JP2015209431A - Method of producing fuel oil base material - Google Patents
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1C HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010724 circulating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、流動接触分解装置を用いた燃料油基材の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a fuel oil base material using a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus.
石油精製プロセスにおいて、熱分解は、触媒を用いること無く高温下で炭化水素分子を分解し、軽質炭化水素を得る方法である。現在、熱分解はナフサからエチレン等の基礎化学原料を得る方法として利用されている。ナフサの熱分解によって得られる熱分解油を分留して得られるＣ９留分を主成分とする重質留分は、引火点及び沸点範囲では、灯油或いは軽油に分類できるにもかかわらず、該重質留分は、特有の臭気を有するため、灯軽油等に用いる燃料油基材として利用することが困難であり、主にボイラー燃料として利用されていた。
一方、原料油を流動接触分解装置（以下、ＦＣＣ装置という）で分解処理する方法では、燃料油を増産するために、廃プラスチックや石油化学製品の製造装置からの副生品などの炭化水素系重合体をＦＣＣ装置に供給して効率よく分解処理する方法が提案されてきた（特許文献１及び２参照）。
このように、高付加価値化という観点から、これまでボイラー燃料として使用されてきた熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分についても、ボイラー燃料用途以外への適用が望まれている。
In the petroleum refining process, thermal cracking is a method for cracking hydrocarbon molecules at high temperatures without using a catalyst to obtain light hydrocarbons. Currently, pyrolysis is used as a method for obtaining basic chemical raw materials such as ethylene from naphtha. The heavy fraction mainly composed of C9 fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolyzed oil obtained by thermal decomposition of naphtha can be classified as kerosene or light oil in the flash point and boiling range. Since the heavy fraction has a specific odor, it is difficult to use it as a fuel oil base material used for kerosene or the like, and it has been mainly used as boiler fuel.
On the other hand, in the method of cracking raw oil with a fluid catalytic cracking unit (hereinafter referred to as FCC unit), in order to increase the production of fuel oil, hydrocarbons such as by-products from waste plastics and petrochemical product manufacturing equipment A method of efficiently decomposing by supplying a polymer to an FCC apparatus has been proposed (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Thus, from the viewpoint of high added value, the heavy fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolysis oil that has been used as boiler fuel so far is also desired to be applied to applications other than boiler fuel applications. .
本発明は、燃料油基材が高得率で得られ、特有の臭気が低減された燃料油基材の製造方法の提供を課題とする。 This invention makes it a subject to provide the manufacturing method of the fuel oil base material by which the fuel oil base material was obtained with high yield, and the specific odor was reduced.
本発明者らは、ナフサの熱分解によって得られる熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を流動接触分解装置の原料油として用いることにより、灯軽油等の燃料油基材を高得率で得られ、かつ、特有の臭気を低減できることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。 The present inventors have increased the fuel oil base material such as kerosene oil by using a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating a pyrolysis oil obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha as a raw material oil for a fluid catalytic cracking device. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed based on this finding.
すなわち、本発明は、下記に示す燃料油基材の製造方法を提供する。
［１］ナフサの熱分解によって得られた熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を原料油全量基準で１容量％以上１０容量％以下含む原料油を流動接触分解装置により分解して分解油を得る工程と、得られた分解油を分留する工程とを有する燃料油基材の製造方法。
［２］前記燃料油基材が灯軽油基材である前記［１］に記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
［３］前記重質留分の１５℃の密度が０．９００ｇ／ｃｍ3以上である前記［１］又は［２］に記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
［４］前記重質留分に含まれる硫黄分が０．５質量％以下である前記［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
［５］前記重質留分に含まれる硫黄分が０．１質量％以下である前記［４］に記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
［６］前記重質留分のＡＳＴＭ Ｄ８６に準拠した蒸留方法による１０容量％留出温度が１４０℃以上１９０℃以下であり、５０容量％留出温度が１５０℃以上２００℃以下であり、９０容量％留出温度が１７０℃以上２６０℃以下である前記［１］〜［５］のいずれかに記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
［７］前記重質留分の留出温度が１００℃以上３５０℃以下である前記［１］〜［６］のいずれかに記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
［８］前記重質留分、間接脱硫重油及び直接脱硫重油を混合して原料油として用いる前記［１］〜［７］のいずれかに記載の燃料油基材の製造方法。
That is, this invention provides the manufacturing method of the fuel oil base material shown below.
[1] A fluidized catalytic cracking device is used to decompose a feed oil containing a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating a pyrolyzed oil obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha in an amount of 1 to 10% by volume based on the total amount of the feed oil. A method for producing a fuel oil base material, which includes a step of obtaining cracked oil and a step of fractionating the obtained cracked oil.
[2] The method for producing a fuel oil base material according to [1], wherein the fuel oil base material is a kerosene oil base material.
[3] The method for producing a fuel oil base material according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the density of the heavy fraction at 15 ° C. is 0.900 g / cm 3 or more.
[4] The method for producing a fuel oil base material according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein a sulfur content in the heavy fraction is 0.5% by mass or less.
[5] The method for producing a fuel oil base material according to [4], wherein a sulfur content in the heavy fraction is 0.1% by mass or less.
[6] The 10 volume% distillation temperature by the distillation method based on ASTM D86 of the said heavy fraction is 140 degreeC or more and 190 degrees C or less, 50 volume% distillation temperature is 150 degreeC or more and 200 degrees C or less, 90 The method for producing a fuel oil base material according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the volume% distillation temperature is 170 ° C. or higher and 260 ° C. or lower.
[7] The method for producing a fuel oil base material according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein a distillation temperature of the heavy fraction is 100 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower.
[8] The method for producing a fuel oil base according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the heavy fraction, indirect desulfurized heavy oil and direct desulfurized heavy oil are mixed and used as a raw material oil.
本発明によれば、燃料油基材が高得率で得られ、特有の臭気が低減された燃料油基材の製造方法を提供できる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a fuel oil base material can be obtained with a high yield, and the manufacturing method of the fuel oil base material by which the characteristic odor was reduced can be provided.
［燃料油基材の製造方法］
本実施形態に係る燃料油基材の製造方法は、ナフサの熱分解によって得られた熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を原料油全量基準で１容量％以上１０容量％以下含む原料油を流動接触分解装置（以下、ＦＣＣ装置という）により分解して分解油を得る工程と、得られた分解油を分留する工程とを有する。得られる分解油を、さらに分留することにより、ガス分、ＰＰ留分、ＢＢ留分、ＦＣＣガソリン（ＦＧ）留分（ガソリン基材）、分解軽油（ＬＣＯ）留分（軽油基材）等の燃料油基材を得ることができる。
＜ＦＣＣ原料油＞
本実施形態に係る燃料油基材の製造方法では、熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を、例えば、脱硫重油に所定量混合したものをＦＣＣ原料油として用いる。本実施形態に係る燃料油基材の製造方法で用いることのできるＦＣＣ原料油について以下に説明する。上記脱硫重油としては、間接脱硫重油、直接脱硫重油が挙げられる。
[Method for producing fuel oil base]
In the method for producing a fuel oil base according to the present embodiment, a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating a pyrolyzed oil obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha is 1% by volume or more and 10% by volume or less based on the total amount of raw material oil. The process comprises a step of decomposing the raw material oil contained in a fluid catalytic cracking device (hereinafter referred to as an FCC device) to obtain cracked oil, and a step of fractionating the obtained cracked oil. By further fractionating the obtained cracked oil, gas fraction, PP fraction, BB fraction, FCC gasoline (FG) fraction (gasoline base material), cracked light oil (LCO) fraction (light oil base material), etc. The fuel oil base material can be obtained.
<FCC feedstock>
In the method for producing a fuel oil base according to the present embodiment, a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolysis oil, for example, a predetermined amount mixed with desulfurized heavy oil is used as the FCC feedstock. The FCC feedstock that can be used in the method for producing a fuel base material according to this embodiment will be described below. Examples of the desulfurized heavy oil include indirect desulfurized heavy oil and direct desulfurized heavy oil.
（熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分）
本実施形態において、熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分とは、例えば、エチレン分解炉プロセス等のナフサの熱分解によって得られる熱分解油のうち、留出温度が１００℃以上３５０℃以下の範囲にある留分を指す。
重質留分の性状は、下記のとおりである。重質留分の１５℃の密度が０．９００ｇ／ｃｍ3以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、０．９３ｇ／ｃｍ3以上０．９８ｇ／ｃｍ3以下である。重質留分の１５℃の密度が上記範囲であれば、ＦＣＣ装置における触媒上に堆積するコーク量を少なくすることができ、触媒再生設備の負荷低減及び反応効率向上を達成できる。
(Heavy fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolysis oil)
In the present embodiment, the heavy fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolysis oil is, for example, a distillation temperature of 100 ° C. or higher among pyrolysis oil obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha such as an ethylene cracking furnace process. The fraction in the range of 350 ° C. or lower is indicated.
The properties of the heavy fraction are as follows. The density of the heavy fraction at 15 ° C. is preferably 0.900 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 0.93 g / cm 3 or more and 0.98 g / cm 3 or less. If the density of the heavy fraction at 15 ° C. is in the above range, the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst in the FCC apparatus can be reduced, and the load reduction and the reaction efficiency improvement of the catalyst regeneration facility can be achieved.
なお、本実施形態における重質留分としては、蒸留性状が、ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ８６に準拠した蒸留方法による１０容量％留出温度（Ｔ１０）が１４０℃以上１９０℃以下であり、５０容量％留出温度（Ｔ５０）が１５０℃以上２００℃以下であり、９０容量％留出温度（Ｔ９０）が１７０℃以上２６０℃以下であるものが好ましい。
重質留分の蒸留性状が上記範囲であれば、ＦＣＣ装置における触媒上に堆積するコーク量を少なくすることができ、触媒再生設備の負荷低減及び反応効率向上を達成できる。
また、本実施形態において、１５℃における密度は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２４９「原油及び石油製品の密度試験方法並びに密度・質量・容量換算表」により測定される密度である。硫黄分は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２５４１「原油及び石油製品−硫黄分試験方法」により測定される値である。
In addition, as a heavy fraction in this embodiment, 10 volume% distillation temperature (T10) by the distillation method based on ASTM D86 is 140 to 190 degreeC, and the distillation property is 50 volume% distillation temperature. It is preferable that (T50) is 150 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, and 90% by volume distillation temperature (T90) is 170 ° C. or higher and 260 ° C. or lower.
If the distillation property of the heavy fraction is within the above range, the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst in the FCC apparatus can be reduced, and the load reduction and the reaction efficiency improvement of the catalyst regeneration facility can be achieved.
In the present embodiment, the density at 15 ° C. is a density measured by JIS K 2249 “Determination method of density of crude oil and petroleum products and density / mass / capacity conversion table”. The sulfur content is a value measured according to JIS K 2541 “Crude oil and petroleum products—sulfur content test method”.
上記性状を有する重質留分としては、Ｃ９留分を主成分とした重質留分が好適に挙げられる。Ｃ９留分に含まれる成分としては、スチレン、プロピルベンゼン、メチルエチルベンゼン、トリメチルベンゼン、インデン、ジシクロペンタジエン、ナフタリン等が挙げられる。 As the heavy fraction having the above properties, a heavy fraction containing a C9 fraction as a main component is preferably exemplified. Examples of the component contained in the C9 fraction include styrene, propylbenzene, methylethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, indene, dicyclopentadiene, naphthalene and the like.
（間接脱硫重油）
本実施形態に係る燃料油基材の製造方法では、ＦＣＣ原料油として、例えば、原油の常圧蒸留にて得られる重質軽油、減圧軽油等を間接脱硫装置（ＶＨ）にて脱硫処理して得られる脱硫重質軽油（ＶＨＨＧＯ）、脱硫減圧軽油（ＶＨＶＧＯ）、溶剤脱れき装置から得られる脱れき油等が併用できる。
(Indirect desulfurization heavy oil)
In the method for producing a fuel oil base material according to the present embodiment, for example, heavy gas oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, vacuum gas oil or the like is desulfurized with an indirect desulfurization apparatus (VH) as the FCC raw material oil. The resulting desulfurized heavy gas oil (VHHGO), desulfurized vacuum gas oil (VHVGO), degassed oil obtained from a solvent degassing device, and the like can be used in combination.
（直接脱硫重油）
本実施形態に係る燃料油基材の製造方法では、ＦＣＣ原料油として、さらに、原油の常圧蒸留残油（ＡＲ）及び減圧蒸留残油（ＶＲ）、重質軽油、接触分解残油、ビスブレーキング油、ビチューメンなどの密度の高い石油留分を用いて重油直接脱硫装置（ＲＨ）において水素化脱硫及び水素化分解して得られた脱硫重油（ＤＳＡＲ）を用いることができる。
脱硫重油（ＤＳＡＲ）を得るための水素化脱硫及び水素化分解は、触媒の存在下で行い、反応温度、反応圧力、液空間速度等の反応条件を最適化することにより必要とされる脱硫率や重質油の分解率を達成することができる。
(Direct desulfurized heavy oil)
In the method for producing a fuel oil base material according to the present embodiment, as FCC feedstock, further, atmospheric distillation residue (AR) and vacuum distillation residue (VR) of crude oil, heavy gas oil, catalytic cracking residue, screw Desulfurized heavy oil (DSAR) obtained by hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking in a heavy oil direct desulfurization apparatus (RH) using a high-density petroleum fraction such as braking oil and bitumen can be used.
Hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking to obtain desulfurized heavy oil (DSAR) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, and the desulfurization rate required by optimizing reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction pressure, and liquid space velocity And the degradation rate of heavy oil can be achieved.
水素化脱硫及び水素化分解は、通常３００〜４５０℃、好ましくは３３０〜４２０℃、より好ましくは３８０〜４２０℃の温度条件下で通常１０〜２２ＭＰａ、好ましくは１３〜２０ＭＰａの水素加圧下で行われる。液空間速度（ＬＨＳＶ）は通常０．１〜１０ｈ-1、好ましくは０．１〜３ｈ-1、水素／油比は通常２００〜１０，０００Ｎｍ3／ＫＬ、好ましくは５００〜１０，０００Ｎｍ3／ＫＬの範囲で行われる。 The hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking are usually carried out at a temperature of 300 to 450 ° C., preferably 330 to 420 ° C., more preferably 380 to 420 ° C. under a hydrogen pressure of usually 10 to 22 MPa, preferably 13 to 20 MPa. Is called. The liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) is usually 0.1 to 10 -1, preferably 0.1~3h -1, a hydrogen / oil ratio is typically 200~10,000Nm 3 / KL, preferably 500～10,000Nm 3 / It is performed in the range of KL.
水素化脱硫及び水素化分解は、第一工程として水素化脱金属処理工程、第二工程として水素化脱硫処理工程の２工程を含むことが好ましい。上記ＤＳＡＲ原料重質油は、初めに第一工程である水素化脱金属処理工程で、水素化脱金属処理され、水素化脱硫触媒の活性低下の原因となるバナジウム、ニッケルなどの金属分が水素化され脱金属される。次いで、第二工程である水素化脱硫処理工程に送られ水素化脱硫処理される。この時、第一工程と第二工程は同一装置内で行うこともできるが、別装置で行ってもよい。触媒の劣化抑制の点から、前記ＲＨの上流に、別途ＯＣＲ等の脱金属装置を付帯して有することが好ましい。 The hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking preferably include two steps, a hydrodemetallation treatment step as the first step and a hydrodesulfurization treatment step as the second step. The DSAR raw material heavy oil is first hydrodemetallized in the hydrodemetallation process, which is the first process, and metal components such as vanadium and nickel that cause a decrease in the activity of the hydrodesulfurization catalyst are hydrogenated. And demetalized. Subsequently, it is sent to the hydrodesulfurization process which is the second process and hydrodesulfurized. At this time, the first step and the second step can be performed in the same apparatus, but may be performed in different apparatuses. From the viewpoint of suppressing the deterioration of the catalyst, it is preferable that a separate metal removal device such as OCR is additionally provided upstream of the RH.
上記第一工程と第二工程の機能分担を実現させる具体的手段としては、触媒担体の細孔構造と担持金属量とをパラメーターとして、例えば、第一工程においては、担体の細孔径を大きく（又は金属担持量を少なく）する方法により、触媒の細孔容積を大きくして、分子の大きな金属分を捕捉して、第二工程では表面積の大きい（細孔の径が小さく、数の多い）担体に、活性金属をより多く担持した触媒を用いて、主として硫黄化合物の水素化脱硫を行なう。これら各工程は、前記のとおりの主たる機能分担を有するが、全体としては原料重質油の水素化精製処理が行われる。 As a specific means for realizing the function sharing between the first step and the second step, the pore structure of the catalyst support and the amount of supported metal are used as parameters. For example, in the first step, the pore size of the support is increased ( (Or reduce the amount of supported metal) to increase the pore volume of the catalyst and capture the large metal content of the molecule. In the second step, the surface area is large (the pore diameter is small and the number is large). Hydrodesulfurization of sulfur compounds is mainly performed using a catalyst that supports more active metal on the support. Each of these steps has the main function sharing as described above, but as a whole, hydrorefining treatment of raw material heavy oil is performed.
水素化脱硫及び水素化分解に用いる触媒は、水素化脱金属能、水素化脱硫能を持った公知の触媒をいずれも用いることができ、例えば、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、ゼオライトあるいはこれらの混合物等の担体に、周期表第Ｖ〜ＶＩＩＩ族金属、あるいはこれらの硫化物、酸化物を担持した触媒を用いることができる。上記周期表第Ｖ〜ＶＩＩＩ族の金属の金属としては、水素化脱硫に適した活性金属を用いる点から、好ましくはニッケル、コバルト、モリブデン、タングステン等、あるいはこれらの組み合わせが用いられる。本発明においては、重質油に対してより水素化脱硫、水素化分解および水素化能の優れている点から、触媒としてアルミナ等の多孔質無機酸化物担体にＣｏ−Ｍｏ、Ｃｏ−Ｍｏ−Ｐ、Ｎｉ−Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ−Ｍｏ−Ｐ等の金属を担持した触媒を用いることが好ましい。 As the catalyst used for hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking, any known catalyst having hydrodemetallization ability and hydrodesulfurization ability can be used. For example, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite or a mixture thereof, etc. A catalyst carrying a group V to VIII metal of the periodic table or a sulfide or oxide thereof can be used as the support. From the viewpoint of using an active metal suitable for hydrodesulfurization, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, or a combination thereof is preferably used as the metal of the Group V to VIII metal of the periodic table. In the present invention, since it is more excellent in hydrodesulfurization, hydrocracking and hydrogenation ability than heavy oil, a porous inorganic oxide carrier such as alumina is used as a catalyst for Co-Mo, Co-Mo- It is preferable to use a catalyst carrying a metal such as P, Ni—Mo, Ni—Mo—P or the like.
上記水素化脱硫及び水素化分解で用いられる反応器としては従来公知の様式の反応器、例えば固定床、移動床いずれも使用することができ、ダウンフロー式、アップフロー式のいずれであってもよい。 As a reactor used in the above hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking, a conventionally known type of reactor, for example, a fixed bed or a moving bed can be used, and any of a downflow type and an upflow type can be used. Good.
ＲＨにおける水素化脱硫及び水素化分解で得られた反応生成物は、気液分離装置により気液を分離し、液相は蒸留等の分離操作によりナフサ留分、灯油留分、軽油留分、重油留分等の所望の留分に分留し回収する。このとき得られた重油留分であるＤＳＡＲをＦＣＣ原料油として用いる。
上記ＲＨにおける水素化脱硫及び水素化分解においては、その脱硫率（ＨＤＳ）、脱窒素率（ＨＤＮ）、脱バナジウム率（ＨＤＶ）、脱ニッケル率（ＨＤＮｉ）、脱残炭率（ＨＤＣＣＲ）、脱アスファルテン率（ＨＤＡｓ）がそれぞれ、８０〜９０％、３５〜４０％、７５〜８０％、６５〜７５％、５０〜５５％、６０％以上であることが好ましい。これらは、いずれもＲＨの原料油と生成油中の各成分量から、各成分の除去割合として算出される。
得られたＤＳＡＲは、軽油等のいわゆる中間留分となり得る留分は極力軽油等に活用するという点から、沸点が３３０℃以上の炭化水素の重質留分であることが好ましく、その芳香族分含有量は、７０〜９０質量％であることが好ましく、硫黄分含有量は０．２〜０．５質量％であることが好ましい。
The reaction product obtained by hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking in RH is separated into gas and liquid by a gas-liquid separator, and the liquid phase is separated by naphtha fraction, kerosene fraction, light oil fraction, It is fractionated into a desired fraction such as a heavy oil fraction and recovered. DSAR which is the heavy oil fraction obtained at this time is used as FCC feedstock.
In the above hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking in RH, the desulfurization rate (HDS), denitrogenation rate (HDN), devanadium rate (HDV), denicking rate (HDNi), decarburized rate (HDCCR), desulfurization rate. The asphaltene ratio (HDAs) is preferably 80 to 90%, 35 to 40%, 75 to 80%, 65 to 75%, 50 to 55%, and 60% or more, respectively. These are all calculated as the removal ratio of each component from the amount of each component in the RH feedstock and product oil.
The obtained DSAR is preferably a heavy hydrocarbon hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point of 330 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint that a fraction that can be a so-called middle fraction such as light oil is utilized as much as possible for light oil. The content of the component is preferably 70 to 90% by mass, and the content of the sulfur is preferably 0.2 to 0.5% by mass.
（その他のＦＣＣ原料油）
ＦＣＣ装置の原料油としては、上述の熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分、間接脱硫重油、直接脱硫重油のほか、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、重質軽油、減圧軽油、脱れき軽油、常圧残油等を混合して用いることができる。
(Other FCC feedstock)
FCC equipment feedstocks include heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the above pyrolysis oil, indirect desulfurized heavy oil, direct desulfurized heavy oil, heavy light oil, reduced pressure as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Light oil, degassed light oil, atmospheric residual oil and the like can be mixed and used.
＜ＦＣＣ原料油の組成＞
上述した熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分は、間接脱硫重油と直接脱硫重油とを混合して用いることが好ましい。この場合、得率向上の観点から上述した熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分は多い程好ましいが、得率と臭気性（無臭気）の観点から、ＦＣＣ原料油全量基準で、熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を１容量％以上１０容量％以下含む。より好ましくは、１容量％以上５容量％以下である。
また、間接脱硫重油と直接脱硫重油とは、容量比で、ＦＣＣ装置の熱バランスを保つ為に５０：５０〜９５：５であることが好ましい。
<Composition of FCC feedstock>
The heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the above-mentioned pyrolysis oil is preferably used by mixing indirect desulfurized heavy oil and direct desulfurized heavy oil. In this case, from the viewpoint of yield improvement, the higher the heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the above-mentioned pyrolysis oil, the better. However, from the viewpoint of yield and odor (odorless), it is based on the total amount of FCC feedstock. In addition, a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolysis oil is contained in an amount of 1% by volume to 10% by volume. More preferably, it is 1 volume% or more and 5 volume% or less.
The indirect desulfurized heavy oil and the direct desulfurized heavy oil are preferably in a volume ratio of 50:50 to 95: 5 in order to maintain the heat balance of the FCC apparatus.
＜ＦＣＣ装置＞
本実施形態に係る燃料油基材の製造方法では、ＦＣＣ装置に上述したＦＣＣ原料油が導入され、次の処理条件によって接触分解される。
上述した熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分と間接脱硫重油と直接脱硫重油の混合は配管内で行われ、混合後のＦＣＣ原料油をＦＣＣ装置内部に導入する。接触分解の処理条件としては、反応温度４８０℃以上６５０℃以下が好ましく、４８０℃以上５５０℃以下の範囲がより好ましい。
また、反応圧力は、０．０２ＭＰａ以上５ＭＰａ以下の範囲が好ましく、０．２ＭＰａ以上２ＭＰａ以下の範囲がより好ましい。
流動接触分解処理によって得られる分解油は、分留塔により、さらにガス分、ＰＰ留分（プロパン、プロピレン）、ＢＢ留分（ブタン、ブチレン）、ＦＣＣガソリン（ＦＧ）留分（沸点範囲１８５℃未満の留分）、分解軽油（ＬＣＯ）留分（沸点範囲１８５℃以上３７０℃以下の留分）、及び残渣油留分（重質循環油（ＨＣＯ）＋分解残油（ＣＬＯ））に分留される。なお、沸点範囲１８５℃以上２１０℃以下の留分は運転方針によりＦＧ留分として分留される場合もある。
反応温度及び反応圧力が上記範囲であると、接触分解が効率よく起こり、接触分解処理によって得られる反応生成物を分留して得られる上記燃料油基材の得率（容量％）（原料油の容量を基準とした各留分の得率）が高められる。
<FCC equipment>
In the method for producing a fuel oil base material according to the present embodiment, the FCC raw material oil described above is introduced into the FCC apparatus, and is subjected to catalytic cracking under the following processing conditions.
The heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the pyrolysis oil, the indirect desulfurized heavy oil and the direct desulfurized heavy oil are mixed in the pipe, and the mixed FCC feedstock is introduced into the FCC apparatus. The treatment conditions for catalytic cracking are preferably a reaction temperature of 480 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, and more preferably a range of 480 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower.
The reaction pressure is preferably in the range of 0.02 MPa to 5 MPa, more preferably in the range of 0.2 MPa to 2 MPa.
The cracked oil obtained by the fluid catalytic cracking treatment is further divided into a gas fraction, a PP fraction (propane, propylene), a BB fraction (butane, butylene), and an FCC gasoline (FG) fraction (boiling point range 185 ° C.). Fraction), cracked light oil (LCO) fraction (boiling range 185 ° C. or more and 370 ° C. or less), and residue oil fraction (heavy circulating oil (HCO) + cracked residue (CLO)). Be retained. A fraction having a boiling range of 185 ° C. or higher and 210 ° C. or lower may be fractionated as an FG fraction depending on the operation policy.
When the reaction temperature and the reaction pressure are within the above ranges, catalytic cracking occurs efficiently, and the yield (volume%) of the fuel oil base material obtained by fractionating the reaction product obtained by the catalytic cracking process (raw oil) The yield of each fraction based on the volume of
［燃料油基材］
本実施形態に係る燃料油基材は、ナフサの熱分解によって得られた熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を原料油全量基準で１容量％以上１０容量％以下含む原料油をＦＣＣ装置により分解して得られた分解油を、さらに分留して得られる。分解油の分留により、ガス分、ＰＰ留分、ＢＢ留分、ＦＣＣガソリン（ＦＧ）留分、分解軽油（ＬＣＯ）留分等の燃料油基材を得ることができる。各燃料油基材の性状は下記のとおりであることが好ましい。
（ガス分）
Ｃ１とＣ２の組成が合わせて４０ｍｏｌ％以上であることが好ましい。水素は２０ｍｏｌ％以下であることが好ましい。
（ＰＰ留分）
Ｃ３の組成が９５ｍｏｌ％以上であることが好ましい。
（ＢＢ留分）
Ｃ４の組成が９５ｍｏｌ％以上であることが好ましい。
（ＦＣＣガソリン留分（ガソリン基材））
１５℃の密度が０．７２００ｇ／ｃｍ3以上であることが好ましい。硫黄分は７０ｐｐｍ以下であることが好ましい。
（分解軽油（ＬＣＯ）留分（軽油基材））
１５℃の密度が０．９０００ｇ／ｃｍ3以上であることが好ましい。硫黄分は０．３０ｗｔ％以下であることが好ましい。
（残渣油留分）
１５℃の密度が１．１０００ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であることが好ましい。硫黄分は１．２５ｗｔ％以下であることが好ましい。
[Fuel oil base material]
The fuel oil base material according to the present embodiment is a raw material oil containing 1% by volume or more and 10% by volume or less of a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating pyrolyzed oil obtained by pyrolysis of naphtha based on the total amount of the raw material oil. Is obtained by further fractional distillation. Fuel oil base materials such as gas fraction, PP fraction, BB fraction, FCC gasoline (FG) fraction and cracked light oil (LCO) fraction can be obtained by fractionation of cracked oil. The properties of each fuel oil base are preferably as follows.
(For gas)
The total composition of C1 and C2 is preferably 40 mol% or more. It is preferable that hydrogen is 20 mol% or less.
(PP fraction)
The composition of C3 is preferably 95 mol% or more.
(BB fraction)
The composition of C4 is preferably 95 mol% or more.
(FCC gasoline fraction (gasoline base material))
It is preferable that the density at 15 ° C. is 0.7200 g / cm 3 or more. The sulfur content is preferably 70 ppm or less.
(Decomposed light oil (LCO) fraction (light oil base))
The density at 15 ° C. is preferably 0.9000 g / cm 3 or more. The sulfur content is preferably 0.30 wt% or less.
(Residual oil fraction)
The density at 15 ° C. is preferably 1.1000 g / cm 3 or less. The sulfur content is preferably 1.25 wt% or less.
なお、Ｃ１、Ｃ２、水素の組成は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２３０１「燃料ガス及び天然ガス−分析・試験方法」に準拠して測定される値である。
上記Ｃ３、Ｃ４の組成は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２４０「液化石油ガス−組成分析方法」に準拠して測定される値である。
上記１５℃における密度は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２４９「原油及び石油製品の密度試験方法並びに密度・質量・容量換算表」に準拠して測定される値である。
上記硫黄分は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２５４１「原油及び石油製品−硫黄分試験方法」に準拠して測定される値である。
The compositions of C1, C2, and hydrogen are values measured in accordance with JIS K 2301 “Fuel gas and natural gas—analysis and test method”.
The compositions of C3 and C4 are values measured according to JIS K 2240 “Liquefied petroleum gas-composition analysis method”.
The density at 15 ° C. is a value measured according to JIS K 2249 “Crude oil and petroleum product density test method and density / mass / capacity conversion table”.
The sulfur content is a value measured according to JIS K 2541 “Crude oil and petroleum products—sulfur content test method”.
本発明を、実施例を参照してさらに詳細に説明する。本発明は、これらの例に限定されない。なお、各例における性状及び性能は、下記の方法に従って測定した。
[評価方法]
各性状は、次の方法により評価した。
＜１５℃における密度＞
１５℃における密度は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２４９「原油及び石油製品の密度試験方法並びに密度・質量・容量換算表」に準拠して測定した。
＜硫黄分＞
硫黄分は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２５４１「原油及び石油製品−硫黄分試験方法」に準拠して測定した。
＜残留炭素分＞
残留炭素分はＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２７０「原油及び石油製品−残留炭素分試験方法」に準拠して測定した。
＜蒸留性状＞
熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分の蒸留性状は、ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ８６に準拠して測定した。間接脱硫重油の蒸留性状は、ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ６３５２に準拠して測定した。直接脱硫重油の蒸留性状は、ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ７１６９に準拠して測定した。
＜臭気性試験＞
三点嗜好法に準拠して行った。独特の臭いがない場合をＡ、独特の臭いが少しある場合をＢ、独特の強い臭いがあると感じた場合をＣとした。
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, the property and performance in each example were measured according to the following method.
[Evaluation method]
Each property was evaluated by the following method.
<Density at 15 ° C>
The density at 15 ° C. was measured in accordance with JIS K 2249 “Density test method and density / mass / capacity conversion table for crude oil and petroleum products”.
<Sulfur content>
The sulfur content was measured according to JIS K 2541 “Crude oil and petroleum products—Sulfur content test method”.
<Residual carbon content>
Residual carbon content was measured according to JIS K 2270 “Crude oil and petroleum products—residual carbon content test method”.
<Distillation properties>
The distillation properties of the heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the pyrolyzed oil were measured according to ASTM D86. The distillation property of indirect desulfurized heavy oil was measured according to ASTM D6352. The distillation property of the direct desulfurized heavy oil was measured according to ASTM D7169.
<Odor test>
This was done according to the three-point preference method. The case where there was no peculiar odor was A, the case where there was a little peculiar odor, B, and the case where it felt that there was a peculiar strong odor, C.
［実施例、比較例］
第１表に示す性状の熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分、及び第２表に示す性状の脱硫重油を流動接触分解装置に導入し、処理した。流動接触分解装置における処理条件を、下記に示す条件１又は条件２に設定して、さらに分留し、燃料油基材を得た。条件１によって得られた燃料油基材の得率（原料油の容量を基準にしているため得率の合計は１００容量％とならない）と製品の臭気性評価とを第３−１表に示し、条件２によって得られた燃料油基材の得率と製品の臭気性評価とを第３−２表に示した。
なお、接触分解装置における反応条件は、下記のとおりとした。
条件１ 反応温度：５３０℃、触媒／油＝６
条件２ 反応温度：５３０℃、触媒／油＝８
[Examples and Comparative Examples]
A heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the pyrolysis oil having the properties shown in Table 1 and a desulfurized heavy oil having the properties shown in Table 2 were introduced into a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus and processed. The treatment conditions in the fluid catalytic cracking apparatus were set to the following conditions 1 or 2, and further fractionated to obtain a fuel oil base material. Table 3-1 shows the yield of the fuel oil base material obtained under Condition 1 (the total yield does not become 100% by volume because it is based on the capacity of the raw material oil) and the odor evaluation of the product Table 3-2 shows the yield of the fuel oil base material obtained under Condition 2 and the odor evaluation of the product.
The reaction conditions in the catalytic cracking apparatus were as follows.
Condition 1 Reaction temperature: 530 ° C., catalyst / oil = 6
Condition 2 Reaction temperature: 530 ° C., catalyst / oil = 8
［評価結果］
実施例１〜４によれば、ＦＣＣ装置の原料油としてナフサの熱分解によって得られる熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分を用いると、燃料油基材のうち分解軽油の得率が向上することが確認された。なお、ＦＣＣの原料油として用いる熱分解油を分留して得られる重質留分の配合比を、１容量％以上１０容量％以下とすれば、臭気性の観点からも好ましいことがわかった。
[Evaluation results]
According to Examples 1 to 4, when a heavy fraction obtained by fractionating a pyrolysis oil obtained by thermal decomposition of naphtha is used as a feedstock for an FCC apparatus, a cracked gas oil can be obtained from the fuel oil base material. It was confirmed that the rate was improved. In addition, it turned out that it is preferable also from an odor viewpoint if the compounding ratio of the heavy fraction obtained by fractionating the pyrolysis oil used as FCC raw material oil shall be 1 to 10 volume%. .
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| CN116194555A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-05-30 | Ifp 新能源公司 | Method for treating plastic pyrolysis oil comprising two-step hydrocracking |
| CN116209737A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-06-02 | Ifp 新能源公司 | Method for treating plastic pyrolysis oil comprising one-step hydrocracking |
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