JP2014104527A - Robot system, program, production system, and robot - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a robot system, a program, a production system, and a robot which allow a worker to instruct a robot movement instruction with gesture.SOLUTION: A robot system 300 includes: a robot 200 performing production work mixed with a worker in a production system; an imaging information acquisition part 110 acquiring an imaging information from an imaging part 400 imaging the worker; a robot control part 130 controlling the robot 200 based on the imaging information; and a display control part 150 controlling display of a display part 500 displaying a displayed image. The robot control part 130 first detects gesture of the worker based on the acquired imaging information and then specifies a robot control command related to the detected gesture. The display control part 150 displays a notification image for notifying the robot control command specified by the robot control part 130 to the worker on the display part 500.

Description

  The present invention relates to a robot system, a program, a production system, a robot, and the like.

  In recent years, due to the necessity of responding to changing consumer needs and increasing diversification, instead of the so-called line production system for mass production, many models are produced in small quantities, increasing or decreasing production volume, and small quantities of many models. A so-called cell production system has been increasingly adopted as a production system that flexibly supports production.

  The cell production system is a self-contained system in which one worker processes a plurality of work processes at a predetermined work place called a production cell, that is, a production cell, to produce a final product or a finished product for each of the plurality of processes. High system. The cell production system and the production method using this system have the advantage that they can promote the multi-skilling of workers, can easily cope with changes in product specifications, and require less capital investment.

  Also, in the production system, the robot can substitute work such as assembly of parts to the work by the worker. Further, in the production system, in addition to the case where there is one worker in one cell, there are cases where a team is formed by several people to work in one cell. The team is also formed by mixing humans and robots.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, in such a production system, a production instruction that can reduce the number of workers assigned to the production cell without lowering the operation rate of the robot in the production cell in accordance with an increase or decrease in production. A method is disclosed.

JP 2009-157528 A

  In a production system that mixes humans and robots as described above, for example, when there is a change in manufacturing schedule or when an operator leaves the office, the current robot operation is changed or interrupted. May need to be done.

  However, the robot used in the conventional production system only performs a predetermined operation according to the program, and cannot dynamically respond to an objective change in the event. Therefore, when changing or interrupting the operation of the robot, it is necessary for the operator to directly operate the robot, which is very troublesome.

  According to some aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide a robot system, a program, a production system, a robot, and the like that allow an operator to issue an operation instruction to the robot by a gesture.

  In addition, according to some aspects of the present invention, there are provided a robot system, a program, a production system, a robot, and the like that can recognize an operator's gesture and allow the robot to perform an operation associated with the recognized gesture. be able to.

  One aspect of the present invention is a robot that performs production work in a production system in a mixed manner with an operator, an imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from an imaging unit that images the worker, and the imaging information based on the imaging information. A robot control unit that controls the robot; and a display control unit that performs display control of a display unit that displays a display image. The robot control unit performs gestures of the worker based on the acquired imaging information. Detecting and specifying a robot control command associated with the detected gesture, and the display control unit displays a notification image for notifying the operator of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit on the display unit It relates to a robot system that performs control.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit detects an operator's gesture and operates the robot in accordance with a robot control command associated with the detected gesture.

  As a result, the operator can issue an operation instruction to the robot by a gesture. Furthermore, since the notification image is displayed to the worker, it is possible for the worker to confirm whether or not the instruction is correctly transmitted to the robot system by the gesture.

  In the aspect of the invention, the display control unit may perform control to display the notification image including the symbol image representing the content of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit on the display unit. Good.

  This makes it possible for the operator to more easily confirm whether or not an instruction has been correctly transmitted to the robot system by a gesture.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit detects the operator's hand pattern based on the acquired imaging information, and specifies the robot control command associated with the detected hand pattern. May be.

  As a result, the operator can issue an operation instruction to the robot using the hand pattern.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit determines at least one of a shape pattern, a hand position, and a hand movement of the worker based on the acquired imaging information as the hand pattern. And the robot control command associated with the detected hand pattern may be specified.

  This makes it possible to associate a robot control command with each hand shape pattern, position, movement, or combination thereof.

  Moreover, in one aspect of the present invention, the display control unit includes the notification in which a symbol image that displays the content of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit is arranged at a position corresponding to the hand of the operator. You may perform control which displays an image on the said display part.

  Thereby, it is possible for the worker to check whether or not the robot system can recognize the hand of the worker.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit detects the gesture of the worker from a detection region set in an upper region of the shoulder of the worker based on the acquired imaging information. May be.

  This makes it possible to prevent erroneous detection of a gesture by the robot system even when the operator accidentally makes the same gesture as that for giving an instruction to the robot outside the detection area.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit controls a first robot that performs production work in a mixed manner with the worker using a first robot control command, and is different from the first robot. Is controlled by a second robot control command, and the robot control unit, based on the acquired imaging information, from the first detection area set in the upper area of the worker's shoulder, When the gesture of the worker is detected, it is determined whether or not the detected gesture is associated with the first detection area, and the detected gesture is associated with the first detection area. The first robot is controlled by the first robot control command associated with the detected gesture, and the acquired imaging Based on the information, if the operator's gesture is detected from within a second detection area that is set in the upper area of the worker's shoulder and is different from the first detection area, the detected gesture Is determined to be associated with the second detection region, and when it is determined that the detected gesture is associated with the second detection region, the first associated with the detected gesture The second robot may be controlled by two robot control commands.

  As a result, even with the same gesture, the operator can issue operation instructions to a plurality of robots by changing the area where the gesture is performed.

  In one aspect of the present invention, when the robot control unit determines that the detected gesture is an emergency gesture, the detection region where the gesture is detected is the first detection region and the first detection region. In any of the second detection areas, the first robot and the second robot may be controlled in accordance with an emergency robot control command associated with the detected gesture.

  This makes it possible to issue an operation instruction to both the first robot and the second robot regardless of the position when an emergency operation instruction is to be issued to both the first robot and the second robot. become.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit sets a detection exclusion region that does not detect the gesture of the operator based on the acquired imaging information, and the robot control unit sets the detection exclusion region in a region other than the detection exclusion region. A detection area may be set.

  As a result, for example, even in the region above the shoulder, it is possible to prevent erroneous gesture detection by not performing gesture detection processing in a region where gesture detection is likely to fail.

  In the aspect of the invention, the robot control unit may set an area including at least the operator's face area as the detection exclusion area.

  As a result, it is possible to prevent erroneous gesture detection by not performing hand pattern detection processing on the face area of the worker.

  Further, in one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit identifies a command start time based on the detected gesture, and the robot control command is associated with the gesture at the identified command start time. The robot may be controlled.

  As a result, it is possible for the operator to designate the time for the robot to actually execute the command by gesture.

  Further, in one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit performs recognition processing of the back of the operator's hand based on the acquired imaging information, and based on a result of the recognition processing, the robot control command At least one of the specific process and the worker identification process may be performed.

  Thereby, for example, it is possible to prevent an unauthorized operation of the robot by an unregistered person.

  In another aspect of the present invention, based on the imaging information, a robot that performs production work mixed with workers in the production system, an imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from an imaging unit that images the workers, and A robot controller that controls the robot, and the robot controller performs recognition processing on the back of the operator's hand based on the acquired imaging information, and based on the recognition processing result, The present invention relates to a robot system that performs at least one of a process for specifying a robot control command used to control a robot and a process for identifying the worker.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the robot control unit may perform the recognition processing of the back of the operator's hand based on a shape pattern of the back of the hand or symbol information provided on the back of the operator's hand.

  As a result, even if the information on the back of the operator's hand is not registered in advance, it is possible to prevent the robot from being operated by an unauthorized person having no symbol information on the back of the hand. .

  Another aspect of the present invention relates to a program that causes a computer to function as each of the above-described units.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, a robot that performs production work in a mixed manner with an operator, an imaging unit that images the worker, an imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from the imaging unit, and the imaging A robot control unit that controls the robot based on information; a display unit that displays a display image; and a display control unit that performs display control of the display unit, wherein the robot control unit acquires the acquired imaging The operator's gesture is detected based on the information, a robot control command associated with the detected gesture is specified, and the display control unit sends the robot control command specified by the robot control unit to the worker. The present invention relates to a production system that controls to display a notification image to be notified on the display unit.

  Further, another aspect of the present invention is a robot that operates based on a robot control command including an instruction from an operator, images the operator to acquire imaging information, and acquires the acquired imaging information. The present invention relates to a robot that operates by converting to the robot control command and displays a notification image on the display unit that allows the operator to confirm the content of the robot control command.

  In another aspect of the present invention, a pattern in which at least one of a shape pattern, a hand position, and a hand movement of the worker is detected from the acquired imaging information is used as a hand pattern, and the hand A pattern may be converted into the robot control command.

  In another aspect of the present invention, recognition processing of the back of the operator's hand is performed from the acquired imaging information, and conversion to the robot control command and the operator's command are performed based on the result of the recognition processing. At least one of the identifications may be performed.

  In another aspect of the present invention, the notification image may include a symbol image representing the content of the robot control command.

  In another aspect of the present invention, the symbol image for displaying the contents of the robot control command may be displayed on the display unit with the notification image arranged at a position corresponding to the hand of the operator. Good.

The system configuration example of this embodiment. 2A and 2B are examples of the robot system. An example of the production system using the robot system of this embodiment. Explanatory drawing of the robot control command and symbol image linked | related with the operator's hand shape. FIGS. 5A to 5F are explanatory diagrams of the display position of the symbol image in the display screen. Explanatory drawing of the robot control command and symbol image linked | related with the position of an operator's hand. FIGS. 7A to 7F are explanatory diagrams of a technique for displaying a symbol image at the position of the operator's hand. 8A and 8B are explanatory diagrams of a detection area and a detection exclusion area. The flowchart explaining the flow of a process of this embodiment. The flowchart explaining the flow of the process which calculates the position of a worker's hand and the distance to a hand. The flowchart explaining the flow of an operator's hand detection process. The flowchart explaining the flow of a person identification process.

  Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described. First, an outline of the present embodiment will be described, and then a system configuration example of the present embodiment will be described. Then, the method of the present embodiment will be described in detail with specific examples, and finally, the flow of processing of the present embodiment will be described using a flowchart. In addition, this embodiment demonstrated below does not unduly limit the content of this invention described in the claim. In addition, all the configurations described in the present embodiment are not necessarily essential configuration requirements of the present invention.

1. Overview Due to the need to respond to fluctuations in consumer needs and increasing diversification in recent years, many models are produced in small quantities instead of a so-called line production system suitable for mass production. A so-called cell production system that can flexibly cope with small-scale production has been increasingly adopted.

  The cell production system is a self-contained system in which one worker processes a plurality of work processes at a predetermined work place called a production cell, that is, a production cell, to produce a final product or a finished product for each of the plurality of processes. High system. The cell production system and the cell production method using this system have the advantage that the workers can be promoted to be multi-skilled, the response to the product specification change is easy, and the capital investment can be reduced.

  Also, in the cell production system, the robot can substitute a work such as assembly of parts to the work by the worker. That is, a cell production system is configured by a robot cell in which a robot as an operator is arranged in a production cell instead of a human cell in which a person who is an operator is arranged in a production cell.

  Furthermore, in the cell production system, in addition to the case where there is one worker in one cell, there are cases where a team is formed by several people to work in one cell. The team is also formed by mixing humans and robots.

  For example, in Patent Document 1 described above, in such a cell production system, the number of workers assigned to the production cell can be reduced without lowering the operation rate of the robot in the production cell in accordance with the production increase / decrease. A simple production instruction method is disclosed. Such a cell production system can respond more flexibly to changes in the product model, increase / decrease in the number of production, etc., compared to a conventional line production system.

  Now, in the cell production system by mixing humans and robots as described above, for example, when there is a change in production schedule or when the worker leaves the seat, the operation of the current robot is changed, or May need to be interrupted.

  However, the robot used in the conventional production system only performs a predetermined operation according to the program, and cannot dynamically respond to an objective change in the event. Therefore, when changing or interrupting the operation of the robot, it is necessary for the operator to directly operate the robot, which is very troublesome.

  Therefore, in the robot system, the program, the production system, the robot, and the like according to this embodiment, an operator can issue an operation instruction to the robot by a gesture. In other words, in the robot system or the like of the present embodiment, the robot can recognize the operator's gesture and perform an action associated with the recognized gesture.

2. System Configuration Example Next, FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a robot system 300 of this embodiment and a production system 600 including the same.

  The robot system 300 includes a robot control device 100 and a robot 200. The robot control apparatus 100 includes an imaging information acquisition unit 110, a robot control unit 130, and a display control unit 150. The production system 600 further includes an imaging unit 400 and a display unit 500 in addition to the robot system 300. The robot system 300 and the production system 600 including the robot system 300 are not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and various modifications such as omitting some of these components or adding other components. Is possible.

  Next, processing performed in each unit will be described.

  The robot 200 performs production work in a mixed manner with workers. The robot 200 has an arm 210 and a hand 220 as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, which will be described later, for example, and operates according to a robot control command acquired from the robot control unit 130. Here, the arm 210 is a part of the robot 200 and refers to a movable part including one or more joints. Furthermore, the hand 220 refers to a component that is attached to the end point of the arm 210 in order to hold the workpiece or process the workpiece. The end point of the arm 210 is a point at the tip of the arm 210 and is a portion that is not connected to any other part than the hand 220 of the robot 200.

  Next, the imaging information acquisition unit 110 acquires imaging information from the imaging unit 400. The imaging information acquisition unit 110 may be a communication unit (interface unit) that performs wired or wireless communication with the imaging unit 400, for example.

  Then, the robot control unit 130 specifies a robot control command used for controlling the robot 200 based on the imaging information, and outputs the specified robot control command to the robot 200.

  In addition, the display control unit 150 performs display control of the display unit 500 that displays a display image. The functions of the robot control unit 130 and the display control unit 150 can be realized by hardware such as various processors (CPU and the like), ASIC (gate array and the like), programs, and the like.

  Then, the imaging unit 400 images the work site and a worker who performs the work at the work site, and outputs the imaging information to the imaging information acquisition unit 110. For example, the imaging unit 400 may be an infrared camera. The infrared camera may capture an infrared image, and the infrared image includes a far infrared image, a middle infrared image, and a near infrared image. Moreover, since an infrared camera makes a human body a detection target, it may have a sensitivity in a far-infrared wavelength region of 8 to 12 μm.

  Further, a pyroelectric infrared sensor camera may be used as the imaging unit 400. By using a pyroelectric infrared sensor camera, it is possible to acquire thermal images (infrared images, temperature images) from a long distance to a short distance with one sensor film, and the boundary line between the body temperature of the human body and other stationary objects It can be clearly displayed. Therefore, it is optimal for human body extraction, and costs are significantly lower than other infrared sensors.

  In addition, it is also possible to use a visible camera as the imaging unit 400, perform image processing on the captured image, specify the boundary line between the human body and another stationary object, and specify the shape of the human body. For example, the visible camera may be a camera using a CCD or CMOS as an image pickup device, and may be a monochrome camera or a color camera. When a monochrome camera is used, a grayscale image is captured as a visible image, and when a color camera is used, a color image is captured as a visible image.

  The infrared camera and the visible camera may include a device (processor) used for image processing or the like. In the present embodiment, infrared image data or visible image data is output to the imaging information acquisition unit 110 as it is, but is not limited to this. For example, the imaging unit 400 may perform part of the image processing performed in the robot control unit 130. In that case, the imaging information after image processing is performed on the infrared image or the visible image is output to the imaging information acquisition unit 110.

  The display unit 500 displays the acquired display image. The display unit 500 is a liquid crystal, for example. In addition, the display unit 500 may be an organic EL panel, electronic paper, or the like.

  Next, an example of the robot system 300 is shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 2 (B). For example, in the robot system 300 of FIG. 2A, the robot body 200 (robot) and the robot control device 100 are configured separately. However, the robot system 300 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 2A, and the robot main body 200 and the robot control device 100 may be integrated as shown in FIG. 2B. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2B, the robot 200 has a robot body (having an arm 210 and a hand 220) and a base unit portion that supports the robot body, and the robot control device is provided in the base unit portion. 100 may be stored. The robot 200 shown in FIG. 2B has wheels and the like provided in the base unit portion so that the entire robot can move. 2A is an example of a single arm type, the robot 200 may be a multi-arm type robot such as a double arm type as shown in FIG. 2B. The robot 200 may be moved manually, or may be moved by providing a motor for driving wheels and controlling the motor by the robot controller 100. Moreover, the robot control apparatus 100 is not necessarily provided in the base unit part provided under the robot 200 as shown in FIG.

  Furthermore, as a specific example of the production system of the present embodiment, FIG. In the production system of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, three or more work tables (DSK1 to DSK3) connected in series are arranged, and an operator WK is arranged on the center work table DSK2. Then, articulated double-arm robots (RB1 and RB2) are respectively arranged on the work tables (DSK1 and DSK3) on both sides, and a cell production line coexisting and cooperating with the worker WK is assembled.

  Also, between the work table DSK2 in front of the worker WK and the work tables (DSK1 and DSK3) in front of the robots (RB1 and RB2), the active areas are separated from each other to prevent infringement in the active areas. For this purpose, line sensors (SE1 and SE2) are arranged. Further, an infrared camera CAM and a display monitor DIS are installed on the central work table DSK2. The reason for installing the infrared camera CAM and the display monitor DIS will be described in detail later.

  In the double-arm robot (RB1 and RB2), the lower part of the body of the robot is supported at the upper end of the carriage, as in FIG. 2B described above. The trolley is movable. The front end of the body of the dual-arm robot is provided with two arms and a hand for holding a workpiece and performing a predetermined operation. Furthermore, robot control devices (CP1 and CPU2) for controlling the robot and the carriage are installed on the back of the body. The power for driving the robot is supplied by wiring connection from the work table.

3. Next, the method of this embodiment will be described.

  The robot system 300 according to the present embodiment described above includes the robot 200 that performs production work in a mixed manner with workers in the production system, the imaging information acquisition unit 110 that acquires imaging information from the imaging unit 400 that images workers, and imaging. A robot control unit 130 that controls the robot 200 based on the information and a display control unit 150 that performs display control of the display unit 500 that displays a display image are included. First, the robot control unit 130 detects an operator's gesture based on the acquired imaging information, and specifies a robot control command associated with the detected gesture. Then, the display control unit 150 displays a notification image for notifying the operator of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit 130 on the display unit 500.

  Here, the imaging information refers to information representing a captured image captured by the imaging unit 400. The captured information may be the captured image itself or information on an image obtained by performing image processing on the captured image. Further, the imaging information may be information detected from a captured image such as a feature amount. Furthermore, the imaging information may be link information to a place where the captured image is stored.

  A gesture refers to an operator's gesture. Specific examples of gestures will be described later.

  The robot control command is a control command used for controlling the robot 200. The robot control command is associated with the operator's gesture.

  Further, the notification image is an image for notifying the operator of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit 130. Specifically, the notification image refers to an image used by the worker to confirm whether or not the robot control command instructed by the worker by the gesture is correctly specified by the robot control unit 130. A specific example of the notification image will be described later.

  Therefore, the worker can issue an operation instruction to the robot by a gesture. On the other hand, in the robot system 300 of the present embodiment, the robot 200 can recognize an operator's gesture and perform an operation associated with the recognized gesture. Further, since the notification image is displayed to the worker, the worker can confirm whether or not the instruction is correctly transmitted to the robot system 300 by the gesture.

  Further, since the worker is performing production work and does not have time to carefully watch the notification image displayed on the display unit 500, it is possible to immediately determine whether or not the instruction is correctly transmitted to the robot system 300 by the gesture. It is desirable to make it.

  Therefore, the display control unit 150 may perform control to display a notification image including a symbol image representing the content of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit 130 on the display unit 500.

  Here, the symbol image is an image representing the content of the robot control command and is an image arranged in the notification image. Specific examples will be described later with reference to FIGS.

  This makes it possible for the operator to more easily confirm whether or not an instruction has been correctly transmitted to the robot system 300 by a gesture.

  Further, the robot control unit 130 may detect an operator's hand pattern based on the acquired imaging information and specify a robot control command associated with the detected hand pattern.

  As a result, the operator can issue an operation instruction to the robot 200 using the hand pattern.

  Specifically, the robot control unit 130 detects, as a hand pattern, at least one of the shape pattern, position, and movement of the operator's hand based on the imaging information acquired in the imaging region, and the detected hand A robot control command associated with the pattern may be specified.

  That is, the hand pattern refers to a gesture specified by at least one of an operator's hand shape pattern, hand position, and hand movement. The hand pattern may be a combination of an operator's hand shape pattern, position, and movement. When detecting a hand shape pattern, the hand shape pattern is detected by detecting a feature amount such as the shape of the outline of the hand.

  This makes it possible to associate a robot control command with each hand shape pattern, position, movement, or combination thereof. That is, it is possible to prepare as many different robot control commands as the number of defined hand patterns.

  In addition, the robot control unit 130 may specify a command start time based on the detected gesture, and may control the robot 200 according to the robot control command associated with the gesture at the specified command start time.

  As a result, it is possible for the operator to designate a time for the robot 200 to actually execute the command by a gesture.

  Here, eight specific examples will be described with reference to FIG. First, in the first case 1, it is assumed that a fist shape pattern is detected as the hand pattern of the operator. At this time, the fist to be detected may be either the left or right hand.

  Then, the notification image associated with the detected fist shape pattern, the command start time, and the robot control command are specified. Here, a command for resetting the command currently being executed by the robot 200 and “immediate (execute immediately)” are specified as the command start time as the robot control command. Then, the robot 200 immediately resets the command currently being executed. Then, a notification image including the characters “RESET” representing the contents of the robot control command is displayed on the display unit 500.

  Cases 2 to 4 are the same as Case 1. In case 2, when a palm shape pattern is detected as a hand pattern, the robot 200 is immediately stopped. In case 3, when a hand shape pattern with only the thumb as a hand pattern is detected, the robot 200 is notified that the worker is leaving, and the operation of the robot 200 is performed when the worker is absent. Change to As an operation when the worker is absent, for example, the robot 200 (or another robot) performs the work that the worker has been doing so far, or the work is temporarily stopped. Further, in case 4, when the hand pattern with the thumb and index finger raised is detected as the hand pattern, the robot 200 is notified that the worker will enter, and the operation is changed to the operation when the worker is enrolled. To do. For example, the worker performs the work that has been performed by the robot 200 until now.

  In case 5, when a right hand shape pattern in which only the index finger is raised is detected as a hand pattern, a robot control command for instructing delivery of the processed workpiece to the operator is specified. In this case, when the work process assigned to the robot 200 for a certain work is completed, the robot 200 grasps the work and temporarily releases the boundary line sensors (SE1 and SE2 in FIG. 3). Thus, a process of carrying the workpiece to the operator's desk (DSK2 in FIG. 3) is performed.

  Further, in case 6, when a shape pattern of the right hand with the index finger and middle finger raised is detected as the hand pattern, for example, a robot control command that instructs to return to the original work after executing the command of case 5 is specified. At this time, the instruction start time is specified as 3 seconds later. Therefore, in this case, 3 seconds after the hand pattern is detected, the hand (gripping unit) of the robot 200 is released, the process returns to the original work process, and the boundary line sensor is returned to the operating state. The same applies to Case 7 and Case 8.

  In addition, when the robot system 300 cannot correctly determine the instruction by the hand pattern, it is highly likely that the robot system 300 cannot recognize the operator's hand in the first place. Therefore, when the operator confirms whether or not the instruction by the hand pattern is correctly transmitted to the robot system 300, it is better if the robot system 300 can also confirm whether or not the operator's hand can be recognized.

  Therefore, the display control unit 150 controls the display unit 500 to display a notification image in which a symbol image representing the content of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit 130 is arranged at a position corresponding to the hand of the worker. May be performed.

  A specific example will be described with reference to thermal images (captured images) shown in FIGS. For example, when the hand pattern TMP1 as shown in FIG. 5A is detected based on the imaging information, the display control unit 150 mirrors the captured image of FIG. A notification image as shown in FIG. 5D in which the symbol image PIC1 is arranged at the position is displayed on the display unit 500.

  Similarly, when detecting the hand pattern TMP2 as shown in FIG. 5B, the display control unit 150 mirrors the captured image of FIG. 5B and displays the symbol image PIC2 at the position of the hand pattern TMP2. 5E is displayed, and when the hand pattern TMP3 as shown in FIG. 5C is detected, the captured image in FIG. A notification image as shown in FIG. 5F in which the symbol image PIC3 is arranged at the position of the hand pattern TMP3 is displayed. Here, the reason for performing the mirror image inversion is to improve visibility and discriminability by showing the operator a notification image in which his / her appearance is reflected in the mirror.

  In addition, the position corresponding to the hand of the operator may be the same position as the hand shown in the original captured image, or may be the position of the hand after mirror image reversal as described above. .

  Thereby, it is possible for the operator to check whether or not the robot system 300 can recognize the operator's hand. As a result, it becomes possible for the operator to more easily confirm whether or not the instruction is correctly transmitted to the robot system by the hand pattern.

  Further, as described above, not only the hand pattern is detected from the hand shape pattern as in the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5, but also the gesture may be detected from the position of the hand as shown in FIG.

  For example, as in case 1 of FIG. 6, when a gesture that positions the operator's hand in front of the neck is detected, the currently executed instruction is reset immediately, as in case 1 of FIG. 5. Cases 2 to 8 are also the same as Cases 2 to 8 in FIG. 5, and differ only in that a gesture is detected depending on the position of the illustrated hand.

  Similarly to FIGS. 5A to 5F, when the gesture of FIG. 7A is detected, as shown in FIG. 7D, the gesture corresponds to the operator's hand. A notification image in which the symbol image PIC1 is arranged is displayed. Similarly, when the gesture of FIG. 7B is detected, a notification image in which the symbol image PIC2 is arranged is displayed as shown in FIG. 7E, and when the gesture of FIG. 7C is detected. Displays the notification image in which the symbol image PIC3 is arranged as shown in FIG.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8A, when the worker WK is performing a normal production work on the work table DSK, the robot system 300 makes an gesture or hand of the worker who gives an instruction to the robot 200. There is a possibility that the pattern is erroneously detected. On the other hand, when an operator performs normal production work, the hand is often moved mainly in an area below the shoulder.

  Therefore, the robot control unit 130 may detect the operator's gesture from the detection area set in the upper area of the worker's shoulder based on the acquired imaging information.

  Here, the upper region of the shoulder is a region set on the basis of the shoulder, and may be a region including a partial region of the shoulder. For example, in the example of FIG. 8A, the area DAR is indicated.

  Further, the detection area refers to an area in which an operator gesture detection process is performed. In other words, the robot system 300 detects only gestures performed within the detection area, and does not detect gestures performed outside the detection area.

  This makes it possible to prevent erroneous detection of gestures by the robot system 300 even when an operator accidentally makes the same gesture as that for instructing the robot 200 outside the detection area.

  Further, the robot control unit 130 may set a detection exclusion region that does not detect the operator's gesture based on the acquired imaging information, and may set a detection region in a region other than the detection exclusion region.

  As a result, for example, even in the region above the shoulder, it is possible to prevent erroneous gesture detection by not performing gesture detection processing in a region where gesture detection is likely to fail.

  Actually, when the worker WK performs production work, the mask MSK is often worn as shown in FIG. For this reason, the robot system 300 often cannot recognize the face of the worker WK based on the temperature information of the captured image and the like, and the face of the worker WK may be confused with the hand.

  Therefore, the robot control unit 130 may set an area including at least the worker's face area as a detection exclusion area. The detection exclusion area may be an area including a part of the operator's face area.

  In the example of FIG. 8B, the detection exclusion area UDAR is set to an area including the face area of the worker WK, and the detection area DAR is set to an area outside the detection exclusion area UDAR.

  This makes it possible to prevent erroneous detection of a gesture or hand pattern by not performing the gesture or hand pattern detection process on the face area of the operator.

  Further, the robot control unit 130 controls the first robot that performs the production work in a mixed manner with the worker by the first robot control command, and controls the second robot different from the first robot to the second robot control command. It may be controlled by.

  However, when there is a robot control command associated with the same gesture in the first robot control command group and the second robot control command group, for example, the operator operates only on the first robot. Even if the user wants to give an instruction and performs the gesture, the gesture may give an operation instruction to the second robot.

  Therefore, when the robot control unit 130 detects the operator's gesture from the first detection region set in the upper region of the worker's shoulder based on the acquired imaging information, the detected gesture is If it is determined whether or not the detected gesture is associated with the first detection area, and it is determined that the detected gesture is associated with the first detection area, the first robot control command associated with the detected gesture The first robot may be controlled.

  On the other hand, when the robot control unit 130 detects the operator's gesture from the second detection area that is set in the upper area of the worker's shoulder and is different from the first detection area, based on the acquired imaging information. Determines whether or not the detected gesture is associated with the second detection area, and if it is determined that the detected gesture is associated with the second detection area, the detected gesture is associated with the detected gesture The second robot may be controlled by the second robot control command.

  For example, as in the case 5 and case 6 of FIG. 6 described above, a gesture performed in the right side area of the worker moves to the first robot (for example, RB2 in FIG. 3) arranged on the right side of the worker. As in case 7 and case 8 in FIG. 6, the gesture in the left area of the worker instructs the second robot (for example, RB1 in FIG. 3) arranged on the left side of the worker. Treat as what you want.

  As a result, even with the same gesture, the operator can issue operation instructions to a plurality of robots by changing the area where the gesture is performed.

  On the other hand, if an area for issuing an operation instruction to the first robot and an area for issuing an operation instruction to the second robot are separated, it may be difficult to issue instructions to both robots simultaneously in an emergency.

  Therefore, when the robot control unit 130 determines that the detected gesture is an emergency gesture, the detection region where the gesture is detected is either the first detection region or the second detection region. Alternatively, the first robot and the second robot may be controlled in accordance with the emergency robot control command associated with the detected gesture.

  Here, the emergency gesture refers to a gesture associated with an emergency robot control command.

  The emergency robot control command refers to a robot control command that needs to be executed immediately compared to other robot control commands such as an emergency stop command. For example, it can be said that the robot control commands in case 1 to case 4 in FIG. 5 are emergency robot control commands.

  When the emergency gesture is detected as in the case 1 to the case 4 in FIG. 5, regardless of whether the detection position of the gesture is the first detection area or the second detection area, An emergency robot control command associated with the emergency gesture is identified and executed by the first robot and the second robot.

  As a result, when it is desired to give an urgent operation instruction to both the first robot and the second robot, the operation instruction can be issued to both the first robot and the second robot regardless of the position. It becomes possible.

  Further, as described above, the above-described various processes may be performed by the robot control device 100 outside the robot 200 or may be performed by the robot 200.

  That is, the robot 200 captures an image of a worker to acquire imaging information, and operates by converting the acquired imaging information into a robot control command including an instruction from the worker. A notification image that can be confirmed may be displayed on the display unit.

  In addition, the robot 200 converts the hand pattern into a robot control command using a pattern obtained by detecting at least one of the shape pattern of the worker's hand, the position of the hand, and the movement of the hand from the acquired imaging information. May be.

  Further, the robot 200 performs recognition processing of the back of the worker's hand from the acquired imaging information, and performs at least one of conversion into a robot control command and identification of the worker based on the result of the recognition processing. Also good.

  In addition, the robot 200 may display a notification image in which a symbol image that displays the contents of the robot control command is arranged at a position corresponding to the hand of the operator on the display unit.

  Note that the robot system 300, the production system, the robot 200, and the like of the present embodiment may realize part or most of the processing by a program. In this case, the robot system 300, the production system, the robot 200, and the like of the present embodiment are realized by a processor such as a CPU executing a program. Specifically, a program stored in the information storage medium is read, and a processor such as a CPU executes the read program. Here, the information storage medium (computer-readable medium) stores programs, data, and the like, and functions as an optical disk (DVD, CD, etc.), HDD (hard disk drive), or memory (card type). It can be realized by memory, ROM, etc. A processor such as a CPU performs various processes according to the present embodiment based on a program (data) stored in the information storage medium. That is, in the information storage medium, a program for causing a computer (an apparatus including an operation unit, a processing unit, a storage unit, and an output unit) to function as each unit of the present embodiment (a program for causing the computer to execute processing of each unit) Is memorized.

4). Details of Processing Hereinafter, the flow of processing according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the configuration example of the production system in FIG. 3 and the flowchart in FIG. 9.

  First, the infrared camera CAM, the display monitor DIS, the robot control devices (CP1 and CP2), and the robot (RB1 and RB2) are activated, and parameters necessary for the following processing are initialized (S1). Next, the worker WK is imaged by the infrared camera CAM, and a thermal image is acquired (S2).

  Next, candidate areas for detection objects are extracted from the thermal image obtained in step S2 (S3). Specifically, an area having a temperature characteristic similar to that of the detection target is extracted as a candidate area. For example, when the detection target is the hand of the worker WK (person), the thermal image is obtained by utilizing the fact that the surface temperature of the face, the neck, and the hand exposing the skin is about 30 ° C. A candidate area having a temperature of, for example, about 30 ° C. is searched for, and position information and temperature information of the candidate area are detected. At this time, as the position information, for example, the barycentric coordinate position of the candidate area may be detected, and as the temperature information, for example, the average temperature of the candidate area may be detected. In addition to the barycentric coordinate position, the existence of a part that satisfies the conditions such as the aspect ratio, the sufficiency rate, and the actual area may be examined. When the detection target is something other than a person, the extraction process may be performed based on the temperature characteristics of the detection target.

  Then, a position-temperature list in which the position information of each candidate area obtained in step S3 is associated with the temperature information is created (S4).

  Next, based on the position-temperature list created in step S4, it is determined whether at least one candidate region has been extracted in step S3 (S5).

  If it is determined that no candidate region has been extracted, it is determined that the hand of the worker WK is not reflected in the thermal image captured this time, and the process returns to step S2.

  On the other hand, if it is determined that one or more candidate areas have been extracted, the candidate area to be processed in the next pattern matching process is selected based on the position-temperature list, and the selected candidate area is actually It is set on the thermal image (S6), and a template image used in the current pattern matching process is selected (S7).

  Here, the template image refers to an image representing typical characteristics of the detection target, such as an image of the shape pattern of the hand of the worker WK or a thermal image showing the temperature distribution of the hand of the worker WK. . In other words, the template image is an example of an image representing a detection target. The template image may be captured and stored in advance by the robot system.

  Then, pattern matching processing is performed to determine whether or not a worker WK hand exists in each candidate area listed in the position-temperature list, and if the worker WK hand exists in the candidate area If it is determined, the position of the hand of the worker WK is detected (S8).

  Here, the pattern matching process is a process for comparing the candidate area of the detection target object with the template image based on temperature information extracted from the thermal image, and matches the template image in the candidate area of the detection target object. When it is determined that there is a region, it is determined that the detection target exists in the candidate region, and when it is determined that there is no region that matches the template image in the candidate region of the detection target, the detection target is This refers to processing for determining that a candidate area does not exist.

  Specifically, when detecting the hand of the worker WK, the density calculation is performed on the candidate region of the worker WK and the template image of the hand of the worker WK, thereby calculating the hand of the worker WK. The presence / absence and its detailed position are detected. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and in addition, the edge image is stored as a template image, and the presence / absence of the final object is calculated by calculating the correlation value between the edge image and the candidate region. The position may be detected.

  Next, it is determined whether or not the pattern matching process has been performed for all candidate areas listed in the position-temperature list created in step S4 (S9). If the pattern matching process has not been completed for all candidate areas in the position-temperature list, the process returns to step S6 to perform the next candidate area setting process in order to switch the candidate areas to be processed.

  On the other hand, when the pattern matching process has been completed for all candidate areas listed in the position-temperature list, as shown in the example of FIG. 6, the pattern is associated with the detected position of the hand of the worker WK. The robot control command, the command start time, and the symbol image are specified (S10).

  Then, notification image generation processing is performed (S11), and the generated notification image is displayed on the display unit (S12). Here, in the notification image generation process, first, the thermal image is mirror-inverted so as to be line-symmetric with respect to the vertical axis passing through the center of the captured thermal image, and then the worker in the thermal image after the mirror image inversion A process of generating a notification image in which the symbol image identified in step S10 is set (superposed) at the position where the hand of WK is shown is performed. Specifically, notification images as shown in FIGS. 7D, 7E, and 7F are generated. When displaying the notification image, a warning sound may be emitted, a rotation warning lamp may be turned on, the symbol image may be displayed with a color, or the symbol image may be blinked.

  Finally, the robot control command is executed at the instruction start time specified in step S10 to operate the robot (S13), and the process returns to step S2.

5. First Modification A flow of processing for detecting the position of the hand of the worker WK using a stereo camera will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. This process corresponds to steps S2 to S8 in the flowchart of FIG.

  First, the hand of the worker WK shown in the left camera image obtained from the left camera is detected (S20). A specific flow of the process of detecting the hand of the worker WK is as shown in the flowchart of FIG.

  That is, first, a skin color area is extracted from the left camera image (S30), and it is determined whether or not a skin color area is extracted (S31). If the skin color area is not extracted, it is determined that an extraction error has occurred, and the hand detection process is terminated halfway.

  On the other hand, when the skin color area is extracted, the pattern matching process of the hand shape is performed on the extracted skin color area (S32). This pattern matching process is the same as the pattern matching process described above. However, since it is only necessary to detect the hand here, pattern matching processing with a plurality of shape patterns may be performed.

  Next, it is determined whether or not a hand has been detected (S33). If a hand is detected, the hand detection process is normally terminated. On the other hand, if the hand cannot be detected, it is determined that a detection error has occurred, and the hand detection process is terminated halfway.

  Next, returning to the flowchart of FIG. 10, the above-described hand detection process of FIG. 11 is also performed on the right camera image obtained from the right camera (S21).

  Then, matching processing between the position of the hand detected in the left camera image and the position of the hand detected in the right camera image is performed, and the position of the hand in the real space is specified (S22). Further, the distance from the camera to the hand is calculated based on the identified hand position (S23).

  Thereafter, the robot control program, the command start time, and the symbol image associated with the specified hand position or distance are specified, and the robot is operated according to the specified robot control program at the specified command start time. Further, a notification image is generated based on the identified symbol image and displayed on the display unit.

6). Second Modification Also, the robot control unit 130 performs recognition processing for the back of the worker's hand based on the acquired imaging information, and based on the recognition processing result, the robot control command identification processing and the operator's At least one of the identification processes may be performed.

  Here, the worker identification process refers to a process of identifying a worker who is currently performing a production work from a plurality of workers in which information on the back of the hand is registered in advance.

  Thereby, for example, it is possible to prevent an unauthorized operation of the robot by an unregistered person.

  The robot control unit 130 may perform recognition processing for the back of the operator's hand based on the shape pattern of the back of the hand or the symbol information provided on the back of the operator's hand.

  Here, the symbol information provided on the back of the operator's hand refers to information on an arbitrary symbol or figure drawn or cut out on a glove worn by the operator, for example.

  As a result, even if the information on the back of the operator's hand is not registered in advance, it is possible to prevent the robot from being operated by an unauthorized person having no symbol information on the back of the hand. .

  Here, a specific flow of worker recognition processing using a color camera and an infrared camera will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, the production site is imaged by a color camera, and a skin color region is extracted from the acquired color image (S40). If the skin color area cannot be extracted (S41), it is determined that there is no worker, and the process ends.

  On the other hand, when the skin color region can be extracted from the color image (S41), the pattern matching process is performed using the template image of the back of the hand, and the back of the hand is detected (S42). This pattern matching process is the same as the pattern matching process in step S32 of FIG. 11, but may be performed based on the symbol information provided on the back of the operator's hand as described above.

  Then, it is determined whether or not the back of the hand has been detected (S43). If it is determined that the back of the hand has not been detected, the process returns to step S40.

  On the other hand, if it is determined that the back of the hand has been detected, the region of the back of the hand is specified in the thermal image acquired from the infrared camera (S44).

  Then, the feature information of the first person stored in the database DB (not shown) is acquired (S45). Here, the feature information of a person refers to information representing features unique to the person, such as a blood vessel pattern, a hand shape pattern, and a temperature distribution pattern of the back of the hand. If the process of acquiring the person characteristic information has failed (S46), the process returns to step S40.

  On the other hand, if the acquisition process of the person feature information is successful (S46), the feature of the back of the hand in the infrared image is extracted (S47), and the person feature information acquired from the database DB and the infrared image are extracted. A feature matching process for comparing the extracted feature information on the back of the hand region is performed (S48), and when it is determined that the features match (S49), the operator reflected in the color image and the infrared image is It is determined that the person corresponds to the feature information used in the feature matching process, and the process ends.

  On the other hand, if the characteristics do not match (S49), the characteristics of the next person in the database DB are acquired (S50), and the process returns to step S46.

  Although the present embodiment has been described in detail as described above, it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made without departing from the novel matters and effects of the present invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. For example, a term described at least once together with a different term having a broader meaning or the same meaning in the specification or the drawings can be replaced with the different term in any part of the specification or the drawings. In addition, the configurations and operations of the robot system, program, production system, and robot are not limited to those described in this embodiment, and various modifications can be made.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Robot control apparatus, 110 Imaging information acquisition part, 130 Robot control part, 150 Display control part,
200 robot, 210 arm, 220 hand, 300 robot system, 400 imaging unit,
500 display units, 600 production systems

Claims (22)

A robot that performs production work mixed with workers in the production system;
An imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from an imaging unit that images the worker;
A robot controller that controls the robot based on the imaging information;
A display control unit that performs display control of a display unit that displays a display image;
Including
The robot controller is
Detecting the operator's gesture based on the acquired imaging information, identifying a robot control command associated with the detected gesture,
The display control unit
A robot system which performs control to display a notification image for notifying the operator of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit on the display unit. In claim 1,
The display control unit
The robot system characterized by performing control which displays the said notification image containing the symbol image showing the content of the said robot control command which the said robot control part specified on the said display part. In claim 1 or 2,
The robot controller is
A robot system characterized by detecting a hand pattern of the worker based on the acquired imaging information and specifying the robot control command associated with the detected hand pattern. In claim 3,
The robot controller is
Based on the acquired imaging information, the robot detects at least one of the hand pattern of the operator, the position of the hand, and the movement of the hand as the hand pattern, and is associated with the detected hand pattern A robot system characterized by specifying a control command. In claim 3 or 4,
The display control unit
The symbol image displaying the content of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit is controlled to display the notification image arranged at a position corresponding to the hand of the worker on the display unit. A robot system. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5,
The robot controller is
A robot system that detects the gesture of the worker from a detection region set in an upper region of the shoulder of the worker based on the acquired imaging information. In claim 6,
The robot controller is
A first robot that performs production work in a mixed manner with the worker is controlled by a first robot control command; a second robot that is different from the first robot is controlled by a second robot control command;
The robot controller is
Based on the acquired imaging information, when the gesture of the worker is detected from within a first detection region set in the upper region of the worker's shoulder, the detected gesture is the first The first robot associated with the detected gesture when it is determined whether the detected gesture is associated with the first detection area, and when it is determined that the detected gesture is associated with the first detection area. Controlling the first robot by a control command;
When the gesture of the worker is detected from within a second detection area that is set in the upper area of the shoulder of the worker based on the acquired imaging information and is different from the first detection area Determining whether or not the detected gesture is associated with the second detection region, and determining that the detected gesture is associated with the second detection region; A robot system, wherein the second robot is controlled by the associated second robot control command. In claim 7,
The robot controller is
When it is determined that the detected gesture is an emergency gesture, whether the detection area where the gesture is detected is the detection area of the first detection area or the second detection area A robot system that controls the first robot and the second robot in accordance with an emergency robot control command associated with the detected gesture. In any of claims 6 to 8,
The robot controller is
A robot system that sets a detection exclusion region that does not detect the gesture of the worker based on the acquired imaging information, and sets the detection region in a region other than the detection exclusion region. In claim 9,
The robot controller is
A robot system characterized in that an area including at least the face area of the worker is set as the detection exclusion area. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 10.
The robot controller is
An instruction start time is specified based on the detected gesture, and the robot is controlled according to the robot control command associated with the gesture at the specified instruction start time. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 11,
The robot controller is
Based on the acquired imaging information, the back of the operator's hand is recognized, and at least one of the robot control command specifying process and the worker identifying process is performed based on the result of the recognition process. Robot system characterized by performing. A robot that performs production work mixed with workers in the production system;
An imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from an imaging unit that images the worker;
A robot controller that controls the robot based on the imaging information;
Including
The robot controller is
Based on the acquired imaging information, recognition processing of the back of the operator's hand is performed, and based on the recognition processing result, identification processing of the robot control command used for controlling the robot and identification of the operator A robot system that performs at least one of processing. In claim 12 or 13,
The robot controller is
A robot system that performs the recognition processing of the back of the operator's hand based on a shape pattern of the back of the hand or symbol information provided on the back of the operator's hand. A robot that performs production work mixed with workers in the production system;
An imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from an imaging unit that images the worker;
A robot controller that controls the robot based on the imaging information;
As a display control unit that performs display control of a display unit that displays a display image,
Make the computer work,
The robot controller is
Identifying the operator's gesture based on the acquired imaging information, identifying a robot control command associated with the identified gesture,
The display control unit
The program which controls to display the notification image which notifies the said robot control command which the said robot control part specified to the said worker on the said display part. A robot that performs production work mixed with workers in the production system;
An imaging information acquisition unit that acquires imaging information from an imaging unit that images the worker;
As a robot controller that controls the robot based on the imaging information,
Make the computer work,
The robot controller is
Based on the acquired imaging information, recognition processing of the back of the operator's hand is performed, and based on the recognition processing result, identification processing of the robot control command used for controlling the robot and identification of the operator A program that performs at least one of the processes. A robot that performs mixed production with workers,
An imaging unit for imaging the worker;
An imaging information acquisition unit for acquiring imaging information from the imaging unit;
A robot controller that controls the robot based on the imaging information;
A display unit for displaying a display image;
A display control unit that performs display control of the display unit;
Including
The robot controller is
Detecting the operator's gesture based on the acquired imaging information, identifying a robot control command associated with the detected gesture,
The display control unit
A production system for performing a control to display a notification image for notifying the worker of the robot control command specified by the robot control unit on the display unit. A robot that operates based on a robot control command including an instruction from an operator,
Imaging the worker to obtain imaging information,
Operates by converting the acquired imaging information into the robot control command,
A robot that displays a notification image on the display unit so that the worker can confirm the content of the robot control command. In claim 18,
A pattern obtained by detecting at least one of the shape pattern of the worker's hand, the position of the hand, and the movement of the hand from the acquired imaging information is used as a hand pattern, and the hand pattern is converted into the robot control command. Robot characterized by. In any of claims 18 or 19
A recognition process of the back of the operator's hand is performed from the acquired imaging information, and at least one of conversion to the robot control command and identification of the operator is performed based on a result of the recognition process. Characteristic robot. In any of claims 18 to 20,
The notification image is
A robot comprising a symbol image representing the contents of the robot control command. In claim 21,
The robot characterized by displaying the said notification image by which the said symbol image which displays the content of the said robot control command was arrange | positioned in the position corresponding to the said operator's hand on the said display part.