JP2016523272A - フタラジン誘導体 - Google Patents
フタラジン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016523272A JP2016523272A JP2016522300A JP2016522300A JP2016523272A JP 2016523272 A JP2016523272 A JP 2016523272A JP 2016522300 A JP2016522300 A JP 2016522300A JP 2016522300 A JP2016522300 A JP 2016522300A JP 2016523272 A JP2016523272 A JP 2016523272A
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Classifications
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- C07D237/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
- A61K31/502—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. cinnoline, phthalazine
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- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、有益な特性を有する新規化合物、特に医薬の調製のために用いることができるものを発見するという目的を有した。
PARP阻害剤は、M. Rouleau et al. in Nature Reviews, Volume 10, 293-301により、臨床的な癌研究において記載されている(表2、298頁)。
本発明は特に、タンキラーゼ1および2を阻害する式Iで表される化合物、これらの化合物を含む組成物、ならびに、TANKにより誘導される疾患および愁訴の処置のためのそれらの使用方法に関する。
ホストまたは患者は、任意の哺乳動物種に属していてよく、例えば霊長類種、特にヒト;マウス、ラットおよびハムスターを含むげっ歯類;ウサギ;ウマ、ウシ、イヌ、ネコなどである。動物モデルは、実験的研究のために重要であり、ヒトの疾患の処置のためのモデルを提供する。
E. Wahlberg et al., Nature Biotechnology (2012), 30(3), 283。
M. Elagawany et al.はBioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23 (2013) 2007-2013において、化合物
この化合物は、タンキラーゼの阻害においては、不活性である。
他のタンキラーゼ阻害剤が、WO 2013/012723、WO 2013/010092において、およびWO 2013/082217において記載されている。
R1は、H、Hal、CH3、OCH3またはCH2OHを示し、
Xは、ArまたはCycを示し、
Arは、フェニル、ビフェニルまたはナフチル、これらのそれぞれは非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、A、[C(R2)2]pOR2、S(O)mR2、[C(R2)2]pN(R2)2、[C(R2)2]pCOOR2、[C(R2)2]pCON(R2)2、[C(R2)2]pSO2N(R2)2、NR2COR2、NR2SO2R2、NR2CON(R2)2、NHCOOA、O[C(R2)2]nN(R2)2、CHOおよび/またはCOAにより単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示し、
R2は、HまたはAを示し、
Aは、1〜10個のC原子を有する、非分枝または分枝のアルキル、ここで、2つの隣接する炭素原子は、二重結合を形成していてもよく、および/または1つまたは2つの非隣接のCH基および/またはCH2基はN原子、O原子および/またはS原子により置き換えられていてもよく、およびここで1〜7個のH原子はF、Clおよび/またはOHにより置き換えられていてもよい、を示し、
Cycは、3、4、5、6または7個のC原子を有するシクロアルキルを示し、
Halは、F、Cl、BrまたはIを示し、
mは、0、1または2を示し、
nは、1、2または3を示し、
pは、0、1、2、3または4を示す、
で表される化合物、ならびにその薬学的に許容可能な塩、互変異性体および立体異性体、ならびに全ての比率でのその混合物に関する。
さらには、本発明は、式Iで表される化合物の薬学的に許容可能な誘導体に関する。
本発明はまた、塩の溶媒和物にも関すると、理解される。
用語、薬学的に許容し得る誘導体とは、例えば、本発明による化合物の塩を、およびいわゆるプロドラッグ化合物をも意味するものと解される。
さらに、表現「治療有効量」は、この量を投与されていない対応する対象と比較して、以下の結果を有する量を表す:疾患、症候群、状態、愁訴、障害または副作用の、処置改善、治癒、予防または除去、あるいは、疾患、愁訴または障害の進行の低減。
表現「治療有効量」はまた、正常な生理学的機能を亢進させるために有効な量を包含する。
それらは、特に好ましくは、立体異性体化合物の混合物である。
「互変異性体」とは、化合物の異性体形態であって、互いに平衡にあるものを指す。異性体形態の濃度は、化合物が見出される環境に依存し、例えば、化合物が固体であるのか、または有機性もしくは水性の溶液中のものであるのかに依存して異なり得る。
式II
で表される化合物を、
式III
およびLはCl、Br、Iまたは遊離の、もしくは反応性に官能的修飾されたOH基を示す、
で表される化合物と反応させること、
および/または
式Iで表される塩基または酸をその塩へと変換すること、
を特徴とする、前記方法に関する。
Aは、アルキル、これは非分枝(直鎖)または分枝であり、かつ2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10個のC原子を有する、を示す。Aは好ましくは、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチルまたはtert−ブチルを、さらにはペンチル、1−、2−または3−メチルブチル、1,1−、1,2−または2,2−ジメチルプロピル、1−エチルプロピル、ヘキシル、1−、2−、3−または4−メチルペンチル、1,1−、1,2−、1,3−、2,2−、2,3−または3,3−ジメチルブチル、1−または2−エチルブチル、1−エチル−1−メチルプロピル、1−エチル−2−メチルプロピル、1,1,2−または1,2,2−トリメチルプロピルもまた、さらに好ましくは例えば、トリフルオロメチルを示す。
Aは非常に特に好ましくは、2、3、4、5または6個のC原子を有するアルキルを、好ましくはエチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル,tert−ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、トリフルオロメチル、ペンタフルオロエチルまたは1,1,1−トリフルオロエチルを示す。
さらには、Aは好ましくは、CH2OCH3、CH2CH2OHまたはCH2CH2OCH3を示す。
R2は好ましくは、H、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチルまたはトリフルオロメチルを示す。
Arは好ましくは、ペンチル、これは非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、Aおよび/または[C(R2)2]pOR2により単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示す。
pは好ましくは、0、1または2を示す。
Halは好ましくは、F、ClまたはBrを、ならびにIを、特に好ましくはFまたはClを示す。
Cycは好ましくは、シクロペンチルまたはシクロヘキシルを示す。
式Iで表される化合物は、1または2以上のキラル中心を有していてもよく、したがって、多様な立体異性体形態で現れ得る。式Iは、全てのこれらの形態を包含する。
Iaにおいて、R1は、H、HalまたはCH3を示す;
Ibにおいて、Arは、フェニル、これは非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、Aおよび/または[C(R2)2]pOR2により単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示す;
Icにおいて、Aは、1〜6個のC原子を有する、非分枝または分枝のアルキル、ここで1〜5個のH原子はFにより置き換えられていてもよい、を示す;
Idにおいて、R1は、H、HalまたはCH3を示し、
Arは、フェニル、これは非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、Aおよび/または[C(R2)2]pOR2により単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示し、
R2は、HまたはAを示し、
Aは、1〜6個のC原子を有する、非分枝または分枝のアルキル、ここで1〜5個のH原子はHにより置き換えられていてもよい、を示し、
Halは、F、Cl、BrまたはIを示し、
pは、0、1、2、3または4を示す、
ならびにそれらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、互変異性体および立体異性体、ならびに全ての比率でのそれらの混合物である。
式Iで表される化合物は好ましくは、式IIで表される化合物を式IIIで表される化合物を反応させることにより得ることができる。
式IIIで表される化合物において、Lは好ましくはCl、Br、Iまたは遊離または反応性に修飾されたOH基、例えば、活性化エステル、イミダゾリドまたは1〜6個のC原子を有するアルキルスルホニルオキシ(好ましくはメチルスルホニルオキシまたはトリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)または6〜10個のC原子を有するアリールスルホニルオキシ(好ましくはフェニルスルホニルオキシまたはp−トリルスルホニルオキシ)などを示す。
好ましくはカリウム、ナトリウム、カルシウムまたはセシウムである、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩、または該アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の弱酸の他の塩もまた、望ましい。
用いられる条件に依存して、反応時間は数分〜14日であり、反応温度は−30°〜140°、通常は−10°〜90°、特には約0°〜約70°である。
特に好ましいのは、アセトニトリル、1,2−ジクロロエタン、ジクロロメタンおよび/またはDMFである。
本発明による前記化合物は、それらの最終的な非塩形態で用いることができる。一方、本発明はまた、薬学的に許容し得る塩の形態でのこれらの化合物の使用を包含し、これらは、多様な有機および無機の酸および塩基から、当該分野において公知の手順により誘導することができる。式Iで表される化合物の薬学的に許容し得る塩の形態は、大部分、従来の方法により製造される。式Iで表される化合物がカルボキシル基を含む場合、その好適な塩のうちの1つは、当該化合物を好適な塩基と反応させて、対応する塩基付加塩を得ることにより、形成することができる。かかる塩基は、例えば、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウムおよび水酸化リチウムを含むアルカリ金属水酸化物;水酸化バリウムおよび水酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属水酸化物;アルカリ金属アルコキシド、例えばカリウムエトキシドおよびナトリウムプロポキシド;ならびに、例えばピペリジン、ジエタノールアミンおよびN−メチルグルタミンなどの多様な有機塩基である。式Iで表される化合物のアルミニウム塩も、同様に含まれる。ある式Iで表される化合物の場合、これらの化合物を薬学的に許容し得る有機および無機酸、例えば、塩化水素、臭化水素またはヨウ化水素などのハロゲン化水素、硫酸、硝酸またはリン酸などの他の鉱酸およびその対応する塩、ならびに、エタンスルホン酸、トルエンスルホン酸およびベンゼンスルホン酸などのアルキルスルホン酸およびモノアリールスルホン酸、ならびに、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、酒石酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸、クエン酸、安息香酸、サリチル酸、アスコルビン酸などの他の有機酸およびその対応する塩で処理することにより、酸付加塩を形成することができる。したがって、式Iで表される化合物の薬学的に許容し得る酸付加塩として、以下:酢酸塩、アジピン酸塩、アルギン酸塩、アルギナート(arginate)、アスパラギン酸塩、安息香酸塩、ベンゼンスルホン酸塩(ベシラート)、重硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩、臭化物塩、酪酸塩、樟脳酸塩(camphorate)、カンファースルホン酸塩、カプリル酸塩、塩化物塩、クロロ安息香酸塩、クエン酸塩、シクロペンタンプロピオン酸塩、二グルコン酸塩、リン酸二水素塩、ジニトロ安息香酸塩、ドデシル硫酸塩、エタンスルホン酸塩、フマル酸塩、ギ酸塩、ガラクタル酸塩(galacterate)(ムチン酸から)、ガラクツロン酸塩、グルコヘプタン酸塩、グルコン酸塩、グルタミン酸塩、グリセロ硫酸塩、ヘミコハク酸塩、半硫酸塩、ヘプタン酸塩、ヘキサン酸塩、馬尿酸塩、塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、ヨウ化水素酸塩、2−ヒドロキシエタンスルホン酸塩、ヨウ化物塩、イセチオン酸塩、イソ酪酸塩、乳酸塩、ラクトビオン酸塩、リンゴ酸塩、マレイン酸塩、マロン酸塩、マンデル酸塩、メタリン酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、メチル安息香酸塩、一水素リン酸塩(monohydrogenphosphate)、2−ナフタレンスルホン酸塩、ニコチン酸塩、硝酸塩、シュウ酸塩、オレイン酸塩、パルモ酸塩(palmoate)、ペクチン酸塩、過硫酸塩、フェニル酢酸塩、3−フェニルプロピオン酸塩、リン酸塩、ホスホン酸塩、フタル酸塩が挙げられるが、これは限定を表すものではない。
二塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、マレイン酸塩、メシラート、リン酸塩、硫酸塩およびコハク酸塩が特に好ましい。
さらに、式Iで表される化合物は、その同位体標識された形態を含むことが意図される。式Iで表される化合物の同位体標識された形態は、当該化合物の1または2以上の原子が、通常天然に存在する原子の原子質量または質量数とは異なる原子質量または質量数を有する原子により置き換えられているという事実を除いては、この化合物と同一である。容易に市販で入手し得、周知の方法により式Iで表される化合物中に組み込むことができる同位体の例として、水素、炭素、窒素、酸素、リン、フッ素および塩素の同位体、例えばそれぞれ、2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18Fおよび36Clが挙げられる。式Iで表される化合物、そのプロドラッグまたは薬学的に許容し得る塩であって、上述の同位体の1または2以上および/または他の原子の他の同位体を含むものはいずれも、本発明の一部であるものと意図される。同位体標識された式Iで表される化合物は、多数の有益な方法において用いることができる。例として、例えば3Hまたは14Cなどの放射性同位体が組み込まれている同位体標識された式Iで表される化合物は、医薬および/または基質組織分布アッセイのために好適である。これらの放射性同位体、すなわちトリチウム(3H)および炭素14(14C)は、それらの簡易な調製および優れた検出能のために、特に好ましい。より重い同位体、例えば重水素(2H)の式Iで表される化合物中への組み込みは、この同位体標識された化合物のより高い代謝安定性のために、治療的利点を有する。より高い代謝安定性は、直接的に、より長いin vivoでの半減期またはより低い投与量と言い換えられ、これらは、殆どの状況において、本発明の好ましい態様を表すであろう。同位体標識された式Iで表される化合物は、通常は、本文における合成スキームおよび関連する記載において、例のパートにおいて、および調製のパートにおいて開示される手順を、同位体標識されていない反応物を容易に利用可能な同位体標識された反応物で置き換えて行うことにより、調製することができる。
局所投与に適合させた医薬化合物は、軟膏、クリーム、懸濁液、ローション、粉末、溶液、ペースト、ゲル、スプレー、エアロゾルまたはオイルとして処方してもよい。
口における局所投与に適合させた医薬処方物は、ロゼンジ、トローチおよび洗口剤を包含する。
直腸投与に適合させた医薬処方物は、坐剤または浣腸の形態で投与することができる。
膣投与に適合させた医薬処方物は、ペッサリー、タンポン、クリーム、ゲル、ペースト、泡体またはスプレー処方物として投与することができる。
(a)有効量の、式Iで表される化合物および/または、その薬学的に許容し得る塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物
ならびに
(b)有効量の、さらなる医薬活性成分
の別々のパックからなる、セット(キット)に関する。
本発明の化合物は、哺乳動物のため、特にヒトのための、癌、多発性硬化症、心臓血管疾患、中枢神経系傷害および様々な形態の炎症の処置における医薬活性成分として、好適である。
本発明は、癌、多発性硬化症、心臓血管疾患、中枢神経系傷害および様々な形態の炎症の処置または予防のための医薬の調製のための、式Iで表される化合物ならびに/またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、互変異性体および立体異性体の使用を包含する。
炎症性疾患の例として、関節リウマチ、乾癬、接触性皮膚炎、遅延型過敏性反応などが挙げられる。
本発明は特に、タンキラーゼの阻害、制御および/または調節的阻害が役割を果たす疾患の処置のための使用のための、式Iで表される合物またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物に関する。
本発明は特に、癌、多発性硬化症、心臓血管疾患、中枢神経系傷害および様々な形態の炎症の処置のための使用のための、式Iで表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物に関する。
処置または予防のために式Iで表される化合物が有用である代表的な心臓血管疾患として、限定されないが、再狭窄、アテローム性動脈硬化症およびその結果(脳卒中、心筋梗塞、心臓、肺、腸、腎臓、肝臓、膵臓、脾臓または脳に対する虚血性傷害など)が挙げられる。
好ましくは、本発明は、疾患が癌である方法に関する。
特に好ましくは、本発明は、疾患が癌であり、投与が、少なくとも1つの他の活性薬剤の投与と同時であるか、連続的であるか、または交互である方法に関する。
(i)医学腫瘍学において用いられるような抗増殖/抗悪性腫瘍(antineoplastic)/DNA傷害剤、およびそれらの組み合わせ、例えばアルキル化剤(例えばシスプラチン、カルボプラチン、シクロホスファミド、ナイトロジェンマスタード、メルファラン、クロラムブシル、ブスルファンおよびニトロソウレア);代謝拮抗薬(例えば葉酸代謝拮抗薬、例えば、5フルオロウラシルおよびテガフールのようなフルオロピリミジン、ラルチトレキセド、メトトレキサート、シトシンアラビノシド、ヒドロキシウレアおよびゲムシタビン);抗腫瘍性抗生物質(例えば、アドリアマイシン、ブレオマイシン、ドキソルビシン、ダウノマイシン、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、マイトマイシン−C、ダクチノマイシンおよびミスラマイシンのようなアントラサイクリン);有糸分裂阻害薬(例えば、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、ビンデシンおよびビノレルビンのようなビンカアルカロイド、ならびに、タキソールおよびタキソテールのようなタキソイド);トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤(例えば、エトポシドおよびテニポシドのようなエピポドフィロトキシン、アムサクリン、トポテカン、イリノテカンおよびカンプトテシン)、ならびに細胞分化剤(例えば全トランス型レチノイン酸、13−シスレチノイン酸およびフェンレチニド);
(vii)アンチセンス治療、例えば、抗RasアンチセンスであるISIS 2503などの、上で列記した標的を対象とするもの;
例えば、アルトレタミン、ベンダムスチン、ブスルファン、カルムスチン、クロラムブシル、クロルメチン、シクロホスファミド、ダカルバジン、イホスファミド、トシル酸インプロスルファン、ロムスチン、メルファラン、ミトブロニトール、ミトラクトール、ニムスチン、ラニムスチン、テモゾロミド、チオテパ、トレオスルファン、メクロレタミン(mechloretamine)、カルボコン、アパジクオン、フォテムスチン、グルフォスファミド、パリホスファミド、ピポブロマン、トロホスファミド、ウラムスチンなど;
白金化合物
例えば、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、エプタプラチン、ミリプラチン水和物、オキサリプラチン、ロバプラチン、ネダプラチン、ピコプラチン、サトラプラチンなど;
DNA改変剤
例えば、アムルビシン、ビサントレン、デシタビン、ミトキサントロン、プロカルバジン、トラベクテジン、クロファラビン、アムサクリン、ブロスタリシン、ピクサントロン、ラロムスタチン(laromustine)など;
トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤
例えば、エトポシド、イリノテカン、ラゾキサン、ソブゾキサン、テニポシド、トポテカン、アモナフィド、ベロテカン、エリプチシニウムアセタート、ボレロキシンなど;
微小管修飾剤
例えば、カバジタキセル、ドセタキセル、エリブリン、イクサベピロン、パクリタキセル、ビンブラスチン、ビンクリスチン、ビノレルビン、ビンデシン、ビンフルニン、フォスブレタブリン、テセタキセルなど;
例えば、アスパラギナーゼ、アザシチジン、レボホリナートカルシウム、カペシタビン、クラドリビン、シタラビン、エノシタビン、フロクスウリジン、フルダラビン、フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、メルカプトプリン、メトトレキサート、ネララビン、ペメトレキセド、プララトレキサート、アザチオプリン、チオグアニン、カルモフール、ドキシフルリジン、エラシタラビン、ラルチトレキセド、サパシタビン、テガフール、トリメトレキサートなど;
抗がん性抗生物質
例えば、ブレオマイシン、ダクチノマイシン、ドキソルビシン、エピルビシン、イダルビシン、レバミゾール、ミルテフォシン、マイトマイシンC、ロミデプシン、ストレプトゾシン、バルルビシン、ジノスタチン、ゾルビシン、ダウヌルビシン(daunurobicin)、プリカマイシン、アクラルビシン、ペプロマイシン、ピラルビシンなど;
ホルモン/アンタゴニスト
例えば、アバレリックス、アビラテロン、ビカルタミド、ブセレリン、カルステロン、クロロトリアニセン、デガレリクス、デキサメタゾン、エストラジオール、フルオコルトロン、フルオキシメステロン、フルタミド、フルベストラント、ゴセレリン、ヒストレリン、リュープロレリン、メゲストロール、ミトタン、ナファレリン、ナンドロロン、ニルタミド、オクトレオチド、プレドニゾロン、ラロキシフェン、タモキシフェン、チオトロピンアルファ、トレミフェン、トリロスタン、トリプトレリン、ジエチルベスチルベストロール、アコルビフェン、ダナゾール、デスロレリン、エピチオスタノール、オルテロネル、エンザルタミドなど;
例えば、アミノグルテチミド、アナストロゾール、エキセメスタン、ファドロゾール、レトロゾール、テストラクトン、フォルメスタンなど;
小分子キナーゼ阻害剤
例えば、クリゾチニブ、ダサチニブ、エルロチニブ、イマチニブ、ラパチニブ、ニロチニブ、パゾパニブ、レゴラフェニブ、ルキソリチニブ、ソラフェニブ、スニチニブ、バンデタニブ、ベムラフェニブ、ボスチニブ、ゲフィチニブ、アキシチニブ、アファチニブ、アリセルチブ、ダブラフェニブ、ダコミチニブ、ジナシクリブ、ドビチニブ、エンザスタウリン、ニンテダニブ、レンバチニブ、リニファニブ、リンスチニブ、マシチニブ、ミドスタウリン、モテサニブ、ネラチニブ、オランチニブ、ペリホシン、ポナチニブ、ラドチニブ(radotinib)、リゴサチブ、チピファルニブ、チバンチニブ、チボザニブ、トラメチニブ、ピマセルチブ、ブリバニブアラニン、セジラニブ、アパチニブ、S−リンゴ酸ピマセルチブ、カーフィルゾミブ、イブルチニブ、イコチニブなど;
光増感剤
例えば、メトキサレン、ポルフィマーナトリウム、タラポルフィン、テモポルフィンなど;
例えば、アレムツズマブ、ベシレソマブ、ブレンツキシマブベドチン、セツキシマブ、デノスマブ、イピリムマブ、オファツムマブ、パニツムマブ、リツキシマブ、トシツモマブ、トラスツズマブ、ベバシズマブ、カツマキソマブ、エロツズマブ、エプラツズマブ、ファレツズマブ、モガムリズマブ、ネシツムマブ、ニモツズマブ、オビヌツズマブ、オカラツズマブ、オレゴボマブ、ラムシルマブ、リロツムマブ(rilotumumab)、シルツキシマブ、トシリズマブ、ザルツムマブ、ザノリムマブ、マツズマブ、ダロツズマブ、オナルツズマブ(onartuzumab)、ペルツズマブ、ラコツモマブ、タバルマブなど;
サイトカイン
例えば、アルデスロイキン、インターフェロンアルファ、インターフェロンアルファ2a、インターフェロンアルファ2b、タソネルミン、テセロイキン、オプレルベキンなど;
例えば、デニロイキン ディフティトックス、イブリツモマブチウキセタン、イオベングアンI123、プレドニムスチン、トラスツズマブエムタンシン、エストラムスチン、ゲムツズマブオゾガミシン、アフリベルセプト、シントレデキンベスドトクス、エドトレオチド、イノツズマブオゾガマイシン、ナプツモマブエスタフェナトクス、オポルツズマブモナトックス、テクネシウム(99mTc)アルシツモマブ、ビンタフォリドなど;
ワクチン
例えば、シプロイセル、ビテスペン、エメペピムト−S、オンコVAX、リンドペピムト、troVax、スチムバックス(stimuvax)など;
アリトレチノイン、ベキサロテン、ボルテゾミブ、エベロリムス、イバンドロン酸、イミキモド、レナリドマイド、レンチナン、メチロシン、ミファムルチド、パミドロン酸、ペガスパルガーゼ、ペントスタチン、シプロイセル3、シゾフィラン、タミバロテン、テムシロリムス、サリドマイド、トレチノイン、ビスモデギブ、ゾレドロン酸、サリドマイド、ボリノスタット、セレコキシブ、シレンジチド、エンチノスタット、エタニダゾール、ガネテスピブ、イドロノキシル、イニパリブ、イキサゾミブ、ロニダミン、ニモラゾール、パノビスタット、ペレチノイン、プリチデプシン、ポマリドマイド、プロコダゾール、リダフォロリムス(ridaforolimus)、タスキニモド、テロトリスタット、チマルファシン、チラパザミン、トセドスタット、トラベデルセン、ウベニメクス、バルスポダール、ゲンディシン、ピシバニール、レオライシン、レタスピマイシン塩酸塩、トレバナニブ、ビルリジン。
aq(水溶液)、h(時間)、g(グラム)、L(リットル)、mg(ミリグラム)、MHz(メガヘルツ)、min.(分)、mm(ミリメートル)、mmol(ミリモル)、mM(ミリモル濃度)、m.p.(融点)、eq(当量)、mL(ミリリットル)、L(マイクロリットル)、ACN(アセトニトリル)、AcOH(酢酸)、CDCl3(重水素化クロロホルム)、CD3OD(重水素化メタノール)、CH3CN(アセトニトリル)、c−hex(シクロヘキサン)、DCC(ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド)、DCM(ジクロロメタン)、DIC(ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド)、DIEA(ジイソプロピルエチル−アミン)、DMF(ジメチルホルムアミド)、DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)、DMSO−d6(重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド)、EDC(1−(3−ジメチル−アミノ−プロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド)、ESI(エレクトロスプレーイオン化)、EtOAc(酢酸エチル)、Et2O(ジエチルエーテル)、EtOH(エタノール)、HATU(ジメチルアミノ−([1,2,3]トリアゾロ[4,5−b]ピリジン−3−イルオキシ)−メチレン]−ジメチル−アンモニウムヘキサフルオロホスファート)、HPLC(高速液体クロマトグラフィー)、i−PrOH(2−プロパノール)、K2CO3(炭酸カリウム)、LC(液体クロマトグラフィー)、MeOH(メタノール)、MgSO4(硫酸マグネシウム)、MS(質量分析)、MTBE(メチルtert−ブチルエーテル)、NaHCO3(炭酸水素ナトリウム)、NaBH4(水素化ホウ素ナトリウム)、NMM(N−メチルモルホリン)、NMR(核磁気共鳴)、PyBOP(ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル−オキシ−トリス−ピロリジノ−ホスホニウムヘキサフルオロホスファート)、RT(室温)、Rt(保持時間)、SPE(固相抽出)、TBTU(2−(1−H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル)−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルウロニウムテトラフルオロボラート)、TEA(トリエチルアミン)、TFA(トリフルオロ酢酸)、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)、TLC(薄層クロマトグラフィー)、UV(紫外光)。
略語:
GST = グルタチオン−S−トランスフェラーゼ
FRET = 蛍光共鳴エネルギー移動
HTRF(登録商標) = (均一時間分解蛍光)
HEPES = 4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸バッファー
DTT = ジチオトレイトール
BSA = ウシ血清アルブミン
CHAPS = 洗剤;
CHAPS = 3−[(3−コラミドプロピル)ジメチルアンモニオ]−1−プロパンスルホン酸
ストレプトアビジン−XLent(登録商標)は、幾つかのアッセイ(とくに、高感度を必要とするもの)のための性能が増強されたコンジュゲートを生じるようにカップリング条件が最適化されている、ハイグレードのストレプトアビジン−XL665コンジュゲートである。
自己PARシレーションアッセイは、2つのステップにおいて実行される:それぞれ、GSTタグ付けされたタンキラーゼ−1、タンキラーゼ−2が、共基質としてのビオチン化されたNADから、ビオチン化されたADP−リボースを自身にトランスファーする酵素反応、ならびに、酵素のGSTタグに結合したクリプテート標識抗GSTと、ビオチン−PARシレーション残基に結合したXlent(登録商標)標識ストレプトアビジンとの間の時間分解FRETが分析される検出反応。自己PARシレーション活性は、HTRFシグナルの増大を介して直接的に検出可能であった。
タンキラーゼは、細胞のAxin2のレベルを調節することが示されている(Huangら、2009;Nature)ので、Axin2レベルの増大を、Luminexベースのアッセイにおける細胞によるタンキラーゼの阻害の決定のための読み出し値として用いる。
PARP−1の生化学的活性試験:自己PARシレーションアッセイ
自己PARシレーションアッセイは、2つのステップにおいて実行される:HisタグされたParp−1が、共基質としてビオチン化されたNAD/NADから、ビオチン化されたADP−リボース/ADP−リボースを、自身にトランスファーする酵素反応、ならびに、酵素のHisタグに結合したクリプテート標識抗His抗体と、ビオチン−PARシレーション残基に結合したXlent(登録商標)標識ストレプトアビジンとの間の時間分解FRETが分析される検出反応。
TNKS1および2の生化学的活性試験:活性ELISA(自己PARシレーションアッセイ)
TNKS1および2の自己PARシレーション活性の分析のために、活性ELISAを行う:第1のステップにおいて、GSTタグされたTNKSを、グルタチオンコートされたプレート上に捕捉する。次いで、化合物の存在/不在下で、ビオチン化NADによる活性アッセイを行う。酵素反応の間に、GSTタグされたTNKSが、共基質としてのビオチン化NADから、ビオチン化ADP−リボースを、自身にトランスファーする。検出のために、ビオチン化TNKSに結合するストレプトアビジン−HRPコンジュゲートを添加し、それにより、プレートに捕捉させる。それぞれのビオチン化された自己PARシレーションされたTNKSの量を、HRPについての発光基質により検出する。発光シグナルのレベルは、自己PARシレーションされたTNKSの量に直接的に相関し、したがって、TNKSの活性に直接的に相関する。
勾配: 5.5min;流速:2.75ml/min、99:1〜0:100 H2O/アセトニトリル;水+TFA(0.01%vol.);アセトニトリル+TFA(0.01%vol.)
カラム: Chromolith SpeedROD RP 18e 50-4.6
波長: 220nm
Merck HitachiLa Chrome
N: HPLC法:
勾配: 5.5min;流速:2.75ml/min 90:10〜0:100 H2O/アセトニトリル;水+TFA(0.01%vol.);アセトニトリル+TFA(0.01%vol.)
カラム: Chromolith SpeedROD RP 18e 50-4.6
波長: 220nm
Merck HitachiLa Chrome
X: HPLC/MS条件
カラム:Chromolith Performance ROD RP-18e、100×3mm3
勾配: A:B = 99:1〜0:100、1.8minで
流速: 2.0ml/min
溶離剤A: 水+0.05% ギ酸
溶離剤B: アセトニトリル+0.04% ギ酸
波長: 220nm
マイクロ波化学は、CEMマイクロ波反応器中で行う。
2−フェニル−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A1”)の合成
抽出物からの水相を蒸発させ、乾燥させた。残渣を水およびアセトニトリルの混合物中に溶解させ、凍結乾燥した。固体をジクロロメタン/メタノール(10%)中に懸濁させ、30min攪拌し、吸引により濾別した。ろ液を蒸発させて、乾燥させた。残渣をジクロロメタンとともに粉砕し、吸引により濾別し、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、乾燥させた。両方の固体を併合した;収量:545mg(90%)、薄茶色固体(純度:100%、Rt:2.25min)。
フタラジン−1−イルアミン(50mg;0.34mmol)をTHF(2mL)に懸濁させ、アルゴン下でN−エチルジイソプロピルアミン(76.2μl;0.45mmol)とともに処理した。塩化フェニルアセチル(54.6μl;0.41mmol)を室温で滴下で添加し、混合物を70℃へと加熱した。短時間の間クリアな黄色の溶液が形成し、その後固体が沈殿した。70℃での1hの撹拌後、THF(2mL)、N−エチルジイソプロピルアミン(76.2μl;0.45mmol)および塩化フェニルアセチル(54.6μl;0.41mmol)を添加し、反応混合物を70℃で14h攪拌した。反応混合物を室温へと冷まし、メタノール(0.5mL)で処理し、蒸発させて乾燥させた。薄茶色残渣をアセトニトリル(1mL)およびメタノール(1mL)で処理し、超音波処理した。形成した沈殿を吸引によりろ過し、メタノールおよびジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、in vacuoで50℃で乾燥させた。さらなる生成物を、カラムクロマトグラフィーによりろ液から分離した;収量:25mg(28%)、無色固体(純度:100%、Rt:2.89min);
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 10.97 (s, 1H), 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.08 - 7.82 (m, 3H), 7.47 - 7.20 (m, 5H), 3.89 (s, 2H).
2−(3−メトキシフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A2”)の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 10.96 (s, 1H), 9.59 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.08 - 7.79 (m, 3H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.10 - 6.74 (m, 3H), 3.86 (s, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H).
2−(4−メトキシフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A3”)の合成
2−(4−エトキシフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A4”)の合成
ろ液を水(40mL)で希釈し、酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。併合した有機層をブラインで洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、ろ過し、蒸発させて、乾燥させた。残渣(薄黄色固体)をエタノールとともに粉砕し、ろ別し、エタノールおよびジエチルエーテルで洗浄し、50℃でin vacuoで乾燥させた。両方の固体を併合した;収量:81mg(63%)、非晶質無色固体(純度:100%、Rt:3.03min);
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 10.91 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.07 - 7.84 (m, 3H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 1.33 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H).
N−フタラジン−1−イル−2−(3−トリフルオロメトキシフェニル)−アセトアミド(”A5”)の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 11.02 (s, 1H), 9.58 (s, 1H), 8.26 - 8.15 (m, 1H), 8.09 - 7.84 (m, 3H), 7.58 - 7.38 (m, 3H), 7.34 - 7.22 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 2H).
2−(3−シアノフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A6”)の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 11.03 (s, 1H), 9.60 (s, 1H), 8.26 - 8.15 (m, 1H), 8.12 - 7.94 (m, 3H), 7.92 - 7.52 (m, 4H), 4.03 (s, 2H).
2−(3−ニトロフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A7”)の合成
収量:84mg(79%)、薄黄色固体(純度:100%、Rt:3.01min);
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 11.07 (s, 1H), 9.60 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 - 8.11 (m, 2H), 8.10 - 7.96 (m, 3H), 7.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H).
N−フタラジン−1−イル−2−(4−トリフルオロメトキシフェニル)−アセトアミド(”A8”)の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]10.99 (s, 1H), 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.23 - 8.14 (m, 1H), 8.09 - 7.86 (m, 3H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.41 - 7.30 (m, 2H), 3.95 (s, 2H).
2−(4−tert−ブチルフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A9”)の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 10.93 (s, 1H), 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.23 - 8.14 (m, 1H), 8.08 - 7.83 (m, 3H), 7.43 - 7.28 (m, 4H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 1.28 (s, 9H).
2−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イル−アセトアミド(”A10”)の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 11.12 (s, 1H), 9.59 (s, 1H), 8.27 - 8.15 (m, 1H), 7.98 - 8.07 (m, 3H), 7.51 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (s, 2H).
2−(4−エトキシ−フェニル)−N−(5−フルオロ−フタラジン−1−イル)−アセトアミド(”A11”)
N−(5−フルオロ−フタラジン−1−イル)−2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−アセトアミド(”A12”)
3−フェニル−N−フタラジン−1−イル−プロピオンアミド(”A14”)
M+H 270; HPLC 2.19 (N); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm] 10.68 (s, 1H), 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.21 - 8.15 (m, 1H), 8.05 - 7.93 (m, 3H), 2.59 - 2.53 (m, 2H), 1.90 - 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.74 - 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.65 - 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.22 - 1.09 (m, 2H);
3−(2−クロロ−フェニル)−N−フタラジン−1−イループロピオンアミド(”A16”)
N−(8−メチル−フタラジン−1−イル)−2−フェニル−アセトアミド(”A18”)
2−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−N−(8−メチル−フタラジン−1−イル)アセトアミド(”A20”)
表1 式Iで表されるいくつかの代表的な化合物の、タンキラーゼの阻害
例A:注射バイアル
3リットルの再蒸留水中の100gの式Iの活性成分および5gのリン酸一水素二ナトリウムの溶液を、2Nの塩酸を用いてpH6.5に調整し、無菌濾過し、注射バイアル中に移し、無菌条件下で凍結乾燥し、無菌条件下で密封する。各注射バイアルは、5mgの活性成分を含む。
例B:坐剤
20gの式Iの活性成分および100gの大豆レシチンおよび1400gのカカオバターの混合物を融解し、鋳型に注入し、冷却する。各坐剤は、20mgの活性成分を含む。
溶液は、940mlの再蒸留水中の1gの式Iの活性成分、9.38gのNaH2PO4・2H2O、28.48gのNa2HPO4・12H2Oおよび0.1gの塩化ベンザルコニウムから調製する。pHを6.8まで調整し、溶液を1リットルにして、照射により滅菌する。この溶液を点眼剤の形態で用いることができる。
例D:軟膏
500mgの式Iの活性成分を、99.5gのワセリンと、無菌条件下で混合する。
1kgの式Iの活性成分、4kgの乳糖、1.2kgの馬鈴薯デンプン、0.2kgのタルクおよび0.1kgのステアリン酸マグネシウムの混合物を、従来の様式において、各錠剤が10mgの活性成分を含むように圧縮して、錠剤を得る。
例F:糖衣錠
錠剤を例Eと同様に圧縮して、その後、従来の様式において、ショ糖、馬鈴薯デンプン、タルク、トラガカントおよび色素のコーティングにより、被覆する。
2kgの式Iの活性成分を、従来の様式において、各カプセルが20mgの活性成分を含むように、硬質ゼラチンカプセル中に導入する。
例H:アンプル
60リットルの再蒸留水中の1kgの式Iの活性成分の溶液を無菌濾過し、アンプル中に移し、無菌条件下で凍結乾燥し、無菌条件下で密封する。各アンプルは、10mgの活性成分を含む。
Claims (12)
- 式I
R1は、H、Hal、CH3、OCH3またはCH2OHを示し、
Xは、ArまたはCycを示し、
Arは、フェニル、ビフェニルまたはナフチル、これらのそれぞれは、非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、A、[C(R2)2]pOR2、S(O)mR2、[C(R2)2]pN(R2)2、[C(R2)2]pCOOR2、[C(R2)2]pCON(R2)2、[C(R2)2]pSO2N(R2)2、NR2COR2、NR2SO2R2、NR2CON(R2)2、NHCOOA、O[C(R2)2]nN(R2)2、CHOおよび/またはCOAにより単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示し、
R2は、HまたはAを示し、
Aは、1〜10個のC原子を有する、非分枝または分枝のアルキル、ここで2つの隣接する炭素原子は二重結合を形成してもよく、および/または1つまたは2つの非隣接のCH基および/またはCH2基はN原子、O原子および/またはS原子により置き換えられていてもよく、およびここで1〜7個のH原子はF、Clおよび/またはOHにより置き換えられていてもよい、を示し、
Cycは、3、4、5、6または7個のC原子を有するシクロアルキルを示し、
Halは、F、Cl、BrまたはIを示し、
mは、0、1または2を示し、
nは、1、2または3を示し、
pは、0、1、2、3または4を示す、
で表される化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、または全ての比率でのそれらの混合物。 - 請求項1に記載の化合物であって、式中、
R1が、H、HalまたはCH3を示す、
前記化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な溶媒和物、塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、または全ての比率でのそれらの混合物。 - 請求項1または2に記載の化合物であって、式中、
Arが、フェニル、これは非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、Aおよび/または[C(R2)2]pOR2により単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示す、
前記化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な溶媒和物、塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、または全ての比率でのそれらの混合物。 - 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物であって、式中、
Aが、1〜6個のC原子を有する、非分枝または分枝のアルキル、ここで1〜5個のH原子はFにより置き換えられていてもよい、を示す、
前記化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な溶媒和物、塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、または全ての比率でのそれらの混合物。 - 請求項1に記載の化合物であって、式中、
R1が、H、HalまたはCH3を示し、
Xが、ArまたはCycを示し、
Arが、フェニル、これは非置換であるか、またはHal、NO2、CN、Aおよび/または[C(R2)2]pOR2により単置換、二置換または三置換されている、を示し、
R2が、HまたはAを示し、
Cycが、3、4、5、6または7個のC原子を有するシクロアルキルを示し、
Aが、1〜6個のC原子を有する、非分枝または分枝のアルキル、ここで1〜5個のH原子はFにより置き換えられていもよい、を示し、
Halは、F、Cl、BrまたはIを示し、
pは、0、1、2、3または4を示し、
nは、1、2または3を示す、
前記化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、または全ての比率でのそれらの混合物。 - 以下から選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物:
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の式Iで表される化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩、溶媒和物、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体の、製造方法であって、
式II
で表される化合物を、
式III
およびLはCl、Br、または遊離のもしくは反応性に官能的修飾されたOH基を示す、
で表される化合物と反応させること、
および/または
式Iで表される化合物の塩基または酸を、その塩の1つへと変換すること
を特徴とする、前記方法。 - 式Iで表される少なくとも1種の化合物および/またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、溶媒和物、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物、ならびに、任意に薬学的に許容し得るキャリア、賦形剤またはビヒクルを含む、医薬。
- 癌、多発性硬化症、心臓血管疾患、中枢神経系傷害および様々な形態の炎症の処置および/または予防のための使用のための、式Iで表される化合物またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、溶媒和物、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物。
- 頭部、頸部、眼、口、咽喉、食道、気管支、喉頭、咽頭、胸部、骨、肺、結腸、直腸、胃、前立腺、膀胱、子宮、子宮頸部、乳房、卵巣、精巣または他の生殖器官、皮膚、甲状腺、血液、リンパ節、腎臓、肝臓、膵臓、脳、中枢神経系の癌、固形腫瘍および血液由来腫瘍の群から選択される疾患の処置および/または予防のための使用のための、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- 式Iで表される少なくとも1種の化合物および/またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、溶媒和物もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物、ならびに、少なくとも1種のさらなる医薬活性成分を含む、医薬。
- (a)有効量の、式Iで表される化合物および/またはその薬学的に許容し得る塩、溶媒和物、塩もしくは立体異性体、あるいは全ての比率でのそれらの混合物
ならびに、
(b)有効量の、さらなる医薬活性成分
の別々のパックからなる、セット(キット)。
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