JP2014532072A - 眼疾患の治療 - Google Patents
眼疾患の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年10月13日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/546,708号の優先権を主張する。米国仮特許出願第61/546,708号の全容を参照により本明細書に組み込む。
全容を参照により組み込まれるのは、本明細書と共に同時に提出され、次のように特定されるコンピューター可読配列表である:92KBのASCII(テキスト)ファイル1件、ファイル名「233106-331562_Seq_Listing_ST25.txt」、2012年10月12日午後12時42分作成。
この明細書およびそれに続く特許請求の範囲において、いくつかの用語が参照されるが、それらは以下の意味を有すると定義される。
本発明において有用な剤には、限定ではなく、ΗΡΤΡβの細胞外部分に特異的に結合し、少なくとも1つのΗΡΤΡβのホスファターゼ活性を阻害する抗体、タンパク質、ダルピンズ(darpins)、ペプチド、アプタマー、アドネクチン、ペプチボディーまたは核酸が含まれる。本明細書では「ホスファターゼ活性」は、酵素活性および生物学的活性を含み、生物学的活性はTie2リン酸化を評価して測定される。
適切なHPTPβ−ECD結合剤は、当技術分野で既知の様々な技法を用いて特定され得る。例えば、候補剤は、HPTPβへの結合についてスクリーニングされ得、および活性についてスクリーニングされ得る。一般に、候補剤は、最初に結合ついてスクリーニングされ、選択的結合を示すものは次いでTie2のHPTPβ媒介脱リン酸化を阻害する能力を決定するスクリーニングに供される。しかし、場合によっては候補剤は最初にインビトロで活性をスクリーニングされる。
特異的結合剤の特定に使用される適切なアッセイの選択は、スクリーニングされる候補剤の性質による。当業者であれば、特定の候補剤の適切なアッセイを選択できよう。
実施例4に例示されるように、1つの適切なアッセイではHUVECが無血清培地において様々な濃度の候補剤の存在または非存在下で培養され、細胞溶解物が調製され、Tie2抗体を用いて免疫沈降され、ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動により分離され、PVDF膜に転写される。膜に結合した免疫沈降されたタンパク質は次いで連続的ウエスタンブロットに供され、抗ホスホチロシン抗体を用いてTie2リン酸化を定量化してからTie2抗体を用いて全Tie2を定量化する。Tie2リン酸化は、抗ホスホチロシンシグナルの全Tie2シグナルに対する比率として表す。抗ホスホチロシンシグナルのレベルのほうが大きいことは、候補剤によりHPTPβがより阻害されていることを示す。
眼の疾患または状態、特に網膜症、眼の浮腫および眼の血管新生を治療する方法が開示される。これらの疾患または状態の非限定的な例は、糖尿病性黄斑浮腫、加齢黄斑変性症(湿潤型)、脈絡膜血管新生、糖尿病性網膜症、眼虚血、ぶどう膜炎、網膜静脈閉塞(中心または分枝)、眼外傷、手術による浮腫、手術による血管新生、嚢胞様黄斑浮腫、眼虚血、ぶどう膜炎、などを含む。これらの疾患または状態は、進行性であれ非進行性であれ、急性の疾患または状態、または慢性の疾患または状態の結果であれ、眼の血管系の変化により特徴づけられる。
a.有効量のHPTPβ−ECD結合剤またはその薬剤的に許容可能な塩;および
b.1以上の担体または適合性のある賦形剤。
HPTPβ−ECD結合剤投与の有効な用量とスケジュールは経験的に決定してよく、このような決定をすることは当該分野の範囲内である。当業者であれば、投与されなければならない剤の用量は、例えば、剤を受ける対象、投与経路、使用される剤の特定の種類、および対象に投与されている他の薬物により異なることを理解しよう。例えば、抗体の適切な用量を選択する案内が、抗体医薬の文献、例えば、Handbook of Monoclonal Antibodies, Ferrone et al., eds., Noges Publications, Park Ridge, N.J., (1985) ch. 22 and pp. 303-357; Smith et al., Antibodies in Human Diagnosis and Therapy, Haber et al., eds., Raven Press, New York (1977) pp. 365-389に見られる。単独で使用する場合の剤の典型的な用量は、上述の要因により、1日当たり体重の約0.01mg/kg〜500mg/kg以上、または約0.01mg/kg〜約50mg/kg、または約0.1mg/kg〜約50mg/kg、または約0.1mg/kg〜約10mg/kgまで、または約0.2mg/kg〜約1mg/kgの範囲であり得る。
ヒト、哺乳動物または細胞に送達される剤および組成物を含むキットも開示される。キットは、ヒト、哺乳動物または細胞内に送達される1以上の剤を含む組成物の1以上の包装された単位用量を含み得る。送達される剤が使用前に包装されている単位用量のアンプルまたは複数用量の容器は、組成物の単位用量または複数の単位用量を封入する気密密封容器を含み得る。剤は、無菌製剤として包装され得、使用時まで製剤の無菌性を保つ気密密封容器が設計される。
全長HPTPβcDNA(配列番号1)を、製造者(Origene社)の指示に従いヒト胎盤ライブラリーからクローン化する。全ての可溶性のHPTPβの細胞外ドメイン(ECD)をコードするcDNAを、c末端にHis−His−His−His−His−His−Gly(6His−Gly)(配列番号3)を付加されたアミノ酸1〜1621をコードする全長cDNAからPCRによりクローン化する。得られたcDNAを、HEK293細胞における一過性(pShuttle−CMV)または安定した(pcDNA3.1(−))発現のため、哺乳動物発現ベクターにクローン化する。精製HPTPβECD(βED)を得るため、βECD発現ベクターで形質移入したHEK293細胞をOptiMEM無血清(Gibco社)中通常の成長条件下で24時間培養する。次いで培養上清を回収し、遠心分離してデブリを除去し、1mLの洗浄済みNi−NTAアガロース(Qiagen社)(500μLのパック入り)を各清澄培地10μLに加えて、4℃で一晩振とうする。翌日、混合物をカラムに充填し、20ベッド体積のpH8の50mMのNaH2PO4、300mMのNaCl、20mMのイミダゾールで洗浄する。次いで、精製したHPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質(配列番号4)をpH8の50mMのNaH2PO4、300mMのNaCl、250mMのイミダゾール中200μL/溶出で溶出する。画分のタンパク質含有量を還元−変性SDS−ポリアクリルイミドゲル電気泳動法を用い、銀染色(Invitrogen社)により検出し、質量分析により確認して分析する。
精製されたHPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質を、例えば実施例1に記載の手順により産生する。HPTPβ細胞外ドメイン免疫原を産生するため、精製されたHPTPβ細胞外ドメイン−6−Hisタンパク質をEDC結合化学を用いてブタのサイログロブリン(Sigma社)に結合させる(Hockfield, S. et al., (1993) Cold Spring Habor Laboratory Press. Vol. 1 pp. 111-201, Immunocytochemistry)。得られたHPTPβ細胞外ドメイン−サイログロブリン複合体をpH7.4のPBSに対し透析する。次に、成体Balb/cマウスを複合体(100〜200μg)と完全フロイントアジュバントの1:1の混合物で皮下免疫感作する。2〜3週後、マウスに不完全フロイントアジュバントと複合体の1:1の混合物を腹腔内または皮下注射する。注射を4〜6週に繰り返す。3回目の注射から7日後にマウスから血清を採取し、HPTPβ細胞外ドメイン抗原に対する免疫反応性をELISAおよびウエスタンブロット法でアッセイする。抗原に対し良好な応答を示すマウスは、31ゲージの超長針を用いて50μlの精製されたHPTPβ細胞外ドメインタンパク質を1:1で水酸化ミョウバンと混合した単回脾臓内注射でブーストする(Coding, J. W., (1996) Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practices. Third Edition, Academic Press Limited, p.145)。マウスは2.5%アベルチンで短時間麻酔し、皮膚と左斜体壁を1センチ切開する。抗原混合物を、針を脾臓の後方部分から前方部分に挿入し、長手方向に注入して投与する。体壁を縫合し、皮膚を2つの小型金属クリップで封着する。マウスの無事な回復をモニタリングする。術後4日目にマウスの脾臓を除去し、単一細胞の懸濁液を作製してマウス骨髄腫細胞と融合させハイブリドーマ細胞株を作製する(Spitz, M., (1986) Methods In Enzymology, Vol. 121. Eds. John J, Lagone and Helen Van Vunakis. pp. 33-41 (Academic Press, New York, NY))。得られたハイブリドーマを15%のウシ胎児血清(Hyclone社)とヒポキサンチン、アミノプテリンとチミジンを補充したダルベッコ変法培地(Gibco社)中で培養する。
モノクローナル抗体R15E6を本願の実施例2と米国特許第7,973,142号に記載されるように同定し特徴づけた;手順と結果を以下に要約する。
材料:Cambrex社のヒト臍帯静脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)、EGM培地、およびトリプシン中和液;OPTIMEMI(Gibco社)、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA;Santa Cruz社)、リン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS;Gibco社)、アンジオポエチン1(Ang1)、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)および線維芽細胞増殖因子(FGF)を含む増殖因子(R&D Systems社)、Tie2モノクローナル抗体(Duke大学/P&GP社)、VEGF受容体2(VEGFR2)ポリクローナル抗体(Whitaker et.al)、タンパク質A/Gアガロース(Santa Cruz社)、トリス−グリシンプレキャストゲル電気泳動/転写システム(6〜8%)(Invitrogen社)、PVDF膜(Invitrogen社)、溶解バッファー(20mmのトリス−HCl、137mmのNaCl、10%のグリセロール、1%のトリトン−X−100、2mMのEDTA、1mMのNaOH、1mMのNaF、1mMのPMSF、1μg/mlのロイペプチン、1μg/mlのペプスタチン)
材料:Cambrex社のHUVEC、EGM培地およびトリプシン中和液;Molecular Probes社の二次Alexfluor 488−タグ付き抗体;ハンクス平衡塩類溶液(Gibco社);FACSCANフローサイトメーターおよびBecton Dickenson社のCellQuestソフトウェア。
R15E6は、Tie2リガンドであるアンジオポエチン1(Ang1)の存在下および非存在下でTie2リン酸化を増大させる。
A.マウスVE−PTP細胞外ドメインタンパク質(VE−PTP−ECD)の産生
VE−PTP−ECDは任意適当な方法により産生され得る。そのような操作方法は、当技術分野では周知である。例えば、VE−PTP−ECDは、HPTPβ−ECDをコードするcDNAの代わりにVE−PTP−ECDcDNAが使用される、本開示の実施例1に類似の方法を用いて産生され得る。配列番号7は、VE−PTP−ECDをコードするヌクレオチド配列を提供する。配列番号8は、VE−PTP−ECDのアミノ酸配列を提供する。
抗VE−PTP抗体は、当技術分野では周知の方法により、容易に生成される。例えば、抗VE−PTP抗体は、VE−PTP−ECDをHPTPβ細胞外ドメインの代わりにし、得られたタンパク質でラットを免疫感作することにより、本開示の実施例2の方法を用いて生成され得る。この研究で使用されたラット抗マウスVE−PTP抗体は、D.Vestweber博士のご厚意により提供された(mAb 109)。抗体は、Baumer S. et al., Blood, 2006; 107: 4754-4762に記載のように生成した。簡単に説明すると、抗体は、ラットをVE−PTP−Fc融合タンパク質で免疫感作することで生成された。免疫感作、ハイブリドーマ融合、およびスクリーニングは、Gotsch U., et al., J Cell Sci. 1997, Vol. 110, pp. 583-588およびBosse R. and Vestweber D., Eur J Immunol. 1994, Vol. 24, pp. 3019-3024に記載のように実施した。
レーザー誘発脈絡膜血管新生モデル:脈絡膜血管新生モデルは、血管新生加齢黄斑変性モデルを代表すると考えられている。脈絡膜血管新生を前述のように生成した。Tobe T, et al., Am. J. Pathol. 1998, Vol. 153, pp. 1641-1646を参照されたい。成体C57BL/6マウスは、各眼のブルッフ膜の3か所にレーザー誘発性裂創を有し、1または2μgのVE−PTP−ECD抗体(IgG2a)の硝子体内注射1μLを片眼に受け、もう一方の眼にはビヒクル(5%のデキストロース)を受けた。これらの処置を7日目に反復した。レーザーの14日後、マウスをフルオレセイン標識デキストラン(平均分子量2×l06、Sigma社、ミズーリ州セントルイス)で潅流し、血管新生の程度を蛍光顕微鏡により脈絡膜フラットマウントにおいて評価した。各ブルッフ膜裂創部位における脈絡膜血管新生の面積を、治療群については観察者に隠して画像分析により測定した。脈絡膜血管新生の面積は、片眼の3つの裂創の平均である。図3に示すように、VE−PTP−ECD抗体での処置は、1および2μgの両用量で、ビヒクル対照での処置に対し、脈絡膜血管新生を有意に減少させた。
酸素誘発虚血性網膜症モデルは、増殖性糖尿病性網膜症モデルを代表すると考えられている。虚血性網膜症は、Smith, L.E.H., et al. Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the mouse. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35, 101-111 (1994)に記載された方法により、C57BL/6マウスにおいて作製された。
硝子体内投与の酸素誘発虚血性網膜症モデルを実施例7に記載のように実施したが(P5〜P12まで75%の酸素雰囲気中に閉じ込める)、VE−PTP−ECD抗体(1mg/kg)は、マウスが大気に戻されたP12と、P14とP16に再度(全部で3回投与)皮下投与した。血管新生は上述のようにP17日目に評価した。図6は、VE−PTP−ECD抗体の皮下投与により、網膜血管新生の面積が減少することを示す。
Claims (23)
- 眼疾患を治療または予防する方法であって、対象に有効量のΗΡΤΡβ−ECD結合剤またはその薬剤的に許容可能な塩を含む組成物を投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記組成物が薬剤的に許容可能な担体をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記眼疾患が、眼の血管新生、眼の浮腫、網膜浮腫、網膜血管新生、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性黄斑浮腫、加齢黄斑変性症、脈絡膜血管新生、網膜中心静脈閉塞症、網膜静脈分枝閉塞症、眼外傷、手術による浮腫、手術による血管新生、嚢胞様黄斑浮腫、眼虚血、非増殖性網膜症、網膜血管腫性増殖、黄斑毛細血管拡張症またはぶどう膜炎である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記眼疾患が網膜浮腫である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記眼疾患が網膜血管新生である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記眼疾患が糖尿病性網膜症である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記眼疾患が糖尿病性黄斑浮腫である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が、HPTPβの細胞外部分に結合する抗体、タンパク質、ペプチド、アプタマー、ペプチボディー、アドネクチンまたは核酸である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が、モノクローナル抗体若しくはその抗原結合断片またはポリクローナル抗体若しくはその抗原結合断片である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が、モノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合断片である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が、ハイブリドーマ細胞株ATCC番号PTA−7680により産生されたモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合断片である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が、ハイブリドーマ細胞株ATCC番号PTA−7680により産生された前記モノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合断片と同じまたは実質的に同じ生物学的特徴を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が抗体の抗原結合断片であり、前記抗原結合断片はF(ab’)2、Fab、Fabの二量体、Fv、Fvの二量体、またはscFvの二量体である、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が抗体の抗原結合断片であり、前記抗原結合断片はF(ab’)2、Fabの二量体、Fvの二量体、またはscFvの二量体である、請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が、タンパク質、ペプチド、アプタマー、ペプチボディー、核酸またはアドネクチンである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記対象に投与される前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤またはその薬剤的に許容可能な塩の用量が、前記対象の体重により約0.01mg/kg〜約500mg/kgである、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記対象に投与される前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤またはその薬剤的に許容可能な塩の用量が、前記対象の体重により約0.1mg/kg〜約10mg/kgである、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記用量が、1日1回、毎週3回、毎週2回、毎週1回、毎月3回、毎月2回、毎月1回、および隔月に1回で投与される、請求項16または請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤がビヒクルに結合されている、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ビヒクルがPEGである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が眼内注射により投与される、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が皮下注射により投与される、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記HPTPβ−ECD結合剤が静脈内注射により投与される、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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EP2766044A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 |
HK1201196A1 (en) | 2015-08-28 |
US20200010565A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
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JP2016210811A (ja) | 2016-12-15 |
AU2012323849A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
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ES2774972T3 (es) | 2020-07-23 |
EP3501536A1 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
US10329357B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 |
US20150232575A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
EP2766044B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
CN104066448A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
BR112014008759A8 (pt) | 2017-09-12 |
BR112014008759A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
HK1201438A1 (en) | 2015-09-04 |
EP2766044A4 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
US8999325B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
US20130095105A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
CN107080843A (zh) | 2017-08-22 |
JP2018131467A (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
WO2013056233A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
NZ623275A (en) | 2016-05-27 |
JP6259503B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
US20200231703A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
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A912 | Re-examination (zenchi) completed and case transferred to appeal board |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A912 Effective date: 20161021 |