JP2018173061A - Power generation system and power generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generation system and a power generation method which improve a power generation efficiency by a steam turbine by increasing, without generating CO, the temperature of super heated steam for driving the steam turbine for power generation.SOLUTION: A power generation system includes a combustion apparatus 1 which burns a combustible material, an evaporator 2 which generates vapor by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the combustion apparatus 1, a superheater 3 which super-heats the vapor from the evaporator 2, a steam turbine 12 which is driven by the superheated steam from the superheater 3, and a power generator 13 which is connected to the steam turbine 12 and generates electric power. The superheater 3 and the steam turbine 12 are connected via a heat exchanger 15. An ammonia combustion apparatus 14 is connected to the heat exchanger 15. Ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by combusting ammonia in the ammonia combustion apparatus 14 is guided into the heat exchanger 15 to increase the temperature of the super heated steam by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus and a power generation method for increasing power generation capacity by increasing the temperature of steam supplied to a steam turbine when generating power with a steam turbine.

  Combusting combustible materials, generating steam with the heat, driving a steam turbine with the steam, and generating electricity with a generator connected to the steam turbine has long been performed. Repowering techniques that increase capacity are widely considered.

  In Patent Document 1, waste is burned in an incinerator, and steam is generated by using heat (waste heat) generated by combustion of combustible materials contained in the waste, and the operation is performed by steam generated by the boiler. A waste incineration power plant is disclosed that includes a steam turbine and a generator driven by the steam turbine. In such a waste incineration power plant, there is a need for a repowering technique that increases the steam temperature when it is supplied to the steam turbine to increase the efficiency of the power plant and increase the power generation capacity. The apparatus disclosed as the prior art includes a heater that raises the steam temperature with the exhaust gas of a gas turbine using fossil fuel such as city gas. According to such an apparatus, the steam temperature is increased by the heater, and the power generation efficiency in the steam turbine can be improved.

JP 2002-339709 A

However, if the heater disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used, the temperature of the steam supplied to the steam turbine can be raised by the heater to improve the power generation amount. However, for heating the steam by the heater When a gas turbine is used, fossil fuel such as city gas is used as a heat source for driving the gas turbine, which causes a problem of CO ₂ emission.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a power generation apparatus and a power generation method capable of increasing the temperature of steam supplied to a steam turbine and improving power generation efficiency without discharging CO _2. Let it be an issue.

  The present invention is configured as in the following first to eighth inventions regarding the power generation device, and is configured as in the following ninth to sixteenth inventions regarding the power generation method.

[Power generation equipment]
<First invention>
Combustion device that burns combustible material, evaporator that generates steam by heat of exhaust gas generated by the combustion device, superheater that superheats steam from the evaporator, and steam turbine that is driven by superheated steam from the superheater And a power generator having a generator connected to the steam turbine to generate power,
A superheater and a steam turbine are connected via a heat exchanger, and an ammonia gas turbine is connected to the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is used for the heat exchange. An electric power generator characterized in that the superheated steam is heated to a temperature by exchanging with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas.

<Second invention>
In the first invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward an exhaust gas discharge part that discharges exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and the exhaust gas flow path is provided with a denitration device between the superheater and the exhaust gas discharge part, A power generator configured to supply a part of ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from a heat exchanger to an inlet of the denitration device.

<Third invention>
In the first invention, the combustion device is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is reduced by the combustion device. A power generator that is supplied to the upstream side from the position where the agent is supplied.

<Fourth Invention>
In the first invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward an exhaust gas discharge part that discharges exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and the exhaust gas flow path is provided with a denitration device between the superheater and the exhaust gas discharge part, The combustion device is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied to the inlet of the denitration device and the combustion device. A power generator configured to be supplied upstream from a position where the reducing agent is supplied.

<Fifth invention>
An incinerator that burns waste containing combustibles, an evaporator that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the incinerator, a superheater that superheats steam from the evaporator, and superheated steam from the superheater In a power generator having a driven steam turbine and a generator that is connected to the steam turbine and generates power,
A superheater and a steam turbine are connected via a heat exchanger, and an ammonia gas turbine is connected to the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is used for the heat exchange. An electric power generator characterized in that the superheated steam is heated to a temperature by exchanging with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas.

<Sixth Invention>
In the fifth invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward a chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and the exhaust gas flow path includes an economizer, a temperature reduction tower, a dust collector, and a denitration device between the superheater and the chimney. In order to supply a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger to at least one of the incinerator, the inlet of the superheater, the inlet of the economizer and the inlet of the denitration device. A power generator that is supposed to be.

<Seventh invention>
In the fifth invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward a chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and an economizer and a dust collector are sequentially provided between the superheater and the chimney, and the incinerator Is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the incinerator, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied with the reducing agent of the incinerator. A power generator that is supplied to at least one of an upstream side, an inlet of the superheater, and an inlet of the economizer.

<Eighth invention>
In the fifth invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward a chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and an economizer, a dust collector, and a denitration device are sequentially provided between the superheater and the chimney. The incinerator is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the incinerator, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied by the reducing agent of the incinerator. A power generator that is supplied to at least one of the upstream side, the inlet of the superheater, the inlet of the economizer, and the inlet of the denitration device.

[Power generation method]
<Ninth Invention>
Combustible materials are combusted in a combustion device, steam is generated in the evaporator by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, the steam from the evaporator is superheated by the superheater, and the steam turbine is driven by the superheated steam from the superheater. In the power generation method of generating power with a generator connected to the steam turbine,
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is guided to the heat exchanger connecting the superheater and the steam turbine, and the temperature of the superheated steam is increased by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas. A power generation method characterized by:

<Tenth invention>
In the ninth aspect of the invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward an exhaust gas discharge part that discharges exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, a denitration device is provided between the superheater of the exhaust gas flow path and the exhaust gas discharge part, and the heat exchanger A power generation method in which a part of the discharged ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the inlet of the denitration device.

<Eleventh invention>
In a ninth aspect of the invention, the combustion device is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is used as a reducing agent for the combustion device. A power generation method in which supply is performed upstream from a supply position.

<Twelfth invention>
In the ninth aspect of the invention, an exhaust gas flow path is provided toward an exhaust gas discharge portion that discharges exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, a denitration device is provided between the superheater of the exhaust gas flow channel and the exhaust gas discharge portion, and the NOx is disposed in the combustion device. A reducing agent supply mechanism is provided for supplying a reducing agent for reducing the amount of ammonia into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied to the inlet of the denitration device and the reducing agent of the combustion device. A power generation method to supply upstream from the position.

<Thirteenth invention>
Combustible waste is combusted in an incinerator, steam is generated in the evaporator by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the incinerator, the steam from the evaporator is superheated by the superheater, and the superheated steam from the superheater is used. In a power generation method of driving a steam turbine and generating power with a generator connected to the steam turbine,
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is guided to the heat exchanger connecting the superheater and the steam turbine, and the temperature of the superheated steam is increased by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas. A power generation method characterized by:

<14th invention>
In the thirteenth invention, an exhaust gas passage is provided for a chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and an economizer, a temperature reducing tower, a dust collector, and a denitration device are sequentially installed between the superheater and the chimney in the exhaust gas passage A power generation method comprising: supplying a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger to at least one of the incinerator, the inlet of the superheater, the inlet of the economizer, and the inlet of the denitration apparatus.

<Fifteenth invention>
In the thirteenth invention, an exhaust gas passage is provided toward a chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, an economizer and a dust collector are sequentially provided between the superheater and the chimney in the exhaust gas passage, and NOx is supplied to the incinerator. A reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent to be reduced into the incinerator is provided, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is disposed upstream from the position where the reducing agent of the incinerator is supplied, A power generation method for supplying to at least one of the inlet of the superheater and the entrance of the economizer.

<16th invention>
In the thirteenth invention, an exhaust gas passage is provided toward a chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and an economizer, a dust collector, and a denitration device are sequentially provided between the superheater and the chimney in the exhaust gas passage, A reducing agent supply mechanism is provided for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the incinerator, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is upstream from the position where the reducing agent is supplied to the incinerator. A power generation method of supplying to at least one of a side, an inlet of the superheater, an inlet of the economizer, and an inlet of the denitration apparatus.

[Functions and effects of the first to sixteenth inventions]
The operational effects of the first to the sixteenth inventions configured as described above are as follows.

<First invention, ninth invention>
In the first and ninth inventions, ammonia is combusted in an ammonia gas turbine, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is guided to a heat exchanger, and the superheated steam supplied to the steam turbine is increased by the high temperature ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas. The steam turbine is driven by the heated and heated superheated steam. At that time, since ammonia does not generate CO ₂ even if it burns, the temperature of the superheated steam is raised without discharging CO ₂ , thereby improving the power generation capability of the steam turbine. Since the ammonia gas turbine also generates power, the power generation capacity of the entire apparatus is further improved.

<Second invention, tenth invention>
In the second and tenth inventions, a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas after heat exchange with the superheated steam in the heat exchanger is supplied to the inlet of the denitration device in the exhaust gas flow path. Thereby, NOx contained in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is removed. Further, when there is residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, the residual ammonia acts as a reducing agent for the denitration catalytic reaction with respect to NOx generated when combustibles are combusted in the combustion device, and the NOx is decomposed. The Therefore, it is not necessary to supply the reducing agent ammonia from the outside to the inlet of the denitration apparatus, or the amount of the reducing agent ammonia supplied from the outside can be reduced. As the denitration apparatus, it is preferable to use a denitration catalyst apparatus that reduces and decomposes NOx with a reducing agent such as ammonia in the presence of a catalyst, but other types of denitration apparatuses may be used.

  Since the exhaust gas from the combustion device to be processed to be sent to the denitration device has been cooled down to a temperature suitable for dust removal by the dust collector before sending, before being sent to the denitration device However, in the present invention, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas has a heat quantity after the heat exchange and can use this heat quantity. No heating is required or reheating by the reheating device can be reduced.

<Third Invention, Eleventh Invention>
In the third invention and the eleventh invention, the combustion device is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is provided. The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the combustion device provided with the reducing agent supply mechanism, and is supplied to the upstream side of the position where the reducing agent of the combustion device is supplied. NOx contained in the turbine exhaust gas is reduced by the reducing agent. Further, when there is residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, the residual ammonia acts as a reducing agent for the denitration reaction with respect to NOx generated when combustibles are burned in the combustion device, and the NOx is decomposed. . Therefore, a denitration device for treating NOx generated in the combustion device is not necessary, or even when a denitration device is provided, the ammonia amount of the reducing agent supplied from the outside to the inlet of the denitration device can be reduced.

<Fourth Invention, Twelfth Invention>
In the fourth and twelfth inventions, the combustion device is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is provided. In addition, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism, which is configured to be supplied to the upstream side from the position where the reducing agent of the combustion device is supplied and to the inlet of the denitration device of the exhaust gas flow path. The NOx contained in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the combustion device and reduced by the reducing agent. Further, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the inlet of the denitration device, and NOx contained in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is removed. In addition, when there is residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, the residual ammonia acts as a reducing agent in the denitration reaction in the combustion device and in the denitration device against NOx generated when combustibles burn in the combustion device. Then, NOx is decomposed. Therefore, it is not necessary to supply the reducing agent ammonia from the outside to the inlet of the denitration apparatus, or the amount of the reducing agent ammonia supplied from the outside can be reduced.

<Fifth Invention, Thirteenth Invention>
The fifth and thirteenth inventions are obtained by burning the waste because the combustion apparatus according to the first and ninth inventions is a waste incinerator for treating waste containing combustibles. After generating steam with heat and making it superheated steam, the temperature of this superheated steam is raised by the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, and then the steam turbine is driven with this superheated steam to generate power as in the first and fifth inventions. It generates electricity with a machine. At that time, since ammonia does not generate CO ₂ even if it burns, the temperature of the superheated steam is raised without discharging CO ₂ , thereby improving the power generation capability of the steam turbine. In the ammonia gas turbine, it is also possible to generate power, and in that case, the power generation capacity is further improved.

<Sixth and Fourteenth Inventions>
In the sixth invention and the fourteenth invention, a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas after heat exchange with the superheated steam in the heat exchanger is transferred to at least the incinerator, the superheater inlet, the economizer inlet, and the denitration equipment inlet. The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas acts as follows in an incinerator, a superheater, an economizer, and a denitration device. The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas can be selectively supplied to at least one of the combustion chamber, gas mixing chamber, and secondary combustion chamber of the incinerator.

(A) Incinerator (i) Combustion chamber of incinerator:
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas supplied to the combustion chamber suppresses the flame temperature from becoming excessively high in the combustion chamber and sufficiently stirs and mixes the combustible unburned gas generated in the combustion chamber and the combustion air. Thus, combustion is promoted and combustion is stabilized. Therefore, the generation of CO is reduced, and the generation of thermal NOx is reduced by suppressing the generation of a local high temperature field. Furthermore, the residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx generated in the combustion chamber to denitrate, thereby reducing NOx emissions.

(Ii) Incinerator gas mixing chamber:
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas supplied to the gas mixing chamber promotes stirring and mixing of the combustible unburned gas flowing in from the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion air received in the gas mixing chamber, and is located downstream of the gas mixing chamber. Since the secondary combustion of the unburned gas in the secondary combustion chamber is promoted and stabilized, the emission of thermal NOx is reduced by reducing the emission of CO and suppressing the generation of a local high temperature field. Further, residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx to denitrate, thereby reducing NOx emissions.

(Iii) Incinerator secondary combustion chamber:
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas supplied to the secondary combustion chamber promotes agitation and mixing of the combustible unburned gas and the secondary combustion air flowing from the gas mixing chamber to promote secondary combustion of the unburned gas. In addition, because of stabilization, CO emission is reduced, and generation of thermal NOx is reduced by suppressing generation of a local high temperature field. Further, residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx to denitrate, thereby reducing NOx emissions. It is preferable that the position where the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber is a position where the incinerator exhaust gas from the combustion chamber can be retained in a temperature atmosphere of 850 ° C. or higher for a period of 2 seconds or longer. Thereby, dioxins are decomposed and dioxins are prevented from being discharged.

(B) Superheater (boiler):
Since the incinerator exhaust gas is diluted with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, the exhaust gas temperature is suppressed from exceeding the temperature at which the boiler heat transfer tube is corroded, the corrosive gas (HCl) concentration is reduced, and the boiler Corrosion suppression is possible.

(C) Economizer:
Since the boiler water is also heated using the retained heat of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, the retained energy of the superheated steam can be increased.

(D) Denitration device:
NOx contained in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas can be decomposed by a denitration catalytic reaction. Further, since residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx, it is not necessary to supply the reducing agent ammonia from the outside to the inlet of the denitration device for the reduction of NOx, or the reduction supplied from the outside The amount of ammonia in the agent can be reduced. Furthermore, the retained heat of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas can be used, and reheating of the incinerator exhaust gas necessary for denitration of the incinerator exhaust gas becomes unnecessary, or reheating can be reduced.

<Seventh Invention, Fifteenth Invention>
In the seventh and fifteenth inventions, the incinerator is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the incinerator, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is It is supposed to be supplied to at least one location upstream of the position where the reducing agent of the incinerator is supplied, the inlet of the superheater and the inlet of the economizer. The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas has a reducing agent supply mechanism. NOx contained in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is reduced by the reducing agent supplied to the incinerator provided, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is an incinerator, a superheater, and an economizer. Works in the same way.

<Eighth Invention, Sixteenth Invention>
In the eighth invention and the sixteenth invention, the incinerator is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the incinerator, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is provided. The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is to be supplied upstream from the position where the reducing agent of the incinerator is supplied, to the inlet of the superheater, the inlet of the economizer, and at least one of the above denitration equipment. The NOx contained in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is reduced by the reducing agent, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the incinerator, superheater, economizer, and denitration device. Works in the same way as the sixth invention and the fourteenth invention.

As described above, according to the first and fifth aspects of the present invention, when a combustible is burned by a combustion device to obtain steam, and this is used as superheated steam to drive a steam turbine to generate power with a generator. Because the temperature of the superheated steam is raised by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas from the ammonia gas turbine in the heat exchanger, the power generation capacity of the generator by the steam turbine can be increased, and the ammonia is Since CO ₂ is not discharged during combustion, the situation where CO ₂ is discharged for the purpose of raising the temperature of the superheated steam is eliminated. Further, if the ammonia gas turbine also generates power, the power generation capacity of the entire apparatus is further improved. Furthermore, according to the third and seventh inventions, the combustion device can be implemented as an incinerator for combusting waste containing combustible materials, and the power generation capacity in power generation by waste incineration can be increased.

  Further, in the first and ninth inventions, a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the inlet of the denitration device. If configured as in the second and tenth inventions, the ammonia remaining in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas NOx can be reduced and NOx emissions can be reduced, so that it is not necessary to supply ammonia as a reducing agent from the outside to the inlet of the denitration device, or the amount of ammonia in the reducing agent supplied from outside can be reduced. . Further, since the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas has retained heat, it is not necessary to reheat the exhaust gas to be treated with NOx during denitration, or reheating can be reduced.

  Furthermore, if a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is configured as in the sixth and fourteenth inventions to be supplied to at least one of the incinerator, the superheater inlet, the economizer inlet and the denitration equipment inlet, In addition to the above-described effects of reducing NOx and eliminating or reducing the need to reheat exhaust gas in a denitration device, incinerators stabilize combustion, reduce CO generation, reduce NOx emissions, and in superheaters In addition, the boiler corrosion suppression by dilution of the incinerator exhaust gas and the economizer have the effect of increasing the amount of heat collected in the boiler using the retained heat of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas.

It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram by the longitudinal section about the incinerator in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an incinerator for burning waste containing combustible materials. A boiler having an evaporator 2 and a superheater 3 is connected to the incinerator 1. An exhaust gas flow path 10 is provided toward the chimney 9 that releases the exhaust gas after the exhaust gas treatment to the atmosphere. In the exhaust gas flow path 10 through which the incinerator exhaust gas is circulated, an economizer 4 and a temperature reducing tower are disposed between the superheater 3 and the chimney 9 in a downstream direction as a flow direction of the exhaust gas from the superheater 3 to the chimney 9. 5, various devices such as a dust collector 6, a denitration device 7, and a blower 8 are arranged in this order.

  The evaporator 2 is connected to the economizer 4 by a warming water supply path 11, and receives warm water from the economizer 4 through the warming water supply path 11 and also receives high-temperature exhaust gas from the incinerator 1. The heated water is heated with the heat of the exhaust gas to generate steam. The evaporator 2 is connected to the superheater 3 located on the downstream side of the evaporator 2, and sends steam generated by the evaporator 2 to the superheater 3. The superheater 3 raises the temperature of the steam from the evaporator 2 by the retained heat of the incinerator exhaust gas, and supplies it as superheated steam to a steam turbine described later.

  An economizer 4 disposed on the downstream side of the superheater 3 is connected. In the economizer 4, the steam used for driving the steam turbine, which will be described later, receives the condensate that has been condensed by the condenser, and this remains in the incinerator exhaust gas after the steam is heated by the superheater 3. It heats with heat and supplies to the evaporator 2 through the said warming water supply path 11 as warming water.

  A dust collector 6 disposed on the downstream side of the economizer 4 is connected to the economizer 4 via a temperature reducing tower 5. The temperature reducing tower 5 lowers the temperature of the exhaust gas to a temperature suitable for removing the exhaust gas in the dust collector 6. The temperature reducing tower 5 may be omitted.

  A denitration device 7 disposed on the downstream side of the dust collector 6 is connected to the dust collector 6. The denitration device 7 decomposes into harmless nitrogen and water vapor by a catalytic denitration reaction using ammonia supplied as a reducing agent, NOx in the incinerator exhaust gas removed by the dust collector 6 to obtain a detoxification treatment exhaust gas. The denitration device 7 is provided with a blower 8, and the detoxification exhaust gas is sent to the chimney 9 by the blower 8 and discharged from the chimney 9 to the atmosphere.

  In the present embodiment, the steam turbine 12 driven by receiving superheated steam from the superheater 3, the generator 13 connected to the steam turbine 12, and further the ammonia driven by burning ammonia A gas turbine 14 and a heat exchanger 15 for exchanging heat with the superheated steam with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas from the ammonia gas turbine 14 to further raise the temperature of the superheated steam are provided. The ammonia gas turbine 14 includes a generator and generates power.

  As described above, the heat exchanger 15 receives superheated steam from the superheater 3 and also receives high-temperature ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas from the ammonia gas turbine 14 to exchange heat between the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas and superheated steam. Thus, the temperature of the superheated steam is further raised, and the heated superheated steam is supplied to the steam turbine 12 to drive the steam turbine 12 with high efficiency, thereby generating power by the generator 13. I do. The steam turbine 12 is connected to the economizer 4 via a condenser 16 so that the steam used for driving the steam turbine 12 is condensed by the condenser 16 and supplied to the economizer 4. It has become.

  In the present embodiment, a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas after the temperature of the superheated steam has been raised in the heat exchanger 15, as seen in FIG. 1, the position A of each supply port of the incinerator 1, the superheater 3. Is supplied to at least one of an inlet position B of the economizer 4, an inlet position C of the economizer 4, and an inlet position D of the denitration apparatus 7. The supply position of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is indicated by reference signs A to D marked with * in FIG. The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas still has retained heat after being subjected to the temperature rise of the superheated steam in the heat exchanger 15, and ammonia may remain (hereinafter referred to as "residual ammonia"). ), The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas supplied from the positions A to D acts as described later in each device by the retained heat and the residual ammonia, and improves the function in each device.

  Next, the configuration of the incinerator 1 and the supply position of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an example of an incinerator 1 that burns waste containing combustible materials. A waste input port 22 is provided at an upper part of one end (left end in the figure) of the combustion chamber 21 of the incinerator 1, and an evaporator 2 is provided above the other end (right end in the figure) of the combustion chamber 21. A gas mixing chamber 23 connected to the boiler 30 as the superheater 3 is provided, and an incinerated ash discharge port 24 is provided at the lower end of the other end of the combustion chamber 21. And in the combustion chamber 21, the intermediate ceiling 25 which consists of a structure of a refractory material or a boiler type water cooling wall is provided so that it may become a downward slope toward the incineration ash discharge port 24 side from the waste input port 22 side. Yes. A dry grate 26a, a combustion grate 26b, and a post-combustion grate 26c are provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 21 from the waste input port 22 side toward the incineration ash discharge port 24 side. And primary combustion air is supplied from the lower part of each grate.

  In the dry grate 26a, the waste is dried, ignited, and partially combusted. By suppressing the amount of combustion air, a combustible gas (which contains CO and hydrocarbons in a large amount later as a heat source at the time of secondary combustion) Hereinafter referred to as unburned gas). Further, in the combustion grate 26b, combustion air is sufficiently supplied to the waste that has started to burn, the waste is completely burned, and primary combustion exhaust gas (hereinafter referred to as combustion gas) containing a large amount of oxygen is produced. Occur. Further, the unburned waste is burned in the post-combustion grate 26c, and the incineration ash is discharged to the outside from the incineration ash discharge port 24.

  In the gap 27 between the ceiling 21a of the combustion chamber 21 and the front end portion (left end portion in the figure) 25a formed by the intermediate ceiling 25, unburned gas from the waste on the dry grate 26a flows. In the gap 28 between the side wall 24a on the side of the incineration ash discharge port 24 and the rear end portion (right end portion in the figure) 25b of the intermediate ceiling 25, the flow P flows from the waste on the combustion grate 26b. A combustion gas flow Q is formed.

  The unburned gas flow P and the combustion gas flow Q pass through the gap 27 on the front end portion 25a side and the gap 28 on the rear end portion 25b side of the intermediate ceiling 25, respectively, and are located in the inlet of the boiler 30. 23. Since the unburned gas flow P and the combustion gas flow Q face each other when flowing into the gas mixing chamber 23, they collide in the gas mixing chamber 23. As a result, both gases are mixed, secondary combustion air is supplied in the secondary combustion chamber 29 located downstream of the gas mixing chamber 23 (above the gas mixing chamber 23), and the unburned gas is subjected to secondary combustion. By maintaining the inside of the gas mixing chamber 23 and the secondary combustion chamber 29 at a high temperature, dioxins in the incinerator exhaust gas are thermally decomposed, and generation of dioxins is suppressed.

  The boiler 30 has a first radiation chamber 31, a second radiation chamber 32, and a contact heat transfer chamber 33, and the first radiation chamber 31 is a secondary combustion chamber 29 in the upstream portion of the exhaust gas flow. The first radiation chamber 31 and the second radiation chamber 32 communicate with each other at the upper part, and the lower part of the second radiation chamber 32 and the lower part of the contact heat transfer chamber 33 communicate with each other.

  In the boiler 30, the inner surface of the structure is an inner wall formed of a refractory material, and the first radiating chamber 31 and the second radiating chamber 32 circulate steam in the inner wall of the refractory material forming the inner wall. The pipes are buried in a densely arranged state. On the other hand, the contact heat transfer chamber 33 is provided with a contact heat transfer tube (not shown) in its internal space.

  The boiler 30 forms the evaporator 2 shown in FIG. 1 with a part of the first radiation chamber 31, the second radiation chamber 32 and the contact heat transfer chamber 33, and a part of the contact heat transfer chamber 33 with FIG. The superheater 3 shown in FIG.

  Each of the first radiation chamber 31 and the second radiation chamber 32 has a radiation heat transfer surface that receives radiant heat from the exhaust gas and generates steam.

  Although not shown, the superheater 3 provided in the contact heat transfer chamber 33 includes a heat transfer tube group in which a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal direction are provided in multiple stages in the height direction. It constitutes a convection heat transfer surface, generates steam by heat exchange with exhaust gas, and further superheats it to form superheated steam.

  The economizer 4 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the upper part of the contact heat transfer chamber 33 on the downstream side of the boiler 30. A heat transfer tube (not shown) is disposed in the economizer 4, water is heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and heated water is generated and supplied to the boiler 30. The economizer 4 has an exhaust part 4a connected to the temperature reducing tower 5 of FIG.

  Next, part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas used to raise the temperature of the superheated steam in the heat exchanger 15 is the next position A1 to A3 in FIG. Supplied to position B for vessel 3 and to position C for economizer 4. The position A1 is the furnace side wall and ceiling of the combustion chamber 21, the lower side of each grate 26a to 26c, and the downstream end wall of the furnace. Ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the combustion chamber 21 from at least one of these positions. The The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied from the furnace side wall toward the center of the combustion chamber 21, from the ceiling downward, from the grate upward, and from the furnace downstream end wall toward the upstream side. The position A2 is located in the gas mixing chamber 23, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas promotes the mixing of the unburned gas flow P flowing from the combustion chamber 21 and the combustion gas flow Q, and the unburned gas. And the secondary combustion air received in the gas mixing chamber 23 are supplied so as to promote stirring and mixing. Further, the position A3 is located in the secondary combustion chamber 29, and is supplied so as to promote stirring and mixing of the unburned gas flowing from the gas mixing chamber 23 and the secondary combustion air. The position where the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 29 is preferably set to a position where the incinerator exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 21 can stay in a temperature atmosphere of 850 ° C. or higher for a period of 2 seconds or longer. . Thereby, dioxins are decomposed and dioxins are prevented from being discharged.

  Next, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the contact heat transfer chamber 33 of the boiler 30, that is, the superheater 3, at a position B that becomes the inlet of the superheater 3 (lower part of the contact heat transfer chamber 33 in FIG. 2). .

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to a position C that becomes an inlet of the economizer 4 (upper part of the economizer 4 in FIG. 2).

  Furthermore, as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is also supplied to the position D serving as the inlet of the denitration device 7.

  In the present embodiment configured as described above, when a waste containing combustible material is introduced into the incinerator 1 from the waste inlet 22, the grate (dry grate 26a, combustion grate 26b, post-combustion grate) On the grid 26c), combustion air is received from below the grate 26a, 26b and 26c and burned, and combustible unburned gas and primary combustion exhaust gas are generated by combustion of combustible materials. The residue is discharged from the incineration ash outlet 24 as incineration ash.

  The combustion chamber 21 is supplied with ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas from the position A1, that is, the furnace side wall and ceiling of the combustion chamber 21 and the lower side of each grate 26a to 26c, and this ammonia gas supplied to the combustion chamber 21 The turbine exhaust gas suppresses an excessively high flame temperature in the combustion chamber 21 and sufficiently stirs and mixes the combustible unburned gas and the combustion air in the combustion chamber 21, so that combustion is promoted and It stabilizes, reduces CO generation, and reduces the generation of thermal NOx by suppressing the generation of local high temperature fields. Further, residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx generated in the combustion chamber to denitrate and reduce NOx emissions.

  The unburned gas flows around the front end 25a of the intermediate ceiling 25 and flows into the gap 27 as a flow P, while the combustion gas flows around the rear end 25b of the intermediate ceiling and flows into the gap 28 as a flow Q. To do. The flow P and the flow Q are opposed to each other at the gaps 27 and 28 and collide and mix in the gas mixing chamber 23. The gas mixing chamber 23 is supplied with ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas at the position A 2, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas supplied to the gas mixing chamber 23 is received by the gas mixing chamber 23 with the unburned gas from the combustion chamber 21. Since stirring and mixing with the secondary combustion air is promoted to promote and stabilize the secondary combustion, the generation of CO is reduced, and the generation of thermal NOx is reduced by suppressing the generation of a local high temperature field. Further, residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx to denitrate, thereby reducing NOx emissions.

  The unburned gas and secondary combustion air mixed in the gas mixing chamber 23 undergo secondary combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 29. At that time, in the secondary combustion chamber 29, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied from the selected position A3, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied from the position A3. As a result, the unburned gas and the secondary combustion are supplied. Since stirring and mixing with air is promoted, secondary combustion of unburned gas is promoted and stabilized, CO emission is reduced, and generation of thermal NOx is reduced by suppressing generation of a local high temperature field. Further, the incinerator exhaust gas from the combustion chamber 21 can be retained in the secondary combustion chamber at a temperature atmosphere of 850 ° C. or higher for a time of 2 seconds or more, and the dioxins are decomposed to prevent discharge of the dioxins. Further, residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx and denitrates to reduce NOx emissions.

  The incinerator exhaust gas after the secondary combustion in the secondary combustion chamber 29 is guided to the boiler 30 to generate steam in the evaporator 2 of the first radiation chamber 31 and the second radiation chamber 32, and then contact heat transfer. The steam is converted into superheated steam by the superheater 3 in the chamber 33.

  Since the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the inlet position B of the superheater 3 and the incinerator exhaust gas is diluted with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas, the incinerator exhaust gas temperature causes corrosion of the boiler heat transfer tube. It is possible to suppress the corrosion of the boiler by suppressing the temperature to be higher than the heating temperature and reducing the concentration of the corrosive gas (HCl).

  After the temperature of the superheater 3 is increased so that the steam is superheated steam, the incinerator exhaust gas is guided to the economizer 4. Since the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is also supplied to the economizer 4 at the inlet position C, when the condensate from the condenser 16 is heated by the economizer 4 by the retained heat of the incinerator exhaust gas to be heated water In addition, since the retained heat of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is also used for heating the warming water, the temperature of the warming water is increased accordingly, and the retained heat energy of the superheated steam from the boiler is increased.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the incinerator exhaust gas supplied to the condensate as heated water by the economizer 4 is guided to a denitration device 7, where NOx in the incinerator exhaust gas is decomposed and the incinerator is exhausted. The exhaust gas is regarded as a detoxification treatment exhaust gas. An ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to the inlet position D of the denitration device 7, and the incinerator exhaust gas is reheated using the retained heat of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas. Therefore, the reheating device conventionally required for reheating the incinerator exhaust gas for denitration becomes unnecessary, or reheating can be reduced. Furthermore, since the residual ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas reduces NOx, it is not necessary to supply ammonia from the outside for the reduction of NOx, or the supply amount of ammonia can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, as described above, the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is guided to the heat exchanger 15, the temperature of the superheated steam from the superheater 3 is further increased, and the steam turbine 12 is driven. To do.

In this way, when the waste is burned in the incinerator 1, steam is obtained in the evaporator 2, and this is superheated when the steam turbine 12 is driven as superheated steam by the superheater 3 to generate power with the generator. Since the temperature of the steam is increased by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas from the ammonia gas turbine 14 in the heat exchanger 15, the power generation capacity of the generator 13 by the steam turbine 12 can be increased, Since ammonia does not emit CO ₂ during combustion, the situation where CO ₂ is emitted for the purpose of raising the temperature of the superheated steam is eliminated. Furthermore, since the ammonia gas turbine 14 also generates power, the power generation capacity of the entire apparatus is further increased.

  In the present embodiment, a waste incinerator is used as an example of a combustor that burns combustibles. However, the combustor is not limited to this, and other types of devices such as a biomass combustion furnace, a sewage sludge incinerator, and coal-fired power A power generation device, a petroleum thermal power generation device, a natural gas thermal power generation device may be used, and a combustible material can be used as a corresponding fuel.

1 Combustion device (incinerator)
2 Evaporator 3 Superheater 4 Economizer 5 Temperature reducing tower 6 Dust collector 7 Denitration device 9 Gas discharge part (chimney)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Exhaust gas flow path 12 Steam turbine 13 Generator 14 Ammonia gas turbine 15 Heat exchanger

Claims (16)

Combustion device that burns combustible material, evaporator that generates steam by heat of exhaust gas generated by the combustion device, superheater that superheats steam from the evaporator, and steam turbine that is driven by superheated steam from the superheater And a power generator having a generator connected to the steam turbine to generate power,
A superheater and a steam turbine are connected via a heat exchanger, and an ammonia gas turbine is connected to the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is used for the heat exchange. An electric power generator characterized in that the superheated steam is heated to a temperature by exchanging with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas.   An exhaust gas flow path is provided toward the exhaust gas discharge part that discharges the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere. The exhaust gas flow path is provided with a denitration device between the superheater and the exhaust gas discharge part, and is discharged from the heat exchanger. 2. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas is supplied to an inlet of the denitration device.   The combustion device is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied with the reducing agent of the combustion device. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein the power generator is supplied upstream from the position.   An exhaust gas flow path is provided toward an exhaust gas discharge part that discharges exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere. The exhaust gas flow path is provided with a denitration device between the superheater and the exhaust gas discharge part. There is provided a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing the inside of the combustion apparatus, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied to the inlet of the denitration apparatus and the reducing agent of the combustion apparatus. The power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the power generation device is supplied to an upstream side of a certain position. An incinerator that burns waste containing combustibles, an evaporator that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the incinerator, a superheater that superheats steam from the evaporator, and superheated steam from the superheater In a power generator having a driven steam turbine and a generator that is connected to the steam turbine and generates power,
A superheater and a steam turbine are connected via a heat exchanger, and an ammonia gas turbine is connected to the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is used for the heat exchange. An electric power generator characterized in that the superheated steam is heated to a temperature by exchanging with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas.   An exhaust gas flow path is provided toward the chimney that releases the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and the exhaust gas flow path is sequentially provided with an economizer, a temperature reducing tower, a dust collector, and a denitration device between the superheater and the chimney. Part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is supplied to at least one of the incinerator, the superheater inlet, the economizer inlet, and the denitration equipment inlet. The power generator according to claim 5.   An exhaust gas flow path is provided toward the chimney that releases the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere. The exhaust gas flow path is sequentially provided with an economizer and a dust collector between the superheater and the chimney, and the incinerator reduces NOx. A reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying the reducing agent to be supplied into the incinerator, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is upstream from the position where the reducing agent of the incinerator is supplied, The power generator according to claim 5, wherein the power generator is supplied to at least one of an inlet of the superheater and an inlet of the economizer.   An exhaust gas flow path is provided toward the chimney that releases the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere. In the exhaust gas flow path, an economizer, a dust collector, and a denitration device are sequentially provided between the superheater and the chimney. A reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the incinerator is provided, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is upstream from the position where the reducing agent of the incinerator is supplied. The power generator according to claim 5, wherein the power generator is supplied to at least one of a side, an inlet of the superheater, an inlet of the economizer, and an inlet of the denitration device. Combustible materials are combusted in a combustion device, steam is generated in the evaporator by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the combustion device, the steam from the evaporator is superheated by the superheater, and the steam turbine is driven by the superheated steam from the superheater. In the power generation method of generating power with a generator connected to the steam turbine,
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is guided to the heat exchanger connecting the superheater and the steam turbine, and the temperature of the superheated steam is increased by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas. A power generation method characterized by:   Ammonia gas discharged from the heat exchanger by providing an exhaust gas flow path toward the exhaust gas discharge part that discharges the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and providing a denitration device between the superheater of the exhaust gas flow path and the exhaust gas discharge part The power generation method according to claim 9, wherein a part of the turbine exhaust gas is supplied to an inlet of the denitration device.   A reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a reducing agent for reducing NOx into the combustion device is provided in the combustion device, and a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is removed from a position where the reducing agent of the combustion device is supplied The power generation method according to claim 9, wherein the power generation method is supplied to the upstream side.   A reducing agent that provides an exhaust gas flow channel toward an exhaust gas discharge part that discharges exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, provides a denitration device between the superheater of the exhaust gas flow channel and the exhaust gas discharge part, and reduces NOx in the combustion device Is provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger to the upstream side of the inlet of the denitration device and the position where the reducing agent of the combustion device is supplied. The power generation method according to claim 9 to be supplied. Combustible waste is combusted in an incinerator, steam is generated in the evaporator by the heat of exhaust gas generated in the incinerator, the steam from the evaporator is superheated by the superheater, and the superheated steam from the superheater is used. In a power generation method of driving a steam turbine and generating power with a generator connected to the steam turbine,
The ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas generated by burning ammonia in the ammonia gas turbine is guided to the heat exchanger connecting the superheater and the steam turbine, and the temperature of the superheated steam is increased by heat exchange with the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas. A power generation method characterized by:   An exhaust gas flow path is provided for the chimney that releases the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and an economizer, a temperature reducing tower, a dust collector, and a denitration device are sequentially installed between the superheater and the chimney in the exhaust gas flow path. The power generation method according to claim 13, wherein a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the ammonia gas turbine is supplied to at least one of the incinerator, the inlet of the superheater, the inlet of the economizer, and the inlet of the denitration apparatus.   An exhaust gas flow path is provided for the chimney that releases the exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and an economizer and a dust collector are sequentially installed between the superheater and the chimney in the exhaust gas flow path, and the incinerator is incinerated with a reducing agent that reduces NOx. Provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying into the furnace, a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is upstream from the position where the reducing agent is supplied to the incinerator, the inlet of the superheater and the above The power generation method according to claim 13, wherein the power is supplied to at least one location of an entrance of the economizer.   Reduction that reduces NOx in an incinerator by providing an exhaust gas flow path toward the chimney that releases exhaust gas from the superheater to the atmosphere, and sequentially installing an economizer, dust collector, and denitration device between the superheater and the chimney in the exhaust gas flow path Provided with a reducing agent supply mechanism for supplying the agent into the incinerator, a part of the ammonia gas turbine exhaust gas discharged from the heat exchanger is disposed upstream from the position where the reducing agent is supplied to the incinerator, The power generation method according to claim 13, wherein the power is supplied to at least one of an inlet, an inlet of the economizer, and an inlet of the denitration apparatus.

Images