JP2016509376A - 効率を改善するように構成された低バンドギャップ活性層を有する光活性デバイス及び関連する方法 - Google Patents
効率を改善するように構成された低バンドギャップ活性層を有する光活性デバイス及び関連する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 第1の電極と、
第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極の間に配置された活性領域と、
を備える光活性デバイスであって、
前記活性領域は、前記活性領域に衝突する放射を吸収し、放射の吸収に反応して前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極の間に電圧を発生するように構成され、約0.60eVと約2.10eVの間のバンドギャップを示す半導体材料を備えた少なくとも1つの活性層を含み、前記少なくとも1つの活性層は前記光活性デバイスの動作時に放射がそれを通って前記少なくとも1つの活性層に入射する前面、及び前記前面から前記少なくとも1つの活性層の反対側の裏面を有し、前記裏面は前記前面の表面粗さより大きな表面粗さを有する、光活性デバイス。 - 前記裏面が、前記少なくとも1つの活性層の内部から前記裏面に衝突する放射を反射するように構成されたトポグラフィを有する、請求項1に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記裏面の前記トポグラフィが前記少なくとも1つの活性層に平行な平面における平均断面寸法を有する複数のテクスチャ特徴を含み、前記平均断面寸法が約100ナノメートル(100nm)と約50ミクロン(50μm)の間である、請求項2に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層が、約100ミクロン(100μm)以下の実際の平均層厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層が、放射の吸収に反応して前記少なくとも1つの活性層内で発生された電子が、前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記実際の平均層厚さより大きな平均拡散距離を示すような組成を有する、請求項4に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層が少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントを含む、請求項1に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層内の前記少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントの濃度が、前記少なくとも1つの活性層にわたって濃度勾配を示し、前記少なくとも1つの活性層内の前記少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントにおける濃度は、前記裏面から前記前面まで延びる方向において減少する、請求項6に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記半導体材料がゲルマニウムを備える、請求項1に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記半導体材料が、少なくとも実質的に単結晶エピタキシャルゲルマニウムから構成される、請求項8に記載の光活性デバイス。
- 光活性デバイスを製作する方法であって、
活性領域を形成し、前記活性領域を、前記活性領域に衝突する放射を吸収し放射の吸収に反応して第1の電極と第2の電極の間に電圧を発生するように構成するステップであって、前記活性領域は約0.60eVと約2.10eVの間のバンドギャップを示す半導体材料を備えた少なくとも1つの活性層を含み、前記少なくとも1つの活性層は前記光活性デバイスの動作時に放射がそれを通って前記少なくとも1つの活性層に入射する前面、及び前記前面から前記少なくとも1つの活性層の反対側の裏面を有し、前記裏面は前記前面の表面粗さより大きな表面粗さを有する、ステップと、
前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極を形成するステップであって、前記活性領域に衝突する放射の吸収に反応して前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の間に電圧が発生される、ステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記活性領域を形成する前記ステップが、
前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記裏面が第1の基板に隣接して配置されるように、前記第1の基板の表面に前記少なくとも1つの活性層を形成するサブステップと、
前記少なくとも1つの活性層から第1の基板を除去し、前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記裏面を露出するサブステップと、
前記少なくとも1つの活性層から前記第1の基板を除去する前記サブステップの後に、前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記裏面を処理し、前記裏面に、前記前面の表面粗さより大きな表面粗さをもたせるサブステップと、
を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの活性層から前記第1の基板を除去する前記サブステップの前に、前記第1の基板と反対の側において前記少なくとも1つの活性層の上に第2の基板を付着するステップをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の基板と反対の側において前記少なくとも1つの活性層の上に前記第2の基板を付着する前記サブステップの前に、前記第2の基板上に前記活性領域の少なくとも1つの追加の活性層を形成するステップをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層から前記第1の基板を除去する前記サブステップの後に前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記裏面を処理する前記サブステップが、前記裏面を化学的にエッチングすること及び前記裏面を機械的に粗面化することの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の基板の前記表面上に前記少なくとも1つの活性層を形成する前記サブステップが、
前記少なくとも1つの活性層の前記半導体材料を備えた第1の層を、前記第1の基板に移転すること、及び
前記少なくとも1つの活性層の厚さを増加するように、前記第1の層上に前記半導体材料を備えた追加の層をエピタキシャル成長させること、
を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントで前記少なくとも1つの活性層をドープするステップをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの活性層を少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントでドープする前記ステップが、前記少なくとも1つの活性層内の前記少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントの濃度が前記少なくとも1つの活性層にわたる濃度勾配を示すように、前記少なくとも1つの活性層を前記少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントでドープするサブステップをさらに含み、前記少なくとも1つの活性層内の前記少なくとも1つのp型ドーパントの濃度は、前記裏面から前記前面まで延びる方向において減少する、請求項16に記載の方法。
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