JP2016504423A - 土壌浸食の防止方法 - Google Patents
土壌浸食の防止方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016504423A JP2016504423A JP2015537103A JP2015537103A JP2016504423A JP 2016504423 A JP2016504423 A JP 2016504423A JP 2015537103 A JP2015537103 A JP 2015537103A JP 2015537103 A JP2015537103 A JP 2015537103A JP 2016504423 A JP2016504423 A JP 2016504423A
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- guar
- soil
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- chloride
- erosion
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- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 claims abstract 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LTVDFSLWFKLJDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-tocopherolquinone Chemical group CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)(O)CCC1=C(C)C(=O)C(C)=C(C)C1=O LTVDFSLWFKLJDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1CO1 PUVAFTRIIUSGLK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WCCVMVPVUAVUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enamide;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(=C)C(N)=O WCCVMVPVUAVUFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GSBKRFGXEJLVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nervonyl carnitine Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)C GSBKRFGXEJLVMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZAFFWOKULJCCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)C.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZAFFWOKULJCCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 52
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYINQIKIQCNQOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-hydroxybutyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC(O)C[N+](C)(C)C OYINQIKIQCNQOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002704 mannoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000311 mannosyl group Chemical group C1([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- RNTIBYGPJVJCCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylmethanamine;ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)C.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C RNTIBYGPJVJCCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
- E02D3/126—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and mixing by rotating blades
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
Description
− カチオン性ヒドロキシエチルグアー(HEグアー)、カチオン性ヒドロキシプロピルグアー(HPグアー)、カチオン性ヒドロキシブチルグアー(HBグアー)などのカチオン性ヒドロキシアルキルグアー、および
− カチオン性カルボキシメチルグアー(CMグアー)と、カチオン性アルキルカルボキシグアー、例えばカチオン性カルボキシプロピルグアー(CPグアー)およびカチオン性カルボキシブチルグアー(CBグアー)と、カルボキシメチルヒドロキシプロピルグアー(CMHPグアー)とを含むカチオン性カルボキシアルキルグアー
からなる群から選択することができる。
− グアーA:塩化ヒドロキシプロピルグアーヒドロキシプロピルトリモニウム。DSは0.10、Mwは1.5Mダルトン、またCDは0.5meq/g。
− グアーB:非変性グアー。DSは0、Mwは2Mダルトン、またCDは0meq/g。
Claims (13)
- 非イオン性グアーおよび/またはカチオン性グアーを土壌上または土壌中に散布する、土壌浸食の防止方法。
- カチオン性グアーが、カチオン性エーテル化剤として第四級アンモニウム塩を使用することによって得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第四級アンモニウム塩が、塩化3−クロロ−2−ヒドロキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化2,3−エポキシプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム、塩化ジアリルジメチルアンモニウム、塩化ビニルベンゼントリメチルアンモニウム、トリメチルアンモニウム塩化エチルメタクリラート、塩化メタクリルアミドプロピルトリメチルアンモニウム、および塩化テトラアルキルアンモニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- カチオン性グアーが、
− カチオン性ヒドロキシエチルグアー(HEグアー)、カチオン性ヒドロキシプロピルグアー(HPグアー)、カチオン性ヒドロキシブチルグアー(HBグアー)などのカチオン性ヒドロキシアルキルグアー、および
− カチオン性カルボキシメチルグアー(CMグアー)と、カチオン性カルボキシプロピルグアー(CPグアー)およびカチオン性カルボキシブチルグアー(CBグアー)などのカチオン性アルキルカルボキシグアーと、カルボキシメチルヒドロキシプロピルグアー(CMHPグアー)とを含むカチオン性カルボキシアルキルグアー
からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - カチオン性グアーのヒドロキシアルキル化度が0から3の間に含まれる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- カチオン性グアーの置換度が0.005から3の間に含まれる、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- カチオン性グアーの電荷密度が0.1から2meq/gの間に含まれる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カチオン性グアーが、約100,000ダルトンから3,500,000ダルトンの間の平均分子量を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記非イオン性および/またはカチオン性グアーの用量が、土壌1ha当たり0.1から100kgの間に含まれる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非イオン性および/またはカチオン性グアーが、前記土壌へ噴霧することによって、または土壌と混ぜ合わせることによって散布される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 土壌が、埴土、砂質土、シルト質土、泥炭地、およびローム質土壌からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 非イオン性グアーおよび/またはカチオン性グアーを土壌上または土壌中に散布する、土壌の水の流出を防止する方法。
- 非イオン性グアーおよび/またはカチオン性グアーを土壌上または土壌中に散布する土壌浸食の防止方法によって得ることが可能な、土壌浸食に抵抗する安定処理土。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2012/083347 WO2014063300A1 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-10-23 | Method for preventing soil erosion |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016504423A true JP2016504423A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
Family
ID=50543860
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2015537103A Pending JP2016504423A (ja) | 2012-10-23 | 2012-10-23 | 土壌浸食の防止方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9884994B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2912144A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2016504423A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105189699A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012392929B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112015009061A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2888422C (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2626928C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014063300A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103983480B (zh) * | 2014-05-23 | 2016-11-16 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | 一种可移动式径流泥沙不同空间分布含沙量监测装置 |
WO2016160097A1 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-06 | Hppe Llc | Compositions and methods for the stabilization of clay-containing soils |
ITUB20160106A1 (it) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-03 | Euro Tsa S R L | Formulazione granulare fertilizzante in grado di aumentare la capacita´ di ritenzione idrica del terreno, procedimento per la sua preparazione e suoi usi. |
CN106211837A (zh) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-12-14 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | 一种采用微喷灌进行暗管排盐的方法及其在盐碱地改良中的应用 |
WO2020025475A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Rhodia Operations | Agrochemical composition and methods of preparing and using the same |
WO2020025503A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Rhodia Operations | Solid agrochemical composition and methods of preparing and using the same |
WO2020025474A1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Rhodia Operations | Liquid agrochemical composition and methods of preparing and using the same |
CN109294591A (zh) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-02-01 | 西北师范大学 | 一种天然土基生物胶土壤防水蚀材料的制备方法 |
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US3950179A (en) | 1974-05-17 | 1976-04-13 | Schneider Gordon L | Stabilization composition |
ATE78506T1 (de) * | 1986-11-07 | 1992-08-15 | Pfizer | Erosionsschutz fuer straende und duenen. |
SU1595871A1 (ru) | 1988-12-12 | 1990-09-30 | Львовский политехнический институт им.Ленинского комсомола | Состав дл закреплени почв и песков |
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-
2012
- 2012-10-23 JP JP2015537103A patent/JP2016504423A/ja active Pending
- 2012-10-23 EP EP12887230.6A patent/EP2912144A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-10-23 US US14/437,618 patent/US9884994B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-10-23 AU AU2012392929A patent/AU2012392929B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-10-23 BR BR112015009061A patent/BR112015009061A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-10-23 RU RU2015119464A patent/RU2626928C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-10-23 CN CN201280076570.8A patent/CN105189699A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
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US20150353825A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EP2912144A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
EP2912144A1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
CA2888422A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
WO2014063300A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
CA2888422C (en) | 2020-03-31 |
AU2012392929A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
AU2012392929B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
RU2015119464A (ru) | 2016-12-20 |
RU2626928C2 (ru) | 2017-08-02 |
US9884994B2 (en) | 2018-02-06 |
CN105189699A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
BR112015009061A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
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