JP2017509779A - 共役ポリマー - Google Patents
共役ポリマー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017509779A JP2017509779A JP2016570169A JP2016570169A JP2017509779A JP 2017509779 A JP2017509779 A JP 2017509779A JP 2016570169 A JP2016570169 A JP 2016570169A JP 2016570169 A JP2016570169 A JP 2016570169A JP 2017509779 A JP2017509779 A JP 2017509779A
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- diyl
- polymer
- groups
- organic
- Prior art date
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- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 239
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 Benzo [lmn] [3,8] phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone-4,9-diyl units Chemical group 0.000 claims description 238
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical group C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005603 alternating copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PDQRQJVPEFGVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NSN=C21 PDQRQJVPEFGVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003229 2-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000018 DNA microarray Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DQZRQIOYWRRDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dithiophen-2-ylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-3,6-dione Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C1=NC(=O)C2=C1C(=O)N=C2C1=CC=CS1 DQZRQIOYWRRDMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 46
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 168
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 150
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 139
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 127
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 94
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 90
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 59
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 48
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 46
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 45
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 42
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 38
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 29
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 18
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 12
- RZOTVHJYCPTNCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-propanoyloxyhexyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)CC RZOTVHJYCPTNCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000005801 aryl-aryl coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- JRTIUDXYIUKIIE-KZUMESAESA-N (1z,5z)-cycloocta-1,5-diene;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1.C\1C\C=C/CC\C=C/1 JRTIUDXYIUKIIE-KZUMESAESA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
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- BUADUHVXMFJVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-chloro-3-imidazol-1-yl-2H-1,2,4-benzotriazin-1-ium 1-oxide Chemical compound N1[N+](=O)C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N=C1N1C=CN=C1 BUADUHVXMFJVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyldiimidazole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C=CN=C1 PFKFTWBEEFSNDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
- C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
- C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
- C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
- C07D285/10—1,2,5-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,5-thiadiazoles
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Abstract
Description
Arは、1以上の位置で付加的に置換されていてもよい、単環式もしくは多環式の、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールであり、
Sp1は、単結合、または直鎖状、分枝状および/または環状の、1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキレンであり、これは、非置換であるか、またはF、Cl、Br、IもしくはCNでモノ−もしくは多置換されており、且つその中で1つ以上の非隣接のCH2基が各々独立に、−O−、−S−、−C(O)−、−C(S)−、−C(O)−O−、−O−C(O)−、−NR0−、−SiR0R00−、−CF2−、−CHR0=CR00−、−CY1=CY2−もしくは−C≡C−で、酸素および/または硫黄原子が互いに直接結合しないように置き換えられていてもよい、
X1 は、NR0またはO、好ましくはOであり、
ここで、Sp1−X1−C(O)−OR1基がAr基中の窒素原子に結合している場合、Sp1−X1基は単結合であってもよく、
R1は、1〜40個の炭素原子を有するヒドロカルビル基であり、
Y1およびY2は、各々独立に、H、F、ClまたはCNであり、
R0およびR00は、各々独立に、Hまたは1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、
但し、式Iで表される繰り返し単位であって、その中でArが−NH−C(O)−OR1でモノ−もしくは多置換されたフェニレンであり、且つポリマー骨格において、必要に応じて置換されたベンゾ[lmn][3,8]フェナントロリン−1,3,6,8−テトラオン−4,9−ジイル単位に直接隣接するもの、および式Iで表される繰り返し単位であって、その中でArがピロロ[3,4−c]−ピロール−1,4−ジオン−3,6−ジイル(その中で両窒素原子は−C(O)−OR1で置換されている)であるものを除く。)
Uは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、式Iまたはその下位式I1〜I14で表される単位であり、
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3は、各々独立に、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、好ましくは5〜30個の環原子を有し、且つ必要に応じて(好ましくは1つ以上のRS基で)置換された、Uとは異なる、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールであり、
RSは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、F、Br、Cl、−CN、−NC、−NCO、−NCS、−OCN、−SCN、−C(O)NR0R00、−C(O)X0、−C(O)R0、−NH2、−NR0R00、−SH、−SR0、−SO3H、−SO2R0、−OH、−NO2、−CF3、−SF5、必要に応じて置換されているシリル基、または1〜40個の炭素原子を有し、必要に応じて置換されており、且つ必要に応じて1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含有するヒドロカルビルであり、
R0およびR00は、式Iで定義された通りであり、
X0は、ハロゲン、好ましくはF、ClまたはBrであり、
a、bおよびcは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立に、0、1または2であり、
dは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、0または1〜10の整数であり、
ここで、本発明のポリマーは、式IIaまたはIIb(式中、bは少なくとも1である)で表される繰り返し単位を少なくとも1つ含む。)
A、B、Cは、各々独立に、式I、I1〜I9、IIa、IIb、IIIaまたはIIIbで表される異なる単位であり、
Xは、>0且つ≦1であり、
Yは、≧0且つ<1であり、
Zは、≧0且つ<1であり、
x + y + zは、1であり、そして
nは、>1の整数である。)
−繰り返し単位、Uまたは(Ar1−U)または(Ar1−U−Ar2)または(Ar1−U−Ar3)または(U−Ar2−Ar3)または(Ar1−U−Ar2−Ar3)からなる、すなわち、繰り返し単位のすべてが同一である、ホモポリマーからなる群A、
−同一の繰り返し単位(Ar1−U−Ar2)および同一の繰り返し単位(Ar3)から形成される、ランダムまたは交互コポリマーからなる群B、
−同一の繰り返し単位(Ar1−U−Ar2)および同一の繰り返し単位(Ar1)から形成される、ランダムまたは交互コポリマーからなる群C、
−同一の繰り返し単位(Ar1−U−Ar2)および同一の繰り返し単位(Ar1−Ar4−Ar2)から形成される、ランダムまたは交互コポリマーからなる群D
ここで、全てのこれらの基U中の、D1、Ar1、Ar2およびAr3は、前記および後記の通りであり、群A、BおよびC中の、Ar1、Ar2およびAr3は、単結合とは異なる、そして群D中のAr1およびAr2基の1つは、単結合であってもよい。
R5−chain−R6 V
(式中、“chain”は、上記の式IV、IVa〜IVkおよびIV1〜IV9から選択されるポリマー鎖であり、R5およびR6は、各々独立に、式IIaでRSに対して定義された意味の1つを有するか、またはH、F、Br、Cl、I、−CH2Cl、−CHO、−CR′=CR″2、−SiR′R″R′″、−SiR′X′X″、−SiR′R″X′、−SnR′R″R′″、−BR′R″、−B(OR′)(OR″)、−B(OH)2、−O−SO2−R′、−C≡CH、−C≡C−SiR′3もしくは−ZnX′ であり、ここでX′およびX″は、ハロゲンであり、R′、R″およびR′″は、各々独立に、式IでR0に対して定義された意味の1つを有し、そして、R′、R″およびR′″基のうちの2つは、それらが結合しているそれぞれのヘテロ原子と一緒になって、2〜20個の炭素原子を有する、シクロシリル、シクロスタニル、シクロボランもしくはシクロボロネート基を形成していてもよい。)
−yは、>0且つ<1であり、そしてzは、>0且つ<1である。
−nは、少なくとも5、好ましくは少なくとも10、より好ましくは少なくとも50であり、且つ最大2000まで、好ましくは500までである。
−Mwは、少なくとも5000、好ましくは少なくとも8000、より好ましくは少なくとも10000であり、且つ好ましくは最大300000まで、より好ましくは100000までである。
−X1は、OまたはNHであり、より好ましくはOである。
−SP1は、1〜20個、より好ましくは1〜8個の炭素原子を有するアルキレン、最も好ましくは、メチレン、エチレン、プロピレンまたはヘキシレンである。
−ArおよびAr1−4は、必要に応じて置換されたピロロ[3,4−c]ピロール−1,4−ジオン−3,6−ジイルとは異なる。
−ArおよびAr1−4は、必要に応じて置換されたフェニレン−1、4−ジイルとは異なる。
−R1は、Hとは異なる。
−R1は、直鎖状または分枝状の、2〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルケニル基であって、ここで、1個以上の水素原子は必要に応じてFで置き換えられている。
−R1は、3〜20個の炭素原子を有する、環状アルキル基であって、ここで、1個以上の水素原子は必要に応じてFで置き換えられている。
−R0およびR00は、HおよびC1−C20のアルキルから選択される。
−RSは、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、直鎖状、分枝状および/または環状の、1〜30個の炭素原子を有する、アルキル、アルコキシまたはスルホニルアルキルから選択され、ここで、1個以上の水素原子は必要に応じてFで置き換えられている。
−RSは、出現毎に同一であるか異なり、直鎖状、分枝状および/または環状の、アルキルカルボニル、アルコキシカルボニルおよびアルキルカルボニルオキシから選択され、ここで1個以上の水素原子は必要に応じてFで置き換えられている。
−R5およびR6は、各々独立に、H、ハロゲン、−CH2Cl、−CHO、−CH=CH2、−SiR′R″R′″、−SnR′R″R′″、−BR′R″、−B(OR′)(OR″)、−B(OH)2、C1−C20のアルキル、C1−C20のアルコキシ、C2−C20のアルケニル、C1−C20のフルオロアルキル、および必要に応じて置換された、4〜10個の環原子を有する、アリールもしくはヘテロアリール、好ましくはフェニル、から選択される。
R7−Ar1−U−Ar2−R8 VI1
R7−Ar1−R8 IX
R7−U−R8 VI2
R7−Ar1−Ar4−Ar2−R8 VIII1
R7−U−R8 VI2
R7−Ar4−R8 VIII2
R7−U−R8 VI2
R7−Ar4−R8 VIII2
R7−Ar1−R8 IX
R7−U−Ar1−U−R8 VI5
R7−Ar1−R8 IX
R7−U−R8 VI2
R7−Ar1−R8 IX
R7−Ar3−R8 X
式中、R7、R8、UおよびAr1,2,3,4は、式IIa、IIIaおよびVIaで定義された通りであり、そして、R7およびR8は好ましくは、式VIaで定義されているように、Cl、Br、I、−B(OZ2)2、および−Sn(Z4)3から選択される。
スキーム2
スキーム3
p型半導体(電子供与体)およびn型半導体(電子受容体)を含んでなるか、もしくは含む調合物中に、より好ましくは、本質的にそれらからなる調合物中に、そして非常に好ましくは排他的にそれらからなる調合物中に、使用される。p型半導体は、好ましくは、本発明のポリマーである。n型半導体は、例えば、無機材料(例えば、酸化亜鉛(ZnOx)、亜鉛スズ酸化物(ZTO)、酸化チタン(TiOx)、酸化モリブデン(MoOx)、酸化ニッケル(NiOx)、またはセレン化カドミウム(CdSe))、または有機材料(例えば、グラフェン、フラーレンもしくは置換されたフラーレンであり、ここで、置換されたフラーレンは、例えば、ICBAのようなインデン−C60−フラーレンの二付加物、または、「PCBM」もしくは「C60PCBM」としても知られ、例えば、G.Yu,J.Gao,J.C.Hummelen,F.Wudl,A.J.Heeger,Science 1995,vol.270,p.1789ffに記載され、そして、下記に示す構造を持つ、(6,6)−フェニル酪酸メチルエステルを誘導体化したメタノ−C60−フラーレン、または、例えば、C70−フラーレン基(C70PCBM)を有する、構造的に類似する化合物またはポリマー(参照:例えば、Coakley,K.M.およびMcGehee,M.D.Chem.Mater.2004,16,4533))である。受容体基(例えば、式I10またはI11で表される繰り返し単位)を含む本発明のポリマーは、n型半導体としても使用することができる。
−必要に応じて、基板、
−陽極として、好ましくは、金属酸化物、例えばITOを含み、高い仕事関数を有する電極、
−必要に応じて、好ましくは有機ポリマーもしくはポリマーブレンド、または有機化合物(例えば、PEDOT:PSS(ポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン):ポリ(スチレンスルホナート))、TBD(N,N′−ジフェニル−N‐N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビフェニル−4,4′−ジアミン)もしくはNBD(N,N′−ジフェニル−N‐N′−ビス(1−ナフチルフェニル)−1,1′−ビフェニル−4,4′−ジアミン)を含んでなる、導電性ポリマー層または正孔輸送層、
−例えば、p型とn型の半導体の、2重層もしくは2つの分離層の形で存在するか、または、バルクヘテロ接合(BHJ)を形成する、p型とn型の半導体のブレンドとして存在する、p型の有機半導体およびn型の有機半導体を含んでなる層(「活性層」または「光活性層」とも呼ばれる)、
−必要に応じて、例えば、LiFを含んでなる電子輸送層、
−陰極として、金属、例えばアルミニウムを含有する低仕事関数の電極、
ここで、前記電極の少なくとも1つ、好ましくは陽極、が透明であり、且つ、前記p型の半導体および/またはn型の半導体は、本発明のポリマーである。
−必要に応じて、基板、
−陰極として、好ましくは、金属酸化物、例えばITOを含み、高い仕事関数を有する電極、
−好ましくは金属酸化物、例えば、TiOxまたはZnOxを含んでなる、正孔遮断層、
−例えば、p型とn型の半導体の、2重層もしくは2つの分離層の形で存在するか、または、バルクヘテロ接合(BHJ)を形成する、p型とn型の半導体のブレンドとして存在する、p型の有機半導体およびn型の有機半導体を含んでなる層(「活性層」または「光活性層」とも呼ばれる)、
−必要に応じて、好ましくは有機ポリマーもしくはポリマーブレンド、または有機化合物(例えば、PEDOT:PSS、TBDもしくはNBD)を含んでなる、導電性ポリマー層または正孔輸送層、
−陽極として、銀などの高仕事関数の金属を含んでなる電極、
ここで、前記電極の少なくとも1つ、好ましくは陰極、が透明であり、且つ、前記p型の半導体および/またはn型の半導体は、本発明のポリマーである。
−ソース電極、
−ドレイン電極、
−ゲート電極、
−半導体層、
−1つ以上のゲート絶縁層、
−必要に応じて、基板。
ここで、半導体層は、好ましくは、本発明に係る、ポリマー、ポリマーブレンドまたは調合物を含んでなる。
互いに別々に(すなわち、互いに組合せることなく)使用することができる。
ポリチオフェン単位の合成:
1.1 2−(2−ブロモチオフェン−3−イル)エタノール:
Rf=0.54 (石油エーテル/酢酸エチル3:1)。−1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.01(s,1H,Har)、4.20(t,3J=6.9Hz,2H,CH2−O)、2.88 (t,3J=6.9Hz,2H,Car−CH2)、2.05(s,3H,CH3)。 −13C−NMR (75MHz,CDCl3):δ=171.0(C=0)、140.0(Car−CH2)、138.1(Car)、113.7(Car−Br)、71.7(CarI)、63.2(CH2−O)、28.8(Car−CH2)、21.2(CH3)。− FTIR:ν〜=2952、1735、1363、1228、1036cm−1。−MS(EI), m/z (%): 376/374 (15/15)[M+]、316/314(100/100)[(C6H4BrIS)+]、190/188(8/9)[(C6H5BrS)+]。−HRMS(C8H8BrIO2S):計算値373.8473、実測値373.8463。
1.4 2.7−ジブロモ−9−メチルフルオレン:
1.6 4,4−ジブロモ−2−ニトロビフェニル:
1.8 1−ブチルシクロペンタノール:
イミダゾールエステルの製造のための一般的な手法(GP1):
トルエン(5.0mL/アルコールのミリモル)中の、対応するアルコール(1.00当量)、1,1−カルボニルジイミダゾール(1.10当量)および水酸化カリウム(0.01当量)の懸濁液を60℃で18時間攪拌した。減圧下で溶媒を除去し、残りの残渣をジクロロメタン(50mL)で再び収容した。有機相を各々50mLの水で3回洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下で溶媒を除去した。粗生成物を、石油エーテル/酢酸エチルの混合物を溶離剤として用いてシリカゲル上でカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。
1.17 2,7−ジブロモナフタリン−1,8:4,5−テトラカルボン酸二無水物:
IR(単位cm−1のν):1778(s,O−C=0)、1747(vs,O−C=O)、1568(m)。−MS(EI+),m/z:268.0[(C14H4O6)+]、345.9[(C14H3 79BrO6)+]、423.8[(C14H2 79Br2O6)+]、501.7[(C14H1 79Br3O6)+]。
[C34H33Br2N2O6S2]+):計算値787.01413、実測値787.01419。
2.1 4,7−ビス(4,4,5,5−テトラメチル−1,3,2−ジオキサボロラン−2−イル)ベンゾ[c][1,2,5]チアジアゾール
テトラヒドロフラン(アルコールの4.0mL/ミリモル)中の、相応のイミダゾールエステル(1.10当量)および水酸化カリウム(0.01当量)の溶液に、テトラヒドロフラン中の相応のアルコール(1.00当量)の溶液を、60℃でゆっくりと滴下して加え、混合物を60℃で18時間撹拌した。溶媒を減圧下で除去し、残った残留物をジクロロメタン(50mL)で再度取り込んだ。有機相を各回50mLの水で3回洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、溶媒を減圧下で除去した。石油エーテル/酢酸エチルの混合物を溶離剤として用いて、粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。
−FTIR:ν〜=2958、2930、2867、2245、1748、1463、1384、1250、1194、1132、1100、790cm−1。−MS(EI),m/z(%): 500/498(12/12)[M+]、316/314(100/95)[(C6H4BrIS)+]、236(25)[(C6H5IS)+]、123(61)[(C9H15)+]。−HRMS(C16H20BrIO3S):計算値497.9361、実測値497.9385。−分解温度:Ton= 186℃。
横沢による合成:
ポリチオフェンの製造のための一般的手順(GP3):
テトラヒドロフラン(5.0mL/カルボナートのミリモル)中の、相応のカルボナート(1.00当量)の溶液に、テトラヒドロフラン中の、2.0Mの塩化イソプロピルマグネシウム(1.00当量)の溶液を、0℃で加え、混合物をこの温度で1時間撹拌した。これに、テトラヒドロフラン(5mL)中の[1,3−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィン)プロパン]ニッケルクロライド(0.005当量)の懸濁液を加えた。反応混合物を室温で24時間撹拌した。5Mの塩酸(10mL)を添加した後、反応混合物をクロロホルムで抽出した。有機相を水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥させ、そして溶媒を減圧下で除去した。次いで、残渣をメタノール(250mL)に添加し、不溶性物質をメタノール、アセトンおよびクロロホルムを用いてソックスレー装置で分画した。
−アセトン:Mn=15.3kDa、MW=24.6kDa、PDI=1.61;クロロホルム:Mn=41.0kDa、MW=45.6kDa、PDI=1.11。−分解温度:Ton= 180℃。
ホモポリマー(ポリフルオレンおよびポリカルバゾール)の製造のための一般的手順(GP4):
N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(5mL)中の、ビス(1,5−シクロオクタジエン)ニッケル(2.25当量)、シクロオクタジエン(2.25当量)および2,2−ビピリジン(2.25当量)の混合物を、50℃で30分間撹拌した。これに、テトラヒドロフラン(10mL/モノマーのミリモル)中の相応のモノマーの溶液(1.00当量)を添加した。反応混合物を70℃で2日間撹拌した。これに、エンドキャッパー(1.00当量)を添加し、さらに混合物を同じ温度でさらに12時間攪拌した。冷却した後、反応混合物をメタノール/塩酸(2:1、300mL)の混合物に加え、ソックスレー装置を用いてメタノール、アセトンおよびクロロホルムで、不溶性の物質を分画した。
−クロロホルム:Mn=167kDa、MW=577kDa、PDI=3.46。−分解温度:Ton= 200℃。
−GPC:Mn:10kD、Mw:21kD、PDI:2.1。−IR:(単位cm−1のν):2927(m,CH2)、2858(m,CH2)、1735(s,O−C=O)−O)、1703(s,N−C=O)、1664(vs,N−C=O)、1570(m)。−分解温度:Ton= 155℃。
−GPC:Mn:30kD、Mw:130kD、PDI:4.1。−IR:(単位cm−1のν): 1735(vs,O−C=O)−O)、1705(s,N−C=O)、1663(vs,N−C=O)、1572(m)。分解温度:Ton= 157℃。
コポリマーの製造のための一般的手順(GP5):
トルエン(5mL/モノマーのミリモル)中の、相応するモノマー(各々、1.00当量)、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0.05当量)、炭酸カリウム(2.50当量)、アリクワット 336(0.01当量)および水(5mL)の混合物を、3日間120℃で撹拌した。これに、エンドキャッパー(各々、1.00当量)を添加し、次いで、各々の場合において、混合物をさらに12時間、同じ温度で撹拌した。冷却した後、反応混合物をメタノール/塩酸(2:1、300mL)の混合物に加え、不溶性の物質をソックスレー装置でメタノール、アセトンおよびクロロホルムを用いて分画した。
−クロロホルム:Mn=25.8kDa、MW=55.8kDa、PDI=2.28。−分解温度:Ton= 204℃。
3.6 ポリ(9− メチルヘプタデカン−9−イル 2.7−ジブロモ−9H−カルバゾール−9−カルボキシレート)
−クロロホルム:Mn=95.9kDa、MW=370kDa、PDI=3.86。−分解温度:Ton=160℃。
−ビピリジン(46mg、0.29ミリモル)を、乾燥且つ脱気した、3mLのテトラヒドロフランに混合し、次いで混合物を30分間、70℃に加熱した。ビス(2−メチルへキサン−2−イル)−2,7−ビス(5′―ブロモ−4′−ヘキシルチオフェン−2′―イル)ナフタリン−1,4,5,8−テトラカルボキシイミド−[N,N]−ジカルボキシレート(96mg、0.09ミリモル)を、乾燥且つ脱気した、9mLのテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、室温(25℃)に冷却しておいたニッケル溶液に加え、次いで室温で3.5時間撹拌した。反応物に100μLのブロモベンゼン(0.64ミリモル)を加え、混合物をさらに3時間、65℃に加熱し、室温まで冷却した後、100mLのメタノールと50mLの濃塩酸の、撹拌された混合物に加えた。混合物を1時間撹拌し、沈殿物を濾過し、メタノールで洗浄した。残留物をクロロホルムで抽出し、3mLに濃縮し、次いでゆっくりと100mLのメタノールに滴下して加えた。1時間、撹拌の後、混合物を濾過し、残渣をメタノールで洗浄した。この操作を、最初は再びメタノールで、次いでn−へキサンで2回の、合計3回繰り返した。得られた紫色の固体を減圧下で乾燥させ、ベンゼンで凍結乾燥させた。48mg(理論値の59%)の、紫色のポリマー発泡体を得た。
−GPC:Mn:12.7kD、Mw:26kD、PDI:2.1。−FT−IR:(単位cm−1のν):2926(m,CH2)、2856(m,CH2)、1783(vs,N−C=O)−O)、1712(s,N−C=O)、1684(vs,N−C=O)、1576(m)。分解温度:Ton= 103℃。
−GPC:Mn:12kD、Mw:39kD、PDI:3.1。−FT−IR:(単位cm−1のν):2922(m,CH2)、2853(m,CH2)、1735(s,O−(C=O)−O)、1704(s,N−C=O)、1664(vs,N−C=O)、1572(m)。分解温度:Ton= 175℃。
4.1−4.4 ポリマー3.1およびPCBM−C60を具備してなる太陽電池
BHJ太陽電池を次のように作製した:
OLEDを次のように作製した:
有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)を次のように作製した:
Claims (35)
- 1つ以上の、同一であるかまたは異なる繰り返し単位を含む共役ポリマーであって、少なくとも1つの繰り返し単位がカーボネート基またはカルバメート基で置換されており、但し、該ポリマーは、必要に応じて置換されたベンゾ[lmn][3,8]フェナントロリン−1,3,6,8−テトラオン−4,9−ジイル単位に直接隣接する、1つ以上のカルバメート基で置換されたフェニレン単位を含まず、かつ該ポリマーは、ピロロ[3,4−c]−ピロール−1,4−ジオン−3,6−ジイル単位(その中の両窒素原子はカルボニル基で置換されている)を含まないことを特徴とする、共役ポリマー。
- 1つ以上の、同一であるかまたは異なる、式Iで表される繰返し単位を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の共役ポリマー。
Arは、1以上の位置で付加的に置換されていてもよい、単環式もしくは多環式の、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールであり、
Sp1は、単結合、または1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキレンであり、これは、非置換であるか、またはF、Cl、Br、IもしくはCNでモノ−もしくは多置換されており、且つその中で1つ以上の非隣接のCH2基が各々独立に、−O−、−S−、−NH−、−NR0−、−SiR0R00−、−CO−、−COO−、−OCO−、−OCO−O−、−S−CO−、−CO−S−、−CR0=CR00−もしくは−C≡C−で、酸素および/または硫黄原子が互いに直接結合しないように置き換えられていてもよい、
X1 は、NR0またはOであり、
ここで、Sp1−X1−C(O)−OR1基がAr基中の窒素原子に結合している場合、Sp1−X1基は単結合であってもよく、
R0およびR00は、各々独立に、Hまたは1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、そして
R1は、1〜40個の炭素原子を有するヒドロカルビル基であり、
但し、式Iで表される繰り返し単位であって、その中でArが−NH−C(O)−OR1でモノ−もしくは多置換されたフェニレンであり、且つポリマー骨格において、必要に応じて置換されたベンゾ[lmn][3,8]フェナントロリン−1,3,6,8−テトラオン−4,9−ジイル単位に直接隣接するもの、および式Iで表される繰り返し単位であって、その中でArがピロロ[3,4−c]−ピロール−1,4−ジオン−3,6−ジイル(その中で両窒素原子は−C(O)−OR1で置換されている)であるものを除く。) - Sp1基が1〜20個の炭素原子を有するアルキレンであることを特徴とする、請求項2または3に記載の共役ポリマー。
- R1基が直鎖状、分枝状もしくは環状の、1〜25の炭素原子を有するアルキルであり、これは非置換であるか、またはF、Cl、Br、IもしくはCNで、モノ−もしくは多置換されており、且つその中で1つ以上の非隣接のCH2基が各々独立に、−O−、−S−、−C(O)−、−C(S)−、−C(O)O−、−O−C(O)−、−NR0−、−SiR0R00−、−CF2−、−CHR0=CR00−、−CY1=CY2−もしくは−C≡C−で、酸素および/または硫黄原子が互いに直接結合しないように置き換えられていてもよく、ここでR0およびR00は請求項2で定義した意味を有することを特徴とする、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
- X1基がOまたはNHであることを特徴とする、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
- −Sp1−X1−C(O)−O−R1基が以下の式から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項2〜6のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
- Ar基が1つ以上の窒素原子を含み、Sp1−X1−C(O)−O−R1基が該Ar基中のこれらの窒素原子の1つに結合しており、そしてSp1−X1基が単結合であることを特徴とする、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー
- 式IIaまたはIIbで表される繰り返し単位を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
Uは、請求項2〜10のいずれか一項で記載される式IまたはI1〜I14で表される単位であり、
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3は、各々独立に、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、好ましくは5〜30個の環原子を有し、且つ必要に応じて(好ましくは1つ以上のRS基で)置換された、Uとは異なる、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールであり、
RSは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、F、Br、Cl、−CN、−NC、−NCO、−NCS、−OCN、−SCN、−C(O)NR0R00、−C(O)X0、−C(O)R0、−NH2、−NR0R00、−SH、−SR0、−SO3H、−SO2R0、−OH、−NO2、−CF3、−SF5、必要に応じて置換されているシリル基、または1〜40個の炭素原子を有し、必要に応じて置換されており、且つ必要に応じて1つ以上のヘテロ原子を含有するヒドロカルビルであり、
R0およびR00は、請求項2で定義された通りであり、
X0は、ハロゲン、好ましくはF、ClまたはBrであり、
a、bおよびcは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立に、0、1または2であり、
dは、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、0または1〜10の整数であり、
ここで、前記共役ポリマーは、式IIaまたはIIb(式中、bはが少なくとも1である)で表される繰り返し単位を少なくとも1つ含む。) - 必要に応じて置換された、単環式もしくは多環式の、アリールもしくはヘテロアリール単位を1つ以上、追加的に含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
- 以下の下位式から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の共役ポリマー。
- Ar1、Ar2、Ar3およびAr4は、出現毎に同一であるかまたは異なり、各々独立に、1,4−フェニレン、チオフェン−2,5−ジイル、セレノフェン−2,5−ジイル、チエノ[3,2−b]チオフェン−2,5−ジイル、チエノ[2,3−b]チオフェン−2,5−ジイル、セレノフェノ[3,2−b]セレノフェン−2,5−ジイル、セレノフェノ[2,3−b]セレノフェン−2,5−ジイル、セレノフェノ[3,2−b]チオフェン−2,5−ジイル、セレノフェノ[2,3−b]チオフェン−2,5−ジイル、ベンゾ[1,2−b:4,5−b′] ジチオフェン−2,6−ジイル、2,2−ジチオフェン、2,2−ジセレノフェン、ジチエノ[3,2−b:2′,3′−d]シロール−5,5−ジイル、4H−シクロペンタ[2,1−b:3,4−b′] ジチオフェン−2,6−ジイル、カルバゾール−2,7−ジイル、フルオレン−2,7−ジイル、インダセノ [1,2−b:5,6−b′]ジチオフェン−2,7−ジイル、ベンゾ[1″,2″:4,5;4″,5″:4′,5′]ビス(シロロ [3,2−b:3′,2′−b′ ]チオフェン)−2,7−ジイル、フェナントロ[1,10,9,8−c,d,e,f,g]カルバゾール−2,7−ジイル、ベンゾ[2,1,3]チアジアゾール−4,7−ジイル、ベンゾ[2,1,3]セレナジアゾール−4,7−ジイル、ベンゾ[2,1,3]オキサジアゾール−4,7−ジイル、2H−ベンゾトリアゾール−4,7−ジイル、3,4− ジフルオロチオフェン−2,5−ジイル、チエノ[3,4−b]ピラジン−2,5−ジイル、キノキサリン−5,8−ジイル、チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン−4,6−ジイル、チエノ[3,4−b]チオフェン−6,4−ジイル、3,6−ジチエン−2−イルピロロ[3,4−c]ピロール−1,4−ジオン、もしくは[1,3]チアゾロ[5,4−d][1,3]チアゾール−2,5−ジイルからなる群から選択され、ここで上記の基は各々、非置換であってもよく、または、好ましくは請求項11で定義されたRSにより、モノ−もしくは多置換されていてもよいことを特徴とする、請求項2〜15のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
- 以下の式から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の共役ポリマー。
R5−chain−R6 V
(式中、“chain”は、請求項14、15および17で定義された、式IV、IVa〜IVkおよびIV1〜IV7から選択されるポリマー鎖であり、R5およびR6は、各々独立に、請求項11でRSに対して定義された意味の1つを有するか、またはH、F、Br、Cl、I、−CH2Cl、−CHO、−CR′=CR″2、−SiR′R″R′″、−SiR′X′X″、−SiR′R″X′、−SnR′R″R′″、−BR′R″、−B(OR′)(OR″)、−B(OH)2、−O−SO2−R′、−C≡CH、−C≡C−SiR′3もしくは−ZnX′ であり、ここでX′およびX″は、ハロゲンであり、R′、R″およびR′″は、各々独立に、請求項2でR0に対して定義された意味の1つを有し、そして、R′、R″およびR′″基のうちの2つは、それらが結合しているそれぞれのヘテロ原子と一緒になって、2〜20個の炭素原子を有する、シクロシリル、シクロスタニル、シクロボランもしくはシクロボロネートを形成していてもよい。) - 請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載される、1つ以上のポリマーと、半導体、電荷輸送、正孔/電子−輸送、正孔/電子−遮断、導電、光導電もしくは発光の特性を有する、化合物もしくはポリマーの1つ以上を含んでなることを特徴とする、混合物またはポリマーブレンド。
- 本発明によるポリマーの1つ以上と、電子受容体およびn型の有機半導体から選択される、追加の化合物の1つ以上を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項19に記載の混合物またはポリマーブレンド。
- n型の有機半導体がフラーレンおよび置換されたフラーレンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項20に記載の混合物またはポリマーブレンド。
- 請求項1〜21のいずれか一項に記載される、ポリマー、混合物もしくはポリマーブレンドの1つ以上と、好ましくは有機溶剤から選択される、溶剤の1つ以上とを含んでなることを特徴とする、調合物。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載される、ポリマー、混合物、ポリマーブレンドもしくは調合物の、光学、電気光学、電子、エレクトロルミネッセンスもしくはフォトルミネッセンス素子における、そのような素子の構成要素における、またはそのような素子を含んでなる製品における、電荷輸送材料、半導体材料、導電材料、光導電材料もしくは発光材料としての使用。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載される、ポリマー、混合物、ポリマーブレンドもしくは調合物を含んでなることを特徴とする、電荷輸送材料、半導体材料、導電材料、光導電材料もしくは発光材料。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載される、ポリマー、混合物、ポリマーブレンドもしくは調合物を含んでなることを特徴とする、光学、電気光学、電子、エレクトロルミネッセンスもしくはフォトルミネッセンスの特性を有する素子、該素子の構成要素または該素子を含んでなる製品。
- 有機電界効果トランジスタ(OFET)、有機薄膜トランジスタ(OTFT)、有機発光ダイオード(OLED)、有機発光トランジスタ(OLET)、有機光起電力コンポーネント素子(OPV)、有機光検出器(OPD)、有機太陽電池、ショットキーダイオード、レーザーダイオード、および有機光導電体からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の素子。
- 有機半導体が光活性層内でバルクヘテロ接合を形成していることを特徴とする、請求項26に記載の、OFET、OPV素子、有機太陽電池またはOPD。
- 電荷注入層、電荷輸送層、中間層、平坦化層、帯電防止フィルム、ポリマー電解質膜(PEM)、導電性基板および導電性パターンからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の構成要素。
- 集積回路(IC),キャパシタ、RFID(電波識別)タグ、RFIDタグを具備してなる、セキュリティラベルもしくはセキュリティ素子、フラットディスプレースクリーン、ディスプレースクリーン用バックライト、電子写真素子、電子写真記録素子、有機メモリー素子、センサー素子、バイオセンサーおよびバイオチップからなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の製品。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載される、ポリマー、混合物、ポリマーブレンドもしくは調合物の、電池における、またはDNA配列の検出および識別のための、構成要素もしくは装置における使用。
- 式VIaまたはVIbで表されるモノマー。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載のポリマーまたは該ポリマーを含んでなる層を≦200℃の温度に加熱することにより、該ポリマー中のカーボネートまたはカルバメート基を部分的または完全に脱離させる方法。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載のポリマー中のカルバメートおよびカーボネート基を脱離させることにより得られる、または請求項34に記載される方法により得られる、共役ポリマー。
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