JP2014112957A - Three-dimensional data management system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technique with which a shape of a building is measured, three-dimensional data thereof is stored in a verifiable state, and inner structure can be verified with the three-dimensional model even after completion of the building.SOLUTION: When a building is constructed by multiple processes, the building at respective processes is optically scanned with laser beams, three-dimensional data is obtained based on reflected light from the building, data for verification of the three-dimensional data is associated with the three-dimensional data, and the three-dimensional data of the respective processes is stored. Then, the three-dimensional data of at least two processes of the respective processes is output in the coordinate system having the same original point to determine validity of the respective three-dimensional data based on the data for verification.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for measuring a building and acquiring its three-dimensional data.

  When planning, designing, and constructing a building, it is necessary to satisfy various laws and enforcement standards in addition to the Building Standards Act to ensure safety and comfort.

In particular, in Japan, where there are many earthquakes, it is desired to ensure sufficient earthquake resistance.
For this reason, buildings used by many people, such as public facilities, large apartments, and hotels, are designed with earthquake resistance and seismic isolation structures in mind.

JP 2009-46946 A JP 2007-277813 A

  However, no matter how high the earthquake resistance structure is adopted, the design of the building is meaningless unless it is built as designed.

  However, internal structures such as foundations that greatly contribute to earthquake resistance and the number of reinforcing bars embedded in columns or beams can only be seen during construction, and the internal structure is as designed after completion of the building. It was difficult to verify whether or not.

  For this reason, it was common to leave photographs of each process during construction as evidence. However, in the case of a large and complex structure such as a building, the elements that need to be verified, such as columns and beams, are partially photographed and a recorded photograph is left. Then, when verifying at a later date, these photographs and the design drawing are collated, but it cannot be proved whether or not these photographs are actually taken of the corresponding part of the design drawing.

  For example, when it is discovered during construction that some of the pillars are defective during construction, it is possible to hide the defect by taking a picture of another normal pillar instead of this pillar.

  In addition, when reinforcing the pile by placing a pile on the ground, if the position of the rising part of the foundation such as a column is different from the position of the pile, the load of the building will not be transmitted to the pile, and the effect of the pile will be reduced. It is possible to end up.

  However, in the stage where the rising part of the column is constructed, the piles in the ground are often not visible, and the positional relationship between the columns and the piles cannot be recorded in the photograph, and there is no way to verify this positional relationship after completion. There wasn't.

  For this reason, for example, a purchaser of a condominium can not verify whether or not it is correctly built, and has to trust a sales company or a construction company.

  Also, for sales companies and construction companies, there was no way to prove that they were built according to the design drawings, and it was not possible to actively assert differentiation from unscrupulous contractors.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for measuring the shape of a building and recording the three-dimensional data in a verifiable state.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means or processing.

That is, the three-dimensional data management method according to the present invention is:
A method for acquiring and managing three-dimensional data of a building,
When building a building by a plurality of processes, optically scanning the building of each process with a laser beam, obtaining three-dimensional data based on reflected light from the building;
Adding the summary information of the three-dimensional data to the three-dimensional data as verification data;
Storing three-dimensional data of each step;
Is executed by the computer.

  In addition, this invention can also be grasped | ascertained as a program for making a computer perform each step of the said specification requirement verification method. The present invention can also be understood as a recording medium (storage medium) in which the program is recorded so as to be readable by a computer.

  Here, the computer-readable recording medium refers to a recording medium that accumulates information such as data and programs by electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, or chemical action and can be read from the computer. . Examples of such recording media that can be removed from the computer include a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a CD-R / W, a DVD, a DAT, an 8 mm tape, and a memory card.

  Further, there are a hard disk, a ROM (read only memory), and the like as a recording medium fixed to the computer.

  Each of the above means and steps can be combined with each other as much as possible to constitute the present invention.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technique for measuring the shape of a building and recording the three-dimensional data in a verifiable state.

Schematic configuration diagram of 3D data management system External view of 3D laser scanner Schematic configuration diagram of 3D laser scanner Illustration of 3D laser scanner Schematic configuration diagram of 3D laser scanner Schematic configuration diagram of data management device Schematic configuration diagram of output device Illustration of 3D data management method (data acquisition) Diagram showing an example of the first step Diagram showing an example of the second step Diagram showing an example of the third step The figure which shows the example of Nth process Illustration of 3D data management method (output method) Diagram showing a display example of the basic part The figure which shows the state of the pillar of the 3rd process The figure which shows the modification of the method of acquiring three-dimensional data

<Embodiment 1>
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional data management system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional data management system 10 includes a three-dimensional laser scanner 30 that measures the shape of the building O, a data management device 40 that records the measured three-dimensional data in a verifiable state, An output device 50 is provided for displaying a three-dimensional model of the building based on the three-dimensional data and outputting a verification result.

  The three-dimensional laser scanner 30 irradiates the building O, which is a measurement object, with laser light, calculates the distance from the time until the laser light is reflected by the building O and returns, and calculates the distance and The three-dimensional coordinates (x coordinate, y coordinate, z coordinate) of the reflection point of the connection portion 11 are calculated from the angle of the irradiated laser beam.

  The three-dimensional laser scanner 30 captures a color image in the laser light irradiation range and obtains the color (R value, G value, B value) and luminance of the pixel corresponding to the reflection point. The three-dimensional laser scanner 30 can radiate laser light radially at a predetermined angle pitch with respect to a range of 360 degrees in the horizontal direction and 320 degrees in the vertical direction, for example.

  The irradiation range of the laser light is appropriately set according to the shape of the measurement object. In the case of the present embodiment, the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 includes pile driving (first process), foundation reinforcement (second process), foundation concrete placing (third process), ground placing (fourth process). In each step such as to), the laser beam is irradiated to a range where the constructed structure is faced from a predetermined measurement point.

  The irradiation pitch of the laser light is appropriately determined depending on the required resolution of the three-dimensional data. The irradiation pitch is determined by the irradiation angle pitch of the laser light, and is set, for example, at a distance of 2 mm 10 meters ahead. When the irradiation angle pitch is reduced, a lot of laser light is emitted, the point-to-point distance between the reflection points is reduced, and the resolution is increased.

  FIG. 2 is an external view of the three-dimensional laser scanner 30. The three-dimensional laser scanner 30 includes a body 32 supported by a tripod 31 and an optical unit 33 provided to be rotatable with respect to the body 32. A slit 34 for irradiating a measurement target with a laser is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the optical unit 33, and a display 35 for displaying the status of the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 on the exterior surface of the body 32, an operation panel 36, An interface 37 for connecting to the data management device 40 is provided.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the three-dimensional laser scanner 30. In the optical unit 33 of the three-dimensional laser scanner 30, a laser light source 331 that emits measurement laser light, a collimator lens 332 that collimates the laser light emitted from the laser light source 331, and a laser via the collimator lens 332. A deflector (polygon mirror) 333 for deflecting the light beam, an encoder 337 for detecting the deflection direction, a bending mirror 334 for bending the optical path of the laser beam deflected by the deflector 333 to the measurement target side, a light guide mirror 335, and a photoelectric conversion element 336. Have.

The body 32 of the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 includes a display 35, an operation unit 36, an interface 37, a drive unit 321 that rotates the optical unit 33, and an encoder that detects the position of the rotated optical unit 33. 322, processing unit 3 for calculating three-dimensional data
23.

  Laser light from the laser light source 331 is continuously deflected as the polygon mirror 333 rotates about the axis 338 in the Z direction. That is, the laser beam irradiated onto the measurement object via the slit 34 optically scans the measurement object in the Y direction (vertical direction in the figure). The laser beam reflected by the measurement object by this optical scanning enters from the slit 34 in the opposite direction to the optical path, is deflected by the deflector 333 via the bending mirror 334, and is reflected on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion element 336 by the mirror 335. Is guided to. The photoelectric conversion element 336 photoelectrically converts the received laser beam and inputs it to the processing unit 323 as an electrical signal.

  Further, the optical unit 33 is rotated about the Y-direction axis 339 as shown in FIG. 4 by the drive unit 321, and optically scans the measurement target portion in the Z direction with the laser light. That is, the measurement target part is optically scanned in the YZ direction by the laser light by the deflection by the deflection part 333 and the rotation by the drive part 321.

  Note that the processing unit 323 controls the laser light source 331 to irradiate the laser beam in a pulse shape, and detects the time until the pulsed laser beam is reflected by the measurement object and detected by the photoelectric conversion element 337. Then, the distance L from the measurement position to the reflection point on the measurement object is obtained. At this time, the processing unit 323 obtains the direction of the mirror (deflection surface) of the deflector 333 based on the signal from the encoder 337, that is, the irradiation angle θy of the laser beam deflected in the vertical direction by the changer 333.

  Further, the processing unit 323 obtains the irradiation angle θz of the laser beam in the direction of the engineering unit 33, that is, the lateral direction based on the signal from the encoder 322. Since the irradiation direction is uniquely determined by the irradiation angle θy and the irradiation angle θz, and it can be seen that there is a reflection point at a distance L on the straight line, the coordinates of the reflection point on the X, Y, and Z axes Is repeated at a predetermined pitch to obtain the coordinates of the reflection point group as three-dimensional data.

  The optical unit 33 has an imaging element (color line sensor) 330 (FIG. 5) that captures an image in the visible light region separately from the photoelectric conversion element 336. After passing through the bending mirror 334, the light is condensed on the color line sensor 330 by the imaging optical system 320, and an image of the measurement object is formed on the light receiving surface of the color line sensor 330.

  The imaging optical system may adjust the focus according to the distance from the measurement object, or may be pan-focused so that a distance from several meters to infinity is within the depth of field. The color line sensor 330 forms an image of the same portion as the line on the measurement object that is optically scanned in the vertical direction by the laser light, acquires this vertical row of image information, and rotates the optical unit 33. Accordingly, horizontal images are sequentially acquired and sent to the processing unit 323. The processing unit 323 obtains a color image of the measurement object by connecting the images in one column in the horizontal direction in the acquisition order.

  Then, the processing unit 323 obtains the color (R value, G value, B value) and luminance of the pixel corresponding to the reflection point and adds it as data of each reflection point of the three-dimensional data.

  The processing unit 323 may add information such as a serial number, identification information unique to each data, measurement date and time, measurement position coordinates, and a direction from which the measurement is started to the three-dimensional data. The coordinates of the measurement position and the direction in which the measurement is started (measurement start direction) may be set by the operator as described later. In the example described later, an example in which these are input before starting the measurement is shown. Therefore, the direction to start the measurement (measurement start direction) is stored, this information is stored, and the direction in which the measurement is started after the measurement is tertiary. Append to the original data. These pieces of information may be stored in the storage unit as a history.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of the data management device 40. The data management device 40 includes a communication unit 41, an input / output unit 42, a storage unit 43, and an arithmetic processing unit 44 as shown in FIG.

  The communication unit 41 communicates with other computers such as a certification authority server and a client terminal via a network.

  The input / output unit 42 includes input means such as an operation panel, a memory card reading device, a GPS signal receiver, a signal input port from another device connected via a cable, a display unit, a memory card writing device, It has an output means such as an output port of a signal to another device connected via a cable.

  The storage unit 43 stores information such as an OS (Operating System), application programs, data, and tables.

  The arithmetic processing unit 44 is a processor (CPU) that reads information from the input / output unit 42 and the storage unit 43 via the main memory and performs arithmetic processing. The arithmetic processing unit 44 implements functions such as a point cloud data capturing unit 441, a summarizing unit 442, and a verification data transmitting unit 443 by executing arithmetic processing according to a program.

  The point cloud data capturing unit 441 acquires the 3D data of the measurement object measured as the point cloud data from the 3D laser scanner 30 via the cable, and stores the 3D data in the storage unit 43.

  The summarization unit 442 calculates summary information (for example, a hash value or a checksum) of the three-dimensional data using a function such as MD5 or SHA-1.

  The verification data transmission unit (verification data creation unit) 443 transmits the three-dimensional data or summary information of the three-dimensional data to a predetermined destination so that the authenticity of the acquired three-dimensional data can be verified.

  For example, an electronic certificate is obtained by transmitting three-dimensional data to a certification authority. That is, the verification data transmission unit 443 adds the verification data (electronic certificate) to the three-dimensional data by transmitting the three-dimensional data to the certification authority.

  This electronic certificate is also stored on the certification authority side. Further, the summary information may be transmitted to a predetermined terminal such as a client computer or a mobile phone, and this summary information may be added to the three-dimensional data as verification data.

  In addition, when adding verification data to 3D data, it is desirable to use a file format that includes 3D data and verification data, such as Exif (Exchangeable Image File Format), and make them into one file. . For example, verification data is described as a header or footer of 3D data.

  If the verification data has a small number of digits, it may be included in the file name of the three-dimensional data. In addition, in order to associate the three-dimensional data with the verification data, identification information may be attached to the file names of the three-dimensional data and the verification data, and a table that associates the identification information of the two data may be created.

In this case, the management table is also passed to the management device 50 together with the three-dimensional data and the verification data so that the output device 50 can manage the three-dimensional data and the verification data in association with each other. In addition, when passing 3D data, verification data, and a management table from the data management apparatus 40 to the management apparatus 50, it may be transmitted via the network, may be transmitted via a cable, or may be stored in a storage medium. You may remember and hand it over.

  The verification data may be embedded in the three-dimensional data by digital watermark technology. Note that any known technique may be adopted as a method of embedding verification data as a watermark in three-dimensional data. For example, this watermark embedding method exemplifies a method of embedding 1-bit information in the luminance information of each point by forcibly changing the luminance information (for example, 8 bits) of each point to an odd number or an even number. it can.

  In addition, not only luminance information but color information (R value, G value, B value) may be used. The order of embedding this information may be the storage order of each point, the order of arrangement on the coordinates, or the like. Now, the bit string to be embedded is b (i), and the luminance of each point is P (j). For P (j), J = 1, 2,.

if b (i) = 1 then change p (j) to an odd number within 1 bit;
if b (i) = 0 then p (j) is an even number within 1 bit;
By repeating the above, a plurality of bits can be embedded in the gradation of the pixel. On the other hand,
if p (j) = odd then b (i) = 1; else b (i) = 0;
Can be combined.

  As an example of the above-described modification, a method of performing an embedding similar to the above may be applied to the frequency domain count by performing discrete cosine transform on the array of points (also referred to as a frequency domain transform method).

  Also proposed is a method of embedding 1 bit in one run-length code by making the run-length code odd-numbered or even-numbered in the run-length code when 3D data is run-length compressed. Has been.

In addition, various digital watermark embedding methods and decoding methods described in Reference Document 1 below can be applied.
Reference 1: “On Watermark and Content Protection” written by Onozukah, published by Ohmsha 2001/02

  In FIG. 1, the data management device 40 is shown as a separate body from the three-dimensional laser scanner 30, but the data management device 40 may be built in the three-dimensional laser scanner 30. In this case, a tamper-resistant structure such as sealing at least a portion in which the data management device 40 is built in with resin may be adopted so that the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 cannot be disassembled and illegally modified. In addition, when the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is disassembled, a notification unit that notifies a message to that effect to a predetermined destination such as a manufacturer, a client, or a purchaser may be provided.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the output device 50. As shown in FIG. 7, the output device 50 includes a communication unit 51, an input / output unit 52, a storage unit 53, and an arithmetic processing unit 54.

  The communication unit 51 communicates with other computers such as the data management device 40 via a network.

  The input / output unit 52 includes an input unit such as an operation panel, a storage medium reading device such as a DVD-ROM or a memory card, and an output unit such as a display unit, a writing device for the storage medium, and a speaker.

  The storage unit 53 stores information such as an OS (Operating System), application programs, and map data.

  The arithmetic processing unit 54 is a processor (CPU) that reads information from the input / output unit 52 and the storage unit 53 via the main memory and performs arithmetic processing. The arithmetic processing unit 54 also functions as an output control unit 541 and a data verification unit 542 by executing arithmetic processing according to a program.

  The output control unit 541 draws a point at each coordinate indicated by the three-dimensional data, and causes the three-dimensional model to be displayed and output using the point group. At this time, by displaying the 3D data of multiple processes on the 3D coordinates of the same origin, it is possible to superimpose and display the parts constructed in different processes, including the internal structure data to be embedded as the process progresses It can be a solid model. Similarly, the output control unit 541 may draw a point at each coordinate indicated by the three-dimensional data, and print out the three-dimensional model using this point group.

  The data verification unit 542 verifies the authenticity of the three-dimensional data based on the verification data. For example, the summary information of the three-dimensional data is calculated, and it is determined to be true if it matches the verification summary information, and false (if tampered) if it does not match.

  As described above, among the components of the data management device 40 and the output device 50 of the present example, the elements that process information realize the above functions by a general-purpose processor executing an analysis program as software. To do. Some or all of the elements that process these pieces of information may be hardware that realizes each function by combining basic circuits.

  In the data management apparatus 40 of this example, the point cloud data fetch unit 441, the summarization unit 442, and the data registration unit 443 are elements that process the information. In the output device 50, the data display unit 541 and the data verification unit 542 are elements for processing the information.

The hardware that is an element for processing these pieces of information may include basic circuits such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and an LSI (Large Scale Integration). The hardware may include basic circuits such as an IC [Integrated Circuit], a gate array, a logic circuit, a signal processing circuit, and an analog circuit.

  Examples of the logic circuit include an AND circuit, an OR circuit, a NOT circuit, a NAND circuit, a NOR circuit, a flip-flop circuit, and a counter circuit. The signal processing circuit may include a circuit that performs, for example, addition, multiplication, division, inversion, product-sum operation, differentiation, and integration on the signal value. The analog circuit may include, for example, a circuit that performs amplification, addition, multiplication, differentiation, and integration on the signal value.

  Next, a three-dimensional data management method (data acquisition) according to the present embodiment will be described based on the flowchart shown in FIG.

  First, the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is installed at a predetermined measurement position (step S1). This measurement position can be arbitrarily set to a position where the measurement object can be seen through. For example, a plurality of settings are set according to the accuracy to be recorded, such as four sides of the building and each room in the building.

Since the three-dimensional data acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 is a relative coordinate, in order to maintain the consistency of the three-dimensional data acquired from a plurality of measurement positions, the positional relationship between the measurement positions is determined in advance. It is desirable to acquire each three-dimensional data in a unified coordinate system.

  For example, when 3D data is acquired from a certain measurement position as the origin, and the 3D data is acquired from another measurement position, coordinates are set in the processing unit 323 so that the origin is the same. .

  In addition, absolute coordinates of a plurality of measurement positions and a direction (starting direction of measurement) for starting measurement are determined and input to the three-dimensional laser scanner 30, and the data management device 40 starts the measurement position coordinates and measurement. The three-dimensional data acquired from the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 based on the direction to be converted may be converted into a coordinate system with the same origin. At this time, the absolute coordinates indicating each measurement position are preferably shown in the world geodetic system.

  In addition, 3D data may be acquired from each measurement position so that the coordinate system is based on the geodetic reference point by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, or the 3D data acquired from each measurement position is obtained You may convert into the coordinate system which makes a point an origin.

  Next, the reflectance is increased by adding a reflective material to at least a part of the measurement object, for example, a member having a reflectance of a predetermined value or less. For example, a member with a black surface such as a reinforcing bar, steel frame, or iron pile, or a transparent member such as glass or plastic is difficult to reflect laser light and it may be difficult to obtain three-dimensional data. Thus, the reflectance is improved (step S2).

  At this time, if paint or the like is applied to the reinforcing bars, the affinity when placing concrete deteriorates. Therefore, as a reflective material, hydrophilic materials such as lime and cement powder, sand (fine aggregate), etc. It is preferable to spray the powder. In addition, before spraying this powder, liquids, such as water, may be sprayed or apply | coated and powder may adhere easily. Further, the reflectance may be improved by removing at least a part of the surface of the measurement object.

  For example, since the reinforcing bar is covered with a black oxide film, the reflectance can be increased by removing the oxide film. If the surface of the rebar reflects light like a mirror surface, the reflected light may not return to the 3D laser scanner 30 side, so a black oxide film is formed with a wire brush so that the reflected light is scattered appropriately. It is desirable to remove.

  Then, the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 starts measurement according to an instruction from the operator, acquires three-dimensional data and an image of the measurement object (step 3), and sends them to the data management device 40 (step S4).

  The data management device 40 adds the time information and position information acquired by the GPS receiver to the three-dimensional data received from the three-dimensional laser scanner 30 and the direction to start the measurement (step S5). For example, it transmits to the certification authority and receives the electronic certificate (verification data) (step S6). Even in the configuration of receiving the three-dimensional data with the electronic certificate added from the certification authority, only the electronic certificate is received from the certification authority, and the data management device 40 uses the electronic certificate as the three-dimensional data as a digital watermark or the like. May be added.

  Then, the data management device 40 stores the three-dimensional data in the storage unit 43 together with the verification data (step S7).

  The measurement of the three-dimensional data is repeated in each process that requires recording. In this case, it is possible to synthesize three-dimensional data for each process by setting the origin of the coordinate system to be the same.

For example, FIG. 9 shows an example of measurement at the stage of pile driving (first process), FIG. 10 shows an example of measurement at the stage of basic reinforcement (second process), and FIG. The example measured at the stage (third process) provided is shown. Thereafter, the process of placing concrete such as a wall on the ground is repeated, and FIG. 12 shows the completed stage.

  FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional data management method (output method). As shown in FIG. 13, the output device 50 acquires the measured three-dimensional data from the data management device 40 via a network or a storage medium (step S8), and based on each coordinate information of the three-dimensional data, A point is drawn on the screen, the color of this point is set as a color based on the R value, G value, and B value of the color information, this point is set as the luminance based on the luminance information, and each point is displayed. Is displayed (step S9). At this time, since the coordinate system of the three-dimensional data acquired in each process has the same origin, the point cloud of each process is connected, and the solid model including the point cloud of the internal structure constructed in the initial process Display output is possible.

The output device 50 verifies the authenticity of the three-dimensional data based on the electronic certificate of the three-dimensional data used for the display (step S10), and displays the verification result (step S11). For example, if an electronic certificate (verification data) is embedded in the luminance information, the electronic certificate is decoded by a predetermined algorithm such as reading whether the luminance information is odd or even, and the summary information included in the electronic certificate The three-dimensional data used for display is compared with summary information that summarizes the three-dimensional data, and the three-dimensional data is determined to be valid (true). Further, it may be confirmed by accessing the server of the certification authority whether the decoded electronic certificate matches the electronic certificate stored in the certification authority.

  When the validity is confirmed by the electronic certificate, the electronic certificate ID used for verification and a message indicating that the electronic certificate is not tampered are displayed. If the validity cannot be confirmed, the possibility of tampering is displayed. A message to that effect is displayed. This verification method obtains the summary information of the three-dimensional data and confirms whether or not it matches the summary information of the electronic certificate, and whether or not the electronic certificate is issued by the certification authority. A known verification method such as inquiring a server can be arbitrarily adopted.

In this management method, an electronic certificate is not essential, and there is a certain degree of trust between the user who creates and manages 3D data and the owner or purchaser who receives verification data based on 3D data. If there is a premise that there is, there is no need to use an electronic certificate as a simple method.
For example, a configuration may be used in which verification data is simply embedded in an image as a digital watermark and checked. In short, the authenticity verification means described in the present embodiment may be simplified.

  Further, the verification of the three-dimensional data may be compared with the drawing data used for the structural calculation and the data used for the building application. For example, the drawing data used for the structural calculation and the data used for the building application are acquired from a public institution server, a client server (not shown), or the storage unit 53 of the output device 50, and the tertiary corresponding to the drawing. The point group in the cross section of the original data is compared with the shape of the drawing, and if the arrangement of the points of the three-dimensional data matches the line of the drawing more than a predetermined ratio, it is judged valid, otherwise it is judged invalid The display state is changed and displayed by changing the color of the point cloud of the part not to be flashed or blinking.

  When displaying the three-dimensional data, there is a case where it is desired to edit the data instead of the raw data obtained by the three-dimensional laser scanner 30. For example, if a building or standing tree adjacent to the measurement object enters the measurement range, or if a bird or the like passes during measurement, these are also acquired as three-dimensional data, but this becomes noise when displayed. Therefore, there are cases where it is desired to remove this or to add a point that is originally necessary due to these noises.

  However, if such editing is performed, the summary information is different, so that it is determined to be falsified in the verification in step S10. For this reason, the points removed as noise and the points added as a complement are recorded as editing history data, and when 3D data is displayed, points are removed and points are added based on this editing history data. To display the 3D model. In step S10, verification is performed based on the three-dimensional data that has not been edited.

  When the legitimacy is confirmed in this way, a display that the editing history data is present is displayed together with the verification result that there is no falsification. When the operator gives an instruction, the data display unit 541 displays the editing history data. This editing history data may be displayed alone or may be displayed so as to overlap with the raw data. At this time, the deleted point is red, the added point is blue, or the deleted point blinks, and the added point is displayed in large size. You may display that it is a point.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the three-dimensional data of each process can be connected and displayed as a point cloud on a common coordinate system, the three-dimensional model of the building can be viewed from every position and angle, The internal structure can be verified even after completion.

  For example, FIG. 14 shows a case where the piles 91 and 92 hitting the ground and the rising portions 93 and 94 of the pillar are viewed from above. Here, it can be seen that the pile 91 is located immediately below the rising portion 93 of the pillar and is normally constructed. On the other hand, the pile 92 protrudes to the outside of the rising portion 94 of the column and may not be able to receive the building load sufficiently, and it is understood that the pile 92 is inappropriate. Thus, even if it is the piles 91 and 92 which cannot be seen after constructing a dumping container in a 2nd process, the positional relationship with the standing part 93 and 94 of a pillar can be verified.

FIG. 15 is an example in which the column portion of the third step is enlarged and displayed, and thereby the number and positions of reinforcing bars embedded in the column can be confirmed.
Even in the case where there are a plurality of similar shapes in this way, in the present embodiment, when the three-dimensional data is acquired, the three-dimensional data is transmitted to the certification authority and an electronic certificate is received. The summary information calculated from the data and the summary information of the electronic certificate are inconsistent, and tampering can be found. For this reason, the effect which prevents the alteration of data can be expected. That is, it is possible to prevent a structure having a similar shape such as a column from being copied and edited.

  Thereby, for example, if the owner prepares the output device 50 and performs the verification, it is possible to prevent other traders from falsifying data against the intention of the owner.

  FIG. 16 is a modification of the method for acquiring three-dimensional data. In the modified example of FIG. 16, compared with FIG. 8, instead of step S <b> 6 in which the three-dimensional data is transmitted to the certification authority, the data management device 40 obtains summary information, The difference is that step S60 for sending to the telephone is adopted. In this way, if summary information is transmitted in advance to a person who is different from the measurer of the three-dimensional data, in particular, the owner or purchaser who wants to verify the validity of the three-dimensional data, it is possible to prevent falsification of the data thereafter.

30 Three-dimensional scanner 40 Data management device 50 Output device

Claims (7)

A method for acquiring and managing three-dimensional data of a building,
When building a building by a plurality of processes, optically scanning the building of each process with a laser beam, obtaining three-dimensional data based on reflected light from the building;
Storing three-dimensional data of each step;
Displaying the three-dimensional data of at least two steps of each step in a coordinate system of the same origin;
A three-dimensional data management method executed by a computer.   The three-dimensional data management method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of associating verification data of the three-dimensional data with the three-dimensional data. A method for acquiring and managing three-dimensional data of a building,
When building a building by a plurality of processes, optically scanning the building of each process with a laser beam, obtaining three-dimensional data based on reflected light from the building;
Associating the verification data of the three-dimensional data with the three-dimensional data;
Storing three-dimensional data of each step;
A three-dimensional data management method executed by a computer.   The three-dimensional data management method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a step of adding a reflective material to the building or removing a surface of the structure to improve reflectivity. When building a building by a plurality of processes, the building of each process is optically scanned with a laser beam, and a three-dimensional data acquisition unit that acquires three-dimensional data based on reflected light from the building;
A verification data creation unit that associates the verification data of the three-dimensional data with the three-dimensional data;
A storage unit for storing the three-dimensional data of each step;
3D data management device with A three-dimensional data management system comprising a three-dimensional laser scanner for acquiring three-dimensional data of a building, and an output device for outputting the three-dimensional data,
The three-dimensional laser scanner includes a processing unit that optically scans the building with a laser beam in each step of the building constructed by a plurality of steps and obtains three-dimensional data based on reflected light from the building. ,
The output device is
An input unit for receiving the input of the three-dimensional data;
An output control unit that outputs three-dimensional data of at least two steps of each step in a coordinate system of the same origin;
3D data management system with A three-dimensional data management system comprising a three-dimensional laser scanner that acquires three-dimensional data of a building, a management device that manages three-dimensional data acquired by the three-dimensional laser scanner, and an output device that outputs the three-dimensional data Because
The three-dimensional laser scanner includes a processing unit that optically scans the building with a laser beam in each step of the building constructed by a plurality of steps and obtains three-dimensional data based on reflected light from the building. ,
The management device is
A three-dimensional data acquisition unit for acquiring three-dimensional data from the three-dimensional laser scanner;
A verification data creation unit that associates the verification data of the three-dimensional data with the three-dimensional data;
A storage unit for storing the three-dimensional data;
3D data management system with

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