JP2016166208A - 埋め込み型治療デバイス - Google Patents
埋め込み型治療デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016166208A JP2016166208A JP2016054670A JP2016054670A JP2016166208A JP 2016166208 A JP2016166208 A JP 2016166208A JP 2016054670 A JP2016054670 A JP 2016054670A JP 2016054670 A JP2016054670 A JP 2016054670A JP 2016166208 A JP2016166208 A JP 2016166208A
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- JLQFVGYYVXALAG-CFEVTAHFSA-N yasmin 28 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.C([C@]12[C@H]3C[C@H]3[C@H]3[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(CCC(=O)C=C5[C@@H]5C[C@@H]54)C)CC[C@@]31C)CC(=O)O2 JLQFVGYYVXALAG-CFEVTAHFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/0008—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein
- A61F9/0017—Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein implantable in, or in contact with, the eye, e.g. ocular inserts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
- A61K9/0051—Ocular inserts, ocular implants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本国際特許出願は、2010年8月5日に出願された米国特許出願第61/371,169号、名称「埋め込み型治療デバイス」、2010年8月5日に出願された米国特許出願第61/371,136号、名称「伸縮可能な治療用送達装置および方法」、2010年8月5日に出願された米国特許出願第61/371,154号、名称「薬剤送達のための注入器装置および方法」、2010年10月26日に出願された米国特許出願第61/406,934号、名称「埋め込み型治療デバイス」、および2010年10月27日に出願された米国特許出願第61/407,361号、名称「埋め込み型治療デバイス」基づく優先権を主張し、その全開示を参照によりここに援用するものである。
(a)免疫グロブリンG 150キロダルトン 10.5nm
(b)ウシ血清アルブミン 69キロダルトン 7.2nm
(c)免疫グロブリンGのFabフラグメント 49キロダルトン 流体力学的直径の報告なし
放出速度=(DP/F)A(cR−cV)/L
但し、
cR=リザーバ内の濃度
cV=リザーバ外、すなわち硝子体内の濃度
D=リザーバ溶液中の治療薬の拡散係数
P=多孔質構造体の多孔率
F=多孔質構造体のチャネルの蛇行パラメータに対応し得るチャネル・パラメータ
A=多孔質構造体の面積
L=多孔質構造体の厚さ(長さ)
累積放出率=1−cR/cR0=1−exp((−DPA/FLVR)t)
但し、t=時間、Vr=リザーバ容積
DTA,37C=DBSA,20C=(η20C/η37C)(MWBSA/MWTA)1/3
但し、MWは、BSAまたはテスト化合物の分子量を表し、ηは水の粘度である。以下に、対象となるタンパク質の拡散係数の一覧を示す。
cR=cR0exp((−D PA/FL VR)t)
累積放出=1−cR/cR0
cV=デバイスからの放出速度/kVV
治療デバイス100は、除去のために断面で折り畳み可能であって、治療薬の製剤の量を受容するように調整できるように、膨張したとき実質的に一定のリザーバ容積および実質的に一定の放出速度指数を有する膨張式デバイスであってもよい。膨張式デバイスは、強膜に連結される保持構造体と、貫通性隔壁と、可撓性隔壁に連結された可撓性支持部とを備える膨張式治療デバイスであってもよい。可撓性支持部は、第1の長さと第1の断面サイズとを有する第1の細長い幅狭プロファイル構成から、第2の長さと第2の断面サイズを有する第2の幅広プロファイル構成まで、膨張することが可能である。第2の幅広プロファイル構成では、眼に設置された時、実質的に一定の容積を有するチャンバが画成され、ここで第1の長さは第2の長さより長く、第1の断面サイズは第2の断面サイズより小さい。可撓性支持部および可撓性隔壁は、貫通性隔壁を通って細長い構造体を進入させるときに、長さを第2の長さから第1の長さまで増加し、断面サイズを第2のサイズから第1のサイズまで減少させるのに十分な可撓性を有する。
速度=Vr(dCr/dt)=−D(PA/TL)Cr
但し、速度=デバイスからの治療薬放出速度
Cr=リザーバ中の治療薬濃度
Vr=リザーバ容積
D=拡散定数
PA/TL=RRI
P=多孔率
A=面積
T=蛇行率=F=チャネル・パラメータ
実質的に一定の容積での注入の場合
Cr0=(注入容積)(製剤濃度)/Vr
但し、Cr0=製剤の注入後のリザーバ中の初期濃度
注入容積=50μLの場合
Cr0=(0.05mL)(10mg/mL)/Vr(1000μg/1mg)=500μg/Vr
速度=x(500μg)exp(−xt)
但し、t=時間
x=(D/Vr)(PA/TL)
硝子体での質量バランスを考慮して
Vv(dCv/dt)=デバイスからの速度=kVvCv
但し、Vv=硝子体容積(約4.5mL)
Cv=硝子体中の治療薬濃度
k=硝子体からの薬の速度(硝子体中の薬の半減期の逆数に比例)
ここに記載される実施態様に適切な場合、すなわちCvが実質的に一定のままであり時間とともにゆっくりと変化する(すなわち、dCv/dtが約0)場合、
Cv=(デバイスからの速度)/(kVv)
kVvが実質的に一定であるので、Cvの最大値は、デバイスからの速度を最大にする条件に対応するであろう。デバイスへの注入後任意の時間(例えば180日)に、最大速度を与えるxの値で最大Cv値が得られる。xの最適値は、任意の時間で、
d(速度)/dx=0を満たす。
速度=500(x)exp(−xt)=f(x)g(x)
但し、f(x)=500x,g(x)=exp(−xt)
d(速度)/dx=f’(x)g(x)+f(x)g’(x)=500(1−xt)exp(−xt)
任意の時間tに対して,1−xt=0すなわちxt=1のとき、d(速度)/dx=0となる。
速度は、(D/Vr)(PA/TL)t=1のとき最大となる。
任意の容積では、最適PA/TL=最適RRI=Vr/(Dt)
従って、任意の時間tでの最大Cvは、任意のVrで最適RRI=(PA/FL)のとき与えられる。
また、(Vr)/(RRI)比=(Vr)/(PA/TL)=Dtにより、その時の最適速度が決定されることになる。
例1
図8は、ルアーロック(商標)チップを有する1mLシリンジと様々な直径の針から作製された規定の直径を有する出口ポートを備えたリザーバを示す。針は、全長8mmに切断し、針ハブからの延出は2mmとした。顕微鏡を使用して、金属のバリを取り除いた。図8−1は、シリンジに取り付けられた針を示し、2.4mg/mLの分子量376Daのフルオレセインナトリウムのリン酸緩衝液(スペクトラム・ケミカルズ社、B−210)溶液が充填された。気泡を取り除き、0.05mLを分注できるようにシリンジを調整した。得られたリザーバの形状を図8−1に示す。第1の膨張した領域は、針ハブの内側とシリンジの先端とで規定される。第2の膨張した領域はシリンジの内側である。リザーバの全容積は0.14mLである。
表1C
図11は、1mLシリンジのルアーロックチップを切断して作製した多孔質膜を持つリザーバを示す。シリンジの端部は、平滑に傾斜させた。孔径0.2μmのナイロン膜をシリンジの端部に被せ、シリコーンチューブ片で固定した。シリンジの内径は4.54mm、露出膜面積が16mm2となる。ピストンを除去し、約100mLの300mg/mLウシ血清アルブミン(BSA、シグマ社、A7906−100G)加PBSを添加した。ピストンを元に戻し動かして、空気を除きかつ膜を通して少量の液体を押し出した。膜の外側およびシリンジは、水に短時間浸漬して洗い流した。その後、5mLのPBSを含有した15mLバイアルの中にリザーバを設置した。蒸発を防ぐために、バイアルの上部はパラフィンで密閉した。0.5〜1日の一定期間ごとに、リザーバを新たなPBSを含有するバイアルに移した。膜を通過する拡散は、バイアルに累積したBSAの量を可視光(280nm)の吸収を測定して求めた。2つの複製サンプルから求めた送達速度を図11−1に示す。このデータは、100kDa程度の分子量の対象治療薬が孔径0.2μmの多孔質膜を通って容易に移動することを示唆している。
ヒトIgG(ジャクソン・イムノリサーチ社、ChromPure)への結合に関して、クロマトグラフィー担体(バイオ・ラッド・ラボラトリーズ社)をスクリーニングする実験を行った。カラムを下記の10種類の担体で充填し、pH4.5の20mMアセテート緩衝液で平衡化した。
表2
眼の動きにより誘発される混合の影響を考察するために、例1〜3の実験を、撹拌しながら繰り返すことができる。更に、それらの実験を体温で行ってもよく、高温では拡散速度が大きいため、送達速度は速くなることが期待される。
1)補充中の抵抗がそれほど高くなく、細菌や細胞への隔壁となり;2)治療薬の送達速度の制御に貢献でき;および3)生体適合性がある膜を特定するために、一連の候補に対して実験を行うことができる。膜の候補は、孔径が治療薬のサイズに近い0.2μm以下である。透過速度を測定するためにドナー溶液とレシーバ溶液との間に膜を固定する際には、様々な固定具が使用可能である。更に、膜の性能は、例3と同様の方法を使用してデバイスのプロトタイプでテストすることが可能である。
媒体および条件がバッチ式またはフロースルー式方法でスクリーニングされたら、結合媒体を所定の箇所に載置するか、結合媒体を治療薬と一緒に注入して、デバイスを作製することができる。製剤は所望の賦形剤と一緒に調製することができ、治療薬送達速度を例1と同様の方法でモニターすることができる。
表3
少なくともいつくかのデバイス設計では、視覚への障害を最小限とするために、硝子体の中への延出は約6mm以内とする。更に、デバイスを硝子体の中へ延出することは、薬剤を眼球の壁から離れた所に放出できる点で有益であろう。抗体などの巨大分子は、本来、拡散プロセスよりもむしろ対流プロセスによって硝子体から排除される(硝子体液中の制御放出薬剤の対流および拡散輸送のコンピューターシミュレーション、Stay, MS, Xu, J, Randolph, TW; VH Barocas, Pharm Res, 2003, 20(1), pp.96-102参照)。対流は、硝子体中の網膜へ向かう流れとして、毛様体からの眼房水の分泌により生じる圧力によって推進される。網膜の周辺部へより多量の治療薬を送達しやすい眼球と面一のポートを有するデバイスとは異なり、出口ポートが硝子体の中に延出しているので、薬剤は対流により眼の後部および網膜の中心部へ送られるであろう。
23および30ゲージ針を使用して、例1に記載の放出試験を10週間継続して行った。結果は、フィックの拡散の法則に基づいてリザーバ中の濃度変化とリザーバからの放出速度の関係を示すモデルと比較した。この簡単なモデルは、リザーバ中の濃度が均一であり、レシーバ液すなわち硝子体中の濃度が無視できるものとしている。微分方程式を解くことにより、以下に示す、1つの開口を有するリザーバからの治療薬の累積放出率が与えられる:
累積放出率=1−cR/cR0=1−exp((−DA/LVR)t)
但し、
cR=リザーバ中濃度
VR=リザーバの容積
D=拡散係数
A=開口の面積
L=開口の厚さ
t=時間
リザーバは、シリンジおよび焼結多孔質チタンシリンダ(アプライド・ポーラス・テクノロジー社、モット・コーポレーション社、またはチャンド・アイゼンマン・メタラジカル社から入手可能)から作製した。これらは、チタン粒子から作製した直径0.062インチ、厚さ0.039インチの焼結多孔質シリンダである。平均孔径が3〜5マイクロメートル程度であり、多孔率は、0.17である。多孔質シリンダは、バブルポイントの測定によればメディアグレード0.2の特性を有する。多孔質シリンダは、デルリンから加工されたスリーブに圧入した。スリーブの1つの平坦面の全面がリザーバ中の溶液に、もう一方の平坦面がバイアル中のレシーバ溶液に露出しており、1.9平方ミリメートルの面積に対応する。1mLポリプロピレン製シリンジの先端を切断し、シリンジの内径よりわずかに大きい外径を有するポリマースリーブを受容するように加工した。多孔質シリンダ/スリーブを、このように改造したシリンジに圧入した。
リザーバは、例5に記載されたものと同様のシリンジおよび多孔質焼結チタンシリンダから作製した。多孔質焼結チタンシリンダ(アプライド・ポーラス・テクノロジー社.、モット・コーポレーション、またはチャンド・アイゼンマン・メタラジカル社から入手可能)は、直径0.082インチ、厚さ0.039インチ、メディアグレード0.2であり、チタン粒子から作製された。多孔率は、0.17であり、平均孔径は3〜5マイクロメートル程度である。多孔質シリンダは、バブルポイントの測定によればメディアグレード0.2の特性を有する。多孔質シリンダは、デルリンから加工されたスリーブに圧入した。スリーブの1つの平坦面の全面がリザーバ中の溶液に、もう一方の平坦面がバイアル中のレシーバ溶液に露出しており、3.4平方ミリメートルの面積に対応する。1mLポリカーボネート製シリンジの先端を切断し、シリンジの内径よりわずかに大きい外径を有するポリマースリーブを受け入れるように加工した。多孔質シリンダ/スリーブを、このように改造したシリンジに圧入した。接着剤付きのカプトンフィルムをレシーバ溶液に露出する表面に貼り付けてマスクとし、露出面積を減少させた。第1のケースでは、マスクの直径は0.062インチであり、レシーバ溶液へ露出している面積は1.9平方ミリメートルであった。第2のケースでは、直径が0.027インチ、露出している面積は0.37平方ミリメートルであった。
プロトタイプデバイスは、316Lステンレス鋼粒子から作製された、直径0.155インチ、厚さ0.188インチの円柱形状の焼結多孔質ステンレス鋼シリンダ(アプライド・ポーラス・テクノロジー社、モット・コーポレーションまたはチャンド・アイゼンマン・メタラジカル社から入手可能)とチューブから作製した。バブルポイントの測定によれば、多孔質シリンダはメディアグレード0.1の特性を有する。この試験は、メディアグレード0.1ステンレス鋼の抵抗特性を明らかにするために、面積が12mm2の既製の大型多孔質シリンダを使用して行った。
プロトタイプデバイスは、316Lステンレス鋼粒子から作製された、直径0.031インチ、厚さ0.049インチの円柱形状の焼結多孔質ステンレス鋼シリンダ(アプライド・ポーラス・テクノロジー社、モット・コーポレーションまたはチャンド・アイゼンマン・メタラジカル社から入手可能)とチューブから作製した。多孔質シリンダは、バブルポイントの測定によればメディアグレード0.2の特性を有する。この多孔質シリンダは、大直径のメディアグレード0.2の多孔質ステンレス鋼シリンダ(データ示さず)を使用しての以前の研究とここに記載されるようなモデルに基づく予測値から決定された特性を有する特注品である。多孔質シリンダの各面の面積は0.5mm2であった。
治療薬の硝子体中濃度は、ここに記載されるような式に基づいて予測可能である。表4は、シミュレーション1、シミュレーション2、シミュレーション3、シミュレーション4、およびシミュレーション5に適用したパラメータの値を示す。半減期および硝子体容積は、サルのモデルに対応する(J. Gaudreault et al., Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Ranibizumab (rhuFabV2) after a Single Intravitreal Administration, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 726-733) (Z.Yao et al., Prevention of Laser Photocoagulation Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Lesions by Intravitreal Doses of Ranibizumabin Cynomolgus Monkeys, ARVO2009 abstract D906)。放出速度プロファイルを決定するために、パラメータPA/FLを変化することができる。例えば、Aの値が約1mm2、多孔率が約0.1(PA=0.1mm2)、長さが約1mm、蛇行性に対応できるチャネル近似パラメータが約2(FL=2mm)であるとき、PA/TLは約0.05mmとなる。当業者は、ここに記載される教示に基づいて、長期間にわたって治療薬を徐放するための面積、多孔率、長さ、チャネル近似パラメータを経験的に決定することが可能である。
表4A
表4B
表4C1
表4D
表4E
トリアムシノロンアセトニドは、ブドウ膜炎や他の眼炎症を伴う疾患の治療に使用されるコルチコステロイドである。コルチコステロイドの局所投与に反応しない患者に、トリアムシノロンアセトニドの懸濁剤4mgを硝子体内注入することが可能である。ここに記載されるような計算は、長期間にわたって治療量を放出するであろうデバイスの特性を求めるために行われた。
図20は、例10と同様なリザーバにおける治療薬懸濁剤の時間放出プロファイルの計算結果を示す。RRIが1.2mmの10μLデバイスに関して、ヒト硝子体中のトリアムシノロンアセトニド濃度を求め示した。計算は、上記に示した懸濁剤用の式に基づいて行った。プロファイルは、数値シミュレーションにより作成した。T=0で即時に一定送達速度の1μg/日となると仮定すると、ヒト眼硝子体中の濃度が1日で定常状態値の99%以内に達する。薬剤放出プロファイルの反対側の端では、シミュレーションは、実質的にすべの固形薬剤が無くなったときの硝子体中濃度を示すが、溶解した薬剤の99%を超える量が1日以内に送達されている。
図21は、実質的に同様の多孔質フリット構造体、16μLリザーバおよび33μLリザーバを備える治療デバイスの放出速度プロファイルを示す図である。各フリットの放出速度指数は約0.02であった。16μLリザーバを備える2つの治療デバイスおよび33μLリザーバを備える2つの治療デバイスの放出速度を示す。33μLリザーバを備えるデバイスは、16μLリザーバを備えるデバイスの約2倍の速度でアバスチン(商標)を放出した。これらの測定データによれば、放出速度プロファイルは放出速度指数およびリザーバサイズにより決定できるので、長期間にわたって治療薬を放出するように放出速度指数およびリザーバを構成することができることを示している。
表5A
図22Aは、厚さ0.049インチの多孔質フリット構造体によるアバスチン(商標)の累積放出率を示す。実験で使用したものは:25mg/mLアバスチン(商標);フリット#2(0.031x0.049インチ、メディアグレード0.2μm、316L SS、モット・コーポレーション);加工したポリカーボネート代替品、ネジ付き;リザーバ容積37μL;37C。テストした各デバイスのデバイス番号および対応するRRI値を下記の表5Bに示した。測定に基づいて求めたRRIは0.02であり、ここに記載されるような治療薬の放出モデルと一致している。各テストデバイスのRRIの測定値間にいくらかの変動があることに留意すべきであるが、各デバイスのRRIを治療薬の放出率を求めるために使用することが可能であり、多孔質構造体の特性については、患者に配置する前、ここに記載されるようなガス流量によってさらにRRIを求めることが可能である。
表5B
表5C
表5D
治療デバイスのサイズ、放出速度プロファイル、およびリザーバ中の期待治療薬濃度を求めるために、数値計算を行った。リザーバ中の濃度は、デバイスの有用寿命、すなわち治療薬のリザーバへの注入の間隔、あるいは他の治療薬の置換に対応するであろう。
表6A
表6B
表6C
表6D
多孔質フリット構造体を通るリザーバからのフルオレセインの放出についての研究を、多孔質フリット構造体を通る小分子薬剤の放出率を求めるために行った。フルオレセインモデルは、ここに記載されるような多孔質フリット構造体およびリザーバが小分子薬剤の送達のために好適に使用できることを示している。フルオレセインデータと併用して、アバスチン(商標)、ルセンティス(商標)、およびBSAの放出プロファイルは、多孔質フリット構造体およびリザーバが多様な分子量やサイズの多様な薬剤、分子、および治療薬の徐放に使用できることを示している。
実験で使用したもの:10mg/mLルセンティス(商標);加工したポリメチルメタクリレート代替品、ネジ付き;リザーバ容積30μL;37C。多孔質フリット構造体はすべて316L SS(モット・コーポレーション)である。示したデータは、気泡成長またはレシーバ容積の低下を示したいくつかのサンプルを除いたすべてのデバイスの測定データである。
図26Aおよび図26Bは、それぞれメディアグレード0.2および0.5メディアグレード多孔質材料の多孔質フリット構造体の破断端縁部の走査電子顕微鏡像を示す。市販のサンプルは、モット・コーポレーションから入手し、316Lステンレス鋼からなるものであった。多孔質構造体および治療薬を放出する材料内の相互連結チャネルを示すために、サンプルを機械的に破損した。顕微鏡画像は、第1表面の開口と第2表面の開口との間に配置された複数の相互連結チャネルを示している。
サンプル要素の相対的特性は、フリットを、限定するものではないが圧力減衰およびフローテストなどの多様なメカニカルテストに供することで求められる。これらのテストを、例えばRRIなどの薬剤放出速度情報と組み合わせることで、デバイスの放出プロファイルを求めることができる。これらのテストは、治療デバイスに配置した多孔質構造体に対して行ってもよく、デバイスの多孔質構造体を通る流れを定量し、多孔質構造体の適性を決めることが可能である。同様のテストは、治療デバイスに取り付ける前の多孔質構造体を定量化するために使用することも可能である。例えば品質管理検査として、少なくとも治療デバイスのいつくかでは、部分的に組み立てた治療デバイスに取り付けた多孔質構造体のガス流量により評価することが可能である。いくつかの実施態様では、多孔質構造体が治療薬の放出に適していること、例えば治療デバイスの支持部などデバイスに固着することを確かめるために、リザーバへ治療薬を挿入する前かつ患者への挿入前に、部分的に組み立てた、または実質的に組み立てた治療デバイスをフローテストに供することができる。
上記の各テスト方法では、供試体をテスト機器へ機械的に接続することが行われ、多くの技法が模索され使用されてきた。これらの固定具には、供試体を確実に固着する手段(熱復元性チューブ、弾性チューブ、比較的硬質な部品への圧入など)と便利で繰り返し可能なテスト機器への付着を可能とする連結手段(ルアー、タケノコ継ぎ手、クイックコネクト継ぎ手など)の両方が含まれる。
所望のテストは、それぞれ市販の機器を使用して設計・実施するか、あるいは容易に入手可能な機器を組み立ててカスタム仕様のテスト構成体を作成することで実施できる。ここでも、これらの2つのアプローチを評価した。実際のシステムは、供試体を接続する手段、制御可能供給源(通常は、制限するものではないが、圧力)、圧力計(または他の圧力測定機器)、およびテスト条件の測定および/または分析のためのデータ収集に使用する1つ以上の変換器(圧力、フローなど)を備えることができる。
図28は、ここに記載されるような実施態様による治療デバイスとの使用に適した多孔質フリット構造体を特定するために、多孔質構造体をテストするための圧力減衰テストおよびテスト装置を示す。
図29は、ここに記載されるような実施態様による治療デバイスとの使用に適した多孔質フリット構造体を特定するために、多孔質構造体との使用に適した圧力フローテストおよびテスト装置を示す。
表7は、多孔質構造体を通る酸素や窒素などの気体の流量に基づいて、治療薬の放出、例えばRRIを求めるために使用可能な表を示す。多孔質構造体を通る流量は、気体圧の減衰時間として測定可能であり、ここに記載されるように、例えば多孔質フリット構造体全体にわたっての圧力降下によって多孔質構造体全体にわたっての流量を測定する。流量およびRRIは、材料のメディアグレードに基づいて求めることができ、例えばモット・コーポレーションから入手可能な市販のメディアグレード材料を使用できる。治療薬は、多孔質構造体、あるいは同様のテスト分子を通って測定される。初期測定では、ここに示した多孔質フリット構造体を使用してアバスチン(商標)のRRIを測定した。ここに記載される教示に基づいて、当業者は、気体の流量と治療薬の放出速度の相関性を経験的に決めるための実験を行うことが可能である。
表7
a)フリットのQC受入検査および
b)デバイスのQC最終組立検査
を可能とするために、何らかの非破壊試験(例えば、薬剤放出テストではなく)を使用することが想到される。
硝子体内注入により標準用量のルセンティス(商標)(500μg)を直接投与することが滲出型AMDに罹患した患者の症状を軽減する効果があることは既に示されているが、以下の臨床研究は、より低濃度の使用で滲出型AMDを治療できることを示している。ここに記載されるようなデバイスを用いれば、ボーラス注入の1ヶ月分の500μgに対応する量よりもより少ない量を使用して、ヒト患者におけるin vivo最小阻止濃度(以下、「MIC」)でAMDを治療することが可能である。上記表4Dおよび図19Aに応じたヒトのin situ濃度プロファイルを得るために、例えば5μgルセンティス(商標)注入を投与することが可能である。
表XX
製造者のダイオネクス社による展開データ
タイトル:モノクロナール抗体変異分析用MAbPacSCX−10カラム
http://www.dionex.com/en-us/webdocs/87008-DS-MAbPac-SCX-10-Column-20Aug2010-LPN2567-03.pdf
Claims (45)
- 硝子体液を有する眼を治療する方法であって、
眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに少なくとも約3.5mgのラニビズマブを注入することを含み、該治療デバイスは、少なくとも約2mgのラニビズマブがボーラス注入として治療デバイスから眼の硝子体液へ放出されるように、少なくとも約1.5mgのラニビズマブを保管する大きさのチャンバ容積を有する、前記方法。 - 少なくとも約2mgのラニビズマブが2回目のボーラス注入として治療デバイスから眼の硝子体液へ放出されるように、眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに少なくとも約4mgのラニビズマブを注入することを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 硝子体液を有する眼を治療する方法であって、
眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに第1の量の治療薬を注入すること;および
眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに第2の量の治療薬を注入すること;を含み
第2の量が注入されるときに治療デバイスに収容されている治療薬の量の部分に基づいて、第2の量が第1の量より少ない、前記方法。 - 前記部分と第2の量の混合比率に基づいて、第2の量が第1の量より少ない、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 第1の量が注入されてから少なくとも約1ヵ月後に第2の量が注入される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 硝子体液を有する眼を治療する方法であって、
第1の量の第1の部分は1回目のボーラス注入としてチャンバを通過して硝子体液の中へ入り、第2の部分はチャンバの中に収容され長期間にわたって放出されるように、治療デバイスのチャンバ容積よりも大きい1回目の注入容積に対応する第1の量の治療薬を、眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに注入すること;および
第2の量の第1の部分は2回目のボーラス注入としてチャンバを通過して硝子体液の中へ入り、第2の部分はチャンバの中に収容され長期間にわたって放出されるように、治療デバイスのチャンバ容積よりも大きい2回目の注入容積に対応する第2の量の治療薬を、眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに注入すること
を含み、2回目のボーラス注入が1回目のボーラス注入よりも多くの治療薬を有さないように、第2の量は第1の量よりも少ない、前記方法。 - 硝子体液を有する眼を治療する方法であって、
リザーバが多孔質構造体に連結されて実質的に一定の容積を有する治療デバイスのリザーバの中へ、治療薬のある量を注入することを含み、
該量の第1の部分がボーラス注入として眼の硝子体液の中へ放出され第2の部分がリザーバ中に保持されるように、該量が前記実質的に一定の容積よりも大きく、このボーラス注入が眼中の治療薬の最大濃度に対応するように、眼から除去される第1の部分の量よりも少ない量で第2の部分が多孔質構造体から放出される、前記方法。 - 前記最大濃度が、ボーラス注入の量に対応するピーク濃度以下である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 硝子体液と治療薬の既定の安全ボーラス量とを有する眼を治療する方法であって、
眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに第1の量の治療薬を注入すること;および
眼に埋め込まれた治療デバイスに第2の量の治療薬を注入すること
を含み、2回目のボーラス量が治療デバイスから硝子体液へ放出されるように、第2の量が注入されるとき第1の量の治療薬の部分が治療デバイスに収容されており、2回目のボーラス量は、既定の安全ボーラス量よりも多い第2の量の治療薬を含む、前記方法。 - 前記第2の量が、治療薬への露出においてを漸次増加する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 第2の安全ボーラス量を確立するために、前記第2の量を超える追加のボーラス量を注入することを更に含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 第2の量の治療薬への陰性反応に基づいて、治療デバイスから治療薬を除去することをさらに含み、治療薬は治療薬を実質的に含まない溶液で置換する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 安全量が既定された治療薬で眼を治療する装置であって、
ある量の治療薬を含むある容積の液体を有する注入器;および
ボーラス量の治療薬を放出するために前記注入器容積よりも小さいチャンバ容積を有する治療デバイス
を含む、前記装置。 - 治療薬を含む薬剤徐放用製剤であって、
治療薬が請求項13に記載のデバイスのリザーバに収容されており、埋め込まれたとき、治療薬がリザーバ内半減期を有し、リザーバ内半減期が、眼の硝子体の中へ直接注入されたときの前記少なくとも1つの治療薬の対応する半減期より実質的に長い、前記薬剤徐放用製剤。 - 前記デバイスは、所望の有効半減期を得るために、リザーバ容積と適切な速度放出指数を有する多孔質構造体とを選択して構成される、請求項14に記載の製剤。
- 前記速度放出指数が約0.001〜約5の範囲内である、請求項15に記載の製剤。
- 前記速度放出指数が約0.002〜約5の範囲内である、請求項15に記載の製剤。
- 前記速度放出指数が約0.01〜約5である、請求項15に記載の製剤。
- 前記第1の治療薬がVEGF阻害剤であり、前記第2の治療薬が炎症反応阻害剤である、請求項14に記載の製剤。
- ある集団の患者を治療するための薬剤徐放用製剤であって、
治療薬を含み、該治療薬が、眼に埋め込まれたデバイスの中に注入された治療薬の半減期に対応する眼内半減期を有する、前記製剤。 - 眼を治療する方法であって、
約0.01mg〜約50mgの範囲内の量の治療薬を治療デバイスへ注入することを含む、前記方法。 - 前記量が約0.1mg〜約30mgの範囲内である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 眼を治療する装置であって、
約0.01mg〜約50mgの範囲内の量の治療薬に対応する量の製剤;および
該量の治療薬に対応する量の製剤を受容するように調整されたリザーバ・チャンバおよび多孔質構造体を含む治療デバイス
を含む、前記装置。 - 前記量が約0.1mg〜約30mgの範囲内である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 治療薬で眼を治療する装置であって、
ある量の治療薬を含むある容積の流体を含む注入器;および
該量の治療薬を受容するサイズの容積を有するリザーバ・チャンバを含む治療デバイス
を含み、該量の治療薬を該リザーバ・チャンバに配置する、前記装置。 - 前記流体が約40mg/mL〜約200mg/mLの範囲内の濃度のラニビズマブを含む、請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記流体が約40mg/mL〜約100mg/mLの範囲内の濃度のラニビズマブを含む、請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記注入器が実質的にボーラス注入なしで前記量を配置するように構成される、請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記注入器が少なくとも約80%の置換効率で前記量を配置するように構成される、請求項25に記載の装置。
- 前記注入器が治療薬を注入する注入管腔とチャンバの流体を受容するベントとを含み、前記治療デバイスが治療薬を放出するリザーバ・チャンバを含み、多孔質構造体を通る治療薬のボーラス注入を抑制するために、前記ベントの流れ抵抗が治療デバイスの多孔質構造体の流れ抵抗よりも実質的に小さい、請求項25に記載の装置。
- 治療薬で眼を治療する装置であって、
ある量の治療薬を含むある容積の流体を、該量の治療薬を受容するサイズの容積を有するリザーバ・チャンバを含む治療デバイスへ注入することを含み、
該量の治療薬をリザーバ・チャンバに配置する、前記装置。 - 前記注入器が少なくとも約80%の置換効率で前記量を配置するように構成される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記治療薬を含む流体が実質的に多孔質構造体を通るボーラス注入されることなく、前記量をリザーバ・チャンバに配置する、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 強膜を有する眼を治療する方法であって、
可撓性隔壁に連結された支持部を含んでおりかつ強膜に連結された膨張式治療デバイスの保持構造体に除去器具を連結すること;
可撓性隔壁に連結された支持部の断面サイズを減少するために、強膜の切開部を通ってかつ支持部に沿って細長い構造体を進入させること;および
減少した断面サイズの支持部を強膜中の切開部を通って除去すること
を含む、前記方法。 - 前記細長い構造体が、針、軸部、マンドレルおよびワイヤーのうちの1つ以上を含むこと特徴とする、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記支持部の長さが増加して断面サイズを減少する、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記膨張式治療デバイスが前記支持部に連結された停止部を有する遠位部分を含み、前記細長い構造体は停止部に接触し、停止部を前進させて支持部の長さを増加しかつ支持部の断面サイズを減少する、請求項36に記載の方法。
- 前記停止部が、治療薬を放出する前記支持部の部分または多孔質構造体を含む、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記可撓性隔壁に連結された支持部が、前記切開部を通る挿入のための細長い幅狭プロファイル構成と、多孔質構造体を通って眼の硝子体液の中へ治療薬を放出するための実質的に一定の容積を有するチャンバを画成する膨張した幅広プロファイル構成とを含む、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記膨張式治療デバイスが、前記チャンバに連結された近位部分に貫通性隔壁を、チャンバに連結された遠位部分に多孔質構造体を含み、前記細長い構造体が貫通性隔壁を通って進入し断面サイズを減少させる、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 可撓性隔壁に連結された支持部がカニューレの内部では幅狭で細長プロファイルを備え、切開部を通過したとき幅広プロファイル構成へと膨張するように、前記膨張式治療デバイスがカニューレによって切開部の中を進入する、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 強膜と硝子体液を有する眼を治療する装置であって、
強膜に結合する保持構造体と、貫通性隔壁と、可撓性隔壁に連結された可撓性支持部とを含む膨張式治療デバイスを含み、可撓性支持部が、第1の長さおよび第1の断面サイズを有する第1の細長い幅狭プロファイル構成から、眼中に配置したとき実質的に一定の容積を有するチャンバを画成する、該第1の長さより短い第2の長さおよび該第1の断面サイズより大きい第2の断面サイズを有する第2の幅広プロファイル構成へ膨張可能であって、可撓性支持部および可撓性隔壁は、細長い構造体が貫通性隔壁を通って進入するとき、長さを第2の長さから第1の長さへ増加し、断面サイズを第2のサイズから第1のサイズへ減少するのに十分な可撓性を有する、前記装置。 - 前記細長い構造体と保持構造体に連結するための顎部とを含む除去装置を更に含み、前記細長い構造体が針、軸部、マンドレルおよびワイヤーのうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項42に記載の装置。
- 前記多孔質構造体が、治療薬を眼の硝子体液の中へ長期間にわたって放出するための、支持部の遠位端に固着した硬質多孔質構造体を含み、前記可撓性支持部および可撓性隔壁が、細長い構造体が硬質多孔質構造体に接触したとき、長さを第2の長さから第1の長さへ増加するのに十分な可撓性を有する、請求項42に記載の装置。
- 前記支持部は、前記保持構造体から、前記多孔質構造体をデバイスの遠位端に支持するためのサイズを有する環状フランジへ軸方向に延出する複数の可撓性支柱を含み、デバイスが、実質的に一定の容積を有するチャンバを画成するための第2の膨張したプロファイル構成を備えるとき前記可撓性支柱が離間される、請求項42に記載の装置。
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CA2807554C (en) | 2021-10-26 |
WO2012019176A2 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
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JP6263217B2 (ja) | 2018-01-17 |
AU2014202862C1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
CA2807554A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
LT2600812T (lt) | 2021-11-10 |
AU2014202862A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
EP3960134A1 (en) | 2022-03-02 |
HRP20211909T1 (hr) | 2022-03-18 |
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US9492315B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
JP5907966B2 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
EP2600812A2 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
PT2600812T (pt) | 2021-11-09 |
DK2600812T3 (da) | 2021-10-18 |
EP2600812B1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
AU2016202327A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
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AU2011285501A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
HUE057267T2 (hu) | 2022-05-28 |
WO2012019176A8 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
CN103209664A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |