JP2014231107A - Inner diameter processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

An inner diameter machining method capable of shortening the stroke of a tool post in the Z-axis direction without requiring a special tool and a tool holder is provided. By moving the tool post 1 in the X-axis direction and turning it around the B-axis, the machining point is moved along the Z-axis direction. The stroke of the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction can be shortened by the distance moved by the movement in the X-axis direction and the turning around the B-axis. Therefore, the stroke of the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction can be shortened without using a special tool, and the cost is not increased. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an inner diameter processing method for processing an inner diameter portion of a workpiece.

  Conventionally, as a general inner diameter processing method, for example, a processing method as shown in FIG. 5 is known. That is, the tool 33 is attached to the tip of the tool post 31 constituting the machine tool via the tool holder 32, while the workpiece W is parallel to the Z-axis direction in which the axial direction of the inner diameter portion 35 is the vertical direction in FIG. The chuck means 34 is held in such a posture as described above, and the inner diameter portion 35 is processed while feeding the tool post 31 to the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction. However, in this method, as the stroke of the tool post 31 in the Z-axis direction, the length of the workpiece W (particularly the inner diameter portion 35) in the Z-axis direction, the length of the tool 33 in the Z-axis direction, and the length of the tool holder 32 in the Z-axis direction. In addition, there is a problem that the machine tool is increased in size because it is necessary to secure a stroke L2 that is obtained by adding all the margins.

  Therefore, the present applicant has devised the inner diameter machining method described in Patent Document 1 for the purpose of shortening the stroke of the tool post. And in the internal diameter processing method of patent document 1, while using the special tool and tool holder which a blade part protrudes in the inclination direction inclined by the predetermined angle from the axis line of a tool holder, the attitude | position of a tool post is made into the blade part. The tilting posture is such that the axis is parallel to a desired direction, and the tool post is sent in the Z-axis direction while maintaining the tilting posture, thereby shortening the stroke of the tool post.

JP 2011-79069 A

  However, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, since it is necessary to use the special tool and tool holder as described above, there is a problem that preparation of such a special tool and tool holder is expensive.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an inner diameter machining method capable of shortening the stroke of the tool post in the Z-axis direction without requiring a special tool and tool holder is provided. It is what.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 of the present invention is movable in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and includes the X-axis and the Z-axis. A tool is mounted on a tool post that can be rotated about the B axis orthogonal to the XZ plane, and the tool post is operated to be positioned closer to the tool mounting side in the Z-axis direction than the tool post. An inner diameter machining method for machining an inner diameter portion of a workpiece, wherein the tool rest of the tool is inclined with respect to the Z axis by a predetermined angle by turning the tool post about the B axis. At the same time, the tool is moved to the side away from the workpiece in the X-axis direction, whereby the tool is positioned at a reference point set between the workpiece and the tool rest in the Z-axis direction. 1 step and the tool post The inner diameter portion of the workpiece is machined by the tool while moving to the side closer to the workpiece in the axial direction and turning to the side where the inclination angle of the tool axis with respect to the Z axis becomes smaller around the B axis. Two steps are performed.
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the tool post is movable in the Z-axis direction, and the tool post is moved in the first step and / or the second step. It is also moved in the Z-axis direction.

  According to the present invention, the turret is swung around the B-axis so that the tool axis of the tool is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the Z-axis, and the turret is moved away from the workpiece in the X-axis direction. As a result, after the tool is positioned at a predetermined reference point, the tool post is moved to the side closer to the workpiece in the X-axis direction, and the inclination angle of the tool axis with respect to the Z-axis around the B-axis is reduced. While turning to the side, the inner diameter part of the workpiece is machined with a tool. Therefore, compared with the conventional inner diameter processing method, the stroke of the tool post in the Z-axis direction can be shortened by the distance moved by the movement in the X-axis direction and the turning around the B-axis. Therefore, the stroke of the tool post in the Z-axis direction can be shortened without using a special tool, and the cost is not increased. Further, the inner diameter machining of the workpiece can be performed even with a small vertical lathe having a short stroke in the Z-axis direction of the tool post.

It is explanatory drawing which showed the movement locus | trajectory of the tool post at the time of internal diameter processing. It is explanatory drawing which showed cycle processing. It is explanatory drawing of the machine tool which has an interference check function with a workpiece | work or a machine tool main body, and a tool. It is the flowchart figure which showed the control which concerns on an interference check. It is explanatory drawing which showed the conventional internal diameter process.

  Hereinafter, an inner diameter processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a movement locus of the tool post 1 during the inner diameter machining.
First, the machine tool for executing the inner diameter machining method according to the present invention will be briefly described. The machine tool is configured in substantially the same manner as a conventionally known vertical lathe, and the tool 3 is inserted via the tool holder 2. Is provided with a turret 1 capable of mounting a workpiece, chuck means 4 for gripping the workpiece W, an NC device (not shown) for controlling the movement of the turret 1, and the like. And in the vertical lathe of this embodiment, the tool post 1 is slidable in the Z-axis direction which is the vertical direction in FIG. 1 and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and the X-axis and It can turn around the B axis perpendicular to the XZ plane including the Z axis. The chuck means 4 holds the workpiece W in such a posture that the axis of the inner diameter portion 5 of the workpiece W is parallel to the Z axis. Further, as the tool 3, a general tool whose tool axis is parallel to the axial direction of the tool holder 2 when mounted on the tool post 1 is used.

Here, an inner diameter machining method using the vertical lathe will be described.
When machining the inner diameter portion 5 of the work W, the tool post 1 is positioned at the Z-axis plus end (the position farthest from the work W in the Z-axis direction), and then the tool post 1 is moved away from the work W in the X-axis direction. And the tool 3 is swung around the B-axis so that the tool axis is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the Z-axis, and the tip of the tool 3 is positioned above the workpiece W (the turret 1 and the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction). The position is located at a predetermined reference point P1 set at a position between. Then, the tool post 1 is moved closer to the workpiece W in the X-axis direction so that the machining point moves along the Z-axis direction, and the inclination angle of the tool axis with respect to the Z-axis is small around the B-axis. The inner diameter part 5 of the workpiece W is processed. That is, the tool post 1 moves along the X-axis direction while changing the inclination postures Q2 and Q3 and the inclination angle of the tool axis with respect to the Z-axis. When the posture of the tool post 1 is parallel to the Z-axis (the tool axis is parallel to the Z-axis) Q4, the tool post 1 stops moving in the X-axis direction and turning around the B-axis. Moves the tool post 1 toward the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction and continues the machining, and the machining ends when the cutting edge of the tool 3 reaches the machining end of the inner diameter portion 5.

According to the inner diameter machining method as described above, since the machining point is moved along the Z-axis direction by moving the tool rest 1 in the X-axis direction and turning around the B-axis, the tool rest 1 moves in the Z-axis direction. The stroke is the stroke L1 in FIG. That is, as compared with the conventional inner diameter machining method shown in FIG. 5, the stroke of the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction can be shortened by the distance moved by movement in the X-axis direction and turning around the B-axis. . Therefore, the stroke of the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction can be shortened without using a special tool, and the cost is not increased. Further, the inner diameter of the workpiece W can be processed even with a small vertical lathe having a short stroke in the Z-axis direction of the tool post 1.
In addition, since the tool post 1 is positioned at the Z axis plus end at the beginning of machining, the tip of the tool 3 is positioned at the reference point P1 as compared with the case where the tool post 1 is not located at the Z axis plus end. The angle of inclination of the tool post 1 with respect to the Z-axis is reduced. Accordingly, the tool 3 and the workpiece W are unlikely to interfere with each other, and the moment of the machining load applied to the tool 3 can be reduced when the tool post 1 is machined while turning around the B axis.

  The inner diameter machining method according to the present invention is not limited to the aspect of the embodiment described above, and the overall configuration of the machine tool as well as the configuration related to the movement control of the tool rest, etc. As long as it does not deviate from the above, it can be changed as necessary.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, one-pass machining is used, but it is naturally possible to apply to cycle machining that requires a plurality of passes such as rough machining. The cycle machining will be described with reference to FIG. 2. In the NC apparatus, a final inner diameter machining shape (points a, b, and c in FIG. 2), a cycle reference point P2, which is a reference point for machining start, The cutting amount t, the finishing allowance, the feed amount in the Z-axis direction are specified, and the tilt angle of the tool post 1 or the position of the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction when the tool tip of the tool 3 is at the cycle reference point P2 ( That is, an inclination posture or a Z-axis position at the start of machining is set. Then, during each pass after cutting, the same control as in the above embodiment is executed, and each time each pass is completed, the tool post 1 is returned to the tilted posture at the start of machining or the Z-axis position, and the X-axis With respect to the position in the direction, the control of further sliding and cutting from the tilt posture cycle reference point P2 by one cut amount is repeated. In this way, in the case of cycle machining requiring multiple passes, in addition to the inner diameter machining shape, cycle reference point P2, one-time cutting amount t, finishing allowance, feed amount specified in the conventional cycle machining, the cutter at the cycle reference point P2 is used. It can be executed simply by designating the tilt angle of the table 1 or the position of the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction, and can be executed with a simple command.

  Moreover, it is also possible to execute in a machine tool having a function of checking interference between the workpiece W or the machine tool main body and a tool (not shown in FIG. 3) as shown in FIG. Briefly describing the machine tool, the NC unit 10 has an input unit 11 for inputting a machining program, a command value, etc., a storage unit 12 for storing the inputted machining program, and the B axis of the tool post 1. In addition to the tool post turning control unit 13 for controlling the turning operation around the tool post, the tool post feed axis control unit 14 for controlling the slide of the tool post 1 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the work W, the machine tool main body and the tool Is provided with a determination unit 15 for checking for interference. Reference numeral 16 denotes a drive unit for sliding the tool post 1 in the X-axis direction, and reference numeral 17 denotes a drive unit for sliding the tool post 1 in the Z-axis direction.

  In the machine tool, the inner diameter machining of the above embodiment is performed while checking the interference between the workpiece W or the machine tool body and the tool by the control as shown in FIG. The inner diameter machining, particularly the interference check, will be described. First, a 3D model such as a tool or a workpiece W is created by the input unit 11, and the 3D model and machining program are stored in the storage unit 12 (note that the machine tool body) The 3D model is stored in the storage unit 12 in advance). Then, when the stored machining program is executed (S1), the determination unit 15 moves the 3D model prior to the actual operation of the tool post 1 (including the operation of the tool spindle and the tool itself) to move the 3D models to each other. Are determined, i.e., whether the actual workpiece W and the tool do not interfere with each other (S2). If it is determined that the 3D models do not overlap (determined NO in S2), the processing program is followed. The tool post 1 is moved (S7). Then, the movement of the tool post 1 in S7 is the movement according to the inner diameter processing of the above embodiment. On the other hand, if it is determined that the 3D models overlap (YES in S2), the determination unit 15 uses the 3D model again, and the side opposite to the side that interferes with the tool axis centering on the cutting edge (machining point) of the tool. The tool post 1 is turned by a predetermined angle (S3). This turning is performed by moving the tool post 1 in the X-axis direction, moving in the Z-axis direction, and turning around the B-axis. Then, the determination unit 15 determines again whether or not the tool post 1 or the tool (excluding the cutting edge) overlaps with the workpiece W or other machine parts of the machine tool as a result of the turning (S4). When the determination is made (NO is determined in S4), the tool post 1 is actually turned as it is turned in the 3D model (S5), and then the tool post 1 is moved along the machining program (S7). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the processing is completed (S8), and the steps after S2 are repeated until the processing is completed. On the other hand, if it is determined that they overlap as a result of turning (YES in S4), the machining is stopped (S6) and an alarm is generated to notify the operator. By executing the inner diameter machining method in a machine tool having a function for checking the interference between the workpiece W and the machine tool body and the tool, the tool post 1 can be quickly turned without wasteful turning. Smooth machining can be realized. In the case of only turning, a 2D model can be adopted instead of the 3D model. Also, it is possible to deal with a case where a movement command is directly input via the input unit 11 instead of the machining program.

On the other hand, in the above embodiment, the Z-axis position of the tool rest 1 when the tool rest 1 is slid in the X-axis direction is the Z-axis plus end, but is positioned closer to the workpiece W than the Z-axis plus end. But there is no problem.
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the turret 1 is configured not to move in the Z-axis direction while the turret 1 is slid in the X-axis direction. For example, in a machine tool having a tailstock, it is only necessary to avoid interference between the tool post and the tailstock by moving in the Z-axis direction.

Furthermore, if the cutting edge of the tool 3 reaches the machining end only by moving the tool post 1 in the X-axis direction and turning around the B-axis, the tool post 1 does not move in the Z-axis direction. There is no problem.
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, while the tool post 1 is moved in the X-axis direction, the cutting edge is not moved in the X-axis direction, but control is performed so that the cutting edge is moved in the X-axis direction. Of course, this is possible, and even if the processed surface is a tapered surface, a curved surface, or the like, it can be dealt with by executing such control.

In addition to the boring bar, it is naturally possible to employ other tools such as a milling tool as the tool 3, and when using a milling tool, the tool axis is still inclined with respect to the Z axis. It is also possible to perform the processing up to the end of processing while maintaining the inclined posture.
In addition, the inner diameter machining method according to the present invention is a machine tool having a tool post that can move in the X-axis and Z-axis directions orthogonal to each other and can turn around the B-axis orthogonal to the X-Z plane. Of course, the vertical lathe of the above embodiment can be suitably executed with other machine tools such as a horizontal lathe and a machining center, and the tool post can be moved to the Y axis orthogonal to the X axis and the Z axis. There is no problem.

  1 .... Tool rest, 2 .... Tool holder, 3 .... Tool, 4 .... Chuck means, 5 .... Inner diameter part, W..Workpiece.

Claims (2)

A tool is mounted on a tool post that is movable in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and that can turn around the B-axis orthogonal to the X-Z plane including the X-axis and Z-axis. The inner diameter machining method for machining the inner diameter portion of the workpiece located on the tool mounting side in the Z-axis direction from the tool rest by operating the tool rest,
The tool post is swiveled around the B-axis so that the tool axis of the tool is inclined with respect to the Z-axis by a predetermined angle, and the tool post is moved away from the workpiece in the X-axis direction. A first step of moving the tool at a reference point set between the workpiece and the tool rest in the Z-axis direction by moving the first tool;
While moving the tool post to the side closer to the workpiece in the X-axis direction, and turning the tool axis to the side where the inclination angle of the tool axis with respect to the Z-axis becomes smaller, And a second step of processing the inner diameter portion. The tool post is movable in the Z-axis direction,
2. The inner diameter machining method according to claim 1, wherein, in the first step and / or the second step, the tool rest is also moved in the Z-axis direction.

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