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JP2017134674A - Detection and alarm system for fire, intrusion and water leakage - Google Patents

Detection and alarm system for fire, intrusion and water leakage Download PDF

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JP2017134674A
JP2017134674A JP2016014674A JP2016014674A JP2017134674A JP 2017134674 A JP2017134674 A JP 2017134674A JP 2016014674 A JP2016014674 A JP 2016014674A JP 2016014674 A JP2016014674 A JP 2016014674A JP 2017134674 A JP2017134674 A JP 2017134674A
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intrusion
optical fiber
fire
fiber cable
detection
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JP6630171B2 (en
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哲之 長谷
Tetsuyuki Hase
哲之 長谷
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Nippon Dry Chemical Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

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  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a detection and alarm system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. which facilitates laying work of wiring, etc. into a building structure, and which can be simplified, made smaller and saved in space by integrating functions for detecting fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. with one optical fiber cable.SOLUTION: A detection and alarm system includes: one optical fiber cable 1 to detect a temperature indicating a fire, intrusion and water leakage; and a disaster prevention receiver 2 connected to the optical fiber cable 1. The disaster prevention receiver 2 includes: fire detection means 4 connected to the optical fiber cable 1 to detect the temperature indicating the fire; intrusion detection means 5 to detect intrusion; water leakage detection means 6 to detect water leakage; alarm generation means 7 to receive an abnormality signal detected by the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5 or the water leakage detection means 6, and generate an alarm; and notification means 8 to notify the outside of an abnormality content and an abnormality occurrence place in response to the abnormality signal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、ビル、家屋、工場、スマートハウス、データセンターなどの建造物における火災、侵入、漏水等を検知して警報を発する火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a fire, intrusion, water leak, etc. detection and notification system that issues a warning by detecting a fire, intrusion, water leak, etc. in a building, house, factory, smart house, data center or the like.

ビル、家屋、工場、スマートハウス、データセンターなどの建造物における火災、侵入、漏水等の検知手段として、例えば、火災の検知にあっては、煙感知器や熱感知器によって火災を検知し(例えば、特許文献1、2参照。)、また、侵入の検知にあっては、赤外線ビーム探知器や人感センサによって不法侵入を検知し(例えば、特許文献3参照。)、また、漏水感知にあっては、一対の検知用電極を配置しておき、漏水により浸漬されて一対の検知用電極が短絡することにより漏水を検知する(例えば、特許文献4参照。)検知手段がある。   As a means of detecting fires, intrusions, water leaks, etc. in buildings, houses, factories, smart houses, data centers, etc., for example, when detecting fires, the fire is detected by smoke detectors or heat detectors ( For example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2.) In addition, intrusion detection, an illegal intrusion is detected by an infrared beam detector or a human sensor (for example, refer to Patent Document 3), and also for water leakage detection. In this case, a pair of detection electrodes is arranged, and there is a detection unit that detects water leakage when the pair of detection electrodes are short-circuited by being immersed in water leakage (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

これらの検知手段は別個の装置により防災を担当しており、共通する構成がないことから、火災、侵入、漏水等を検知する機能を統合するには装置が複雑となり敷設作業上、また管理上の点から困難とされ、これらの機能を統合した検知と報知に関するシステムはない。   These detection means are in charge of disaster prevention using separate devices, and since there is no common configuration, the device becomes complicated to integrate the functions to detect fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. However, there is no system for detection and notification that integrates these functions.

特開昭59−132094号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-1321994 特開2002−133550号公報JP 2002-133550 A 特開2006−99501号公報JP 2006-99501 A 特開2009−175811号公報JP 2009-175811 A

上記のように、従来は、火災、侵入、漏水等を検知する機能を統合した検知と報知に関するシステムはなかった。そのため1つの建造物に火災、侵入、漏水等を検知する検知と報知に関するシステムを備えようとする場合は、それぞれ検知システムを別々の作業で敷設しなければならず、また、それらの検知システムを統合して報知するシステムもないため、個別に報知システムを構築しなければならず、構成が複雑になるばかりではなく、敷設作業が複雑となり、システムの占有面積が大きくなり、有効面積が狭められることになるといった問題があった。   As described above, there has conventionally been no system for detection and notification that integrates functions for detecting fire, intrusion, water leakage, and the like. Therefore, when it is going to be equipped with the system about the detection and the information which detects a fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. in one building, each detection system must be laid by separate work, and those detection systems should be installed. Since there is no system that reports in an integrated manner, it is necessary to construct a separate notification system, which not only complicates the configuration but also complicates the installation work, increases the area occupied by the system, and reduces the effective area. There was a problem of becoming.

本発明者は、かかる問題を解決すべく研究を重ねた結果、光ファイバの機能に着目した。
光ファイバの機能を利用した検知手段として、例えば、後方散乱光を受光し、光ファイバに加わった熱により変化したラマン散乱光強度によって温度を測定し温度を検知するとともに、ラマン散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間をOTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflect-meter)の手法で測定することにより熱が加わった光ファイバ中の位置を特定する光ファイバ式分布形温度センサが知られており(特開平7−167717号公報)、火災の熱を検知する機能を利用することにより火災の検知が可能となる。
The inventor of the present invention paid attention to the function of the optical fiber as a result of repeated research to solve such a problem.
As a detecting means using the function of the optical fiber, for example, the backscattered light is received, the temperature is measured by the Raman scattered light intensity changed by the heat applied to the optical fiber, and the temperature is detected. An optical fiber type distributed temperature sensor is known that identifies the position in an optical fiber where heat has been applied by measuring the time until it returns to OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflect-meter). No. 7-167717), the use of a function for detecting the heat of a fire makes it possible to detect the fire.

また、光ファイバ中のブリルアン散乱光の強度より温度を測定し後方散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間より光ファイバ中の位置を特定し、さらに、ブリルアン散乱光の周波数のシフトによって、光ファイバに触れることによる光ファイバの歪みを検知するとともに、ブリルアン散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間より歪みが発生した箇所を特定できることが知られている(特開平4−248426号公報)。   In addition, the temperature is measured from the intensity of the Brillouin scattered light in the optical fiber, the position in the optical fiber is specified from the time until the backscattered light returns to the incident end, and further, by the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattered light, It is known that the distortion of the optical fiber caused by touching the optical fiber can be detected, and the position where the distortion has occurred can be identified from the time until the Brillouin scattered light returns to the incident end (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-248426). ).

光ファイバをループ状に敷設し、光ファイバに光分岐結合素子を接続し、光ファイバに光源から発せられた光を時計回り及び反時計回りに伝播させ、伝播光の遅延時間の差を位相変位として検出し(光ファイバリング干渉型)光ファイバの振動を検知するとともに、振動が発生した場所を特定できることが知られている(特開2000−46564号公報)。この機能を侵入者の検知装置として光ファイバ中の干渉光の強度変化から光ファイバの振動と振動位置を検知し侵入を検知する光ファイバリングリング干渉型センサによる侵入者検知装置が知られている(特開2005−345137号公報)。   An optical fiber is laid in a loop shape, an optical branching and coupling element is connected to the optical fiber, light emitted from the light source is propagated clockwise and counterclockwise in the optical fiber, and the difference in delay time of the propagated light is phase-shifted (Optical fiber ring interference type) is known to detect the vibration of the optical fiber and identify the place where the vibration has occurred (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-46564). With this function as an intruder detection device, an intruder detection device using an optical fiber ring ring interference type sensor that detects the intrusion by detecting the vibration and vibration position of the optical fiber from the intensity change of the interference light in the optical fiber is known. (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2005-345137).

また、光ファイバに膨張性又は収縮性の高分子系吸水材を設けておき、後方散乱光を受光し、後方散乱光の周波数の変化によって、吸水した高分子系吸水材の膨張又は収縮により光ファイバの歪みを検知するとともに、後方散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間を測定することにより歪みが発生した箇所を特定できることが知られている(特開2004−45226号公報)。また、光ファイバに膨張性の押圧部材を設けておき、レイリー散乱光を受光し、レイリー散乱光の光量の変化によって、吸水した押圧部材の膨張により光ファイバに歪みによる伝送損失の増加を検知するとともに、レイリー散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間を測定する(OTDR)ことにより歪みが発生した箇所を特定できることが知られている(特開2004−45218号公報)。このようにレイリー散乱による光ファイバに加わった歪みを光ファイバの損失から検知するOTDRについては特開平3−68825号公報に開示されている。また、OTDRについてはレイリー散乱をヘテロダイン受信して感度を向上させるC−OTDR(Coherent-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)と光ファイバの歪みによるブリルアン散乱現象によるB−OTDR(Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)が特開2011−17652号公報に開示されている。 In addition, an expandable or contractible polymer water-absorbing material is provided in the optical fiber, receives backscattered light, and changes in frequency of the backscattered light so that light is absorbed by expansion or contraction of the absorbed polymer-based water absorbent material. It is known that a location where distortion occurs can be specified by detecting the strain of the fiber and measuring the time until the backscattered light returns to the incident end (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-45226). In addition, an inflatable pressing member is provided in the optical fiber, receives Rayleigh scattered light, and detects an increase in transmission loss due to distortion in the optical fiber due to expansion of the absorbed pressing member due to a change in the amount of Rayleigh scattered light. At the same time, it is known that a portion where distortion has occurred can be identified by measuring the time until Rayleigh scattered light returns to the incident end (OTDR) (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-45218). The OTDR that detects the distortion applied to the optical fiber due to Rayleigh scattering from the loss of the optical fiber is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-68825. As for OTDR, C-OTDR (Coherent-Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) for improving sensitivity by heterodyne reception of Rayleigh scattering and B-OTDR (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) based on Brillouin scattering phenomenon due to optical fiber distortion are disclosed in JP It is disclosed in the 2011-17652 gazette.

本発明の目的は、火災、侵入、漏水等を検知する機能を1本の光ファイバケーブルで統合して行えるようにすることにより、建造物への配線などの敷設作業を容易にするとともに、システムの簡素化、小型化、省スペース化を図ることができる火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システムを提供することにある。   It is an object of the present invention to facilitate installation work such as wiring to a building by integrating a function of detecting fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. with a single optical fiber cable, and a system. It is to provide a detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. that can be simplified, downsized, and space-saving.

上記の目的を達成するために、請求項1に記載の発明は、火災による温度、侵入、漏水を検知する少なくとも1本の光ファイバケーブルをバンドルした1本のワイヤーを備え、前記ワイヤーは監視する所定の箇所に敷設され、また、前記光ファイバケーブルと接続する防災受信機を備え、前記防災受信機は、前記光ファイバケーブルに接続されて火災による温度を検知する火災検知手段、侵入を検知する侵入検知手段、漏水を検知する漏水検知手段と、前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段で検知した異常信号を受け、警報を発する警報発生手段と、異常信号に応じた異常内容及び異常発生箇所を外部へ報知する報知手段を有していることを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a wire bundled with at least one optical fiber cable for detecting temperature, intrusion, and water leakage caused by a fire, and the wire is monitored. A disaster prevention receiver laid at a predetermined location and connected to the optical fiber cable, wherein the disaster prevention receiver is connected to the optical fiber cable to detect a temperature due to a fire, and detects an intrusion. An intrusion detection means, a water leak detection means for detecting water leakage, an alarm generation means for receiving an abnormal signal detected by the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leak detection means, and an abnormal content according to the abnormal signal And having an informing means for informing the outside of the location where the abnormality has occurred.

請求項1に記載の発明によれば、1本の光ファイバケーブルで火災、侵入、漏水等を検知するので、建造物への配線などの敷設作業を容易にするとともに、システムの簡素化、小型化、省スペース化を図ることができ、そして、前記光ファイバケーブルに接続されて火災による温度を検知する前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段で検知した異常信号を受け、警報発生手段が警報を発し、報知手段が異常信号に応じた異常内容及び異常発生箇所を外部へ報知するので、速やかな防災活動が可能となる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, since fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. are detected with a single optical fiber cable, the installation work such as wiring to the building is facilitated, and the system is simplified and reduced in size. And an alarm signal detected by the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leakage detection means connected to the optical fiber cable to detect the temperature due to a fire, Since the generating means issues an alarm and the notifying means notifies the abnormality content and abnormality occurrence location according to the abnormality signal to the outside, prompt disaster prevention activities are possible.

請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の、前記ワイヤーの前記光ファイバケーブルは1本で構成されていることを特徴としている。   The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the optical fiber cable of the wire according to claim 1 is constituted by one.

請求項2に記載の発明によれば、建造物への配線などの敷設作業を一層容易にするとともに、システムの一層の簡素化、小型化、省スペース化を図ることができる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to further facilitate the laying work such as wiring to the building, and to further simplify, miniaturize, and save space of the system.

請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の、前記光ファイバケーブルは、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブルと、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブルが前記ワイヤーにバンドルされて1本に構成され、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記火災検知手段が接続され、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記侵入検知手段と前記漏水検知手段が接続されていることを特徴としている。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the optical fiber cable according to the first aspect, an optical fiber cable for detecting temperature due to a fire and an optical fiber cable for detecting intrusion or water leakage are bundled with the wire. The fire detecting means is connected to an optical fiber cable for detecting temperature due to fire, and the intrusion detecting means and the water leak detecting means are connected to an optical fiber cable for detecting intrusion and water leakage. It is characterized by being.

請求項3に記載の発明によれば、前記光ファイバケーブルは、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブルと、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブルが前記ワイヤーにバンドルされて1本に構成され、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記火災検知手段が接続され、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記侵入検知手段と前記漏水検知手段が接続されているので、建造物への配線などの敷設作業の容易化、システムの簡素化、小型化、省スペース化を図ることができるとともに、火災、侵入、漏水を高分解能で高精度に検知することができる。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, the optical fiber cable is composed of an optical fiber cable for detecting a temperature caused by a fire and an optical fiber cable for detecting intrusion and leakage of water, bundled with the wire. The fire detecting means is connected to the optical fiber cable for detecting the temperature due to fire, and the intrusion detecting means and the water leak detecting means are connected to the optical fiber cable for detecting intrusion and water leakage. In addition to facilitating laying work such as wiring to the system, the system can be simplified, downsized, and space can be saved, and fire, intrusion, and water leakage can be detected with high resolution and high accuracy.

請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の、前記光ファイバケーブルは、火災による温度、侵入、漏水のそれぞれの検知用の複数の光ファイバケーブルが前記ワイヤーにバンドルされて1本に構成され、火災による温度、侵入、漏水のそれぞれの検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段が別々に接続されていることを特徴としている。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the optical fiber cable according to the first aspect, a plurality of optical fiber cables for detecting each of temperature, intrusion, and water leakage due to a fire are bundled with the wire into one. The fire detecting means, the intrusion detecting means, and the water leakage detecting means are separately connected to optical fiber cables for detecting temperature, intrusion, and water leakage due to fire.

請求項4に記載の発明によれば、前記光ファイバケーブルは、火災による温度、侵入、漏水のそれぞれの検知用の複数の光ファイバケーブルがバンドルされて1本に構成され、火災による温度、侵入、漏水のそれぞれの検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段が別々に接続されているので、建造物への配線などの敷設作業の容易化、システムの簡素化、小型化、省スペース化を図ることができるとともに、火災、侵入、漏水を一層の高分解能で高精度に検知することができる。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the optical fiber cable is formed by bundling a plurality of optical fiber cables for detecting each of temperature, intrusion, and water leakage caused by a fire. Since the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leak detection means are separately connected to the respective optical fiber cables for detection of water leakage, the laying work such as wiring to the building is facilitated. Simplification, downsizing, and space saving can be achieved, and fire, intrusion, and water leakage can be detected with higher resolution and higher accuracy.

請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の、前記防災受信機に有する前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段は、いずれもブリルアン散乱を検知方法に利用するものであることを特徴としている。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leakage detection means of the disaster prevention receiver according to any one of the first to fourth aspects are all Brillouin. It is characterized in that scattering is used as a detection method.

請求項5に記載の発明によれば、前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段は、いずれもブリルアン散乱を検知方法に利用するので、前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段を1台の検知手段として構成することができ、これにより、敷設が簡単となり、一層の省スペース化と、前記防災受信機の小型化が図れる。   According to the invention described in claim 5, since the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leakage detection means all use Brillouin scattering in the detection method, the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, The water leakage detection means can be configured as a single detection means, thereby simplifying the installation, further saving space and reducing the size of the disaster prevention receiver.

請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の、前記防災受信機に有する前記火災検知手段はラマン散乱を検知方法に利用するものであり、前記侵入検知手段及び前記漏水検知手段はレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用するものであることを特徴としている。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the fire detection means of the disaster prevention receiver according to any one of the first to fourth aspects uses Raman scattering as a detection method, and the intrusion The detection means and the water leakage detection means use Rayleigh scattering for the detection method.

請求項6に記載の発明によれば、火災の発生と発生箇所を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、侵入と漏水の発生および発生箇所をより高分解能で検知できる。 According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the occurrence and location of fire can be detected quickly and with higher resolution, and the occurrence and location of intrusion and water leakage can be detected with higher resolution.

請求項7に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の、前記防災受信機に有する前記火災検知手段はラマン散乱を検知方法に利用するものであり、前記侵入検知手段は光ファイバリング干渉型を検知方法に利用するものであり、前記漏水検知手段はレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用するものであることを特徴としている。   According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the fire detection means included in the disaster prevention receiver according to any one of the first to fourth aspects uses Raman scattering as a detection method, and the intrusion The detection means uses an optical fiber ring interference type for the detection method, and the water leakage detection means uses Rayleigh scattering for the detection method.

請求項7に記載の発明によれば、火災の発生と発生箇所を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、侵入を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、漏水の発生および発生箇所をより高分解能で検知できる。   According to the invention of claim 7, the occurrence and location of fire can be detected quickly and with higher resolution, the intrusion can be detected quickly and with higher resolution, and the occurrence and occurrence of water leakage Can be detected with higher resolution.

請求項8に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の、 前記光ファイバケーブルを構成する漏水を検知する光ファイバケーブルの断面において、断面の周方向の一部に、膨張性或いは収縮性のある高分子系吸水材が光ファイバケーブルの長手方向に配置され、高分子系吸水材の軸対称位置に、光ファイバケーブルの長手方向に間欠的に不変形部材が配置されていることを特徴としている。   The invention according to claim 8 is a part of the circumferential direction of the cross section in the cross section of the optical fiber cable that detects water leakage constituting the optical fiber cable according to any one of claims 1 to 7. In addition, an expandable or contractible polymer water-absorbing material is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable, and an indeformable member is intermittently disposed in the axial direction of the polymer water-absorbing material in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable. It is characterized by being arranged.

請求項8に記載の発明によれば、高分子系吸水材が吸水して膨張或いは収縮したとき、光ファイバケーブルの長手方向に間欠的に配置されている不変形部材の位置で前記光ファイバケーブルの曲がりが大きくなり、光ファイバケーブルの伝送損失が増加することにより、漏水の発生および発生箇所を一層高分解能で高精度に検知できる。   According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, when the polymer water-absorbing material absorbs water and expands or contracts, the optical fiber cable is positioned at the position of the non-deformable member disposed intermittently in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable. As the bending of the optical fiber cable increases and the transmission loss of the optical fiber cable increases, the occurrence and location of water leakage can be detected with higher resolution and higher accuracy.

請求項9に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の、前記ワイヤーは検知する所定の箇所の床に敷設されることを特徴としている。   A ninth aspect of the invention is characterized in that the wire according to any one of the first to eighth aspects is laid on a floor at a predetermined location to be detected.

請求項9に記載の発明によれば、火災の発生と発生箇所を速やかに検知でき、また、侵入を速やかに検知でき、また、漏水の発生および発生箇所をより速やかに検知できる。   According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the occurrence and occurrence of a fire can be detected quickly, the intrusion can be detected quickly, and the occurrence and occurrence of water leakage can be detected more quickly.

本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システムは、火災、侵入、漏水等を検知する機能を1本の光ファイバケーブルで統合して行えるようにしたので、建造物への配線などの敷設作業を容易にするとともに、システムの簡素化、小型化、省スペース化を図ることができる。   Since the detection and notification system for fires, intrusions, water leaks, etc. according to the present invention can be integrated with a single optical fiber cable for detecting fires, intrusions, water leaks, etc., wiring to buildings, etc. In addition to facilitating laying work, the system can be simplified, miniaturized, and space-saving.

本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第1実施例を示す概要構成説明図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, and the like according to the present invention. 図1に示す光ファイバケーブルの拡大縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the optical fiber cable shown in FIG. 1. 図2に示す光ファイバケーブルのA−A線断面図である。It is the sectional view on the AA line of the optical fiber cable shown in FIG. 本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第2実施例を示す概要構成説明図である。It is a general | schematic structure explanatory drawing which shows 2nd Example of the detection and alerting | reporting system of a fire, intrusion, water leak, etc. which concern on this invention. 本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第3実施例を示す概要構成説明図である。It is a general | schematic structure explanatory drawing which shows 3rd Example of the detection and alerting | reporting system of a fire, intrusion, water leak, etc. which concern on this invention. 本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第4実施例を示す概要構成説明図である。It is a general | schematic structure explanatory drawing which shows 4th Example of the detection and alerting | reporting system of a fire, intrusion, water leak, etc. concerning this invention. 本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムを建造物へ施工した一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows an example which constructed | assembled the detection and alerting | reporting system, such as a fire, intrusion, and water leakage, which concerns on this invention to a building.

以下、本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの実施の形態の一例を図1乃至図7を参照して詳細に説明する。
本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムは、火災による温度、侵入、漏水を検知する少なくとも1本の光ファイバケーブル1と、光ファイバケーブル1と接続する防災受信機2とを備えている。防災受信機2は、光ファイバケーブル1に接続されて火災による温度を検知する火災検知手段4、侵入を検知する侵入検知手段5、漏水を検知する漏水検知手段6と、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6で検知した異常信号を受け、警報を発する警報発生手段7と、異常信号に応じた異常内容及び異常発生箇所を外部へ報知する報知手段8を有している。
Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of a detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
The detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention comprises at least one optical fiber cable 1 for detecting temperature, intrusion, and water leakage due to fire, and a disaster prevention receiver 2 connected to the optical fiber cable 1. I have. The disaster prevention receiver 2 is connected to the optical fiber cable 1 to detect the temperature due to a fire, a fire detection means 4, an intrusion detection means 5 to detect intrusion, a water leak detection means 6 to detect water leak, a fire detection means 4, an intrusion An alarm generating means 7 for receiving an abnormality signal detected by the detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 and issuing an alarm, and an informing means 8 for notifying the outside of the abnormality content and the abnormality occurrence location according to the abnormality signal are provided.

防災受信機2に備えている火災検知手段4は、光ファイバケーブル1からの後方散乱光を受光し、光ファイバケーブルに加わった熱により変化した後方散乱光の強度によって温度を測定し火災の熱を検知するとともに、後方散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間を測定することにより熱が加わった光ファイバケーブルの箇所を特定することから火災の場所を特定する機能を有する火災による温度検知器が使用される。火災による温度検知器は、例えば、40℃〜100℃の範囲で異常温度とする閾値温度を設定しておき、測定した温度が短時間で異常温度に上昇したら火災と判断するとともに、検知した光ファイバケーブルの箇所から火災の場所を特定する。火災検知手段4における後方散乱光の検知方法では、ブリルアン散乱、ラマン散乱のアンチストークス光が利用される。   The fire detection means 4 provided in the disaster prevention receiver 2 receives the backscattered light from the optical fiber cable 1 and measures the temperature based on the intensity of the backscattered light changed by the heat applied to the optical fiber cable. Temperature detection by fire with the function of identifying the location of the fire by identifying the location of the optical fiber cable heated by measuring the time until the backscattered light returns to the incident end A vessel is used. For example, a temperature detector due to fire sets a threshold temperature that is an abnormal temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 100 ° C., and if the measured temperature rises to the abnormal temperature in a short time, it is judged as a fire and the detected light Identify the location of the fire from the fiber cable. In the detection method of the backscattered light in the fire detection means 4, Brillouin scattering or Raman scattering anti-Stokes light is used.

また、火災の判断方法としては温度の上昇する時間ではなく、検知用の光ファイバケーブル1が敷設されている部屋内の各箇所で気温を検知して平均気温を算出し、平均気温に対する温度の差分から火災の熱の異常温度と箇所を検知しても良い。また、光ファイバケーブル1が敷設されている部屋内の気温を感知する箇所を設けその温度との差分から火災の熱の異常温度と箇所を検知しても良い。これにより、徐々に温度が上昇するような火災の場合でも、速やかに火災を検知できる。   In addition, as a method of judging fire, it is not the time for the temperature to rise, but the temperature is detected at each location in the room where the optical fiber cable 1 for detection is laid, and the average temperature is calculated. The abnormal temperature and location of the fire heat may be detected from the difference. Alternatively, a location for sensing the temperature in the room where the optical fiber cable 1 is laid may be provided, and the abnormal temperature and location of the fire heat may be detected from the difference from the temperature. Thereby, even in the case of a fire in which the temperature gradually increases, the fire can be detected promptly.

また、侵入検知手段5は、検知用の光ファイバケーブル1のからの後方散乱光を受光し、後方散乱光の強度または周波数のシフトによって光ファイバケーブルに触れることによる光ファイバケーブルの歪みを検知するとともに、後方散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間を測定することにより歪みが発生した箇所を特定する機能を有する侵入検知器が使用される。侵入者の歩行時に床にかかる体重による光ファイバケーブルの歪みを検知したら侵入検知器は侵入があったと判断するとともに、歪みを検知した光ファイバケーブルの箇所から場所を特定する。侵入検知手段4における歪みによる後方散乱光の検知方法では、ブリルアン散乱によるブリルアン周波数シフト量やレイリー散乱による後方散乱光強度の伝送損失の低下が利用される。   Further, the intrusion detection means 5 receives backscattered light from the detection optical fiber cable 1 and detects distortion of the optical fiber cable caused by touching the optical fiber cable due to the intensity or frequency shift of the backscattered light. At the same time, an intrusion detector having a function of specifying a location where distortion has occurred by measuring the time until the backscattered light returns to the incident end is used. When detecting the distortion of the optical fiber cable due to the weight on the floor when the intruder walks, the intrusion detector determines that the intrusion has occurred and identifies the location from the location of the optical fiber cable where the distortion is detected. In the method of detecting backscattered light due to distortion in the intrusion detection means 4, Brillouin frequency shift amount due to Brillouin scattering and reduction in transmission loss of backscattered light intensity due to Rayleigh scattering are used.

また、侵入検知手段5として、光ファイバケーブル1をループ状に敷設し、光ファイバケーブルに光分岐結合素子を接続し、光ファイバケーブルに光源から発せられた光を時計回り及び反時計回りに伝播させ、伝播光の時間変化の差を測定し、侵入者の歩行時の振動による光ファイバケーブルの振動を検知し、振動を検知したら侵入があったと判断するとともに、検知した箇所を特定する光ファイバリング干渉型を検知方法とする侵入検知器を使用することもできる。   Further, as the intrusion detection means 5, the optical fiber cable 1 is laid in a loop shape, an optical branching coupling element is connected to the optical fiber cable, and the light emitted from the light source is propagated clockwise and counterclockwise to the optical fiber cable. Optical fiber cable that measures the difference in propagation light over time, detects the vibration of the optical fiber cable due to the vibration when the intruder walks, and determines that there is an intrusion when the vibration is detected, and identifies the detected location An intrusion detector that uses a ring interference type detection method can also be used.

また、漏水検知手段6は、光ファイバケーブル1を構成する検知用の光ファイバケーブルの外被覆の内側に膨張性又は収縮性の高分子系吸水材を設けておき、光ファイバケーブルからの後方散乱光を受光し、後方散乱光の強度または周波数シフト量の変化によって、吸水した高分子系吸水材の膨張又は収縮により光ファイバケーブルの歪みを検知するとともに、後方散乱光が入射端に戻ってくるまでの時間を測定することにより歪みが発生した箇所を特定する機能を有する漏水検知器が使用される。歪みを検知したら漏水検知器は漏水があったと判断するとともに、検知した光ファイバの箇所から漏水の場所を特定する。漏水検知手段5における歪みによる後方散乱光の検知方法では、ブリルアン散乱によるブリルアン周波数シフト量、レイリー散乱による後方散乱光強度の伝送損失の低下が利用される。   Further, the water leakage detection means 6 is provided with an expandable or contractible polymer water-absorbing material inside the outer coating of the optical fiber cable for detection that constitutes the optical fiber cable 1, and backscattering from the optical fiber cable. Receives light, detects the distortion of the optical fiber cable by the expansion or contraction of the water-absorbing polymer-based water-absorbing material based on the change in the intensity or frequency shift amount of the backscattered light, and the backscattered light returns to the incident end. A water leakage detector having a function of specifying a location where distortion has occurred by measuring the time until is used. When the distortion is detected, the water leakage detector determines that there is water leakage and identifies the location of the water leakage from the detected optical fiber. In the method of detecting the backscattered light due to distortion in the water leakage detection means 5, the reduction in the transmission loss of the Brillouin frequency shift amount due to Brillouin scattering and the backscattered light intensity due to Rayleigh scattering is used.

光ファイバケーブルの歪みによって検知する侵入と漏水との区別にあっては、歪みの与えられている時間の長さによって判断する。侵入の場合は侵入者の歩行などによって同じ箇所で長時間に渡って歪みが発生することは無く歪みの量つまり伝送損失の低下も短時間で変動するが、漏水の場合は同じ箇所で長時間にわたって歪みが発生するので区別できる。   The distinction between intrusion and water leakage detected by the strain of the optical fiber cable is determined by the length of time that the strain is applied. In the case of intrusion, distortion does not occur for a long time at the same place due to intruders walking etc., and the amount of distortion, that is, the reduction in transmission loss also fluctuates in a short time, but in the case of water leakage, the same place takes a long time Since distortion occurs over the whole area, it can be distinguished.

また、光ファイバケーブル1は、1本の検知用の光ファイバケーブルからなるものでもよく、また、火災の熱、侵入、漏水の検知用の複数の光ファイバケーブルを用意し、これを一本に束ねて光ファイバケーブル1としてもよい。光ファイバケーブル1が1本の光ファイバケーブルからなる場合は、光ファイバケーブル1に接続される火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6は光路分岐器(図示せず)を介してそれぞれ1本の光ファイバケーブルに接続され、また光ファイバケーブル1が火災による温度、侵入、漏水を別々に検知する複数の光ファイバケーブルからなる場合は、それぞれの光ファイバケーブル毎に火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6が別々に接続される。なお、光ファイバケーブル1が1本の光ファイバケーブルからなる場合でも、ブリルアン散乱検知手段を利用する場合は、ブリルアン散乱検知手段が火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6を兼ねるので、光路分岐器をつなげることなくブリルアン散乱検知手段を1本の光ファイバケーブルに接続すればよい。   Further, the optical fiber cable 1 may be composed of a single optical fiber cable for detection, and a plurality of optical fiber cables for detecting fire heat, intrusion, and water leakage are prepared, and these are integrated into one. The optical fiber cable 1 may be bundled. When the optical fiber cable 1 consists of one optical fiber cable, the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5, and the water leakage detection means 6 connected to the optical fiber cable 1 are routed through an optical path branching device (not shown). When each of the optical fiber cables is connected to one optical fiber cable and the optical fiber cable 1 is composed of a plurality of optical fiber cables that separately detect the temperature, intrusion, and water leakage due to fire, the fire detection means 4 is provided for each optical fiber cable. The intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 are connected separately. Even when the optical fiber cable 1 is composed of one optical fiber cable, when the Brillouin scattering detection means is used, the Brillouin scattering detection means also serves as the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5, and the water leakage detection means 6. The Brillouin scattering detection means may be connected to one optical fiber cable without connecting an optical path splitter.

以上の光ファイバケーブルはシングルモードファイバとすることが検知の感度と検知箇所の位置の特定のために好ましい。ワイヤーは引っ張り強度を得るためにテンションメンバを有しても良く、検知精度を著しく落とさない程度に外層を被覆しても良い。また、光ファイバケーブル自身も必要に応じてテンションメンバを有しても良い。   The above optical fiber cable is preferably a single mode fiber in order to specify detection sensitivity and detection position. The wire may have a tension member to obtain tensile strength, and may cover the outer layer to such an extent that the detection accuracy is not significantly reduced. Further, the optical fiber cable itself may have a tension member as necessary.

また、防災受信機2の警報発生手段7は配線9で警報器10と接続され、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6で検知した異常信号を受けたとき、警報器10に警報発生を指示するようになっている。
また、異常内容及び異常発生箇所を外部へ報知する防災受信機2の報知手段8は外部にある警備員室、消防署、警察署等の関係部所と通信線11で接続され、異常信号を受けたとき、異常の内容及び異常箇所の情報を関係部所へ報知するようになっている。本例では、報知手段8による外部への報知は通信線11を介して行うようになっているが、無線で行われるようにしてもよい。
なお、侵入を検知して警報を発する場合は、防災受信機2において、人が立ち入らない時間帯あるいは許可された者が立ち入っていないときに侵入と判断して警報器10に警報発生を指示し、また、報知手段8は通信線11で接続された関係部所に報知する。
Further, the alarm generating means 7 of the disaster prevention receiver 2 is connected to the alarm device 10 by the wiring 9, and when the abnormal signal detected by the fire detecting means 4, the intrusion detecting means 5 and the water leakage detecting means 6 is received, An alarm is issued.
Further, the notification means 8 of the disaster prevention receiver 2 for notifying the outside of the abnormality content and the location where the abnormality has occurred is connected to the external security room, fire department, police station, and other related parts via the communication line 11 and receives an abnormality signal. When this happens, the contents of the abnormality and the information on the abnormal part are notified to the relevant part. In this example, notification to the outside by the notification means 8 is performed via the communication line 11, but may be performed wirelessly.
When an alarm is issued upon detection of an intrusion, the disaster prevention receiver 2 determines that an intrusion has occurred during a time period when no person enters or when a permitted person does not enter, and instructs the alarm device 10 to generate an alarm. In addition, the notification means 8 notifies the relevant part connected by the communication line 11.

このように構成された火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの施工にあっては、防災受信機2をビル、家屋、工場、スマートハウス、データセンターなどの建造物の適宜の場所に設置し、光ファイバケーブル1を建造物内あるいは外における監視区域に、満遍なく且つ一筆書き状に敷設する。例えば、建造物の出入り口から続く監視の必要とされる通路、部屋などに、監視内容に応じて床、壁、天井といった箇所に張り巡らせるように敷設する。警報発生手段7に接続されている警報器10は建造物に設置しておく必要はなく、建造物から離れた場所、例えば警備員室などに設置してもよい。敷設した光ファイバケーブル1の先端には終端器12が取り付けられている。このとき、ワイヤーは検知が速やかにかつ検知箇所の特定を高分解能に精度良く行われるように、通路に対して密に配線されるように蛇行して設けられても良い。侵入者の歩行による床の振動や歪みを感知するため床または通路へ配線し敷設するのがより好ましい。ワイヤーを敷設する場合は、火災と侵入を感知するためにできるだけ床や通路の表面に近いところに敷設するのが良い。床材の表層下部にワイヤーを敷設するとき、表層に固定されるように敷設する。このようにすることで、侵入者の振動や歪みを高感度に感知できる。なお、温度変化による表層のストレスをワイヤーに伝達しないように表層に固定されていない箇所を設けても良い。   For the construction of fire detection, intrusion, water leakage, etc. detection and notification systems constructed in this way, the disaster prevention receiver 2 is installed at an appropriate place in a building such as a building, house, factory, smart house, or data center. Then, the optical fiber cable 1 is laid evenly and in a single stroke in a monitoring area inside or outside the building. For example, it is laid in a passage, a room, or the like that requires monitoring from the entrance and exit of a building so as to stretch around places such as a floor, a wall, and a ceiling according to the monitoring contents. The alarm device 10 connected to the alarm generation means 7 does not need to be installed in the building, and may be installed in a place away from the building, for example, a security guard room. A terminator 12 is attached to the tip of the laid optical fiber cable 1. At this time, the wire may be provided meandering so as to be densely wired with respect to the passage so that the detection can be performed quickly and the detection location can be accurately specified with high resolution. It is more preferable to wire and lay the floor or passage to detect the vibration and distortion of the floor due to the intruder walking. When laying wires, it is better to lay as close to the floor or passageway surface as possible to detect fire and intrusion. When laying the wire under the surface layer of the flooring, lay it so that it is fixed to the surface layer. By doing so, it is possible to sense the vibration and distortion of the intruder with high sensitivity. In addition, you may provide the location which is not fixed to the surface layer so that the stress of the surface layer by a temperature change may not be transmitted to a wire.

図7は、本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムを建造物18へ施工した一例を示す説明図であり、本例では、防災受信機2及び警報器10を建造物18の適宜の場所に設置し、光ファイバケーブル1をバンドルしたワイヤーを建造物18の出入り口19から続く監視の必要とされる通路20に、満遍なく密に配線されるように蛇行し且つ一筆書き状に敷設している。   FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an example in which the detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention is applied to the building 18. In this example, the disaster prevention receiver 2 and the alarm device 10 are connected to the building 18. The wire bundled with the optical fiber cable 1 is meandered so as to be evenly densely routed from the entrance / exit 19 of the building 18 to the passage 20 required for monitoring, and in a single stroke. Laid.

以上のように構成される火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムは、検知用の光ファイバケーブル1を敷設した建造物内あるいは外における監視区域で火災が発生した場合、光ファイバケーブル1からの後方散乱光を受光した火災検知手段4が温度を測定して火災と判断される温度を検知するとともに加熱された場所を特定することにより、火災と火災箇所を検知して異常信号を警報発生手段7および報知手段8に発信し、異常信号を受けた警報発生手段7は警報器10に警報発生を指示し、報知手段8は外部にある警備員室、消防署等の関係部所へ火災と火災箇所を報知する。   The fire and intrusion / leakage detection / notification system configured as described above can be used from the optical fiber cable 1 when a fire occurs in the monitoring area inside or outside the building where the optical fiber cable 1 is installed. The fire detection means 4 that received the backscattered light measures the temperature and detects the temperature that is judged to be a fire, and by identifying the heated location, detects the fire and the fire location and generates an alarm signal The alarm generation means 7 which has transmitted to the means 7 and the notification means 8 and received the abnormal signal instructs the alarm device 10 to generate an alarm, and the notification means 8 causes a fire to a related place such as a guard room or a fire station outside. Notify the fire location.

また、侵入があった場合、検知用の光ファイバケーブル1からの後方散乱光を受光した侵入検知手段5が歪みを検知するとともに歪みが発生した場所を特定することにより、侵入と侵入箇所を検知して異常信号を警報発生手段7および報知手段8に発信し、異常信号を受けた警報発生手段7は警報器10に警報発生を指示し、報知手段8は外部にある警備員室、警察署等の関係部所へ侵入と侵入箇所を報知する。   When there is an intrusion, the intrusion detection means 5 that receives the backscattered light from the detection optical fiber cable 1 detects the distortion and identifies the location where the distortion has occurred, thereby detecting the intrusion and the intrusion location. Then, the abnormal signal is transmitted to the alarm generating means 7 and the notifying means 8, and the alarm generating means 7 which has received the abnormal signal instructs the alarm device 10 to generate an alarm, and the notifying means 8 is an external security guard room, police station. The intrusion and the intrusion location are notified to the related parts such as.

また、漏水があった場合、検知用の光ファイバケーブル1からの後方散乱光を受光した漏水検知手段6が歪みを検知するとともに歪みが発生した場所を特定することにより、漏水と漏水箇所を検知して異常信号を警報発生手段7および報知手段8に発信し、異常信号を受けた警報発生手段7は警報器10に警報発生を指示し、報知手段8は外部にある警備員室等の関係部所へ漏水と漏水箇所を報知する。   Further, when there is water leakage, the water leakage detection means 6 that receives the backscattered light from the detection optical fiber cable 1 detects the distortion and identifies the location where the distortion has occurred, thereby detecting the water leakage and the water leakage location. Then, an abnormal signal is transmitted to the alarm generating means 7 and the notifying means 8, and the alarm generating means 7 that has received the abnormal signal instructs the alarm device 10 to generate an alarm, and the notifying means 8 is related to a guard room outside. Notify the department of water leaks and locations.

このように、火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムによれば、火災、侵入、漏水等を確実に検知でき、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6で検知した異常信号を受け、警報発生手段7が警報器10に警報発生を指示し、報知手段8が異常信号に応じた異常内容及び異常発生箇所を外部へ報知するので、速やかな防災活動が可能となる。このとき、異常発生箇所を監視カメラ(図示せず)で撮影し警備員室でモニターすることで、異常発生箇所の状況を速やかに確認することができ、速やかに必要な防災対応をとることができ、また、誤報であった場合は警報を解除することができる。誤報であった場合は、通信線11を介して防災受信機を復旧することもできる。   Thus, according to the detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc., it is possible to reliably detect fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc., and the abnormal signal detected by the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5, and the water leakage detection means 6 In response, the alarm generation means 7 instructs the alarm device 10 to generate an alarm, and the notification means 8 notifies the abnormality content and the location where the abnormality occurred according to the abnormality signal to the outside, so that prompt disaster prevention activities are possible. At this time, by photographing the location of the abnormality with a surveillance camera (not shown) and monitoring it in the security guard room, the situation of the location of the abnormality can be quickly confirmed and necessary disaster prevention measures can be taken promptly. It is possible to cancel the alarm if it is a false alarm. If it is a false report, the disaster prevention receiver can be restored via the communication line 11.

また、火災、不法侵入、漏水等を検知する機能を少なくとも1本の光ファイバケーブルで統合してワイヤーとして行えるようにしたので、建造物への配線などの敷設作業を容易にするとともに、システムの簡素化、小型化、省スペース化が図れる。   In addition, the function to detect fires, illegal intrusions, water leaks, etc. is integrated with at least one optical fiber cable so that it can be used as a wire. Simplification, miniaturization, and space saving can be achieved.

次に、本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの実施例を説明する。
(第1実施例)
図1は本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第1実施例を示すものである。
本例では、光ファイバケーブル1は、火災による温度、侵入、漏水の検知用の1本の光ファイバケーブル1aで構成されたワイヤーで、防災受信機2に有する火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検手段6に接続されている。
本例では、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検手段6を有するブリルアン散乱を利用する検知方法であるブリルアン散乱検知手段3を利用している。
Next, an embodiment of a detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention will be described.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention.
In this example, the optical fiber cable 1 is a wire composed of a single optical fiber cable 1a for detecting temperature, intrusion, and water leakage due to fire, and includes a fire detection means 4 and an intrusion detection means 5 included in the disaster prevention receiver 2. , Connected to the water leakage detection means 6.
In this example, the Brillouin scattering detection means 3 which is a detection method using Brillouin scattering having the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5, and the water leakage detection means 6 is used.

本例では、光ファイバケーブル1を構成する光ファイバケーブル1aを被覆している透水性の外被覆14の内部の断面において、断面の周方向の一部に、吸水することにより膨張性或いは収縮性のある高分子系吸水材15が光ファイバ1gに沿って光ファイバケーブル1aの長手方向に配置されている。また、高分子系吸水材15の軸対称位置に、光ファイバケーブル1aの長手方向に間欠的に不変形部材16が配置されている(図2,図3参照。)。   In this example, in the cross section inside the water-permeable outer coating 14 covering the optical fiber cable 1a that constitutes the optical fiber cable 1, it is expandable or contractible by absorbing water into a part of the circumferential direction of the cross section. A polymer water-absorbing material 15 is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1a along the optical fiber 1g. In addition, the non-deformable member 16 is intermittently disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1a at the axially symmetric position of the polymer water-absorbing material 15 (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

さらに詳細には、光ファイバケーブル1aの断面のうち中心軸から外被覆14に向かって高分子系吸水材15が配置され、外被覆14内の断面積の30%以上70%以下が高分子系吸水材15で残りの断面積が水によって膨潤しない或いは収縮しない部材17となっている。このように構成することにより、高分子系吸水材15の吸水によって光ファイバケーブル1aを曲げる力を発生させ、光ファイバケーブル1aに曲げストレスを与えて光ファイバケーブル1aに歪みを発生させ、あるいは曲げによる光ファイバケーブル1aの伝送損失を増加させて漏水を検知する。そして、不変形部材16によって光ファイバケーブル1aにより強く曲げや歪みを発生させることにより検知精度を高めている。
なお、第一実施例の光ファイバケーブル1aは、後述する侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1c、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1eと構造的には一緒である。
More specifically, the polymer water-absorbing material 15 is disposed from the central axis toward the outer coating 14 in the cross section of the optical fiber cable 1a, and 30% to 70% of the cross-sectional area in the outer coating 14 is polymer-based. The remaining cross-sectional area of the water absorbing material 15 is a member 17 that does not swell or shrink due to water. With such a configuration, a force that bends the optical fiber cable 1a due to water absorption of the polymer water-absorbing material 15 is generated, and bending stress is applied to the optical fiber cable 1a to cause distortion in the optical fiber cable 1a. The leakage of water is detected by increasing the transmission loss of the optical fiber cable 1a. The detection accuracy is enhanced by causing the optical fiber cable 1a to be strongly bent and distorted by the non-deformable member 16.
The optical fiber cable 1a of the first embodiment is structurally the same as an optical fiber cable 1c for detecting intrusion and water leakage described later and an optical fiber cable 1e for detecting water leak.

本例では、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6を有するブリルアン散乱検知手段3を利用しており、火災検知はブリルアン散乱の後方散乱光強度を測定して温度を検知する機能から火災を検知し、侵入検知はブリルアン周波数シフト量を測定して歪みを検知し侵入者がワイヤーを踏んだときなどの光ファイバケーブルの歪みから侵入を検知し、漏水検知は漏水を吸水して膨張あるいは収縮する高分子系吸水材15によって光ファイバ1gが変形し光ファイバ1gの内部ストレスの歪みから漏水を検知する。   In this example, the Brillouin scattering detection means 3 having the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 is used, and the fire detection is a function of detecting the temperature by measuring the backscattered light intensity of the Brillouin scattering. The intrusion detection detects the distortion by measuring the Brillouin frequency shift amount, detects the intrusion from the distortion of the optical fiber cable such as when the intruder steps on the wire, and the water leak detection absorbs the water leak The optical fiber 1g is deformed by the polymer water-absorbing material 15 that expands or contracts, and water leakage is detected from the distortion of the internal stress of the optical fiber 1g.

このように構成される第1実施例によれば、建造物への光ファイバケーブル1を有するワイヤーの敷設作業を容易にするとともに、システムの簡素化、小型化、小スペース化を図ることができる。
また、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6はいずれもブリルアン散乱を検知方法に利用しているので、火災検知手段4、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6を1台の検知手段として構成することができ、これにより、敷設が簡単となり、一層の省スペース化と、前記防災受信機の小型化が図れる。
According to the first embodiment configured as described above, the work of laying the wire having the optical fiber cable 1 to the building can be facilitated, and the system can be simplified, reduced in size, and reduced in space. .
Further, since the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 all use Brillouin scattering as the detection method, the fire detection means 4, the intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 are detected as one unit. It can be configured as a means, whereby the installation is simplified, and further space saving and miniaturization of the disaster prevention receiver can be achieved.

(第2実施例)
図4は本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第2実施例を示すものである。
本例では光ファイバケーブル1は、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1bと、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1cがバンドルされて1本のワイヤーに構成され、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1bにラマン散乱を利用した火災検知手段4が接続され、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1cに侵入検知手段5と漏水検知手段6となるレイリー散乱検知手段が接続されている。なお、火災検知手段4とレイリー散乱検知手段は光路分岐器を介して光ファイバケーブル1cに接続して、光ファイバケーブル1cを光ファイバケーブル1bとして利用しても良い。これにより、光ファイバケーブルの使用本数を減らし、省スペース、小型化ができる。
(Second embodiment)
FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage and the like according to the present invention.
In this example, the optical fiber cable 1 is configured as a single wire bundled with an optical fiber cable 1b for detecting temperature due to fire and an optical fiber cable 1c for detecting intrusion and leakage of water. Fire detection means 4 utilizing Raman scattering is connected to the optical fiber cable 1b for use, and Rayleigh scattering detection means serving as the intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 are connected to the optical fiber cable 1c for detection of intrusion and water leakage. ing. The fire detection means 4 and the Rayleigh scattering detection means may be connected to the optical fiber cable 1c via an optical path branching device, and the optical fiber cable 1c may be used as the optical fiber cable 1b. As a result, the number of optical fiber cables used can be reduced, and space saving and downsizing can be achieved.

また、本例にあっても第1実施例と同様に、光ファイバケーブル1cの外被覆に膨張性或いは収縮性のある高分子系吸水材が光ファイバケーブル1cの長手方向に配置され、また、高分子系吸水材の軸対称位置に、光ファイバケーブル1cの長手方向に間欠的に不変形部材が配置されている。
本例では、火災検知手段4はラマン散乱のアンチストークス光を検知方法に利用し、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6はいずれもレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用している。
他の構成は第1実施例と同様なので、同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。
このように構成される第2実施例によれば、特に、火災の発生と発生箇所を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、侵入と漏水の発生および発生箇所をより高分解能で検知できる。
Further, even in this example, as in the first example, a polymer-based water-absorbing material having an expandable or contractible property is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1c in the outer sheath of the optical fiber cable 1c. Non-deformable members are intermittently disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1c at the axially symmetric position of the polymer water-absorbing material.
In this example, the fire detection means 4 uses anti-Stokes light of Raman scattering for the detection method, and both the intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 use Rayleigh scattering for the detection method.
Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
According to the second embodiment configured in this way, in particular, it is possible to detect the occurrence and occurrence of fire quickly and with higher resolution, and it is possible to detect the occurrence and occurrence of intrusion and water leakage with higher resolution. .

(第3実施例)
図5は本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第3実施例を示すものである。
本例では、光ファイバケーブル1は、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1bと、侵入の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1dと、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1eがバンドルされて1本のワイヤーに構成され、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1bに火災検知手段4が、侵入の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1dに侵入検知手段5が、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1eに漏水検知手段6がそれぞれ接続されている。
(Third embodiment)
FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention.
In this example, the optical fiber cable 1 is a bundle of an optical fiber cable 1b for detecting temperature due to fire, an optical fiber cable 1d for detecting intrusion, and an optical fiber cable 1e for detecting water leakage. Fire detection means 4 is constructed in a wire, optical fiber cable 1b for detecting temperature due to fire, intrusion detection means 5 in optical fiber cable 1d for intrusion detection, and leak in optical fiber cable 1e for water leakage detection. Detection means 6 are connected to each other.

また、本例にあっても第1実施例と同様に、光ファイバケーブル1eの被覆に膨張性或いは収縮性のある高分子系吸水材が光ファイバケーブル1eの長手方向に配置され、また、高分子系吸水材の軸対称位置に、光ファイバケーブル1eの長手方向に間欠的に不変形部材が配置されている、
本例では、火災検知手段4はラマン散乱を検知方法に利用し、侵入検知手段5、漏水検知手段6はいずれもレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用している。
他の構成は第1実施例と同様なので、同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。
このように構成される第3実施例によれば、特に、火災の発生と発生箇所を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、侵入と漏水の発生および発生箇所をより高分解能で検知できる。
Also in this example, similarly to the first example, a polymeric water-absorbing material having an expandable or shrinkable property is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1e in the coating of the optical fiber cable 1e. The invariant member is intermittently disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1e at the axially symmetric position of the molecular water-absorbing material.
In this example, the fire detection means 4 uses Raman scattering for the detection method, and the intrusion detection means 5 and the water leakage detection means 6 both use Rayleigh scattering for the detection method.
Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
According to the third embodiment configured in this manner, in particular, it is possible to detect the occurrence and occurrence of a fire quickly and with higher resolution, and it is possible to detect the occurrence and occurrence of intrusion and water leakage with higher resolution. .

(第4実施例)
図6は本発明に係る火災、侵入、漏水等の検知及び報知システムの第4実施例を示すものである。
本例では、第3実施例と同様に、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1bと、侵入の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1fと、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1eがバンドルされて1本のワイヤーに構成され、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1bに火災検知手段4が、侵入の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1fに侵入検知手段5が、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル1eに漏水検知手段6が接続されている。
(Fourth embodiment)
FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to the present invention.
In this example, as in the third embodiment, an optical fiber cable 1b for detecting temperature due to fire, an optical fiber cable 1f for detecting intrusion, and an optical fiber cable 1e for detecting water leakage are bundled 1 The optical fiber cable 1e is composed of a wire, the fire detecting means 4 is provided in the optical fiber cable 1b for detecting the temperature due to fire, the intrusion detecting means 5 is provided in the optical fiber cable 1f for detecting intrusion, and the optical fiber cable 1e for detecting water leakage. The water leakage detection means 6 is connected to the.

また、本例にあっても第1実施例と同様に、光ファイバケーブル1eを被覆している外被覆に膨張性或いは収縮性のある高分子系吸水材が光ファイバケーブル1eの長手方向に配置され、また、高分子系吸水材の軸対称位置に、光ファイバケーブル1eの長手方向に間欠的に不変形部材が配置されている。
本例では、火災検知手段4はラマン散乱のアンチストークス光を検知方法に利用し、侵入検知手段5は光ファイバリング干渉型による検知方法に利用し、漏水検知手段6はレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用している。
Also in this example, as in the first embodiment, a polymeric water-absorbing material that is expandable or contractible is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1e on the outer sheath covering the optical fiber cable 1e. In addition, the non-deformable member is intermittently arranged in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable 1e at the axially symmetric position of the polymer water-absorbing material.
In this example, the fire detection means 4 uses Raman scattering anti-Stokes light for the detection method, the intrusion detection means 5 uses the optical fiber ring interference type detection method, and the water leakage detection means 6 uses Rayleigh scattering as the detection method. We are using.

また、2本の光ファイバケーブル1fの光ファイバリング型センサ終端器21の内部では、ボビン(図示せず)に巻回された所定の長さの光ファイバ22の両端に2本の光ファイバケーブル1fの各端部がそれぞれ接続されている。所定の長さの光ファイバ22は光ファイバリング干渉型において振動を感知する箇所の不感知箇所を発生させないために接続されている。所定の長さは敷設時の光ファイバケーブル1fの長さなどの条件による設計によって求められる。本例では2Kmの長さの光ファイバ22を接続する。また、本例では光ファイバリング型センサ終端器21の中に光ファイバボビンを設置しているが、設置場所は光ファイバリング型センサ終端器21に限らず不感知箇所をなくす位置であれば、どの位置でも良い。   Further, inside the optical fiber ring type sensor terminator 21 of the two optical fiber cables 1f, two optical fiber cables are provided at both ends of an optical fiber 22 having a predetermined length wound around a bobbin (not shown). Each end of 1f is connected. The optical fiber 22 having a predetermined length is connected so as not to generate a non-sensing portion where vibration is sensed in the optical fiber ring interference type. The predetermined length is obtained by designing according to conditions such as the length of the optical fiber cable 1f at the time of laying. In this example, an optical fiber 22 having a length of 2 km is connected. Moreover, in this example, although the optical fiber bobbin is installed in the optical fiber ring type sensor terminator 21, the installation location is not limited to the optical fiber ring type sensor terminator 21, and if it is a position that eliminates a non-sensing location, Any position is acceptable.

なお、本例において、2本の光ファイバケーブル1fの1本について光路分岐器を介して防災受信器2に有する火災検知手段4と侵入検知手段5に接続されていてもよい。この場合、ラマン散乱の火災検知手段4に接続される光ファイバケーブル1bを、光ファイバリング干渉型の侵入検知手段5に接続される光ファイバケーブル1fに置き換えて利用できるため、光ファイバの使用本数を減らし、敷設を容易にすることができる。
他の構成は第1実施例と同様なので、同一の符号を付し、説明を省略する。
このように構成される第4実施例によれば、火災の発生と発生箇所を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、侵入を速やかに且つより高分解能で検知でき、また、漏水の発生および発生箇所をより高分解能で検知できる。
In this example, one of the two optical fiber cables 1f may be connected to the fire detection means 4 and the intrusion detection means 5 included in the disaster prevention receiver 2 via an optical path branching device. In this case, since the optical fiber cable 1b connected to the Raman scattering fire detection means 4 can be replaced with the optical fiber cable 1f connected to the optical fiber ring interference type intrusion detection means 5, the number of optical fibers used can be reduced. Can be reduced and laying can be facilitated.
Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.
According to the fourth embodiment configured as described above, the occurrence and location of a fire can be detected quickly and with higher resolution, and the intrusion can be detected quickly and with higher resolution. And the occurrence location can be detected with higher resolution.

1 光ファイバケーブル
1a 火災による温度、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル
1b 火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブル
1c 侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル
1d 侵入の検知用の光ファイバケーブル
1e 漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブル
1f 侵入の検知用の光ファイバケーブル
1g 光ファイバ
2 防災受信機
3 ブリルアン検知手段
4 火災検知手段
5 侵入検知手段
6 漏水検知手段
7 警報発生手段
8 報知手段
9 配線
10 警報器
11 通信線
12 終端器
14 外被覆
15 高分子系吸水材
16 不変形部材
17 水によって膨潤しない或いは収縮しない部材
18 建造物
19 出入り口
20 通路
21 光ファイバリング型センサ終端器
22 光ファイバ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Optical fiber cable 1a Optical fiber cable 1b for temperature, intrusion, and leak detection by fire Optical fiber cable 1c for temperature detection by fire Optical fiber cable 1d for intrusion and leak detection Optical fiber cable for intrusion detection 1e Optical fiber cable 1f for leak detection Optical fiber cable 1g for intrusion detection Optical fiber 2 Disaster prevention receiver 3 Brillouin detection means 4 Fire detection means 5 Intrusion detection means 6 Water leak detection means 7 Alarm generation means 8 Notification means 9 Wiring DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Alarm device 11 Communication line 12 Terminator 14 Outer coating 15 Polymer type water absorbing material 16 Non-deformable member 17 Member which does not swell or shrink by water 18 Building 19 Entrance / exit 20 Passage 21 Optical fiber ring type sensor terminator 22 Optical fiber

Claims (9)

火災による温度、侵入、漏水を検知する少なくとも1本の光ファイバケーブルを有した1本のワイヤーを備え、前記ワイヤーは監視する所定の箇所に敷設され、また、前記光ファイバケーブルと接続する防災受信機とを備え、
前記防災受信機は、前記光ファイバケーブルに接続されて火災による温度を検知する火災検知手段、侵入を検知する侵入検知手段、漏水を検知する漏水検知手段と、前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段で検知した異常信号を受け、警報を発する警報発生手段と、異常信号に応じた異常内容及び異常発生箇所を外部へ報知する報知手段を有していることを特徴とする火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。
Disaster prevention reception provided with one wire having at least one optical fiber cable for detecting temperature, intrusion, and water leakage due to fire, the wire being laid at a predetermined location to be monitored, and connected to the optical fiber cable Equipped with a machine,
The disaster prevention receiver is connected to the optical fiber cable to detect a fire temperature, a fire detecting means for detecting intrusion, an intrusion detecting means for detecting intrusion, a water leak detecting means for detecting water leakage, the fire detecting means, and the intrusion detecting means. A fire characterized by having an alarm generating means for receiving an abnormality signal detected by the water leakage detection means and issuing an alarm, and an informing means for notifying the outside of the abnormality content and the abnormality occurrence location according to the abnormality signal Intrusion, leak detection and notification system.
前記ワイヤーの前記光ファイバケーブルは1本で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   The said optical fiber cable of the said wire is comprised by one, The detection and alerting | reporting system of fire, intrusion, water leak, etc. of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. 前記光ファイバケーブルは、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブルと、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブルが前記ワイヤーにバンドルされて1本に構成され、火災による温度の検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記火災検知手段が接続され、侵入、漏水の検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記侵入検知手段と前記漏水検知手段が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   The optical fiber cable is composed of an optical fiber cable for detecting a temperature due to a fire and an optical fiber cable for detecting an intrusion / leakage of water that is bundled with the wire, and an optical fiber for detecting a temperature due to a fire. The fire, intrusion, or intrusion according to claim 1, wherein the fire detection means is connected to a cable, and the intrusion detection means and the water leakage detection means are connected to an optical fiber cable for detection of intrusion or water leakage. Leakage detection and notification system. 前記光ファイバケーブルは、火災による温度、侵入、漏水のそれぞれの検知用の複数の光ファイバケーブルが前記ワイヤーにバンドルされて1本に構成され、火災による温度、侵入、漏水のそれぞれの検知用の光ファイバケーブルに前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段が別々に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   The optical fiber cable includes a plurality of optical fiber cables for detecting temperature, intrusion, and water leakage caused by a fire, bundled with the wire, and is configured to be one for detecting each of temperature, intrusion, and water leak caused by a fire. The fire, intrusion, water leak detection and notification system according to claim 1, wherein the fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leakage detection means are separately connected to an optical fiber cable. 前記防災受信機に有する前記火災検知手段、前記侵入検知手段、前記漏水検知手段は、いずれもブリルアン散乱を検知方法に利用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   5. The fire detection means, the intrusion detection means, and the water leakage detection means of the disaster prevention receiver all use Brillouin scattering for the detection method. 6. 1. Detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to item 1. 前記防災受信機に有する前記火災検知手段はラマン散乱を検知方法に利用するものであり、前記侵入検知手段及び前記漏水検知手段はレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   The fire detection means included in the disaster prevention receiver uses Raman scattering as a detection method, and the intrusion detection means and the water leakage detection means use Rayleigh scattering as a detection method. The detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 前記防災受信機に有する前記火災検知手段はラマン散乱を検知方法に利用するものであり、前記侵入検知手段は光ファイバリング干渉型を検知方法に利用するものであり、前記漏水検知手段はレイリー散乱を検知方法に利用するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   The fire detection means included in the disaster prevention receiver uses Raman scattering as a detection method, the intrusion detection means uses an optical fiber ring interference type as a detection method, and the water leakage detection means includes Rayleigh scattering. The detection and notification system for fire, intrusion, water leakage, etc. according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the detection system is used for a detection method. 前記光ファイバケーブルを構成する漏水を検知する光ファイバケーブルの断面において、断面の周方向の一部に、膨張性或いは収縮性のある高分子系吸水材が光ファイバケーブルの長手方向に配置され、高分子系吸水材の軸対称位置に、光ファイバケーブルの長手方向に間欠的に不変形部材が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知および報知システム。   In the cross section of the optical fiber cable that detects water leakage constituting the optical fiber cable, in a part of the circumferential direction of the cross section, an expandable or contractible polymer water-absorbing material is disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable, The fire according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a non-deformable member is intermittently disposed in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber cable at an axially symmetric position of the polymer water-absorbing material. Intrusion, leak detection and notification system. 前記ワイヤーは検知する所定の箇所の床に敷設されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の火災、侵入、漏水等の検知システム。
The fire, intrusion, water leak detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the wire is laid on a floor at a predetermined location to be detected.
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