22 into the negatively charged charged body 20. The step (f) includes:
(F-1) performing patterning on a silicon substrate using photolithography;
(F-2) When the patterning is completed, using a buffered oxide etchant (BOE), removing the oxide layer;
(F-3) etching the silicon using a KOH solution, and producing a mold dug into a line shape, a cube shape, or a pyramid shape according to the patterned pattern form;
(F-4) Spin-coating Ag nanowires before curing and a polymer composite on the manufactured mold;
(F-5) In a vacuum state, after removing bubbles generated during the spin coating, curing the Ag nanowire and the Ag nanowire polymer that is a polymer composite through UV exposure; and
(F-6) The step of removing the cured Ag nanowire polymer from the silicon mold, The method of manufacturing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 7. The ground layer 50 includes:
It is composed of a metal, ceramics or polymer material, and the negative charge existing in the positively charged charged body 30 is selectively removed by grounding, and the positively charged charged body 30 charged only by the positive charge is used for electrostatic induction. The method of manufacturing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 7, wherein charges are accumulated in the first electrode 60 in a manner.   When the external load is applied, a negative charge below the positive charge body 30 induces a positive charge on the surface of the first electrode 60, and electrons move from the second electrode 10 to the first electrode 60. The method for producing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 7, wherein an output current is generated.   A first elastic support 41 is interposed between the first electrode 60 and the positively charged charged body 30, and a second elastic support is provided between the positively charged charged body 30 and the second electrode 10. The method of manufacturing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 7, wherein the portion 42 is interposed.   The method of claim 14, wherein the first elastic support part 41 and the second elastic support part 42 are made of springs having different spring constants (k). The negatively charged charged body 20 includes:
The method for manufacturing an artificial lightning generator according to claim 7, wherein the artificial lightning generator has a nanostructured surface including a sponge structure in which a large number of pores 21 having a size of 0.1 to 30 µm are formed. In a method for producing a negatively charged charged body of an artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle,
(A1) mixing polymer spherical particles (polystyrene, silica, PMMA, etc.) with a liquid;
(A2) arranging the polymer spherical particles (polystyrene, silica, PMMA, etc.) mixed with the liquid;
(A3) removing the liquid via drying in air;
(A4) mixing a negative charge in a liquid state with the polymer spherical particles;
(A5) A step of filling the polymer spherical particles with a negative charge in a liquid state. The liquid is
18. The first metal particle 22 (Au, Ag, Al, Ni, Pt) is included, and the first metal particle 22 penetrates into the pores 21 of the negatively charged body. Negative charge charged body manufacturing method. In a method for producing a positively charged charged body of an artificial lightning generator based on the charge pump principle,
(B1) Using a spin coating method, the Ag nanowires 31 are evenly distributed on a flat substrate;
(B2) coating a dispersed epoxy-based polymer on the dispersed Ag nanowire 31 to form a composite;
(B3) coating the second metal particles 32 on the upper surface of the Ag nanowire 31;