JP2016515224A - Virtual reality orbital pipe welding simulator and setup - Google Patents

Abstract

The simulator facilitates virtual welding operation of the orbital weld joint. A simulator is a logical processor based system that can be used to execute coded instructions to generate an interactive welding environment that emulates a welding operation for a portion of a virtual pipe having at least one virtual weld joint May be included. It also includes a display connected to the logical processor based system to visually depict the interactive welding environment, the display depicting a portion of the virtual pipe. A pendant is provided to perform virtual welding operations for at least one weld joint in real time with welding equipment settings, and one or more sensors communicate data regarding input device movement to a logical processor based system. In order to do so, it is configured to track the movement of the input device in real time.

Description

[Cross-reference of related applications]
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 501,263, filed Jul. 10, 2009. This US patent application is incorporated herein by reference and claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 090,794, filed August 21, 2008. The US provisional patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

  The present invention relates to a system for emulating a virtual welding environment, and more particularly to a virtual welding environment and its settings that emulate the welding of pipes and open root joints in real time.

  For decades, several companies have taught welding techniques. By convention, welding has been taught in the context of the real world. That is, welding has been taught by actually creating an arc using electrodes on a piece of metal. Instructors who are familiar with the technology in the field oversee the training process as the trainee (the trainee) performs the welding, and in some cases make corrections. With instruction and repetition, new trainees learn how to weld using one or more processes. However, each weld that is performed is expensive and varies depending on the welding process being taught.

  More recently, cost saving systems have been utilized to train welders. Some systems incorporate motion analyzers (motion analyzers). The analysis device includes a physical model of the weldment, a mock electrode, and sensing means for tracking the movement of the simulated electrode. A report is generated that indicates how far the electrode tip has moved outside the acceptable range of motion. More advanced systems incorporate the use of virtual reality, which simulates the manipulation of simulated electrodes in a virtual ambient situation. Similarly, these systems track position and orientation. Such a system only teaches muscle memory, but cannot teach the more advanced welding techniques required by skilled welders.

  One embodiment of the present invention relates to a simulator for facilitating virtual welding activity, including but not limited to the following elements: a section of a virtual pipe having at least one virtual weld joint ) A logic processor-based subsystem that can be used to execute coded instructions to generate an interactive orbital welding environment that emulates welding settings and behavior for; Display means operatively connected to a logical processor-based subsystem for graphical depiction, the display means depicting a portion of the virtual pipe; display means; at least one virtual weld joint in configuration and real time Pendant or hand-held for performing virtual welding operations on One or more power devices; and one or more configured to track data relating to input device motion in real time to communicate input device motion to a logical processor-based subsystem Sensor. The input device can emulate a control device for input selection for virtual reality welding. The logical processor-based subsystem may further include a controller or interaction restriction based on the user to expand the learning target. A logical processor based subsystem is a teaching interaction or based on visual, audible and physical changes to ensure that the user can properly set up the orbital welding environment or achieve error repair. A reaction may optionally be included. Logical processor-based subsystems often include virtual machines or tables that allow input and provide output based on input values. The logical processor based subsystem may also include results usable by the intelligent agent based on incorrect configuration parameters or combinations of parameters. The logical processor-based subsystem may also include inputs usable by the intelligent agent to identify appropriate configuration parameters or parameter combinations that are to be entered by the user. The simulator may also include a visual, audible or physical indicator of the set parameter or parameter combination. A simulated camera-based system may optionally be added to track the orbital weld path. The camera system may include a path following and path determination system based on a fuzzy logic controller based system. The simulator's logic processor-based subsystem may include multiple levels for the user, each level suitable for the user's skill level, learning pace and learning style. The simulator's logic processor-based subsystem may also include fault instructions based on artificial intelligence to test the user's ability to find, correct and repair problems. Multilingual functionality is also an optional aspect of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an operator who is a final user who tackles a virtual welding operation using a simulator. FIG. 2 is a front view of the simulator. FIG. 3a is a chart showing a pipe welding posture. FIG. 3b is a chart showing the plate welding posture. FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic block diagram of the simulator description. FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of the simulated welding tool. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the welding user interface. FIG. 6a is an enlarged view of the observer display device. FIG. 7a is a perspective view of a personal display device. FIG. 7b is a perspective view of a personal display device worn by the end user. FIG. 7c is a perspective view of a personal display device fitted in a welding helmet. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the space tracker. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a stand for holding a welding coupon. FIG. 9a is a perspective view of a pipe welding coupon. FIG. 9b is a perspective view of a pipe welding coupon attached to a stand. FIG. 10 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a subsystem block diagram of a logical processor based subsystem. FIG. 11 shows one exemplary embodiment of a block diagram of a graphics processing unit (GPU) of a logical processor based subsystem. FIG. 12 shows one exemplary embodiment of a functional block diagram of the simulator. FIG. 13 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a training method using a virtual reality training system. 14a-b show the concept of a weld pixel displacement map. FIG. 15 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a coupon space and welding space for a flat welding coupon that is simulated by a simulator. FIG. 16 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a coupon space and a weld space for a corner weld coupon that is simulated by a simulator. FIG. 17 shows one exemplary embodiment of the coupon space and welding space of a pipe welding coupon that is simulated by a simulator. FIG. 18 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a pipe weld coupon. 19a-c show one exemplary embodiment of the concept of a simulator's double displacement paddle model. FIG. 20 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of an orbital welding system, such as used in an orbital welding environment. FIG. 21 shows a welding tractor for use with the orbital welding system of FIG. FIG. 22 shows the power supply and control unit of the orbital welding system of FIG. FIG. 23 shows a pendant for use with the orbital welding system of FIG.

  Reference will now be made to the drawings, which are for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting embodiments of the invention. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a system for simulating a weld, generally depicted at 10 and referred to herein as a simulator 10 or system 10. The simulator 10 can generate a virtual environment 15. The virtual environment 15 can depict the situation around the weld similar to that in the real world, and may also be known as virtual reality arc welding (VRAW). Within the virtual environment 15, the simulator 10 facilitates interaction with one or more end user (s) 12. An input device 155 is included to allow the end user 12 to engage in real-world operations. The motion in the real world is tracked by the simulator 10 and converted into a virtual motion. Thus, the virtual environment 15 includes the interactive virtual welding environment 15. A display device 200 is included to provide visual access to the virtual environment 15 and the actions of the end user 12. In one embodiment, the simulator 10 may include a display screen 150 that can be viewed by multiple end users 12. In addition, the simulator 10 may include a personal display 140 suitable for use by a single end user 12. The single end user 12 may be a trainee user 12a or a trainer user 12b. It is expressly noted here that the end user 12 in the real world is converted to a virtual welding operation and viewed on one or more displays 140, 150 in real time. As used herein, the term “real-time” is used in the same way that the end user 12 perceives and experiences in real-time ambient situations in time. Means to recognize and experience without delay in the virtual environment.

  In generating an interactive virtual welding environment 15, the simulator 10 emulates one or more welding processes for multiple weld joints in different poses and adds the effects of different types of electrodes for multiple joint configurations. Emulate it. In one particular embodiment, the simulator 10 generates an interactive virtual welding environment 15 that emulates pipe welding and / or open root joint welding. The system can simulate a weld paddle with real-time molten metal fluidity and heat dissipation characteristics in virtual reality space. The simulator 10 can also model how virtual welding operations affect weld joints, such as the underlying base material. Illustratively, the simulator 10 may emulate welding a root pass and a hot pass, each having characteristics corresponding to a real world scenario, and also welding a subsequent filler and cap pass. Each subsequent pass may weld a significantly different pass than that of the previous pass as a result of base material changes made during the previous pass and / or as a result of differently selected electrodes. Real-time feedback of paddle modeling allows end user 12 to observe the virtual welding process on display 200 and adjust or maintain his / her procedure when virtual welding is taking place. . Examples of observed virtual indicators include weld paddle flow, melt paddle flicker, color change during paddle solidification, paddle cure rate, heat dissipation color gradient, sound, and bead formation to name a few. , Weave pattern, slag formation, undercut, porosity, spatter, slag entrainment, overfill, burn through and closure. It should be understood that the paddle characteristic depends on the movement of the input device 155 by the end user 12, i.e. responsive. Thus, the displayed weld paddles are representative of real-world weld paddles that are formed in real time based on the welding process selected and the end user 12 welding procedure. In addition, the “wagon track” is a visible trace of weld defects and slag left behind the root path tip created during pipe welding using the SMAW process. The second pass in pipe welding, called the hot pass, must be hot enough to remelt the wagon track so that they are removed in the final weld. The wagon truck may also be removed by a polishing process. Such a wagon truck and the removal of the wagon truck are appropriately simulated in the simulator 10 described herein, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

  With continued reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and now referring to FIGS. 3a and 3b, the simulator 10 may emulate the welding process in various welding positions, and how the welding paddle is in each position. Model how it reacts at. More specifically, the simulator 10 may emulate pipe welding in a vertical attitude, a horizontal attitude, and / or an oblique attitude, referred to in the art as a 5G attitude, a 2G attitude, and a 6G attitude, respectively. In addition, the simulator 10 performs welding at the 4G position related to overhead welding, as may be related to welding at the 1G position relative to the rotating horizontal position of the pipe, or groove weld at the abutting plate. It may be emulated. Other welding orientations may relate to the welding of open root joints for various configurations for flat plates. It should be understood that the simulator 10 takes into account the effect of gravity on the weld paddle, including the modeling and analysis engines described in detail in the following paragraphs. Accordingly, the weld paddle reacts differently than that of the 6G position, for example, for pipe welding in the 5G position. The above examples should not be construed as limiting, but are included for illustrative purposes. Those skilled in the art will readily understand its application to any weld joint, weld orientation or weld type including different types of base members.

  With reference now to FIGS. 2 and 4, the simulator 10 includes a logical processor-based subsystem 110. The logical processor based subsystem 110 may be programmable and may be used to execute coded instructions for generating the interactive virtual welding environment 15. The simulator 10 may further include sensors and / or sensor systems, which may be comprised of a spatial tracker 120, optionally connected to a logical processor based subsystem 110. The simulator 10 also includes a welding user interface 130 that is in communication with the logic processor based subsystem 110 for simulator 10 configuration and control. As referenced above, display device (s) 200 are included, each connected to a logical processor based subsystem 110 to provide visual access to interactive virtual welding environment 15. A face-mount display device 140 and an observer display device 150 may be included. One or more display devices 200 may be connected to the spatial tracker 120 to change the image seen on the device depending on its position and / or movement, as described below.

Input Device Referring now to FIG. 5, as described above, the simulator 10 includes an input device 155 that facilitates interaction with the end user 12. In one embodiment, the input device 155 includes a simulated welding tool 160. The simulated welding tool 160 is shaped to resemble a real-world tool such as, for example, a manual welding electrode holder or welding gun that provides continuous delivery to the electrode, ie, an IG, FCAW or GTAW welding tool. May be. Moreover, other configurations of the simulated welding tool 160 may be implemented without departing from the intended scope of the subject of the embodiments of the present invention. For illustrative purposes, embodiments of the present invention may be described in the context of the use of a simulated welding tool 160 similar to the manual welding electrode holder 156. The simulated welding tool 160 may closely resemble a real world welding tool. In one particular embodiment, the simulated welding tool 160 may have the same shape, weight and feel as a real world welding tool. In fact, in the simulator 10, a real welding tool is not used to actually create a real arc, but a real welding tool is simulated in order to provide a real sense of the tool in the user's hand. It can be used as a welding tool 160. In this way, the end user 12, who may be a trainee user 12a, is accustomed to working with real-world welding tools, thereby extending the virtual welding experience. However, the simulated welding tool 160 may be constructed in any manner selected with sound judgment.

  Illustratively, the simulated welding tool 160 simulates a bar welding tool for pipe welding and includes a holder 161 and a simulated created (simulated) bar electrode 162 extending from the holder 161. The simulated rod electrode 162 may include a haptic resistance tip 163 to simulate the resistance feedback that occurs during welding within a real world ambient situation. If the end user 12 moves the simulated bar electrode 162 too far away from the root (as described in detail below), the end user 12 can feel or sense low resistance. Therefore, get feedback used to adjust or maintain the current welding process. It is contemplated that the rod welding tool may incorporate an actuator (not shown) that retracts the simulated rod electrode 162 during the virtual welding process. That is, when the end user 12 is engaged in a virtual welding operation, the distance between the holder 161 and the tip of the simulated rod electrode 162 is reduced to simulate electrode consumption. The consumption rate, i.e. the retraction of the rod electrode 162, may be controlled by the logical processor based subsystem 110, more specifically by coded instructions executed by the logical processor based subsystem 110. The simulated consumption rate also depends on the end user 12 procedure. Since the simulator 10 facilitates virtual welding with different types of electrodes, the consumption rate or reduction of the rod electrode 162 may vary with the welding procedure used in the simulator 10 and / or the settings of the simulator 10. It should be noted here.

  The actuator of the simulated welding tool 160 may be electrically driven. The power to operate the actuator can come from the simulator 10, from an external power source, or from an internal battery power source. In one embodiment, the actuator may be an electric device such as an electric motor. Moreover, any actuator type or type of motive force may be used, including but not limited to electromagnetic actuators, pneumatic actuators, mechanical or spring loaded actuators, and any combination thereof.

  As indicated above, the simulated welding tool 160 may work with a spatial tracker to interact with the simulator 10. Specifically, the position and / or orientation of the simulated welding tool 160 can be monitored and tracked by the spatial tracker 120 in real time. Thus, data representative of position and orientation is communicated to the logical processor-based subsystem 110 and modified or converted for use as needed for interaction with the virtual welding environment 15.

Spatial Tracker Referring to FIG. 8, one embodiment of a spatial tracker 120 is shown. Spatial tracker 120 may interface with logical processor-based subsystem 110. In one embodiment, the space tracker 120 may track the simulated welding tool 160 by magnetism. That is, the spatial tracker generates a magnetic envelope that is used to determine position and orientation, and also velocity and / or velocity changes. Accordingly, the spatial tracker 120 includes a magnetic source 121 and source cable, one or more sensors 122, disk 123 host software, power supply 124, USB and RS-232 cable 125, processor tracking unit 126, and other associated devices. Including cables to be used. The magnetic source 121 can be operatively connected to the processor tracking unit 126 via a cable. The sensor 122 can be similarly connected. A power supply 124 can also be operatively connected to the processor tracking unit 126 via a cable. The processor tracking unit 126 can be operatively connected to the logical processor based subsystem 110 via USB and RS-232 cable 125.
The host software on the disk 123 can be loaded into the logical processor based subsystem 110 to allow functional communication between the spatial tracker 120 and the logical processor based subsystem 110.

  The magnetic source 121 creates a magnetic field or envelope that surrounds the magnetic source 121 and defines a three-dimensional space. Within that space, the movement of the end user 12 can be tracked for interaction with the simulator 10. The envelope establishes a spatial reference coordinate system. Objects used within the envelope, such as simulated welding tools 160 and coupon stands (described below), are non-metallic materials, ie non-ferrous metals and non-conductive, so as not to distort the magnetic field created by the magnetic source 121. May be composed of a sex material. The sensor 122 may include a plurality of induction coils aligned in intersecting spatial directions, which may be aligned substantially orthogonally. The induction coil measures the strength of the magnetic field in each of the three directions and provides that information to the processor tracking unit 126. In one embodiment, the sensor 122 may be attached to the simulated welding tool 160, allowing the simulated welding tool 160 to be tracked both in position and orientation with respect to a spatial reference coordinate system. More specifically, the induction coil may be attached to the tip of the electrode 162. In this way, the simulator 10 can determine where the simulated welding tool 160 is located within the three-dimensional envelope. Additional sensors 122 may be provided and operably attached to one or more display devices. In response, the simulator 10 may use the sensor data to change the field of view seen by the end user 12 in response to the movement of the end user 12. As such, the simulator 10 stores and tracks the actions of the end user 12 in the real world for conversion to the virtual welding environment 15.

  In accordance with one alternative embodiment of the present invention, the sensor (s) 122 can be wirelessly interfaced with the processor tracking unit 126, which is wireless with the logical processor based subsystem 110. Can be interfaced. According to other alternative embodiments of the invention, for example, accelerometer / gyroscope based trackers, optical trackers, infrared trackers, acoustic trackers, laser trackers, high frequency trackers, inertial trackers, active or passive optics Other types of spatial trackers 120 may be used in the simulator 10, including tracker as well as augmented reality based tracking. Other types of trackers may be possible as well. It should be noted that other types of trackers may be used without departing from the intended scope of the subject of the embodiments of the present invention.

Display Device Referring now to FIG. 7a, one embodiment of the face mount display device 140 will now be described. The face mount display device 140 may be incorporated into the welding helmet 900 as shown in FIG. 7c, or alternatively may be mounted separately as shown in FIG. 7b. The face-mounted display device 140 may include two high-contrast SVGA 3D OLED microdisplays capable of delivering full motion video that flows in 2D and frame sequential video modes. A virtual image, for example, an image from the virtual welding environment 15 is provided to the face mount display device 140 and displayed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the logical processor-based subsystem 110 provides stereoscopic images to the face-mount display device 140 to extend the user's depth sensation. The stereoscopic image may be created by a logical processing unit, which may be a graphic processing unit described in detail below. Also, a zoom (eg, 2x) mode may be provided to allow the user to simulate a cheetah plate. The face mount display device 140 may be operatively connected to the logical processor based subsystem 110 and the spatial tracker 120 via wired or wireless means. The sensor 122 of the space tracker 120 can be attached to the face mount display device 140 or the welding helmet 900 so that the face mount display device 140 is tracked with respect to the 3D spatial reference coordinate system created by the space tracker 120. Makes it possible to In this way, the movement of the welding helmet 900 reacts sensitively, changing the image seen by the end user 12 in the context of the 3D virtual reality.

  The face-mounted display device 140 may also function to invoke and display menu items similar to those of the viewer display device 150, as will be described later. In this way, the end user can use controls (eg, buttons or switches) on the simulated welding tool 160 to activate and select options from the menu. This allows the user to easily reset the weld if, for example, the user makes a mistake, changes some parameters, or moves back slightly to redo part of the weld bead trajectory Can be.

  The face-mount display 140 may further include a speaker 910 that allows the user to hear the sounds related to the simulated welds made by the simulator 10 and the environment. Audio content functions and welding sounds provide specific types of welding sounds that vary depending on whether some welding parameters are within acceptable limits or not. The sound is tailored to various welding processes and parameters. For example, in the MIG spray arc welding process, a cracking sound is provided when the user does not place the simulated welding tool 160 correctly, and a hissing sound when the simulated welding tool 160 is correctly placed. ) Is provided. The short arc welding process provides a squeal when undercut occurs. These sounds mimic real world sounds corresponding to correct and incorrect welding procedures.

  High fidelity audio content can be captured from real-world recordings of actual welds using a variety of electronic and mechanical means. The perceived volume and direction of the sound depends on the position, orientation, and distance of the end user's head, ie, the face mount display 140, relative to the simulated arc between the simulated welding tool 160 and the welding coupon 175. Will be corrected. Sound can be provided to the user via speaker 910. The speaker 910 may be an earphone speaker or any other type of speaker or sound generator, and may be attached to the face mount display 140 or alternatively to the console 135 or stand 170. Moreover, any method of delivering audio to the end user 12 while working on a virtual welding operation can be selected. It is also noted here that other types of information can be conveyed through the speaker 910. Examples include verbal instruction from the user 12b who is an instructor, either in real time or through a pre-recorded message. Pre-recorded messages may be automatically played back triggered by a specific virtual welding operation. Real-time instruction can be generated on the spot or from a remote location. Moreover, any type of message or instruction can be communicated to the end user 12.

Console Referring now to FIGS. 2, 6, and 7, the simulator 10 may include a console 135 that houses one or more components of the simulator 10. In one embodiment, console 135 may be constructed to resemble a welding power source. That is, the shape and size of the console 135 may match that of a real world device. Operation of the simulator 10 may be facilitated by the welding unit interface 130. The welding unit interface 130 may be shaped to resemble a welding power supply knob, dial and / or switch 133,134. The simulator 10 may further include a display, which may be the display device 200. Coded instructions installed in the simulator 10, i.e., software, may guide the interaction of the end user 12 with the simulator 10 by displaying instructions and / or menu options on the display screen 200. The interaction with the simulator 10 may include functions related to management operation or simulation setting and activation. This may include selection of a particular welding process and electrode type, as well as setting of the part including the welding position. Selections made using the welding unit interface 130 are reflected on the display device 200.

  FIG. 6 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the console 135 and the welding user interface 130. The welding unit interface 130 may include a series of buttons 131 corresponding to the user selection unit 153 used during the setting and operation of the simulator 10. The button 131 may be colored so as to correspond to the color of the user selection unit 153 displayed on the display device 200. When one of the buttons 131 is pressed, a signal is sent to the logical processor based subsystem 110 to activate the corresponding function. The welding unit interface 130 may also include a joystick 132 that can be used by the user to select various parameters and options displayed on the display device 200. The welding unit interface 130 includes, in one exemplary manner, a dial or knob 133 that can be used to adjust the wire feed speed / ampere, and another dial or knob 134 for adjusting the bolt / trim. In addition. The welding unit interface 130 also includes a dial or knob 136 for selecting an arc welding process. According to one embodiment of the present invention, three arc welding processes are selectable including flux cored arc welding (FCAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and coated metal arc welding (SMAW). The welding unit interface 130 further includes a dial or knob 137 for selecting the welding polarity. According to one embodiment of the present invention, three arc welding polarities are selectable including alternating current (AC), positive direct current (DC +), and negative direct current (DC-). It should be noted that other welding processes and setting features, including but not limited to TIG welding, may be incorporated without departing from the intended scope of the subject of the embodiments of the present invention. From the above, it will be readily understood that the setting of the simulator 10 corresponds to the setting of a real-world device (parallels).

  A graphical user interface function 1213 (see FIG. 12) can be viewed through the observer display device 150 and allows a user using the joystick 132 of the physical user interface 130 to set up a welding scenario. Welding scenario settings include language selection, end user name input, practice plate (eg, welding coupon, T-plate, flat plate) selection, welding process (eg, FCAW, GMAW, SMOW, TIG) and Selection of accompanying short-arc mode of axial spray, pulse or transition, selection of gas type and flow rate, selection of rod electrode type (eg E6010 or E7018) and flux cored wire type (eg self-shielding, gas Shield) selection may be included. The setting of the welding scenario may also include the height of the coupon stand 170, described in detail below. Welding scenario settings include selecting environment (eg, virtual reality space background environment), setting wire feed speed, setting voltage level, selecting polarity, and turning certain visual cues on or off Is further included. It is noted here that in one embodiment, restrictions may be incorporated into the simulator 10. The limit may be a software limit that prevents the operation of a given welding scenario from occurring until the appropriate settings for the selected process are properly entered. Thus, the trainee user 12a teaches or learns an appropriate range of real-world welding settings by setting a virtual welding scenario.

  In response, the display device 200 reflects actions corresponding to the end user selector 153, including menus, actions, visual cues, new coupon settings and scoring. These user selectors can be tied to user buttons on the console 135. As the user makes various selections via the display device 200, the displayed features may change to provide the user with the selected information and other options. However, the display device 200 which may be the observer display device 150 may have other functions. Its function is to display a virtual image seen by the end user 12 during operation of the simulator 10, ie, while working on a virtual welding operation. The display device 200 may be set to view the same image as viewed by the end user 12. Alternatively, the display device 200 may also be used to display different views or different viewpoints of the virtual welding operation.

  In one embodiment, the display devices 150, 200 may be used to replay virtual welding operations that are stored electronically in the data storage device 300 shown in FIG. Data representative of the end user's 12 virtual welding operation may be saved for playback and review, downloaded for record keeping purposes, and / or viewed and reviewed in real time. May be sent to a remote location for In the reproduction of the virtual welding operation, the fluidity and moving speed of the weld paddle, as well as, for example, improper fillet size, insufficient bead placement, concave bead, surplus, undercut, porosity, poor fusion, slag entrainment, Details such as discontinuity state 152, including excessive spatter and burn through, may be presented. Undercuts can also be displayed that are the result of angles that deviate from the allowable angle. Furthermore, the porosity caused by moving the arc too far away from the weld may be displayed. In this way, the simulator 10 can replay part or all of a specific virtual welding operation and model all aspects of a virtual welding scenario including closures and defects that are directly related to the end user's operation. it can.

  Referring to FIG. 6a, the simulator 10 can also analyze and display the results of the virtual welding operation. Analyzing the results shows that the simulator 10 can determine when and where along the weld joint the welder has deviated from the acceptable limits of the welding process. The score can be attributed to the performance of the end user 12. In one embodiment, the score may be a function of deviations in the position, orientation, and speed of the simulated welding tool 160 that passes the tolerance. This tolerance can range from ideal welding hand movements (passes) to limited or unacceptable welding operations. Any gradient in the range can be incorporated into the simulator 10 as selected to score the end user 12 performance. The scoring can be displayed numerically or alphanumerically. In addition, the performance of the end user 12 can be displayed graphically showing how close the simulated welding tool has crossed the weld joint at a time and / or location along the weld joint. Parameters such as travel angle, workpiece angle, speed, distance from weld joint, etc. are examples of what can be measured, but any parameter can be analyzed for scoring purposes. Parameter tolerances are taken from real-world welding data, thus providing accurate feedback on how the end user performs in the real world. In other embodiments, an analysis of defects corresponding to the performance of the end user 12 can also be incorporated and displayed on the display device 150,200. In this embodiment, a graph can be drawn that shows what type of discontinuities resulted from the measurement of various parameters monitored during the virtual welding operation. Although the closure cannot be seen on the display device 200, defects can still occur as a result of the performance of the end user 12, and this result can be displayed correspondingly, ie graphed.

  Display device 200 may also be used to display tutorial information for training end user 12. Examples of tutorial information may include instruction, which may be displayed graphically as depicted by video or photographs. In addition, the instruction may be written or presented in the auditory form described above. Such information may be stored and maintained in the data storage device 300. In one embodiment, the simulator 10 is a virtual welding scene showing various welding parameters 151, including position, tip-to-work distance, welding angle, moving angle, moving speed, referred to herein as a visual cue. Can be displayed.

  In one embodiment, telecommunications is used to provide virtual instruction by remotely located persons, i.e. remote users, working from similar or dissimilarly configured devices, i.e. simulators. Can be done. Drawing the virtual welding process may be accomplished via network connections including but not limited to the Internet, LANs and other means of data transmission. Data representative of a particular weld (including performance variables) may be sent to other systems that can display virtual images and / or weld data. It should be noted that the data transmitted is sufficiently detailed for the remote user (s) to analyze the welder's performance. Data sent to the remote system may be used to create a virtual welding environment, thereby recreating one particular welding process. It should be noted that any method for communicating performance data or virtual welding operations to other devices may be implemented without departing from the intended scope of the subject of the embodiments of the present invention.

Welding Coupon Referring now to FIGS. 1, 9 a and 9 b, the simulator 10 may include a welding coupon 175 similar to a plurality of pipe sections that are juxtaposed to form a weld joint 176. The welding coupon 175 may work with the simulator 10 that serves as a guide for the end user 12 while working on a virtual welding operation. Multiple weld coupons 175 may be used, i.e., exchanged, for use in a given cycle of virtual welding operations. Types of weld coupons may include cylindrical pipe sections, arcuate pipe sections, flat plates and T-plate weld joints, just to name a few examples. In one embodiment, each weld coupon may incorporate an open root joint or groove. However, any configuration of a weld joint can be incorporated into a weld coupon without departing from the intended scope of the subject of the embodiments of the present invention.

  The dimensions of the welding coupon 175 may vary. For cylindrical pipes, the range of inner diameters can range from one-half inch (about 3.8 cm) (inside diameter) to 18 inches (about 45.7 cm) (inside diameter). In one particular embodiment, the inner diameter range may exceed 18 inches. In one other embodiment, the arcuate pipe section has a characteristic radius that ranges from one-half inch (inner diameter) up to 18 inches (inner diameter) and greater than 18 inches (inner diameter). Can do. Further, it should be construed that any inner diameter of the weld coupon 175, both inner diameters less than one and a half inches and greater than 18 inches can be utilized. In a practical sense, any size weld coupon 175 can be used as long as the weld coupon 175 or a portion of the weld coupon 175 fits within the envelope generated by the spatial tracker 120. A flat plate may similarly be up to 18 inches and may exceed 18 inches. Moreover, it is understood that the upper limit of the dimensions of the weld coupon 175 is only constrained by the size and strength of the sensing field generated by the spatial tracker 120 and the ability of each of the weld coupons 175 to be placed. Should be. All such variations are to be construed as being included within the intended scope of the objects of the embodiments of the invention.

  As described above, the weld coupon 175 may be constructed from a material that does not interfere with the space tracker 120. Because the space tracker generates a magnetic field, the weld coupon 175 may be constructed from non-ferrous and non-conductive materials. However, any type of material suitable for use with the spatial tracker 120 or other selected sensor type may be selected.

  Referring to FIGS. 9 a and 9 b, the weld coupon 175 may be constructed to fit a table or stand 170, and the table or stand 170 may have the weld coupon 175 fixed (at least partially) relative to the space tracker 120. Hold). Accordingly, the weld coupon 175 may include a connection 177 or a connector 177. The connection 177 may extend from one side of the welding coupon 175, which may be the bottom side as shown. Further, the connecting portion 177 may be received by a mechanical interlocking device included in the stand 170. The orientation in which the welding coupon 175 is inserted into the stand 170 may need to be constant, i.e., repeatable, in order to precisely match the virtual weld made in the virtual welding environment 15, i.e., the pipe. Will be clearly understood. In this way, as long as the simulator 10 is aware of how the position of the welding coupon 175 has changed, adjustments to the virtual counterpart can be made accordingly. For example, during setup, the end user 12 may select the size of the pipe to be welded. The end user 12 may then insert the appropriate welding coupon 175 into the stand 170 and lock it in place. Subsequently, the end user 12 may make a selection via the welding user interface 130 to select a desired welding posture. As will be described later, the stand 170 may be subsequently tilted or adjusted to any position in which the welding coupon 175 is recognized by the simulator 10. Of course, it is clearly understood that adjusting the position of the weld coupon 175 also adjusts the position of the spatial tracker 120, thereby maintaining the relative position of the weld coupon 175 within the sensor tracking field. Will.

  FIG. 9 depicts one embodiment of a stand 170. The stand 170 may include an adjustable table 171, a stand base 172, an adjustable arm 173 and a vertical post 174. The table 171 and the arm 173 are each attached to a vertical column 174. The table 171 and the arm 173 can each be adjusted along the height of the vertical column 174. The adjustment may include upward, downward and rotational movement with respect to the vertical strut 174. Arm 173 is used to hold the weld coupon in a manner consistent with the method described herein. The table 171 may assist the end user 12 by allowing him or her to place an arm during use. In one particular embodiment, the vertical strut 174 is indexed with positional information so that the user can know exactly where the arm 173 and table 171 are located vertically. This information can be entered into the simulator 10 during setup using the welding user interface 130 and the display device 150.

  One alternative embodiment of the present invention contemplates that the positions of table 171 and arm 173 are automatically adjusted in response to selections made during simulator 10 setup. In this embodiment, selections made via the weld user interface 130 can be communicated to the logical processor based subsystem 110. Actuators and feedback sensors utilized by the stand 170 can be controlled by the logical processor based subsystem 110 to place the weld coupon 175 without physically moving the arm 173 and table 171. In one embodiment, the actuator and feedback sensor may be an electrically driven servo motor. However, any locomotive device can be used to automatically adjust the position of the stand 170 to be selected with a reliable engineering judgment. In this way, the process of setting the welding coupon 175 is automated and does not require manual adjustment by the end user 12.

  One other embodiment of the present invention involves the use of an intelligent device used with a welded coupon 175, referred to herein as a “smart” coupon 175. In this embodiment, weld coupon 175 includes a device having information regarding that particular weld coupon 175 that can be sensed by stand 170. Specifically, arm 173 may include a detector that reads data stored on or in a device located on welding coupon 175. Examples may include the use of coded digital data on a sensor, such as a small electronic device, that can be read wirelessly when carried near a detector. Other examples may include the use of passive devices such as bar codes. It should be noted that any method that intelligently communicates information about the welding coupon 175 to the logical processor-based subsystem 110 can be selected with a reliable engineering judgment.

  The data stored on the welding coupon 175 can automatically indicate to the simulator 10 the type of welding coupon 175 inserted into the stand 170. For example, a 2 inch (about 5.1 cm) pipe coupon may contain information related to its diameter. Alternatively, a flat plate coupon may include information indicating the type of weld joint included in the coupon, such as a groove weld joint or a butt weld joint, and also information indicating its physical dimensions. In this manner, information regarding the welding coupon 175 can be used to automate that portion of the simulator 10 settings related to the selection and installation of the welding coupon 175.

  The calibration function 1208 (see FIG. 12) provides the ability to match physical components in the real world space (3D reference coordinate system) with visible components in the virtual reality environment 15. Each different type of weld coupon 175 attaches the weld coupon 175 to the arm 173 of the stand 170 and is operatively connected to the stand 170 at a predetermined point 179 (eg, indicated by three recesses 179 in the weld coupon 175). The calibration is done at the factory by touching the welding coupon 175 with a calibration stylus. The simulator 10 reads the strength of the magnetic field at a given point 179 and provides position information to the logic processor based subsystem 110, which is calibrated (ie, virtual from real world space The position information is used to perform conversion to real space.

  Thus, any portion of the same type of weld coupon 175 fits into the arm 173 of the stand 170 in the same repeatable manner within very tight tolerances. Thus, once a particular type of weld coupon 175 is calibrated, there is no need for repeated calibration of similar coupons. That is, the calibration of a particular type of welding coupon 175 is a one-time event). In other words, welding coupons 175 of the same type can be exchanged. The calibration ensures that the physical feedback perceived by the user during the welding process matches that displayed to the user in virtual reality space and makes the simulation look more realistic. For example, when the user slides the tip of the simulated welding tool 160 near the corner of the actual welding coupon 175, the user feels that the tip slides near the actual corner while the display device At 200, see the tip slide near the corner of the virtual welding coupon. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the simulated welding tool 160 may also be placed on a pre-positioned jig and similarly calibrated based on known jig positions.

  According to one alternative embodiment of the present invention, the “smart” coupon has a sensor that allows the simulator 10 to add a predetermined calibration point or corner of the “smart” coupon. May be. The sensor may be attached to the weld coupon 175 at the exact location of the predetermined calibration point. However, any method for transmitting calibration data to the simulator 10 can be selected. Thus, the simulator 10 continuously knows where the “smart” coupon is in the real world 3D space. In addition, a license key may be provided to “unlock” the welding coupon 175. When a particular welding coupon 175 is purchased, a license key may be provided and the end user 12a, 12b enters the license key into the simulator 10 and unlocks the software associated with that particular welding coupon 175. Make it possible to do. In one other embodiment, special non-standard welding coupons may be provided based on real-world CAD drawings of parts.

Processor-Based System Referring now to FIGS. 2, 4 and 10, the simulator 10 includes a logical processor-based subsystem 110 as described above. The logic processor based subsystem 110 may have a programmable electronic circuitry 200 for executing coded instructions used to create the virtual welding environment 15. Programmable electronic circuitry 200 may include one or more logical processors 203 or logical processor-based systems 203, which may have one or more microprocessors 204. In one particular embodiment, the programmable electronic circuitry 200 may be comprised of a central processing unit (CPU) and a graphics processing unit (GPU), which will be further described below. For example, additional circuitry may be included, such as electronic memory, i.e. RAM, ROM, and other peripheral support circuitry. Electronic memory may be included for both the CPU and GPU, each of which may be separately programmable for use in the rendering aspect of the virtual welding environment 15 as described herein. Is noted. In addition, programmable electronic circuitry 200 may include and utilize a data storage device 300 such as, for example, a hard disk device, a post-mortem storage device, a flash memory, and the like. It should be noted that other types of electronic circuit configurations that facilitate the movement of data between multiple devices in the simulator 10 or between different simulators 10 may be included. This may include, for example, data reception from one or more input devices 155, such as spatial trackers or sensors, or data movement through one or more networks. The one or more networks may be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or the Internet. It should be understood that the apparatus and processes described above are exemplary in nature and should not be construed as limiting. Indeed, any form of programmable circuit configuration, support circuit configuration, communication circuit configuration and / or data storage device can be incorporated into embodiments of the present invention to be selected with a reliable engineering judgment. .

  FIG. 10 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a subsystem block diagram of the logic processor-based subsystem 110 of the simulator 10. The logical processor based subsystem 110 may include a central processing unit (CPU) 111 and two graphics processing units (GPU) 115. The two GPUs 115 may be programmed to provide a virtual reality simulation of a weld paddle with real-time molten metal fluidity and heat absorption and dissipation characteristics, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 11, one exemplary embodiment of a block diagram of a graphics processing unit (GPU) 115 is shown. Each GPU 115 supports implementation of a data parallel algorithm. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, each GPU 115 provides two video outputs 118 and 119 that can provide two virtual reality views. Two of the video outputs can be sent to the face mount display device 140, rendering the welder's viewpoint, and a third video output can be sent to the observer display device 150, eg, Render a viewpoint or other viewpoint. The remaining fourth video output may be sent to a projector, for example, or used for any other purpose suitable for simulating the virtual welding environment 15. Both GPIs 115 may perform the same welding physics calculations, but may render the virtual welding environment 15 from the same or different viewpoints. The GPU 115 includes a Computed Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) 116 and a shader 117. CUDA 116 is a computational engine of GPU 115 that is accessible to software developers through an industry standard programming language. CUDA 116 includes parallel cores and is used to run the physical model of the weld paddle simulation described herein. The CPU 111 provides real-time welding input data to the CUDA 116 of the GPU 115. In one particular embodiment, the shader 117 is responsible for drawing and painting all the images of the simulation. Bead and paddle images are driven by the state of a weld pixel displacement map, described below. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the physical model moves and is updated at a rate of approximately 30 times per second.

  FIG. 12 shows one exemplary embodiment of a functional block diagram of the simulator 10. The various functional blocks of the simulator 10 may be implemented primarily by software instructions and modules that operate on the logical processor based subsystem 110. Various functional blocks of the simulator 10 include a physical interface 1201, a torch and clamp model 1202, an environment model 1203, an audio content function 1204, a welding sound 1205, a stand / table model 1206, an internal architecture function 1207, a calibration function 1208, and a coupon model 1210. , Welding physics 1211, internal physics adjustment tool (fine adjuster) 1212, graphical user interface function 1213, graphing function 1214, apprentice report function 1215, renderer 1216, bead rendering 1217, 3D texture 1218, visual cue function 1219, scoring and tolerance function 1220, tolerance editor 1221, and special effects 1222.

  The internal architecture function 1207 provides higher level software logistics of the process of the simulator 10 including, for example, reading files, retaining information, managing threads, turning on physics models, and running menus. To do. The internal architecture function 1207 operates in the CPU 111 in the embodiment of the present invention. Some real-time inputs to the logic processor based subsystem 110 include arc position, gun position, face mount display or helmet position, gun on / off status, and touched status (yes / no). .

  During the simulated welding scenario, the graphing function 1214 collects user performance parameters and graphical user interface functions 1213 for display of the user performance parameters in a graphical format (eg, on the observer display device 150). To provide. Tracking information from the spatial tracker 120 enters the graphing function 1214. The graphing function 1214 includes a simple analysis module (SAM) and a whip / weave analysis module (WWAM). The SAM analyzes user welding parameters, including workpieces from welding movement angle, movement speed, welding angle, position, and tip, by comparing those welding parameters to data stored in a bead table. WWAM analyzes user whipping parameters, including dime interval, whipping time, and paddle time. WWAM also analyzes user weaving parameters including weave width, weave interval, and weave time. SAM and WWAM translate raw input data (eg, position and orientation data) into functionally usable data for graphing. For each parameter analyzed by SAM and WWAM, a tolerance window is defined by parameter limits around the optimal or ideal set point entered into the bead table using the tolerance editor 1221, and the scoring and A tolerance function 1220 is executed.

  The tolerance editor 1221 includes a weld meter that approximates material usage, electricity usage, and welding time. Furthermore, when some parameters are out of tolerance, weld discontinuities (ie, weld defects) can occur. Any weld discontinuity condition is processed by the graphing function 1214 and presented in graphical form via the graphical user interface function 1213. Such weld discontinuities include fillet size, poor bead placement, concave beads, surging, undercut, porosity, poor fusion, slag entrainment, and excessive spatter. According to one embodiment of the invention, the level or amount of discontinuity depends on how far a particular user parameter is from the optimal or ideal set point.

  Different parameter limits may be predetermined for different types of users, such as, for example, welding beginners, welding experts, and exhibition people. The scoring and tolerance function 1220 provides a number of scoring that depends on how close the user is to the optimum (ideal) for a particular parameter and on the level of discontinuities or defects present in the weld. Information from the scoring and tolerance function 1220 and from the graphing function 1214 can be used by the trainee report function 1215 to create a performance report for the instructor and / or trainee.

  The visual cue function 1219 provides immediate feedback to the user by displaying colors and indicia superimposed on the face mount display 140 and / or the viewer display 150. Visual cues are provided for each of the welding parameters 151 including position, tip to workpiece, welding angle, travel angle and travel speed, and certain aspects of the user's welding procedure are based on predetermined limits or tolerances. If it should be adjusted, visually indicate to the user. Visual cues can also be provided, for example, for whip / weave procedures and weld bead “dime” intervals.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, simulation of a weld paddle or weld pool in virtual reality space is achieved when the simulated weld paddle has real-time molten metal fluidity and heat dissipation characteristics. The According to one embodiment of the present invention, at the center of the weld paddle simulation is a weld physics function 1211 (also known as a physical model) executed on the GPU 115. Weld physics functions utilize double moving bed technology to accurately model dynamic fluidity / viscosity, solidity, thermal gradients (heat absorption and dissipation), paddle traces, and bead geometry. This will be described in more detail herein with respect to FIGS. 14a-14c.

  Weld physics function 1211 communicates with bead rendering function 1217 to render the weld bead in all states, from a heated molten state to a cooled solidified state. The bead rendering function 1217 uses information (eg, heat, fluidity, displacement, dime spacing) from the welding physics function 1211 to accurately and realistically render the weld bead in virtual reality space in real time. . The 3D texture function 1218 provides a texture map to the bead rendering function 1217 for overlaying additional textures (eg, scorching, slag, grains) on the simulated weld bead. To do. The renderer function 1216 uses information from the special effects module 1222 that includes sparks, spatter, smoke, arc glow and fume, and several discontinuities such as undercut and porosity, for various non-paddle functions. Used to render specific characteristics.

  The internal physical adjustment tool 1212 is a fine tuner that allows various welding physics parameters to be defined, updated, and modified for various welding processes. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the internal physical adjustment tool 1212 operates on the CPU 111 and the adjusted or updated parameters are downloaded to the GPU 115. The types of parameters that can be adjusted via the internal physical adjustment tool 1212 allow the process to be changed without having to reset the parameters associated with the weld coupon, the weld coupon (allowing a second pass to be made) Process parameters, various global parameters that can be changed without resetting the entire simulation, and various other parameters.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a training method 1300 using the simulator 10. In step 1310, the simulated welding tool is moved relative to the welding coupon according to the welding procedure. In step 1320, the virtual reality system is used to track the position and orientation of the simulated welding tool in 3D space. In step 1330, the simulated simulated welding tool forms a simulated weld bead in the vicinity of the simulated arc emitted from the simulated simulated welding tool. Virtual reality welding system display showing a simulated welding tool in virtual reality space and a real-time virtual reality simulation of the welding coupon when depositing material on at least one simulated surface of the simulated welding coupon I see. In step 1340, the simulated weld paddle real-time molten metal fluidity and heat dissipation characteristics are viewed on a display. In step 1350, at least one aspect of the welding procedure is modified in real time in response to viewing the simulated molten metal fluidity and heat dissipation characteristics of the simulated weld paddle.

  The method 1300 allows a variety of simulated weld paddles, including how a user can see the weld paddles in virtual reality space, including real-time molten metal fluidity (eg, viscosity) and heat dissipation. Shows whether the welding procedure can be modified in response to looking at the properties. The user can also see and react to other properties, including real-time paddle tracks and dime intervals. Viewing and reacting to the characteristics of the weld paddle is how many welding operations are actually performed in the real world. Double moving bed modeling of weld physics function 1211 running on GPU 115 allows such real-time molten metal fluidity and heat dissipation characteristics to be accurately modeled and shown to the user. For example, heat dissipation determines the solidification time (i.e., how long it takes for the weld pixel to solidify completely).

  Further, the user may make a second pass over the weld bead material using the same or different (eg, second) simulated welding tools, welding electrodes, and / or welding processes. In such a second pass scenario, the simulated simulated welding tool forms a second simulated weld paddle near the simulated arc emitted from the simulated simulated welding tool When coating a second simulated weld bead material that fuses with the first simulated weld bead material, the simulation simulates a simulated simulated welding tool, weld coupon, and original simulation The weld bead material made is shown in virtual reality space. Additional subsequent passes using the same or different welding tools or processes may be performed in a similar manner. In either the second or subsequent pass, according to some embodiments of the present invention, from any combination of the previous weld bead material, the new weld bead material, and optionally the underlying coupon material, When a new weld paddle is formed in virtual reality space, the previous weld bead material is merged with the new weld bead material to be coated. Such a subsequent pass may be performed, for example, to repair the weld bead formed by the previous pass, or one or more after the heat pass and the root pass, as is done in pipe welding. The above cap closing path may be included. According to various embodiments of the present invention, the base and weld bead material may be simulated to include mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, welding using stainless steel material is simulated in a real-time virtual environment. The appearance of the base metal is simulated to provide a realistic representation of the stainless steel weldment. A visual effect simulation is provided to change the visible spectrum of light to take into account the coloration of the arc. Realistic sounds are also simulated based on the appropriate workpiece distance, ignition and speed. The arc paddle appearance and deposition appearance are simulated based on the heat affected zone and torch motion. A simulation of dross or broken particles of an aluminum oxide or aluminum nitride film that can be scattered throughout the weld bead can be provided. Calculations related to categories affected by heating and cooling are tailored to stainless steel welding. A discontinuity operation related to spatter is provided to more accurately and accurately simulate the appearance of stainless steel GMAW welds.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, welding with aluminum material is simulated in a real-time virtual environment. The bead trace is simulated to closely match the appearance of the aluminum weld to that seen in the real world. The appearance of the base metal is simulated to show a realistic presentation of aluminum welding. A visual effect simulation is provided to change the visible spectrum of light to take into account the coloration of the arc. Lighting calculations are provided to create reflectivity. Calculations related to the segments affected by heating and cooling are tailored to aluminum welding. Oxidation simulations are provided to create realistic “cleaning operations”. Realistic sounds are also simulated based on the appropriate workpiece distance, ignition and speed. The arc paddle appearance and deposition appearance are simulated based on the heat affected zone and torch motion. The appearance of the aluminum wire is simulated in a GMAW torch to provide a realistic and appropriate appearance.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, GTAW welding is simulated in a real-time virtual environment. A simulation of operational parameters for GTAW welding is provided, including but not limited to flow rate, pulse frequency, pulse width, arc voltage control, AC balance and output frequency control. A visual presentation of paddle “splash” or dipping technique and consumable weld melt-off is also simulated. In addition, presentations of spontaneous welding operations (no filler metal) and GTAW welding operations using filler material in the weld paddle are rendered visually and audibly. Implementation of additional filler material types may be simulated, including but not limited to carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum and chromium molybdenum. An optional implementation of an external foot pedal may be provided for operation while welding.

Modeling Engine FIGS. 14a-14b illustrate the concept of a weld element (weld pixel) displacement map 1420, according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 a shows the side of a flat weld coupon 1400 having a flat top surface 1410. Welding coupon 1400 exists, for example, as a plastic part in the real world, and as a simulated welding coupon in virtual reality space. FIG. 14 b shows a representation of the top surface 1410 of a simulated weld coupon 1400 divided into a grid or array of weld elements, referred to as “weld pixels”, forming a weld pixel map 1420. Each weld pixel (eg, weld pixel 1421) defines a small portion of the top surface 1410 of the weld coupon. The weld pixel map defines the surface resolution. A variable channel parameter value is assigned to each weld pixel, allowing the value of each weld pixel to dynamically change in real time in the virtual reality weld space during the simulated welding process. Variable channel parameter values include channel paddles (fluidity / viscous displacement of molten metal), heat (heat absorption / dissipation), displacement (solid displacement), and additional (Extra) ( For example, it corresponds to various further states such as slag, grain, scorching, and new bullion. These variable channels are referred to herein as PHEDs for paddle, heat, additional, and displacement, respectively.

  FIG. 15 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the coupon space and weld space of the flat weld coupon 1400 of FIG. 14 simulated in the simulator 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2. Points O, X, Y and Z define a local 3D coupon space. In general, each coupon type defines a mapping from 3D coupon space to 2D virtual reality welding space. The weld pixel map 1420 of FIG. 14 is a two-dimensional array of values that map to a weld space in virtual reality. The user will weld from point B to point E as shown in FIG. A trajectory line from point B to point E is shown in both the 3D coupon space and 2D welding space of FIG.

  Each type of coupon defines the direction of displacement at each location in the weld pixel map. For the flat weld coupon of FIG. 15, the direction of displacement is the same everywhere in the weld pixel map (ie, the Z direction). The texture coordinates of the weld pixel map are shown as S, T (sometimes called U, V) in both 3D coupon space and 2D weld space to reveal the mapping. The weld pixel map is mapped to the rectangular surface 1410 of the weld coupon 1400 and shows the rectangular surface 1410 of the weld coupon 1400.

  FIG. 16 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a coupon space and a weld space for a corner weld coupon 1600 that is simulated in the simulator 10. The corner weld coupon 1600 has two faces 1610 and 1620 in the 3D coupon space, which are mapped to the 2D weld space as shown in FIG. Again, points O, X, Y and Z define a local 3D coupon space. The texture coordinates of the weld pixel map are shown as S, T in both 3D coupon space and 2D weld space to reveal the mapping. The user welds from point B to point E as shown in FIG. The trajectory line from point B to point E is shown in both the 3D coupon space and 2D welding space of FIG. However, the direction of displacement is towards the line X'-O 'as shown in the 3D coupon space and towards the opposite corner.

  FIG. 17 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a coupon space and weld space for a pipe weld coupon 1700 that is simulated in the simulator 10. The pipe WC 1700 has a curved surface 1710 in the 3D coupon space and is mapped to the 2D welding space. Again, points O, X, Y and Z define a local 3D coupon space. The texture coordinates of the weld pixel map are shown as S, T in both 3D coupon space and 2D weld space to reveal the mapping. The end user 12 is welded from the point B to the point E along a curved locus as shown in FIG. Trajectory curves and lines from point B to point E are shown in the 3D coupon space and 2D welding space, respectively. The direction of displacement is away from the line YO (ie away from the center of the pipe). FIG. 18 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of the pipe weld coupon 1700 of FIG. Pipe weld coupon 1700 is made of non-ferrous metal, non-conductive plastic and simulates two pipe pieces 1701 and 1702 that together form a root joint 1703. Also shown is an attachment piece 1704 for attachment to the arm 173 of the stand 170.

  A weldable weld pixel map can be mapped to the rectangular surface of the weld coupon in a similar manner that the texture map can be mapped to a geometric rectangular surface area. Each element of the weldable map is called a wexel (weld pixel) with the same feeling that each element of the photograph is called a pixel (short for picture element). A pixel includes a channel of information that defines a color (eg, red, green, blue, etc.). A weld pixel includes a channel of information (eg, P, H, E, D) that defines a weldable surface in virtual reality space.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, the format of the weld pixel is summarized as a channel PHED (paddle, heat, additional, displacement) containing four floating point numbers. The additional channels are treated as a set of bits that store logical information about the weld pixel, for example, whether there is a slag at the location of the weld pixel. The paddle channel stores the displacement value for any liquid metal at the location of the weld pixel. The displacement channel stores the displacement value for any solidified metal at the location of the weld pixel. The heat channel stores a value that gives the magnitude of heat at the location of the weld pixel. In this way, the weldable portion of the coupon can exhibit displacement due to the welded bead, flickering surface “paddles” due to liquid metal, color due to heat, and the like. All of these effects are realized by vertex and pixel shaders applied to the weldable surface.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, a displacement map and particle system is used so that particles can interact with each other and collide with the displacement map. The particles are virtual dynamic fluid particles that provide the liquid behavior of the weld paddle but are not rendered directly (ie, are not directly visible). Instead, only the effect of the particles on the displacement map is visually seen. Heat input to the weld pixel affects the motion of nearby particles. There are two types of displacement involved in simulating a weld paddle including paddle and displacement. Paddles are “temporary” and last only while particles and heat are present. The displacement is “permanent”. Paddle displacement is a rapidly changing (eg, flickering) welded liquid metal that can be considered “on” the displacement. The particles overlay (cover) a portion of the virtual surface displacement map (ie, the weld pixel map). The displacement represents an unchanging solid metal that includes both the initial base metal and the solidified weld bead.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, a simulated welding process in virtual reality space moves as follows: particles flow from a thin cone emitter (emitter of simulated simulated welding tool 160). The particles make initial contact with the surface of the simulated weld coupon, which is the surface defined by the weld pixel map. The particles interact with each other and with the weld pixel map and accumulate in real time. The closer the weld pixel is to the emitter, the more heat is applied. The heat is modeled depending on the distance from the arc point and the amount of time of heat input from the arc. Some visuals (eg color etc.) are driven by heat. A weld paddle is drawn or rendered in virtual reality space for a weld pixel with sufficient heat. Wherever it is hot enough, the weld pixel map becomes liquid, causing the paddle displacement to “raise” with respect to these weld pixel locations. The paddle displacement is determined by sampling the “highest” particle at each weld pixel location. As the emitter moves along the welding trajectory, the location of the remaining weld pixels cools. Heat is removed from the location of the weld pixel at a specific rate. When the cooling threshold is reached, the weld pixel map solidifies. In this way, paddle displacement is gradually converted into displacement (ie solidified beads). The added displacement is equivalent to the paddle removed so that the overall height does not change. The lifetime of the particles is fine tuned or adjusted to persist until solidification is complete. Some particle characteristics modeled by the simulator 10 include attractive / repulsive force, velocity (related to heat), damping (related to heat dissipation), direction (related to gravity).

  FIGS. 19 a-19 c illustrate one exemplary embodiment of the simulator 10 dual displacement (displacement and particle) paddle model concept. The welding coupon is simulated in virtual reality space with at least one surface. The surface of the weld coupon is simulated in virtual reality space as a double displacement layer including a solid displacement layer and a paddle displacement layer. The paddle displacement layer can change the solid displacement layer.

  As described herein, a “paddle” is defined by the area of the weld pixel map where the paddle value is raised by the presence of particles. The sampling process is represented in FIGS. 19a-19c. A portion of the weld pixel map is shown having seven adjacent weld pixels. The current displacement value is represented by an unshaded rectangular bar 1910 at a given height (ie, a given displacement for each weld pixel). In FIG. 19a, the particle 1920 is shown as a round, unshaded point that collides with the current displacement level and is stacked. In FIG. 19b, the “highest” particle height 1930 is sampled at the location of each weld pixel. In FIG. 19c, a shaded rectangle 1940 shows how much paddle was added to the top of the displacement as a result of the particles. The weld paddle height is not immediately set to the sampled value because the paddle is applied at a specific liquefaction rate based on heat. Although not shown in FIGS. 19a-19c, visualize the solidification process as the paddle (shaded rectangle) gradually shrinks and the displacement (unshaded rectangle) gradually extends from the bottom to accurately replace the paddle. Is possible. In this way, the flow characteristics of the molten metal in real time are accurately simulated. When the user practices a particular welding process, the user can observe the flow and heat dissipation characteristics of the molten metal in the real-time welding paddle in virtual reality space and adjust or adjust his welding procedure This information can be used to maintain.

  The number of weld pixels representing the surface of the weld coupon is fixed. Furthermore, paddle particles generated by simulation to model fluidity are temporary, as described herein. Thus, once the initial paddle is generated in virtual reality space during a simulated welding process using the simulator 10, the number of paddle particles in addition to the weld pixels tends to remain relatively constant. This is because the number of weld pixels being processed is fixed and the paddle particles are created and "destroyed" at a similar rate and are present and processed during the welding process because the paddle particles are temporary. This is because the number of paddle particles that tend to remain relatively constant. Thus, the processing load of the logical processor based subsystem 110 remains relatively constant during the simulated welding session.

  According to one alternative embodiment of the present invention, the paddle particles can be generated within or below the surface of the weld coupon. In such embodiments, the displacement may be modeled to be positive or negative with respect to the original surface displacement of the raw (ie, unwelded) coupon. Thus, paddle particles can not only accumulate on the surface of the weld coupon, but can also penetrate the weld coupon. However, the number of weld pixels is still fixed and the paddle particles that are created and destroyed are still relatively constant.

  According to one alternative embodiment of the present invention, instead of modeling particles, a weld pixel displacement map may be provided that has more channels to model the fluidity of the paddle. Alternatively, instead of modeling particles, a dense voxel map can be modeled. Alternatively, instead of modeling a weld pixel map, only particles that are sampled and never disappear can be modeled. However, such alternative embodiments may not provide a relatively constant processing load on the system.

  Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a blow-through or keyhole is simulated by removing material. For example, if the user holds the arc in the same place for too long, in the real world, the material will burn out, resulting in a hole. Such a blow-through in the real world is simulated by the simulator 10 by welding pixel decimation technology. If the amount of heat absorbed by the weld pixel is determined by the simulator 10 to be too high, the weld pixel can be flagged or designated as burned out and rendered as such (eg, as a hole). Rendered). However, subsequently, a weld pixel reconstruction may occur for a particular welding process (eg, pipe welding) in which material is added back after the initial burnout. In general, the simulator 10 simulates weld pixel decimation (removing material) and weld pixel reconstruction (ie, adding and returning material).

  Furthermore, material removal in route pass welding is appropriately simulated in the simulator 10. For example, in the real world, a root pass polishing may be performed before a subsequent weld pass. Similarly, the simulator 10 can simulate a polishing pass that removes material from a virtual weld joint. It will be clearly understood that the material to be removed is modeled as a negative displacement relative to the weld pixel map. That is, the polishing pass removes the material modeled by the simulator 10 and results in a modified bead profile. The polishing pass simulation can be automatic. That is, the simulator 10 removes a predetermined thickness of material, which can be considered on the surface of the root pass weld bead, respectively. In one alternative embodiment, an actual polishing tool, or grinder, can be simulated and turned on and off by actuation of the simulated welding tool 160 or other input device. It is noted that the polishing tool can be simulated to resemble a real world grinder. In this embodiment, the user operates the polishing tool along the root path to remove material in response to its movement. It will be appreciated that the user may be allowed to remove material excessively. If the user excessively polishes the material in a manner similar to that described above, holes or other defects (described above) may result. Further, hard limits or stops can be implemented, i.e., programmed, to prevent the user from excessively removing material or to indicate when material is excessively removed.

  In addition to the invisible “paddle” particles described herein, the simulator 10 also provides three other types of visible particles to represent arc, flame, and spark effects in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Is used. These types of particles do not interact with any other type of particle, but only with the displacement map. These particles collide with the simulated weld surface, but they do not interact with each other. According to one embodiment of the invention, only paddle particles interact with each other. The physical properties of the spark particles are set such that the spark particles fly around and are rendered as shining points in virtual reality space.

  The physical properties of the arc particles are set such that the arc particles strike the simulated coupon or weld bead surface and stay for a while. Arc particles are rendered as large, blurred pale spots in virtual reality space. Many such spots that are superimposed are needed to form any kind of visual image. The end result is a white glowing halo with blue ends.

  The physical properties of the flame particles are modeled to rise slowly upwards. Flame particles are rendered as medium-sized blurry yellow-red spots. Many such spots that are superimposed are needed to form any kind of visual image. The end result is a dull form of an orange-red flame with a red edge that goes up and disappears. Other types of non-paddle particles can be implemented in the simulator 10 according to other embodiments of the present invention. For example, smoke particles can be modeled and simulated in a manner similar to flame particles.

  The final step of the simulated visualization is handled by the vertex and pixel shader provided by shader 117 of GPU 115. Vertex and pixel shaders are used for paddles and displacement, as well as surface color and reflectivity that change due to heat, and so on. The additional (E) channel of the aforementioned PHED weld pixel format contains all of the additional information used for each weld pixel. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the additional information includes: raw bit (true = bead, false = raw steel), slag bit, undercut value (the amount of undercut in this weld pixel, zero is Including a bead trace value that encodes the time at which the bead solidifies, and a porosity value (the amount of porosity in this weld pixel, zero equals no porosity). There is a series of image maps associated with different coupon videos including raw steel, slag, beads, and porosity. These image maps are used for both bump mapping and texture mapping. The amount of blending of these image maps is controlled by various flags and values described herein.

  The bead trace effect is achieved using a 1D image map and a bead trace value per weld pixel that encodes the time at which a given piece of bead solidifies. Once the hot paddle weld pixel location is no longer hot enough to be called a “paddle”, the time is stored in that location and is called the “bead trace”. The end result is that the 1D texture map can be used by the shader code to draw a “ripple” that gives the bead its unique appearance that represents the direction in which the bead was placed. According to one alternative embodiment of the present invention, the simulator 10 moves from the simulated flow state of the simulated weld paddle to the setting as the simulated weld paddle is moved along the weld trajectory. A weld bead having real-time weld bead trace characteristics resulting from the transition can be simulated and displayed in virtual reality space.

  According to one alternative embodiment of the present invention, the simulator 10 can teach a user how to troubleshoot a welding machine problem. For example, the problem solving mode of the system may train the user to ensure that the user sets up the system correctly (eg, correct gas flow, correct power cord connection, etc.). According to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the simulator 10 can record and play back a welding session (or at least a portion of the welding session, eg, N frames). A trackball can be provided for scrolling through the frame of the video, allowing the user or mentor to review the welding session. Playback can also be provided at selectable speeds (eg, maximum speed, half speed, quarter speed). According to one embodiment of the present invention, split screen playback can be provided, allowing two welding sessions to be viewed side by side, for example, on the viewer display device 150. For example, a “good” welding session can be seen next to a “bad” welding session for comparison purposes.

  Automated welding is also an aspect of the present invention. One exemplary embodiment of automated welding is orbital welding. Orbital welding is often used for joining various types of material tubes or pipes. For example, a TIG (GTAW) welding torch can be used to orbit around a plurality of pipes to be welded together by an automated mechanical system. FIG. 20 illustrates one exemplary embodiment of an orbital welding system, such as used in an orbital welding environment. The orbital welding system includes a welding tractor that moves around a pipe or tube, a welding power source and control, and a pendant that provides operator control. FIG. 21 shows a weld tractor 2010 of the orbital welding system of FIG. 20 operatively connected to two pipes to be welded. FIG. 22 shows the power supply and control unit 2020 of the orbital welding system of FIG. FIG. 23 also shows the pendant 2030 of the orbital welding system of FIG.

  While the above description has focused on virtual reality simulations of processes involving orbital welding, embodiments of the present invention are not limited to that aspect and relate to welding made according to user-defined settings. Includes teaching and feedback aspects of actual settings and performance characteristics. As mentioned above, GTAW / GMAW welding requires training to ensure that the operator understands the controls available for practicing this process. As the machine is welding, there is a misconception that the automation associated with the orbital welding system eliminates the need for training. Automated orbital welding requires training to ensure that the operator understands all of the welding and specific settings and implementation techniques for controlling the TIG beads. This includes error correction, welding of larger diameter pipes, use of a remote camera and appropriate error evaluation and correction. The training program provides an inconsistent or inadequate range of teaching good welding situations, bad welding situations and mechanisms for performing, reacting to or modifying each. Instructors for this type of niche problem-solving are difficult to find with sufficient background and / or industrial knowledge and experience. Only through quality training taught by certified instructors, orbital welding equipment operators can gain the complex skills required to meet strict approval standards in today's welding environments. In addition, for large ambient designs with long welded joints, the difficulty of maintaining attention and concentration presents an important challenge.

  In the GTAW process, an arc is maintained between the non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece. The electrodes sustain the heat of the arc and the workpiece metal melts to form a weld paddle. The molten metal and electrodes of the workpiece must be protected against atmospheric oxygen, and therefore typically utilize an inert gas such as argon as a shielding gas. If filler material addition is used, the filler wire may be fed to the weld paddle where it melts due to the energy supplied by the arc. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a virtual reality welding system is provided that incorporates technologies related to viewing automated welding operations of GTAW / GMAW using a (real or virtual) pendant or remote control. Is done. The virtual reality welding system, when related to automated welding, understands the interaction of various parameters and their impact on weld quality, along with appropriate terminology and visual elements relevant to automated welding. In order to do this, through the use of the user screen, the welding discontinuity is specified based on the selected combination of welding parameters, and the operator selection and the combination of parameters are corrected.

  By implementing orbital GTAW training in a virtual environment, a number of issues can be addressed. For example, the industry and experience in orbital welding is based on the knowledge of the development company and is therefore updated to the latest technology and standards that are consistent and available. The update is easily performed by upgrading the software in the virtual environment. The instructor will be a facilitator for the program and need not be an orbital GTAW expert. Additional training aids such as path following cues or visual stacking improve training migration within the virtual environment. Orbital GTAW equipment can become obsolete, but need not be purchased. Virtual reality systems can be used in one or more training environments or situations around a classroom style.

  The use of a virtual framework allows multiple pendants to be simulated using a single training device. In an orbital GTAW implementation in virtual reality, the pendant can be made as a physical device or as a virtual pendant. Using material devices, apprentices can interact with the control device and gain a “feel” of control. When using virtual pendants, the control device is available and interacts on the touch screen, allowing the user to easily control various pendants for control whether they are specially ordered or company dependent. Can be selected. The virtual pendant is also a different type of control device or level (fieldwork) that should be enabled for use by the apprentice depending on the learning level or control device available based on the apprentice's industrial level. Reflecting experience). Unlike traditional training, randomized (random) faults (eg, wire nesting) can be performed. It provides a more detailed and complete experience for the user without damaging the equipment or setting up to consume time.

  Part of the learning interaction is an understanding of the appropriate welding parameters based on the joints, preparation, material type, etc. According to one embodiment, in virtual reality, the theory-enabled screen may be enabled to prompt the user with knowledge to make an appropriate selection. Additional screens or tables may be allowed to prompt the user with knowledge of what is to be entered, but what was chosen if the wrong choice was chosen and why it was inaccurate It may be possible to highlight what is with the appropriate options identified. This type of intelligent agent can make sure that apprentices do not perform incorrectly and are not frustrated by the final results, with active support and learning as the key. One embodiment of the present invention may also allow the system or instructor to query the user's knowledge and adapt the training curriculum and the test for personal user blind spots. One embodiment of the present invention utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and a Learning Management System (LMS) to help guide in the required areas, reinforce knowledge, and provide learning assistance.

  Setting parameters include inert gas (eg, argon, helium), arc ignition, welding current (eg, pulsed vs. non-pulsed), downhill function to avoid crater formation at the end of welding, torch rotational travel speed, wire Feeding characteristics (eg, pulse waveform), wire diameter selection, arc voltage, distance between electrode and workpiece, welding vibration control, remote control, cooling characteristics of generally integrated closed loop water cooling circuit and welding cycle programming ( But often with four axes), but not limited to.

  Welding inspection and review is one other aspect of the learning process. Apprentices can see the weld, identify what is right or wrong, and based on these choices, receive a score that identifies whether they were right, an industry standard Further input may be received regarding what is correct or incorrect based on the. This can be further extended to specify how to correct these situations. As an example, when using the correct amount of current and (specified) speed, the weld can be a good weld based on specific industry standards.

  As described above, a material educational pendant or hand-held controller for input selection in virtual reality welding can be provided. Alternatively, a virtual educational pendant device for input selection control for virtual reality welding can be provided. Depending on the apprentice's learning level or industrial role, interaction with a portable or virtual device may be enabled on the device. Restricting control or interaction based on the user may be provided in order to extend learning objects or enhance interaction with industrial roles, according to one embodiment.

  Teaching interactions or reactions based on visual, auditory or physical changes may be provided to ensure that the user knows the proper settings or error repair. Also, the taught interaction or reaction based on visual, auditory or physical changes is not appropriate for the controller where the user is required based on the environmental or welding specific changes being made. It may be provided to ensure that you know the changes. A virtual machine or table may be enabled to allow input and provide an output based on the input value. Results available to intelligent agents, based on incorrect configuration parameters or selections, may be provided to enhance accurate industry standards. In addition, the input available to the intelligent agent to identify what should have been the appropriate controller input may be provided based on current visual, audio or physical indicators. Good. According to one embodiment, simulation of a camera-based system may be provided along with creating a path following and path determination system based on a fuzzy logic controller based system. For example, multiple renderings by simulating two camera views may be provided so that multiple camera views can be moved during the simulation. According to one embodiment, for example, based on fuzzy logic, an alarm may sound when a desired route is deviated. Visualization of the simulated TIG weld paddle can be provided with a sufficiently small pixel size to provide adequate visualization of the TIG weld paddle. A simulation of the expansion of the simulated TIG weld paddle can also be provided for better visualization by the user.

  Multiple levels of experience for the user may be provided that suit the user's skill level, learning pace and learning style (adapting learning management system). Artificial intelligence (AI) based fault introduction may also be provided to test the user's ability to find, correct and repair problems. Simulations of unsafe situations, equipment settings and material defects may be provided. Also, according to one embodiment, a system with multilingual capabilities may be provided to allow training harmonization for the global market. One embodiment of the present invention may provide a virtual simulation environment that allows two or more users (multiple people) to create one virtual weld, as in a particular orbital welding scenario. .

  In summary, what is disclosed is a real-time virtual reality welding system, a programmable processor-based subsystem, a spatial tracker operably connected to the programmable processor-based subsystem, At least one simulated welding tool that can be tracked automatically and at least one display device operably connected to a programmable processor-based subsystem. The system can simulate a weld paddle with real-time molten metal fluidity and heat dissipation characteristics in virtual reality space. The system can also display the simulated weld paddle on the display device in real time.

  The present invention has been described herein with reference to a number of disclosed embodiments. Obviously, alterations and alternatives may come to the mind of others upon reading and understanding this specification. All such modifications and alternatives are intended to be included to the extent they fall within the scope of the appended claims or their equivalents.

Claims (23)

A simulator for facilitating virtual welding operation,
A logical processor based sub that can be used to execute coded instructions to create an interactive orbital welding environment that emulates weld settings and behavior for a virtual pipe section having at least one virtual weld joint system,
Display means operatively connected to the logical processor-based subsystem for visually depicting the interactive welding environment, the display means depicting a portion of the virtual pipe, and settings And a pendant or portable input device for performing a virtual welding operation on the at least one virtual welding joint in real time,
Having a simulator.   The simulator according to claim 1, wherein the input device emulates an input selection control device for virtual reality welding.   The simulator of claim 2, wherein the logical processor-based subsystem further comprises a controller or interaction restriction based on a user to extend the learning target.   The logical processor-based subsystem teaches interactive, based on visual, audio and physical changes to ensure that the user can properly set up an orbital welding environment or achieve error repair. The simulator according to claim 3, further comprising an action or a reaction.   The simulator of claim 4, wherein the logical processor based subsystem further comprises a virtual machine or table that allows input and provides an output based on an input value.   The simulator of claim 4, wherein the logical processor based subsystem further has results available to an intelligent agent based on an incorrect configuration parameter or combination of parameters.   The simulator of claim 6, wherein the logical processor based subsystem further comprises an input usable by an intelligent agent to identify an appropriate configuration parameter or combination of parameters to be input by a user. .   8. The simulator of claim 7, further comprising a visual, audible or physical indicator of the set parameter or parameter combination.   The simulator of claim 1 further comprising a simulated camera-based system for tracking the path of orbital welding.   10. The simulator of claim 9, further comprising a path following and path determination system based on a fuzzy logic controller based system.   The simulator of claim 1, wherein the logical processor-based subsystem further comprises a plurality of levels for a user, each level suitable for the skill level, learning pace and learning style of the user.   The simulator of claim 1, wherein the logical processor-based subsystem further comprises fault guidance based on artificial intelligence to test a user's ability to find, correct and repair problems.   The simulator of claim 12, wherein the logical processor based subsystem further comprises insecure situation simulation regarding equipment settings and material defects.   The simulator according to claim 1, having a multilingual function. A simulator for facilitating virtual welding operation,
A logical processor based sub that can be used to execute coded instructions to create an interactive orbital welding environment that emulates weld settings and behavior for a virtual pipe section having at least one virtual weld joint System,
The logical processor based subsystem teaches interaction based on visual, auditory and physical changes to ensure that the user can properly set up the orbital welding environment or achieve error repair Or further having a reaction,
Further, the logical processor based subsystem further comprises a virtual machine or table that allows input and provides an output based on the input value;
Further, the logical processor-based subsystem further has results available to the intelligent agent based on incorrect configuration parameters or parameter combinations.
Logical processor based subsystem,
Display means operatively connected to the logical processor-based subsystem for visually depicting the interactive welding environment, the display means depicting a portion of the virtual pipe, and settings And a pendant or portable input device for performing a virtual welding operation on the at least one virtual welding joint in real time, the input device comprising a control device for selecting an input for virtual reality welding. Emulate, input device,
Having a simulator. The logical processor based subsystem further comprises an input that can be used by an intelligent agent to identify an appropriate configuration parameter or combination of parameters to be input by a user;
The simulator according to claim 15.   The simulator of claim 16, further comprising a visual, audible or physical indicator of a set parameter or combination of parameters.   The simulator of claim 15, further comprising a camera-based system for tracking an orbital weld path.   19. The simulator of claim 18, further comprising a path following and path determination system based on a fuzzy logic controller based system.   16. The simulator of claim 15, wherein the logical processor based subsystem further comprises a plurality of levels for a user, each level suitable for the skill level, learning pace and learning style of the user.   The simulator of claim 15, wherein the logical processor-based subsystem further comprises fault guidance based on artificial intelligence to test a user's ability to find, correct and repair problems.   The simulator of claim 21, wherein the logical processor based subsystem further comprises an unsafe situation simulation regarding equipment settings and material defects.   The simulator according to claim 15, having a multilingual function.

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