JP2014226736A - Machining center and processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machining center which can efficiently perform processing of a work even for a complicated shape and has such versatility that the correspondence is possible even when various shapes of works are processed.SOLUTION: A work support part 2 has a work chuck part 6 which retains a work 7, two sets of processing heads 9a, 9b are arranged symmetrically with respect to the work chuck part on a processing head support part 3 respectively via angle setting mechanism parts 10a, 10b, and the angle setting mechanism parts has a horizontal rotation base which is disposed rotatably around a horizontal rotation shaft in a horizontal direction on the processing head support part, and can be fastened in a required horizontal angle, and a tilting block 16 which is disposed tiltably in an elevation direction via a horizontal tilting shaft 18 on the horizontal rotation base and can be fastened to a required elevation angle. The processing head is attached to the tilting block, supports a main shaft 33 which is rotated and driven movably forward and backward in the axial center and, further, supports the main shaft movably in two directions orthogonal with respect to the axial center of the main shaft.

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining center and a machining method that have two main shafts and simultaneously machine a workpiece from two directions.

  Some machining centers that efficiently process a workpiece (workpiece) have a plurality of spindles.

  For example, the machine tool shown in Patent Document 1 has one main shaft provided in the vertical direction and two main shafts provided so as to face each other in the horizontal direction, and the workpiece is composed of the upper surface and the left and right side surfaces. Processing.

  In the machine tool, since the main axes intersect at 90 ° and 180 °, the machining surface is limited to a right angle or parallel, and the shape of the workpiece is limited.

  In addition, since different machining is performed between the main shafts, there is a disadvantage in that if the machining amount on one surface is different from the machining amount on the other surface, the smaller machining amount is idle.

JP-A-4-2434

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a machining center having versatility such that a workpiece can be efficiently processed even for a complicated shape and can be handled even when a workpiece having various shapes is processed. To do.

  In the present invention, the base frame has a workpiece support portion and a machining head support portion, and the workpiece support portion has a workpiece chuck portion for holding a workpiece, and two sets of machining heads are angled to the machining head support portion, respectively. It is arranged symmetrically with respect to the work chuck part via a setting mechanism part, and the angle setting mechanism part is provided on the machining head support part so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction around the horizontal rotation axis, and can be fixed at a required horizontal angle. A horizontal rotation base, and a tilting block which is provided on the horizontal rotation base so as to be tiltable in a vertical direction via a horizontal tilting shaft and can be fixed at a required elevation angle, and the machining head is attached to the tilting block. The processing head is mounted, and a processing tool is mounted, and the main shaft driven to rotate is supported so as to advance and retreat in the axial direction, and the main shaft moves in two directions perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft. Those of the machining center to support the ability.

  The present invention also relates to a machining method using the machining center, wherein the workpiece is machined symmetrically in a state where the spindle is inclined in at least one of a horizontal direction and a height direction.

  According to the present invention, the base frame has a workpiece support portion and a machining head support portion, the workpiece support portion has a workpiece chuck portion for holding a workpiece, and two sets of machining heads are provided on the machining head support portion. The angle setting mechanism is disposed symmetrically with respect to the work chuck portion via the angle setting mechanism, and the angle setting mechanism is provided in the processing head support so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction around the horizontal rotation axis, and at a required horizontal angle. A horizontal rotation base that can be fixed; and a tilting block that is provided on the horizontal rotation base so as to be tiltable in a vertical direction via a horizontal tilting shaft, and can be fixed at a required height angle. The processing head is attached to a block, and the processing head is attached to a processing tool and supports a rotationally driven main shaft so that the main shaft can advance and retreat in the axial direction, and the main shaft is perpendicular to the axial center of the main shaft. Since for movably supporting the main shaft can machining of the workpiece in a state of being inclined, it enables machining of complex shapes, and so processed symmetrically biaxially, the processing time is shortened.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a machining method using the machining center, wherein the workpiece is machined symmetrically in a state where the spindle is inclined in at least one of a horizontal direction and a height direction. In addition, since processing is performed symmetrically from two directions, an excellent effect of shortening the processing time is exhibited.

1 is a perspective view of a machining center according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the machining center. It is the same top view. It is the same front side view. It is explanatory drawing which shows the setting of the elevation angle of a main axis | shaft, (A) is the perspective view which looked at the processing head from the workpiece | work side, (B) is the figure which looked at the processing head from the front. It is explanatory drawing which shows the setting of the horizontal angle of a main axis | shaft, (A) is the perspective view which looked at the process head from back, (B) is the figure which looked at the process head from upper direction.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 5 show a machining center according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 denotes a base frame. The base frame 1 has a work support part 2 and a machining head support part 3. The work support part 2 has a saucer part 4 recessed on the upper surface, and a work support 5 is provided at the center of the saucer part 4. A work chuck portion 6 is rotatably provided on the work support base 5.

  A lower part of the tray 4 is a drive unit storage space, and a rotating shaft (not shown) of the work chuck unit 6 extends into the drive unit storage space. A work rotation motor (not shown) for rotating the work chuck portion 6 is provided in the drive unit storage space, and the rotation shaft is connected to an output shaft of the work rotation motor.

  A work 7 such as an impeller is fixedly held on the work chuck portion 6.

  The upper surface of the processing head support portion 3 is a processing head mounting surface 8, and the processing head mounting surface 8 is parallel to the upper surface of the work chuck portion 6, that is, perpendicular to the rotation axis of the work chuck portion 6. It has become.

  The machining head mounting surface 8 is provided with two machining heads 9a and 9b symmetrically, and the machining heads 9a and 9b have the same structure.

  The machining heads 9a and 9b are arranged symmetrically and opposite to each other, and are attached to the machining head support 3 via angle setting mechanisms 10a and 10b, respectively.

  Hereinafter, a set of machining heads attached via a set of angle setting mechanisms will be described. When the left and right machining heads 9a and 9b are not distinguished, they are simply referred to as machining heads 9. Similarly, when the left and right angle setting mechanisms 10a and 10b are not distinguished, they are simply referred to as the angle setting mechanism 10.

  First, the angle setting mechanism unit 10 will be described.

  A horizontal rotating base 11 is installed on the processing head mounting surface 8, and a front end portion of the horizontal rotating base 11 is pivotally attached to the processing head mounting surface 8 via a horizontal rotating shaft 12 having a vertical axis. . The horizontal rotation base 11 is fixed to the machining head mounting surface 8 by bolts 13 at a plurality of locations.

  In addition, the horizontal rotation base 11 can rotate in the horizontal direction around the horizontal rotation shaft 12 with the bolt 13 loosened, and the hole 14 through which the bolt 13 is inserted has a long length in the rotation direction. The horizontal rotation base 11 is rotatable within a margin of the bolt 13 and the hole 14. Note that the tilting shaft 18 (described later) is configured to be parallel in a state where the opposing horizontal rotation bases 11 are in contact with each other. Further, the horizontal rotation base 11 may be mounted on the machining head mounting surface 8 by an individual horizontal rotation shaft 12.

  The horizontal rotation base 11 has a plurality of (three in the figure) horizontal shaft support portions 15 protruding upward in a comb-like shape at predetermined intervals.

  The tilting block 16 connected to the horizontal shaft support portion 15 has a supported portion 17 that fits into a recess between the horizontal shaft support portions 15 and 15. The supported portion 17 is formed in a comb-like shape, and is configured to be alternately fitted with the horizontal axis support portion 15. A tilting shaft 18 passes through the horizontal axis support portion 15 and the supported portion 17 in the horizontal direction, and the tilting block 16 is connected to the horizontal rotation base 11 by the tilting shaft 18 and is centered on the tilting shaft 18. It can be tilted.

  L-shaped fixing members 19, 19 are disposed so as to contact the front end surface and the rear end surface of the tilting block 16, and the L-shaped fixing member 19 is fixed to the horizontal rotation base 11. The vertical portions 19 a of the fixing members 19, 19 are in contact with the front end surface and the rear end surface of the tilt block 16, and the vertical portions 19 a are fixed to the tilt block 16 by bolts 21. Further, the hole 22 through which the bolt 21 is inserted through the vertical portion 19a is an arc-shaped long hole centered on the tilting shaft 18, and the tilting block 16 is in the state in which the bolt 21 is loosened. Tilt can be made by the margin between the hole 22 and the bolt 21.

  By fixing the tilting block 16 with the bolt 21, the tilting block 16 can be fixed at a predetermined angle. The tilting block 16, the horizontal rotation base 11, and the mounting mechanism thereof constitute the angle setting mechanism unit 10.

  Next, the processing head 9 will be described.

The machining head 9 is attached to the tilting block 16 of the angle setting mechanism unit 10.
Therefore, the angle setting mechanism unit 10 can adjust the angle in two directions, a horizontal angle and an elevation angle.

  A surface (outer end surface) located on the opposite side of the tilted block 16 from the supported portion 17 is a slide surface, and the slide surface has a vertical direction, that is, with respect to the axis of the tilt shaft 18. A Z-axis guide 24 extending in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction (Z-axis direction) is provided.

  A Z-axis slide base 25 is slidably provided on the Z-axis guide 24, and the Z-axis slide base 25 can be moved in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) by a Z-axis slide drive means (not shown) such as a motor. It has become.

  A Y-axis guide 26 is provided on the upper surface of the Z-axis slide base 25 and extends in the front-rear direction, that is, in the horizontal direction (Y-axis direction) perpendicular to the Z-axis guide 24, parallel to the axis of the tilt shaft 18. A Y-axis slider 27 is provided on the upper surface of the Z-axis slide base 25, and the Y-axis slider 27 is slidably fitted to the Y-axis guide 26. The Y-axis slider 27 is provided with a horizontal drive motor 28 as drive means. The horizontal drive motor 28 moves the Y-axis slider 27 along the Y-axis guide 26 in parallel with the axis of the tilt shaft 18. It is possible.

  The front end surface of the Y-axis slider 27 is provided with an X-axis guide 29 extending in the left-right direction, that is, extending in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis guide 24 and the Y-axis guide 26 (X-axis direction), An X-axis slider 31 is slidably fitted to the X-axis guide 29. The Y-axis slider 27 is provided with an X-axis drive motor 32 as drive means. The X-axis drive motor 32 causes the X-axis slider 31 to approach the work chuck portion 6 along the X-axis guide 29. Separation is possible.

  A main shaft 33 extending in parallel with the X-axis guide 29 is supported on the X-axis slider 31 so as to be rotatable about an axis (X-axis). A tool 34 such as an end mill is attached to and detached from the tip of the main shaft 33. It is possible.

  The X-axis slider 31 is provided with a spindle motor 35 as spindle driving means, and the spindle 33 is rotated by the spindle motor 35.

  A balance cylinder 36 is provided between the workpiece 7 and the tilting block 16, and the balance cylinder 36 urges the machining head 9 with a pushing force that balances the weight of the machining head 9.

  The case where the workpiece 7 is set in the machining center described above and the initial posture of the tool 34 is set will be described. The workpiece 7 to be machined is preferably symmetrical. Further, when machining a symmetrical workpiece 7, the same settings are made for the left and right machining heads 9a, 9b.

  First, a work 7 is set on the work chuck portion 6, and a tool 34 is mounted on the spindle 33.

  The setting of the inclination of the main shaft 33 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B).

  The bolt 21 is loosened to set a vertical tilt angle (hereinafter referred to as an elevation angle) of the tilt block 16. The elevation angle can be set in the range of 0 ° to about 30 °.

  When the bolt 21 is loosened, the weight of the machining head 9 acts on the balance cylinder 36. Since the balance cylinder 36 applies a push-up amount equivalent to the weight of the machining head 9, the machining head 9 can be tilted with a slight force.

  The bolt 21 is tightened at a position where the main shaft 33 is at a predetermined angle (high and low angle), and the tilting block 16 is fixed.

  The angle may be set by, for example, setting an angle gauge between the tilting block 16 and the horizontal rotation base 11 or by rotating the tilting shaft 18 integrally with the tilting block 16. In addition, an index line may be imprinted on the tilt shaft 18, an angle scale may be imprinted on the horizontal axis support portion 15, and the rotation angle of the tilt shaft 18 may be detected from the relationship between the index line and the scale.

  Next, the setting of the horizontal angle (hereinafter referred to as the horizontal angle) of the main shaft 33 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B).

  The bolt 13 fixing the horizontal rotation base 11 is loosened. The horizontal rotation base 11 is rotated by a predetermined angle about the horizontal rotation shaft 12. The angle of the horizontal rotation base 11 is set, for example, by marking an index line at a required position of the horizontal rotation base 11, marking an angle scale on the processing head mounting surface 8, and from the relationship between the index line and the angle scale. The amount of rotation of the horizontal rotation base 11 is set. If the angle to be set is known in advance, an angle setting jig may be used.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the inclination of the main shaft 33 can be set two-dimensionally in accordance with the shape of the workpiece. In addition, you may make it incline only to at least one of a horizontal direction and a height direction corresponding to the shape of a to-be-cut object.

  When the inclination of the spindle 33 with respect to the workpiece 7 is set, the spindle motor 35 is driven and the tool 34 is rotated.

  Thereafter, the X-axis drive motor 32 is driven to bring the X-axis slider 31 closer to the work 7 (displacement in the X-axis direction), the Y-axis slider 27 is displaced in the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis slide base 25 is moved. The tip of the tool 34 can be moved three-dimensionally by the cooperation of the displacement, and further, the work 7 can be cut into a desired shape by cooperating the rotation of the work 7.

  The workpiece 7 has a symmetrical shape, and the machining head 9a and the machining head 9b are symmetrically installed with the same structure, so that the machining head 9a and the machining head 9b move symmetrically. By controlling so, the machining time of the workpiece 7 can be reduced to half.

  As a workpiece which is a workpiece, there is a workpiece having a continuous shape on the circumference with the workpiece rotation center as a central axis, such as an impeller and a screw. In the processing of an impeller and a screw, two blades at symmetrical positions can be simultaneously processed by simultaneously moving the two main shafts 33 and rotating the workpiece. Accordingly, the machining time is significantly shortened compared to the case of machining with a single-axis machining center.

  Of course, when machining an asymmetrical workpiece, the angles of the main axes of the machining head 9a and the machining head 9b are individually set, and the workpiece is controlled by individually controlling the machining head 9a and the machining head 9b. It may be processed. Also in this case, the machining head 9a and the machining head 9b can individually set the angle of the main shaft in accordance with the shape of the workpiece, so that it is possible to cope with a complicated shape, and furthermore, the two main shafts can be processed simultaneously. Therefore, the processing time is greatly shortened.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base frame 2 Work support part 3 Process head support part 6 Work chuck part 7 Work 9 Process head 10 Angle setting mechanism part 11 Horizontal rotation base 12 Horizontal rotation axis 15 Horizontal axis support part 16 Tilt block 17 Supported part 18 Tilt axis 19 Fixed member 25 Z-axis slide base 27 Y-axis slider 31 X-axis slider 33 Spindle 34 Tool 36 Balance cylinder

Claims (2)

  The base frame has a workpiece support portion and a machining head support portion, the workpiece support portion has a workpiece chuck portion for holding the workpiece, and two sets of machining heads each have an angle setting mechanism portion on the machining head support portion. The angle setting mechanism section is provided on the machining head support section so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction about the horizontal rotation axis, and can be fixed at a required horizontal angle. And a tilting block that can be tilted in a vertical direction via a horizontal tilting shaft on the horizontal rotation base, and can be fixed at a required elevation angle, and the processing head is attached to the tilting block, and The processing head is mounted with a processing tool, and supports a main shaft that is rotationally driven so that the main shaft can advance and retreat in the axial direction, and supports the main shaft so that it can move in two directions perpendicular to the axis of the main axis. Machining centers characterized by Rukoto.   2. A machining method using the machining center according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is machined symmetrically in a state in which the spindle is inclined in at least one of a horizontal direction and a height direction.

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