JP2015505818A - 癌を治療する方法 - Google Patents
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- JP2015505818A JP2015505818A JP2014541396A JP2014541396A JP2015505818A JP 2015505818 A JP2015505818 A JP 2015505818A JP 2014541396 A JP2014541396 A JP 2014541396A JP 2014541396 A JP2014541396 A JP 2014541396A JP 2015505818 A JP2015505818 A JP 2015505818A
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Abstract
Description
可溶型の線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)は、インビトロおよびインビボで腫瘍細胞の増殖を阻害することが示されている。例えば、米国特許第7,678,890号(特許文献1)に見出すことができる。抗癌治療の有効性は、場合によっては、標的とされる癌の遺伝子構造に依存する。
本明細書において使用される項目の見出しは、構成上の目的のために過ぎず、記載される主題を限定すると解釈されるべではない。
別途定義されない限り、本発明に関連して使用される科学用語および技術用語は、当業者によって一般に理解される意味を有するものとする。さらに、文脈上別途要求されない限り、単数形の用語は複数形を含み、複数形の用語は単数形を含むものとする。
FGFR1 ECDおよび/またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を使用してFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する癌を治療する方法
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、癌細胞の少なくとも一部がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する癌を治療する方法を提供する。そのような癌は、いくつかの実施形態において、線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を用いた治療に特に反応することが分かっている。したがって、いくつかの実施形態において、FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する癌を治療する方法は、治療有効量のFGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を対象に投与する工程を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、対象における癌を治療する方法は、治療有効量の線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を対象に投与する工程を含み、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与前に、癌の細胞の少なくとも一部がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有することが決定される。そのような方法において、癌におけるFGFR1遺伝子増幅は、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する癌の治療反応性の指標である。
いくつかの実施形態において、FGFR1 ECDおよび/またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子は、静脈内および/または皮下に投与することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、FGFR1 ECDおよび/またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子は、別の経路、例えば、動脈内、非経口、鼻腔内、筋肉内、心臓内、心室内、気管内、頬側、直腸内、腹腔内、皮内、局所的、経皮的、もしくはくも膜下腔内経路により、またはさもなければ移植もしくは吸入により、投与することができる。種々の実施形態において、少なくとも1種のさらなる治療剤を、静脈内、動脈内、皮下、非経口、鼻腔内、筋肉内、心臓内、心室内、気管内、頬側、直腸内、腹腔内の、皮内、局所的、経皮的、およびくも膜下腔内を含む種々の経路により、またはさもなければ移植もしくは吸入によりインビボで投与することができる。 対象組成物の各々は、単独で、または組み合わせて、錠剤、カプセル剤、散剤、粒剤、軟膏、溶剤、坐剤、浣腸剤、注射剤、吸入剤、およびエアロゾル剤等の、固体、半固形、液体、または気体形態の調製物に処方することができる。
非限定的な例示的FGFR1 ECDは、完全長FGFR1 ECD、FGFR1 ECD断片、およびFGFR1 ECD変異体を含む。FGFR1 ECDは、シグナルペプチドを含んでもよいか、または欠いてもよい。例示的なFGFR1 ECDは、限定されないが、配列番号1、2、3、および4から選択されるアミノ酸配列を有するFGFR1 ECDを含む。
本明細書で論じられるように、FGFR1 ECDは、少なくとも1つの融合パートナーと組み合わされてもよく、その結果としてFGFR1 ECD融合分子を生じる。これらの融合パートナーは、精製を促進し得、FGFR1 ECD融合分子は、インビボ半減期の増加を示し得る。FGFR1 ECDの好適な融合パートナーは、例えば、水溶性ポリマー等のポリマー、免疫グロブリンの定常ドメイン;ヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)の全部または一部;フェチュインA;フェチュインB;ロイシンジッパードメイン;テトラネクチン三量体形成ドメイン;マンノース結合タンパク質(マンノース結合レクチンとしても知られる)、例えば、マンノース結合タンパク質1;および本明細書に記載され、また米国特許第6,686,179号に記載されているFc領域を含む。非限定的な例示的FGFR1 ECD融合分子は、例えば、米国特許第7,678,890号に見出すことができる。
ポリマー、例えば、水溶性ポリマーは、生理学的環境において典型的に見られるような水性環境において、FGFR1 ECD融合分子の沈殿を減少させるための融合パートナーとして有用であり得る。本発明において用いられるポリマーは、治療用の生成物または組成物の調製に薬学的に許容される。
さらに、本発明のFGFR1 ECDは、融合ポリペプチドの精製を促進するペプチド等のマーカー配列に融合されてもよい。マーカーアミノ酸配列は、とりわけ、pQEベクター(Qiagen、Mississauga,Ontario,Canada)中に提供されるタグ等のヘキサヒスチジンペプチドであってもよく、これらの多くは市販されている。Gentz et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.86:821−824(1989)に記載されるように、例えば、ヘキサヒスチジンは、融合タンパク質の都合のよい精製を提供する。精製に有用な別のペプチドタグである赤血球凝集素(HA)タグは、インフルエンザHAタンパク質由来のエピトープに対応する。(Wilson et al.,Cell 37:767(1984))。これらの上記融合体のいずれも、本明細書に記載されるFGFR1 ECDを用いて遺伝子操作することができる。
種々の実施形態において、オリゴマー化は、限定されないが、多価性、結合強度の増加、および異なるドメインの組み合わせた機能を含む、いくつかの機能的利点を融合タンパク質に供給する。したがって、いくつかの実施形態において、融合パートナーは、オリゴマー化ドメイン、例えば、二量体化ドメインを含む。例示的なオリゴマー化ドメインは、限定されないが、α−ヘリックスコイルドコイルドメインを含むコイルドコイルドメイン、コラーゲンドメイン、コラーゲン様ドメイン、および特定の免疫グロブリンドメインを含む。例示的なコイルドコイルポリペプチド融合パートナーは、限定されないが、テトラネクチンコイルドコイルドメイン、軟骨オリゴマーマトリックスタンパク質のコイルドコイルドメイン、アンジオポエチンコイルドコイルドメイン、およびロイシンジッパードメインを含む。例示的なコラーゲンまたはコラーゲン様オリゴマー化ドメインは、限定されないが、コラーゲン中に見出されるもの、マンノース結合レクチン、肺界面活性剤タンパク質AおよびD、アディポネクチン、フィコリン、コングルチニン、マクロファージスカベンジャー受容体、ならびにエミリン(emilin)を含む。
融合パートナーとして使用されてもよい多くのFcドメインが、当該技術分野において既知である。いくつかの実施形態において、融合パートナーは、Fc免疫グロブリンドメインである。Fc融合パートナーは、天然に存在する抗体に見出される野生型Fc、その変異体、またはその断片であってもよい。非限定的な例示的Fc融合パートナーは、ヒトIgG、例えば、ヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、またはIgG4の、ヒンジならびにCH2およびCH3定常ドメインを含むFcを含む。さらなる例示的Fc融合パートナーは、限定されないが、ヒトIgAおよびIgMを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、Fc融合パートナーは、例えば、IgG1中にC237S突然変異を含む(例えば、配列番号8を参照)。いくつかの実施形態において、Fc融合パートナーは、米国特許第6,900,292号に記載されるように、P331S突然変異を有するヒトIgG2のヒンジ、CH2、およびCH3ドメインを含む。特定の例示的なFcドメイン融合パートナーは、配列番号8〜10に示される。
いくつかの実施形態において、融合パートナーはアルブミンである。例示的なアルブミンは、限定されないが、それらが融合するポリペプチドの血清半減期またはバイオアベイラビリティを増加させることができるヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)およびHSAの断片を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、融合パートナーは、アルブミン結合分子、例えば、脂質、またはアルブミンに結合する他の分子とコンジュゲートするアルブミンまたは分子に結合するペプチドである。いくつかの実施形態において、HSAを含む融合分子は、例えば、米国特許第6,686,179号に記載されている。
融合パートナーは、FGFR1 ECDのN末端またはC末端に共有結合的にまたは非共有結合的に付着させることができる。付着は、例えば、アミノ酸側鎖(例えば、システイン、リジン、セリン、またはスレオニンの側鎖等)を介して、N末端またはC末端以外のFGFR1 ECD内の場所でも起こり得る。
本発明は、例えば、グリコシル化、アセチル化、リン酸化、アミド化、既知の保護基/ブロック基による誘導体化、タンパク質切断、または抗体分子もしくは他の細胞リガンドへの結合によって、翻訳の間または後に特異的に修飾されるFGFR1 ECDおよびFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与を包含する。多くの化学的修飾のいずれも、限定されないが、臭化シアン、トリプシン、キモトリプシン、パパイン、V8 プロテアーゼによる特異的な化学切断;NABH4;アセチル化;ホルミル化;酸化;還元;および/またはチュニカマイシンの存在下における代謝合成を含む既知の技術によって実行することができる。
FGFR1 ECDをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含むベクターが提供される。また、FGFR1 ECD融合分子をコードするポリヌクレオチドを含むベクターも提供される。そのようなベクターは、限定されないが、DNAベクター、ファージベクター、ウイルスベクター、レトロウイルスベクター等を含む。
種々の実施形態において、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子は、原核細胞、例えば、細菌細胞中で、または真核細胞、例えば、真菌細胞、植物細胞、昆虫細胞、および哺乳動物細胞中で発現させることができる。そのような発現は、例えば、当該技術分野において既知の手順に従って実行されてもよい。ポリペプチドを発現させるために使用することができる例示的な真核細胞は、限定されないが、COS7細胞を含むCOS細胞、293−6E細胞を含む293細胞、CHO−SおよびDG44細胞を含むCHO細胞、ならびにNSO細胞を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対して特定の所望の翻訳後修飾を行う能力に基づいて、特定の真核生物宿主細胞が選択される。例えば、いくつかの実施形態において、CHO細胞は、293細胞で産生される同じポリペプチドよりもより高いレベルのシアリル化を有するFGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を産生する。
FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子は、当該技術分野において既知の種々の方法によって精製することができる。そのような方法は、限定されないが、親和性マトリックスまたは疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィーの使用を含む。好適な親和性リガンドは、FGFR1 ECDまたは融合パートナーの任意のリガンドを含む。FGFR1に結合する抗体の場合の好適な親和性リガンドは、限定されないが、FGFR1自体およびその断片を含む。さらに、プロテインA、プロテインG、プロテインA/G、または抗体親和性カラムを用いてFc融合パートナーに結合させ、FGFR1 ECD融合分子を精製することもできる。また、FGFR1 ECDに対する抗体を用いてFGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を精製してもよい。疎水性相互作用クロマトグラフィー、例えば、ブチルまたはフェニルカラムも、特定のポリペプチドを精製するのに好適であるかもしれない。ポリペプチドを精製する多くの方法が、当該技術分野において既知である。ポリペプチドを精製する種々の方法の非限定的な考察は、例えば、米国特許第7,678,890号に見出すことができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与から恩恵を受け得る癌に罹患している患者を特定する方法が提供される。いくつかのそのような実施形態において、当該方法は、対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を含むかどうかを決定する工程を含む。いくつかの実施形態において、FGFR1遺伝子増幅は、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する癌の治療反応性の指標である。いくつかの実施形態において、試料は、癌を有するかまたは有することが疑われる患者から採取される。癌細胞の少なくとも一部におけるFGFR1遺伝子増幅の発見は、癌を有するかまたは有することが疑われる患者が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子療法の恩恵を受け得ることを示唆する。いくつかの実施形態において、患者は、肺癌を有するかまたは有することが疑われる。
FGFR1遺伝子の潜在的な増幅を示す肺癌細胞株のパネルを、CONAN(http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cgi−bin/genetics/CGP/conan/search.cgi)およびTumorscape(http://www.broadinstitute.org/tumorscape/pages/portalHome.jsf)を用いて同定した。CONANおよびTumorscapeは、癌のSNP6.0データセットにわたって所定のまたはユーザ定義の遺伝子座に関する遺伝子コピー数情報を抽出するための公的なデータマイニングツールを意味する。肺癌細胞株DMS53、DMS114、NCI−H1581、およびNCI−H520が、FGFR1遺伝子の潜在的な増幅(>4コピー/細胞)を有すると同定され、さらなる分析のために選択された。ヒト小細胞肺癌(SCLC)細胞株DMS53およびDMS114は、ATCCから購入した(マナサス、ヴァージニア州、それぞれ、カタログ番号CRL−2062、カタログ番号CRL−2066)。5% CO2を含む加湿雰囲気下、37℃で、WaymouthのMB 752/1培地+10% FBS+2mM L−グルタミン中で細胞を培養した。ヒト非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)細胞株NCI−H1581は、ATCCから購入し(マナサス、ヴァージニア州、カタログ番号CRL−5878)、ACL−4培地(無血清)で培養した。NCI−H1581の基本培地はDMEM:F12(50/50で混合)であり、以下の成分を基本培地に加えた:0.02mg/mlインスリン、0.01mg/mlトランスフェリン、25nM亜セレン酸ナトリウム(最終濃度)、50nMヒドロコルチゾン(最終濃度)、1ng/ml上皮増殖因子(最終濃度)、0.01mMエタノールアミン(最終濃度)、0.01mMホスホリルエタノールアミン(最終濃度)、100pMトリヨードチロニン(最終濃度)、0.5%(w/v)ウシ血清アルブミン(最終濃度)、0.5mMピルビン酸ナトリウム(最終濃度)、および4.5mM L−グルタミン。5% CO2を含む加湿雰囲気下、37℃で細胞を増殖させた。ヒト非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)細胞株NCI−H520は、ATCC(マナサス、ヴァージニア州、カタログ番号HTB−182)。5%CO2を含む加湿雰囲気下、37℃で、RPMI−1640 培地+10% FBS+2mM L−グルタミン中で細胞を培養した。
6週齢のメスSCIDマウスをCharles River Laboratories(ウィルミントン、マサチューセッツ州)から購入し、試験の開始前に1週間順化させた。ヒト小細胞肺癌(SCLC)細胞株DMS53を腫瘍モデルとして使用し、ATCCから購入した(マナサス、ヴァージニア州;カタログ番号CRL−2062)。5%CO2を含む加湿雰囲気下、37℃で、WaymouthのMB 752/1培地+10% FBS+2mM L−グルタミン中で細胞を3世代継代培養した。培養細胞が85〜90%コンフルエンスに達した時に細胞を採取し、50%マトリゲルを含む、Ca2+およびMg2+を含まない冷リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中に1ミリリットル当たり5x107細胞で再懸濁した。マウスの右側腹部に、5x106細胞/100μl/マウスで細胞を皮下移植した。細胞移植後1日目に、マウスを分別および無作為化し(n=10)、下の表3に従って処理を開始した。
腫瘍サイズ(mm3)=(幅(mm)x長さ(mm))2/2
皮下腫瘍体積が2000mm3を超えるか、または腫瘍が過剰に壊死性になった時に、「癌による死亡」としてマウスを安楽死させた。
6週齢のメスSCIDマウスをCharles River Laboratories(ウィルミントン、マサチューセッツ州)から購入し、試験の開始前に1週間順化させた。ヒト小細胞肺癌(SCLC)細胞株DMS114を腫瘍モデルとして使用し、ATCCから購入した(マナサス、ヴァージニア州;カタログ番号CRL−2066)。5%CO2を含む加湿雰囲気下、37℃で、WaymouthのMB 752/1培地+10% FBS+2mM L−グルタミン中で細胞を3世代継代培養した。培養細胞が85〜90%コンフルエンスに達した時に細胞を採取し、50%マトリゲルを含む、Ca2+およびMg2+を含まない冷リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中に1ミリリットル当たり5x107細胞で再懸濁した。マウスの右側腹部に、5x106細胞/100μl/マウスで細胞を皮下移植した。細胞移植後1日目に、マウスを分別および無作為化し(n=10)、上記実施例2に記載されるように処理を開始した。
腫瘍サイズ(mm3)=(幅(mm)x長さ(mm))2/2
皮下腫瘍体積が2000mm3を超えるか、または腫瘍が過剰に壊死性になった時に、「癌による死亡」としてマウスを安楽死させた。
6週齢のメスSCIDマウスをCharles River Laboratories(ウィルミントン、マサチューセッツ州)から購入し、試験の開始前に1週間順化させた。ヒト非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)細胞株NCI−H1581を腫瘍モデルとして使用し、ATCCから購入した(マナサス、ヴァージニア州;カタログ番号CRL−5878)。ACL−4培地(無血清)中で細胞を3世代継代培養した。この細胞株の基本培地はDMEM:F12(50/50で混合)であり、以下の成分を基本培地に加えた:0.02mg/mlインスリン、0.01mg/ml トランスフェリン、25nM亜セレン酸ナトリウム(最終濃度)、50nMヒドロコルチゾン(最終濃度)、1ng/ml上皮増殖因子(最終濃度)、0.01mMエタノールアミン(最終濃度)、0.01mMホスホリルエタノールアミン(最終濃度)、100pMトリヨードチロニン(最終濃度)、0.5%(w/v)ウシ血清アルブミン(最終濃度)、0.5mMピルビン酸ナトリウム(最終濃度)、および4.5mM L−グルタミン。5%CO2を含む加湿 雰囲気中、37℃で細胞を培養した。培養細胞が85〜90%コンフルエンスに達した時に細胞を採取し、50%マトリゲルを含む、Ca2+およびMg2+を含まない冷リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中に1ミリリットル当たり5x107細胞で再懸濁した。マウスの右側腹部に、5x106細胞/100μl/マウスで細胞を皮下移植した。細胞移植後1日目に、マウスを分別および無作為化し(n=10)、上記実施例2に記載されるように処理を開始した。
腫瘍サイズ(mm3)=(幅(mm)x長さ(mm))2/2
皮下腫瘍体積が2000mm3を超えるか、または腫瘍が過剰に壊死性になった時に、「癌による死亡」としてマウスを安楽死させた。
6週齢のメスSCIDマウスをCharles River Laboratories(ウィルミントン、マサチューセッツ州)から購入し、試験の開始前に1週間順化させた。ヒト非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)細胞株NCI−H520を腫瘍モデルとして使用し、ATCCから購入した(マナサス、ヴァージニア州;カタログ番号HTB−182)。5% CO2を含む加湿雰囲気下、37℃で、RPMI−1640培地+10% FBS+2mM L−グルタミン中で細胞を3世代継代培養した。培養細胞が85〜90%コンフルエンスに達した時に細胞を採取し、50%マトリゲルを含む、Ca2+およびMg2+を含まない冷リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)中に1ミリリットル当たり5x107細胞で再懸濁した。マウスの右側腹部に、5x106細胞/100μl/マウスで細胞を皮下移植した。細胞移植後1日目に、マウスを分別および無作為化し(n=10)、後に記載されるように処理を開始した。
腫瘍サイズ(mm3)=(幅(mm)x長さ(mm))2/2
皮下腫瘍体積が2000mm3を超えるか、または腫瘍が過剰に壊死性になった時に、「癌による死亡」としてマウスを安楽死させた。
FGFR1−ECD.339−Fcが腫瘍増殖に与える影響を、FGFR1遺伝子増幅肺癌異種移植片モデルと非増幅肺癌異種移植片モデルとの間で比較した。この実験で調べたFGFR1増幅を伴わない肺細胞株は次の通りであった:A549、NCI−H460、NCI−H226、NCI−H2126、NCI−H441、NCI−H358、NCI−H522、およびColo699。非増幅細胞株をATTC(マナサス、ヴァージニア州)から購入し、供給者の指示に従って培養した。非FGFR1遺伝子増幅細胞株を使用した肺癌異種移植片モデルを、実質的に実施例2に記載されるように実行した。
腫瘍サイズ(mm3)=(幅(mm)x長さ(mm))2/2
皮下腫瘍体積が2000mm3を超えるか、または腫瘍が過剰に壊死性になった時に、「癌による死亡」としてマウスを安楽死させた。
RNAレベルでのFGFR1の発現を、FGFR1遺伝子増幅および非増幅肺癌細胞株、異種移植片モデル、およびPDXモデル間で比較した。この実験で調べたFGFR1遺伝子増幅を伴わない肺癌細胞株は次の通りであった:A549、NCI−H460、NCI−H226、NCI−H2126、NCI−H441、NCI−H358、NCI−H522、MSTO−211H、およびColo699。非増幅細胞株をATTC(マナサス、ヴァージニア州)から購入し、供給者の指示に従って培養した。FGFR1遺伝子増幅を伴わない肺癌の患者由来異種移植片(PDX)モデルのパネルも、FGFR1 mRNAの発現について調べた。調べた肺PDXモデルは次の通りであった:PDX D35087、PDX D37638、PDX D35376、LXFL−430、LXFE−937、LXFE−397、LXFA−737、およびLXFA−629。調べた肺PDXに関する予備的な病理および患者の特徴は、上の表4に要約されている。
腫瘍サイズ(mm3)=(幅(mm)x長さ(mm))2/2
FGFリガンド、FGF受容体、FGF結合タンパク質、FGFシグナル伝達分子、および一群の血管新生関連標的を含むFGFR1関連遺伝子のパネルのRNA発現を、一組の35個の腫瘍細胞株および異種移植片においてqRT−PCRを用いて決定した。RNAeasy(登録商標)mini kit(キアゲン、ドイツ)を使用して、インビトロで増殖させた細胞株またはインビボで増殖させた腫瘍異種移植片からRNAを抽出した。QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit(キアゲン、ドイツ)を使用したランダム6量体プライミングおよび逆転写酵素によりcDNAを作製する前に、抽出したRNAをDNAse Iで処理した。ヒトおよびマウスRNAの発現は、ヒトGUSB対照参照QuantiTect Primer Assay(キアゲン、ドイツ)を利用して、QuantiTect Primer Assays(キアゲン、ドイツ)を用いて決定した。QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kit(キアゲン、ドイツ)は、リアルタイムqRT−PCRおよびABI Prism ViiATM 7 Real−Time PCR System(Applied Biosystems、フォスターシティ、カリフォルニア州)を用いてmRNA発現レベルを定量化するために使用した。遺伝子発現の相対定量は、基準物質としてのヒトGUSBおよび市販のRNA対照(Stratagene, ラホヤ,カリフォルニア州)を使用して、比較Ct法に従って算出した。相対定量は、次の式に従って決定した:2−(ΔCt sample−ΔCt calibrator)。
§FGFR1−ECD.339−Fc応答者/非応答者における遺伝子発現の中央値によって決定される遺伝子発現の比率
†P値は、表5の全てのモデルを使用して、各遺伝子の応答者対非応答者においてPCRによる遺伝子発現のマンホイットニーの検定によって決定される。
§FGFR1−ECD.339−Fc応答者における遺伝子発現の中央値/非応答者における遺伝子発現の中央値によって決定される遺伝子発現の比率
†P値は、表5の非FGFR1増幅肺モデルを使用して、各遺伝子の応答者対非応答者においてPCRによる遺伝子発現のマンホイットニーの検定によって決定される。
DKK3 mRNAの発現を、一組の25個の異種移植片においてqRT−PCRを用いて決定した。RNAeasy(登録商標)mini kit(キアゲン、ドイツ)を使用して、インビボで増殖させた腫瘍異種移植片からRNAを抽出した。QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit(キアゲン、ドイツ)を使用したランダム6量体プライミングおよび逆転写酵素によりcDNAを作製する前に、抽出したRNAをDNAse Iで処理した。ヒトDKK3 RNAの発現は、ヒトGUSB対照参照QuantiTect Primer Assay(キアゲン、ドイツ)を利用して、QuantiTect Primer Assays(キアゲン、ドイツ)を用いて決定した。QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kit(キアゲン、ドイツ)は、リアルタイムqRT−PCRおよびABI Prism ViiATM 7 Real−Time PCR System(Applied Biosystems、フォスターシティ、カリフォルニア州)を用いてmRNA発現レベルを定量化するために使用した。遺伝子発現の相対定量は、基準物質としてのヒトGUSBおよび市販のRNA対照(Stratagene,ラホヤ,カリフォルニア州)を使用して、比較Ct法に従って算出した。相対定量は、次の式に従って決定した:2−(ΔCt sample−ΔCt calibrator)。
FGFR1−ECD.339−Fcは、FGFよりも10〜100倍高い親和性で分裂促進性FGF−23に結合する。SPR分析によると、FGFR1−ECD.339−Fcのげっ歯類FGF−23に対する結合親和性は、ヒトFGF−23のそれに匹敵する(6.0x10−8対6.7x10−8M)。この比較的弱いFGFR1−ECD.339−Fc/FGF−23の結合の潜在的な生物学的影響を、FGFR1−ECD.339−Fcを10〜200mg/kg/qwkの用量範囲で週1回、4週間投与した後、ラットにおいて調査した。
組換えヒトFGF−2(最終濃度250ng/ml、Peprotech)および/または組換えヒトVEGF−A(最終濃度100ng/ml、Peprotech)を、ヘパリンナトリウム(2ユニット/ml、Sigma)を含むマトリゲル(BD Biosciences、フランクリンレイク、ニュージャージー州)に加えた。マトリゲルプラグ(動物1匹当たり1つ)を含むFGF−2および/またはVEGF−Aを、C57BL/6マウス(Charles River、ウィルミントン、マサチューセッツ州)の腹部領域に皮下移植した。マトリゲル移植後1、4、および7日目に、尾静脈注射によりFGFR1−ECD.339−Fcを投与した。9日目に、プラグを切除し、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシン(H&E)染色のために処理した。Retiga 2000Rデジタルカメラ(QImaging、バーナビー、ブリティッシュコロンビア州)を使用して、染色したマトリゲル切片のデジタル画像を作成した。Image−Pro Plus 5.1(Media Cybernetics Inc.、シルバースプリング、メリーランド州)を使用して画像分析を行った。脈絡膜新生血管を、新たに形成された血管および遊走細胞からなる、マトリゲルにおける細胞応答として定義した。
ヒト腎癌Caki−1細胞(1.5x107細胞/マウス)細胞をCB17−SCIDマウスの右側腹部に皮下移植した。腫瘍移植後1日目に、マウスを無作為化し、ビヒクルまたはFGFR1−ECD.339−Fc(5mg/kg)のいずれかで週2回皮下処理した。試験終了時(57日目)に、腫瘍を切除し(N=3/gp)、組織学的分析に使用した。凍結切片を抗マウスCD31モノクローナル抗体(BD Biosciences、フランクリンレイク、ニュージャージー州)でプローブし、HRPコンジュゲートコンジュゲート二次抗体をジアミノベンジジン染色(褐色)と併せて使用して可視化した。スライドをヘマトキシリンで対比染色し、細胞核を同定した(青色)。代表的な切片を示す(5x倍率)。
確立された(200mm3)ヒト乳癌JIMT−1腫瘍を有する動物に、単回(24および72時間の時点)または週3回(複数回投与)のいずれかで、15mg/kgのFGFR1−ECD.339−Fcを腹腔内投与した。単回投与群の場合は投与後24および72時間目に、複数回投与群では最終投与後48時間目に腫瘍試料を採取し、液体窒素中で瞬間凍結し、RIPA緩衝液(Sigma Aldrich、セントルイス、ミズーリ州)に溶解した。SDS-PAGEにより腫瘍溶解物を分離し、モノクローナル抗体FGFR1、pFGFR1、FRS2α、pFRS2α、Akt、pAkt、およびβActin(Cell Signaling Technology,Inc)を使用してウエスタンブロットを行った。抗ヒトFcモノクローナル抗体(Jackson Immuno Research)を使用してFGFR1−ECD.339−Fcを検出した。
Claims (71)
- 対象における、FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する癌を治療する方法であって、FGFR1遺伝子増幅が、線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する癌の治療反応性の指標であり、
該方法が、治療有効量のFGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を該対象に投与する工程を含む、方法。 - 対象における癌を治療する方法であって、
治療有効量の線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を該対象に投与する工程を含み、
FGFR1 ECDまたは FGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与前に、該癌の細胞の少なくとも一部がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有することが決定され、かつ
癌におけるFGFR1遺伝子増幅が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。 - FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の前記細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1遺伝子を少なくとも3コピー含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の前記細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1遺伝子を少なくとも4コピー含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の前記細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1遺伝子を少なくとも5コピー含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の前記細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1遺伝子を少なくとも6コピー含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の前記細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1遺伝子を少なくとも8コピー含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の前記細胞の少なくとも一部は、第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が少なくとも1.5である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が少なくとも2である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が少なくとも2.5である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が少なくとも3である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が少なくとも3.5である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が少なくとも4である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅が、蛍光インサイツハイブリダイゼーション、アレイ比較ゲノムハイブリダイゼーション、DNAマイクロアレイ、スペクトル核型決定、定量PCR、サザンブロット法、または配列決定から選択される方法によって決定される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のマーカーを過剰発現している、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、およびFGF18から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、または少なくとも4種のマーカーを過剰発現している、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌がETV4を過剰発現している、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のマーカーを過剰発現している、請求項15に記載の方法。
- FGFR1がFGFR1IIIcである、請求項15、16、および18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象における、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のマーカーを過剰発現している癌を治療する方法であって、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種のマーカーの過剰発現が、線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標であり、
該方法が、治療有効量のFGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を該対象に投与する工程を含む、方法。 - 対象における癌を治療する方法であって、
治療有効量の線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を該対象に投与する工程を含み、
FGFR1 ECDまたは FGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与前に、該癌の細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のマーカーを過剰発現していることが決定され、かつ
癌におけるFGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種のマーカーの過剰発現が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。 - 前記癌が、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のマーカーを過剰発現している、請求項20または請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記癌がETV4を過剰発現している、請求項20〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、およびFGF18から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、または少なくとも4種のマーカーを過剰発現している、請求項20または請求項21に記載の方法。
- FGF2を過剰発現している癌を治療する方法であって、FGF2の過剰発現が、線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標であり、
該方法が、治療有効量のFGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を該対象に投与する工程を含む、方法。 - 対象における癌を治療する方法であって、
治療有効量の線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1(FGFR1)細胞外ドメイン(ECD)またはFGFR1 ECD融合分子を該対象に投与する工程を含み、
FGFR1 ECDまたは FGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与前に、該癌の細胞の少なくとも一部がFGF2を過剰発現していることが決定され、かつ
FGF2の過剰発現が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。 - 前記癌がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有しない、請求項25または請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰発現がタンパク質の過剰発現である、請求項20〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- タンパク質の過剰発現が免疫組織化学を用いて決定される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記過剰発現がmRNAの過剰発現である、請求項20〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- mRNAの過剰発現が定量RT−PCRを用いて決定される、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記癌がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する、請求項20〜31のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子増幅を有する前記癌の細胞の少なくとも一部が、FGFR1遺伝子を少なくとも3コピー、少なくとも4コピー、少なくとも5コピー、少なくとも6コピー、少なくとも7コピー、または少なくとも8コピー含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のさらなる治療剤を投与する工程をさらに含む、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のさらなる治療剤が、ドセタキセル、パクリタキセル、ビンクリスチン、カルボプラチン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、ドキソルビシン、5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)、ロイコボリン、ペメトレキセド、エトポシド、トポテカン、ソラフェニブ、VEGFアンタゴニスト、VEGFトラップ、抗VEGF抗体、およびベバシズマブから選択される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- FGFR1 ECDを投与する工程を含む、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFR1 ECDが、配列番号1〜4から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項36に記載の方法。
- FGFR1 ECD融合分子を投与する工程を含む、請求項1〜35のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFR1 ECD融合分子が、FGFR1 ECDおよび融合パートナーを含み、該融合パートナーがFcである、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFR1 ECD融合分子が、配列番号5および配列番号6から選択される配列を含む、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、肺癌、腎癌、結腸癌、肝癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、子宮内膜癌、食道癌、頭頸部癌、神経膠芽腫、および前立腺癌から選択される、前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、肺癌、乳癌、頭頸部癌、腎癌、または食道癌である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が肺癌である、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 前記肺癌が非小細胞肺癌である、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記肺癌が小細胞肺癌である、請求項44に記載の方法。
- FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与から恩恵を受け得る、癌を有する対象を特定する方法であって、該対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部におけるFGFR1遺伝子のコピー数を決定する工程を含み、細胞におけるFGFR1遺伝子が2コピーより多いことが、該細胞がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有することを示し、かつ、FGFR1遺伝子増幅が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。
- FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与から恩恵を受け得る、癌を有する対象を特定する方法であって、該対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部における第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率を決定する工程を含み、細胞における比率が1より大きいことが、該細胞がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有することを示し、かつ、FGFR1遺伝子増幅が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。
- FGFR1遺伝子のコピー数、または第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率が、蛍光インサイツハイブリダイゼーション、アレイ比較ゲノムハイブリダイゼーション、DNAマイクロアレイ、スペクトル核型決定、定量PCR、サザンブロット法、または配列決定から選択される方法によって決定される、請求項46または請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部における、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のタンパク質またはmRNAのレベルを決定する工程をさらに含み、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種のタンパク質またはmRNAの過剰発現が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する前記癌の治療反応性の指標である、請求項46〜48のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、およびFGF18から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、または少なくとも4種のタンパク質またはmRNAのレベルを決定する工程をさらに含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- ETV4のレベルを決定する工程をさらに含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与から恩恵を受け得る、癌を有する対象を特定する方法であって、該対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部における、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、少なくとも4種、または少なくとも5種のタンパク質またはmRNAのレベルを決定する工程を含み、FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、FGF18、およびETV4から選択される少なくとも1種のタンパク質またはmRNAの過剰発現が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。
- FGFR1、FGFR3IIIc、FGF2、DKK3、およびFGF18から選択される少なくとも1種、少なくとも2種、少なくとも3種、または少なくとも4種のタンパク質またはmRNAのレベルを決定する工程を含む、請求項52に記載の方法。
- ETV4のレベルを決定する工程を含む、請求項52に記載の方法。
- FGFR1がFGFR1IIIcである、請求項52または請求項53に記載の方法。
- FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子の投与から恩恵を受け得る、癌を有する対象を特定する方法であって、該対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部におけるFGF2のレベルを決定する工程を含み、FGF2の過剰発現が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する該癌の治療反応性の指標である、方法。
- 前記癌がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有しないことを決定する工程をさらに含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 1種または複数種のタンパク質のレベルが決定される、請求項49〜57のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- タンパク質のレベルが免疫組織化学を用いて決定される、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 1種または複数種のmRNAのレベルが決定される、請求項49〜57のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- mRNAのレベルが定量RT−PCRを用いて決定される、請求項60に記載の方法。
- 前記対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部におけるFGFR1遺伝子のコピー数を決定する工程をさらに含み、細胞におけるFGFR1遺伝子が2コピーより多いことが、該細胞がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有することを示し、かつ、FGFR1遺伝子増幅が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する前記癌の治療反応性の指標である、請求項49〜56のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象から採取された試料中の癌細胞の少なくとも一部における第8染色体セントロメアに対するFGFR1遺伝子の比率を決定する工程をさらに含み、細胞における比率が1より大きいことが、該細胞がFGFR1遺伝子増幅を有することを示し、かつ、FGFR1遺伝子増幅が、FGFR1 ECDまたはFGFR1 ECD融合分子に対する前記癌の治療反応性の指標である、請求項49〜56のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFR1 ECDが、配列番号1〜4から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項46〜63のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFR1 ECD融合分子が、FGFR1 ECDおよび融合パートナーを含み、該融合パートナーがFcである、請求項46〜63のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記FGFR1 ECD融合分子が、配列番号5および配列番号6から選択される配列を含む、請求項65に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、肺癌、腎癌、結腸癌、肝癌、乳癌、卵巣癌、子宮内膜癌、食道癌、頭頸部癌、神経膠芽腫、および前立腺癌から選択される、請求項46〜66のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、肺癌、乳癌、腎癌、頭頸部癌、または食道癌である、請求項67に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が肺癌である、請求項68に記載の方法。
- 前記肺癌が非小細胞肺癌である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 前記肺癌が小細胞肺癌である、請求項69に記載の方法。
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JP2022543594A (ja) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-10-13 | 北京基石生命科技有限公司 | 肺がん固形腫瘍の初代細胞と肺がん胸水の初代腫瘍細胞の培養方法およびキット |
JP7510998B2 (ja) | 2019-08-05 | 2024-07-04 | 北京基石生命科技有限公司 | 肺がん固形腫瘍の初代細胞と肺がん胸水の初代腫瘍細胞の培養方法およびキット |
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EP2780033A4 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
CN107823630A (zh) | 2018-03-23 |
EP2780033A1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
US10016484B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
CA2855818A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
US20140341900A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
US20190000920A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
WO2013074492A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
CN104168915A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
HK1202240A1 (en) | 2015-09-25 |
AU2012318247B2 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
TW201326201A (zh) | 2013-07-01 |
JP6578318B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 |
US10537611B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
EP2780033B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US20130136740A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
HK1201462A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 |
AU2012318247A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
JP2017206506A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
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