JP2018166468A - Block for water purification and manufacturing method for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a block for water purification in which: water purification of raising water such as a farm of seafood is expected to perform for a long time by reducing concentration of water soluble phosphorus compound and ammonium ion etc., derived from residue of feed, excrement of the seafood and the like; the block can be installed, when submerged in water, in a stable and upright state; and resistivity against movement by stream current (for example, outflow from the farm of the aquatic organism) is given.SOLUTION: A block 1 for water purification comprises a block body 2 capable of purifying water quality. The block body 2 includes a through hole 3. The block 1 for water purification is given in which a cross section of one end of the through hole 3 is larger than that of the other end thereof.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a water purification block and a method for producing the same.

Conventionally, a block that is placed in water such as a lake to purify water quality is known.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a concrete block having cavities, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse aggregate to the total aggregate is 30 to 70%, thereby forming a porous concrete block. The block for is described.
According to Patent Document 1, according to this water purification block, the hollow concrete block is made porous by setting the ratio of coarse aggregate to total aggregate to 30 to 70%. It is described that it is suitable for purification, and also has a penetrating cavity, so that it is also suitable for inhabiting fish and aquatic small animals.

Patent Document 2 is composed of porous particles containing calcium silicate hydrate as a main component, the aluminum content is 10% by mass or less in terms of oxide, and the titanium content is 1 in terms of oxide. The water purification material characterized by being 0.0 mass% or less is described.
According to Patent Document 2, according to this water purification material, the concentration of water-soluble phosphorus compounds, ammonium ions, and the like derived from food residues, seafood excrement, and the like increased in the rearing water of the seafood farm. Sometimes aluminum and titanium are eluted from the water purification material and do not harm fish and shellfish, reducing the concentrations of water-soluble phosphorus compounds and ammonium ions in a short period of time, and improving the quality of the breeding water It is described that it can be purified.

JP-A-8-41848 International Publication No. 2015/008398

  The purpose of the present invention is to purify the quality of the breeding water by reducing the concentration of water-soluble phosphorus compounds, ammonium ions, etc. derived from food residues and fish excrement etc. Can be expected over a long period of time, and can be installed in a stable and upright position when submerged in water, and further resists movement due to water flow (eg, outflow from aquaculture) It is providing the block for water quality purification which has property.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor is a water purification block having a block main body capable of purifying the water quality, the block main body having a through hole, and According to the water purification block in which the through hole is formed so that the cross-sectional area at the other end is larger than the cross-sectional area at one end, the above object can be achieved and the present invention is completed. did.

The present invention provides the following [1] to [5].
[1] A water purification block having a block main body capable of purifying water, wherein the block main body has a through-hole, and the through-hole has a cross-sectional area at one end and the other end. The water purification block is characterized in that it is formed so that the cross-sectional area thereof is larger.
[2] The water quality according to [1], wherein the block main body includes an upper main body portion and a lower main body portion, and the upper main body portion has a lower bulk density than the lower main body portion. Purification block.
[3] The water purification block according to [1] or [2], wherein the block main body is a cured body of a hydraulic material including a calcium silicate-containing material, cement, and water.
[4] A method for producing the water purification block according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the material constituting the block main body is contained in a mold. And a vibration step of applying vibration to the material housed in the mold to form the block body, and a method for producing a water purification block.
[5] A water purification method using the water purification block according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the water purification block is placed in the water to be purified. A method for purifying water quality, comprising a block installation step of submerging in a block.

  Since the water purification block of the present invention has a through hole formed so that the cross-sectional area at the other end is larger than the cross-sectional area at one end, (i) the surface area of the water purification block is increased, The survival of microorganisms (for example, diatoms) is improved. Therefore, due to the action of these microorganisms, water-soluble phosphorus compounds, ammonium ions, etc. derived from food residues and seafood excrement in seafood farms, etc. Degradation is promoted, and as a result, purification of breeding water quality by reducing the concentration of these water-soluble phosphorus compounds and the like can be expected over a long period of time. (Ii) When submerged in water, It can be installed in an upright state. (Iii) Even after installation in water, there is an advantage that movement by a water flow (for example, outflow from a farm) hardly occurs.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of the block for water quality purification of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which cut | disconnected the block for water quality | purification shown in FIG. 1 by the vertical plane which passes along the center point of an upper end surface. It is a bottom view which shows the said lower end surface in the case of making a groove | channel formed in the lower end surface of the block for water quality purification shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of sectional drawing shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the various modifications of the upper end surface of the block for water quality purification shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the water purification block of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The block 1 for water quality of this invention has the block main body 2 which can purify | clean water quality as shown in FIGS. 1-2.
When the water purification block 1 of the present invention has a block main body 2 and is formed in a block shape, the water purification member is formed in a granular form (in this case, the water purification member is a water flow). The amount of the water purification member per unit area in the water in the purification target region is relatively small compared to the location where the water purification member is densely present and the place where the water purification member is present sparsely. Water purification can be performed in a more uniform manner, and management from installation to withdrawal can be performed more easily.
The water purification block 1 of the present invention can include other members in addition to the block body 2. As an example of the other member, a metal ring for attaching to the lower end portion of the outer peripheral surface 4 of the block main body 2 to enhance the stability of the block main body 2 can be cited. However, instead of this metal ring (a bowl-shaped member), such a bowl-shaped part may be formed as a part of the block body 2 at the lower end part of the block body 2.

The block main body 2 has a through hole 3 extending from the upper end (upper end surface 5) to the lower end (lower end surface 6).
The through-hole 3 has a circular horizontal cross section, and is formed so that the cross-sectional area gradually increases from the upper end surface 5 toward the lower end surface 6.
By forming the through-holes in such a shape, the area of the inner peripheral surface formed by the through-holes increases, so that a component that serves as a nutrient source for diatoms (for example, the block body is a lightweight cellular concrete described later) Can be supplied to water in a larger amount, and as a result, the growth of diatoms promotes the water purification effect of diatoms. Can be increased. Further, clogging due to accumulation of SS (floating matter and suspended matter) in the through hole 3 can be made difficult to occur. Moreover, since the gravity center of the water inside a through-hole becomes low, stability of the block for water quality purification | cleaning of this invention can be improved by presence of this water.
In the present invention, the ratio of the cross-sectional area at the upper end of the through-hole 3 to the cross-sectional area at the lower end of the through-hole 3 (the cross-sectional area at the upper end of the through-hole 3 / the cross-sectional area at the lower end of the through-hole 3) From the viewpoint of increasing, it is preferably 0.2 to 0.7, more preferably 0.3 to 0.6, and particularly preferably 0.4 to 0.5.

The block body 2 includes an upper body portion 2a and a lower body portion 2b.
In the present specification, the “upper main body portion” refers to a portion having a bulk density equal to or lower than the average value of the bulk density of the block main body 2. Further, the “lower main body portion” refers to a portion having a bulk density exceeding the average value of the bulk density of the block main body 2.
The upper main body portion 2a and the lower main body portion 2b are (a) as a forming method using the same material, a vibration is applied to the kneaded material before curing in the mold to cause the paste to flow down. (B) As a forming method using different materials, a material for forming the lower body portion 2b is supplied into the mold, and then the lower body is obtained. A method of supplying a material for forming the upper body portion 2a on the molded body made of the portion 2b, and as a result, obtaining a molded body that is a laminate of the upper body portion 2a and the lower body portion 2b, etc. Can be formed.

The ratio of the bulk density between the upper main body portion 2a and the lower main body portion 2b (the bulk density of the upper main body portion 2a / the bulk density of the lower main body portion 2b) is such that the effect of the present invention (for example, the effect of purification of water quality is further increased). From the standpoint of increasing the stability and upright state, movement due to water flow is less likely to occur, and chipping is less likely to occur due to the large bulk density of the lower body portion 2b). Preferably it is 0.67-0.96, More preferably, it is 0.75-0.95, More preferably, it is 0.80-0.94, Most preferably, it is 0.90-0.92.
The bulk density of the upper main body portion 2a is preferably 0.88 to 0.94 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.88 to 0.93 g / cm ³ , and particularly preferably 0.8 from the viewpoint of enhancing the effect of the present invention. 88 to 0.92 g / cm ³ .
The bulk density of the lower main body portion 2b is preferably 0.97 to 1.30 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.98 to 1.20 g / cm ³ , and particularly preferably 0.8 from the viewpoint of enhancing the effect of the present invention. 99 to 1.10 g / cm ³ .

The block main body 2 can be formed as a hardened body of a hydraulic material including, for example, a calcium silicate-containing material, cement, and water.
The calcium silicate-containing material is a compound containing silicic acid and calcium. Specifically, it contains at least one selected from the group consisting of tobermorite, zonotrite, CSH gel, foshygite, gyrolite, hireblandite, and wollastonite.
Tobermorite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate, Ca ₅ · (Si ₆ O ₁₈ H ₂ ) · 4H ₂ O (plate-like form), Ca ₅ · (Si ₆ O ₁₈ H ₂ ) ( It has a chemical composition such as a plate-like form), Ca _5. (Si ₆ O ₁₈ H ₂ ) · 8H ₂ O (fibrous form).
Zonotolite is a crystalline calcium silicate hydrate and has a chemical composition such as Ca ₆ · (Si ₆ O ₁₇ ) · (OH) ₂ (fibrous form).
The CSH gel, those having a chemical composition of _{αCaO · βSiO 2 · γH 2 O} ( provided that, alpha / beta = 0.7 to 2.3, a γ / β = 1.2~2.7.) is there. Specific examples include calcium silicate hydrate having a chemical composition of 3CaO.2SiO ₂ .3H ₂ O.
The foshygite has a chemical composition such as Ca ₄ (SiO ₃ ) ₃ (OH) ₂ .
The gyro _light, those having a _{(NaCa 2) Ca 14 (Si} 23 Al) O 60 (OH) 8 · 14H 2 O The chemical composition of such.
Hilleblandite has a chemical composition such as Ca ₂ SiO ₃ (OH) ₂ .
Wollastonite has a chemical composition such as CaO.SiO ₂ (fibrous or columnar form).

Further, as a calcium silicate-containing material, a building material containing calcium silicate (particularly, scraps and waste materials) such as lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) mainly composed of tobermorite and a moisturizing material containing zonotolite may be used. Good.
Especially, it is preferable to use the lightweight cellular concrete (ALC) which has tobermorite as a main component from a viewpoint of availability and economical efficiency. Further, from the viewpoint of promoting the use of waste, it is more preferable to use an end material of lightweight cellular concrete generated at a lightweight cellular concrete manufacturing process or construction site.

Here, the lightweight aerated concrete (ALC) is made of tobermorite and unreacted silica and has a porosity of about 80% by volume. Here, the porosity means the ratio of the total volume of the voids in the total volume of the concrete.
The proportion of tobermorite in the lightweight cellular concrete is 65 to 80% by volume, with the entire solid phase excluding voids inside the lightweight cellular concrete being 100% by volume.
The lightweight cellular concrete can be obtained, for example, by autoclaving a raw material (for example, a hardened body made of a mixture thereof) containing quartzite powder, cement, quicklime powder, foaming agent (for example, aluminum powder), water and the like. .

  The calcium silicate-containing material is preferably porous. When the calcium silicate-containing material is porous, when the material is immersed in water, the air present in the porous portion of the material is entrained in the water, thereby reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. Can be prevented.

The calcium silicate-containing material used in the present invention is preferably a granular material.
In the present specification, “particulate matter” means one having a particle size of 0.1 mm or more.
Here, the “particle size” is a value corresponding to the opening size of the sieve.
The particle size of the calcium silicate-containing material is preferably 6 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and particularly preferably 4 mm or less from the viewpoint of increasing the elution amount of calcium and silicon contained in the material.
The particle size distribution of the calcium silicate-containing material has a particle size of 1.2 to 4 mm from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the ratio of the bulk density of the upper body portion 2a and the lower body portion 2b within the above-mentioned preferable numerical range. , Preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, particularly preferably 40% by mass or more.

The cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, various types such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-early strength Portland cement, moderately hot Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, low heat Portland cement and the like. Portland cement, various mixed cements such as blast furnace cement, silica cement, fly ash cement and the like can be used.
In this invention, the quantity of a calcium-silicate containing material becomes like this. Preferably it is 330-480 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of cement, More preferably, it is 350-450 mass parts, Most preferably, it is 370-430 mass parts. When the amount is 330 parts by mass or more, the supply amount of calcium and silicon into water is further increased. When the amount is 480 parts by mass or less, the strength of the water purification block of the present invention (for example, there is no corner chipping and the bending strength is large) is further increased.
The amount of water is preferably 110 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 120 to 140 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 125 to 135 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. When the amount is 110 parts by mass or more, the workability of the kneaded material as the material for the water purification block of the present invention is further improved. When the amount is 150 parts by mass or less, the strength of the water purification block of the present invention (for example, there is no corner chipping and the bending strength is large) is further increased.

Instead of the through hole 3 shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, for example, a through hole 13 shown in FIG. 4 or the like may be employed.
In FIG. 4, the water purification block 11 is a block configured in the same manner as the water purification block 1 of FIGS. 1 to 2 except that it has a through hole 13 instead of the through hole 3. A block main body 12 (upper main body portion 12a and lower main body portion 12b) having an outer shape having an upper end surface 15, a lower end surface 16, and a through hole 13 is formed.
The through-hole 13 is formed so that the equal-diameter portion 13a formed in a columnar shape and the horizontal cross section are circular and the cross-sectional area gradually increases from the upper end surface 15 side toward the lower end surface 16. It consists of an enlarged diameter part 13b.

As shown in FIG. 5, the upper end surface of the water purification block has a circular outer peripheral shape (the upper end of the outer peripheral surface 4) as shown in FIGS. In addition to the shape of the upper end surface 5 having () ((a) in FIG. 5), various shapes can be provided.
In FIG. 5, (b) is an example of the upper end surface having a circular outer peripheral shape (upper end of the outer peripheral surface) and a square opening portion (through hole). In this case, the through hole is formed in a prismatic shape.
In FIG. 5, (c) is an example of an upper end surface having a square outer shape (upper end of the outer peripheral surface) and a circular opening (through hole). In this case, the block main body is formed in a prismatic shape.
In FIG. 5, (d) is an example of an upper end surface whose outer periphery shape (upper end of the outer peripheral surface) is a regular hexagon and has a circular opening (through hole).
In FIG. 5, (e) is an example of an upper end surface having a circular outer peripheral shape (upper end of the outer peripheral surface) and a regular hexagonal opening (through hole).

In the present invention, a groove for allowing the water around the water purification block to communicate with the water in the through hole can be formed on the lower end surface of the block main body.
FIG. 3 shows an example in which the lower end surface 6 of the block body 2 shown in FIGS. 1 to 2 has a groove. The groove 7 is formed so as to extend from the through hole 3 to the outer peripheral surface 4. By forming the groove in this way, clogging due to the accumulation of SS (floating matter and suspended matter) in the through hole 3 can be prevented.
The number of grooves is two in FIG. 3, but other numbers (for example, one or three or more) may be used.

Although the dimension of the block for water quality purification of this invention is not specifically limited, For example, it can determine as follows.
The length of the outer peripheral surface of the block body (for example, the distance between the upper end and the lower end of the outer peripheral surface 4 in FIG. 1) is 50 to 200 mm.
The maximum dimensions of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the block body (for example, the diameter of the upper end surface 5 in FIG. 1 and the length of the diagonal line in the square of (c) in FIG. 5) are 50 to 200 mm.
The size of the through hole of the block body (for example, the diameter of the through hole 3 in FIG. 1 and the length of the diagonal line in the square of (b) in FIG. 5) is 10 to 80 mm.
The difference in diameter between the upper end and the lower end of the through hole of the block body is 5 to 30 mm (preferably 8 to 15 mm) as a value obtained by subtracting the upper end diameter from the lower end diameter.
When the lower end surface of the block body has a groove, the width of the groove (the dimension in the short direction of the groove 7 in FIG. 3) is 5 to 20 mm, and the depth of the groove (the lower end surface 6 in FIG. 3). To the upper end surface 5 (not shown) has a depth of 4 to 15 mm.

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Example 1]
(1) Materials used Materials used are as shown below.
(A) Calcium silicate-containing material: Waste lightweight lightweight concrete (ALC) waste material (particle size of 0.01 mm or more and less than 1.20 mm is 40% by mass or more, and particle size is 1.20 mm or more, 4.00 mm) The following is 40% by mass or more)
(B) Cement: Blast furnace cement type B (c) Water (2) Production method 100 parts by mass of cement, 400 parts by mass of calcium silicate-containing material, and 130 parts by mass of water were kneaded to obtain a kneaded product. After the kneaded material was accommodated in the mold, vibration was applied to the mold (and the kneaded material accommodated therein) for 2 minutes. Next, the molded product of the kneaded product was removed from the mold, and then the molded product of the kneaded product was cured with steam at 60 ° C. to obtain a water purification block that was a cured product of the kneaded product.
The water purification block is as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3. The outer peripheral surface 4 has a length of 80 mm, the upper end surface 5 and the lower end surface 6 have a diameter of 80 mm, the through-hole 3 has an upper end with a diameter of 20 mm and a lower end. 30 mm, and the groove 7 on the lower end surface 6 was 8 mm wide and 6 mm deep.

(3) Evaluation of water purification block (a) Bulk density The water purification block has a thickness of 4.05 mm including the upper end surface 5 (hereinafter referred to as the upper end portion) and a thickness including the lower end surface 6. 4.25mm portion was measured each bulk density (hereinafter, referred to as the lower end portion.), the bulk density of the upper end portion is 0.91 g / cm ^3, the bulk density of the bottom portion is 1.00 g / cm ³ there were.

(B) Elution amount of useful components (Si and Ca) Elution of water purification block according to “JIS K 0058-1: 2005 Slag chemical test method-Part 1: Elution amount test method” A test was conducted to measure the elution amounts of Si and Ca.
Specifically, the measurement was performed according to the following procedure. First, the above-mentioned upper end portion (portion having a thickness of 4.05 mm including the upper end surface) cut out from the water purification block was immersed in ion-exchanged water having a mass 10 times that of the upper end portion. Next, ion-exchanged water including the upper end portion was stirred at 200 rpm for 6 hours using a stirrer having three blades. Thereafter, the elution amounts of Si and Ca eluted from the upper end portion into the ion exchange water were measured using an ICP emission analyzer.
For the lower end portion (portion having a thickness of 4.25 mm including the lower end surface), the elution amounts of Si and Ca were measured in the same manner.
As a result, regarding the upper end portion (portion having a thickness of 4.05 mm including the upper end surface), the elution amount of Si was 31.2 mg / liter, and the elution amount of Ca was 39.5 mg / liter.
With respect to the lower end portion (portion having a thickness of 4.25 mm including the lower end surface), the elution amount of Si was 29.9 mg / liter, and the elution amount of Ca was 30.9 mg / liter.
From these measured values, it can be seen that the elution amounts of Si and Ca are larger in the upper end portion than in the lower end portion.

(C) Proportion of water purification block standing upright when submerged in water Ten water purification blocks described above were prepared, and each of them was examined three times to determine whether it would stand up when submerged in water.
Specifically, the water purification block is dropped from a point slightly above the surface of the water into a tank that is open at a depth of 1 m above the water surface, and is submerged in water. It was. The water purification block was dropped into the water in such a direction that the upper main body portion 2a was up and the lower main body portion 2b was down (posture extending in the vertical direction).
As a result, out of 30 times (10 × 3 times), the number of uprights after grounding was 21 times. This number (21 times) is 70% in the ratio of all 30 times.

1,11 Water purification block 2,12 Block body 3,13 Through hole 4,14 Outer peripheral surface 5,15 Upper end surface 6,16 Lower end surface 7 Groove 23, 33, 43, 53 Through hole 25, 35, 45, 55 Upper end surface 2a Upper body portion 2b Lower body portion 13a Equal diameter portion 13b Expanded diameter portion

Claims (5)

A water purification block having a block body capable of purifying water quality,
The block body has a through hole,
The water purification block, wherein the through hole is formed so that a cross-sectional area at the other end is larger than a cross-sectional area at one end. The block body consists of an upper body part and a lower body part,
The water purification block according to claim 1, wherein the upper main body portion has a lower bulk density than the lower main body portion.   The water purification block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the block main body is a hardened body of a hydraulic material containing calcium silicate-containing material, cement, and water. A method for producing the water purification block according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A material housing step of housing the material constituting the block body in a mold, and
A vibration process for forming the block body by applying vibration to the material contained in the mold,
A method for producing a water purification block, comprising: A water quality purification method using the water quality purification block according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A block installation process in which the block for water purification is submerged in the water to be purified;
Water purification method characterized by including.

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