JP2014166034A - Battery monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery monitoring device capable of detecting device abnormality of detection means or a control device in addition to battery abnormality of a battery pack.SOLUTION: A main microcomputer 23 and a sub microcomputer 24 share monitor information such as a detection result of a battery voltage, relating to the same battery cell 10, detected by a main detection circuit 21 and a sub detection circuit 22 in similar timing, and a monitor result of battery abnormality based on the detection result. The microcomputers 23 and 24 determine whether the monitor information items held respectively are different, thereby detecting device abnormality caused by abnormality in the detection circuits 21 and 22 or in the microcomputers 23 and 24 in addition to battery abnormality in a battery pack 1.

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery monitoring device that monitors a battery state of a battery pack composed of a plurality of battery cells.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is known a battery monitoring device including a detection unit that detects a battery state of an assembled battery, and a control unit that controls the detection unit and acquires a monitoring result of the detection unit to detect abnormality of the assembled battery ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

  In this patent document 1, there are overcharge / discharge detection units provided in a plurality corresponding to battery blocks in which each battery cell is grouped in a predetermined number unit, and a flying capacitor type of means for monitoring the voltage state of the assembled battery. A battery monitoring device configured by a voltage detection unit is disclosed. According to this, since the means for monitoring the voltage state of the assembled battery has a redundant configuration, even if an abnormality occurs in one of the detection units, the voltage state of the assembled battery is continuously monitored by the other detection unit. Is possible.

JP 2010-226811 A

  By the way, in patent document 1, means, such as each charging / discharging detection part and a voltage detection part, are connected to the control apparatus comprised with a single microcomputer (henceforth abbreviated as a microcomputer), and the control signal from a control apparatus. In accordance with the control, each output result is input to the control device.

  With such a configuration, if any abnormality occurs in the control device, it becomes impossible to properly detect the abnormality of the assembled battery from the output of each charge / discharge detection unit and the voltage detection unit, so that the reliability is lacking. There are challenges.

  On the other hand, a microcomputer having the same function as the control device connected to each charge / discharge detection unit and voltage detection unit is added to control each charge / discharge detection unit and voltage detection unit and detect abnormalities in the assembled battery It is conceivable to make the means to perform redundancy.

  However, if the control of each charge / discharge detection unit and the voltage detection unit and the means for detecting the abnormality of the assembled battery are made redundant, the internal configuration of the battery monitoring device becomes complicated and the cost of the battery monitoring device increases remarkably. Such a problem arises.

  Accordingly, the applicant of the present application has made a redundant configuration of a detection means and a control device in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-259814 (hereinafter referred to as a prior application example) filed earlier, A configuration that is simpler than the other detection means is proposed.

  According to the battery monitoring device described in this prior application example, there is an excellent advantage that complication of the internal configuration can be suppressed as compared with the case where the detection means and the control device are simply made redundant.

  However, in the prior application example, although it is possible to detect an abnormality in the assembled battery itself (battery abnormality), it detects an abnormality in the device that cannot detect the state of the assembled battery due to an abnormality in the detection means or the control device. There is room for improvement.

  In view of the above points, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery monitoring device capable of detecting a device abnormality of a detection means and a control device in addition to a battery abnormality of an assembled battery.

  The present invention is applied to an assembled battery (1) configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells (10) in series, and monitors at least a specific physical quantity among a plurality of physical quantities indicating a battery state of the assembled battery. Intended for battery monitoring devices.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, main detection is performed in which one or adjacent N (= positive integer) battery cells are used as detection units and a specific physical quantity is detected for each detection unit. A main control unit (23) that controls the means (21), the main detection means, and monitors the battery abnormality of the assembled battery based on the detection result of the specific physical quantity by the main detection means; Sub-detection unit (22) for detecting a specific physical quantity for each detection unit, and controlling the sub-detection means, and the detection result of the specific physical quantity by the sub-detection means. And a sub-control device (24) for monitoring the battery abnormality of the assembled battery. The main control device and the sub-control device include a cell group including a detection timing of a specific physical quantity of a battery cell to be detected by the main detection unit and a battery cell to be detected by the main detection unit by the sub-detection unit. Is configured to synchronize with the detection timing of the specific physical quantity of the device, and is connected to be able to communicate in both directions so that the monitoring information including the detection result of the specific physical quantity and the monitoring result of the battery abnormality can be shared, Further, each of the main control device and the sub control device is based on the difference between the monitoring information in one control device and the monitoring information in the other control device, and the main detection device, the main control device, the sub detection device, and the sub control device. The apparatus is configured to detect the apparatus abnormality.

  In this way, each control device shares monitoring information such as a detection result of a specific physical quantity related to the same battery cell detected at the same timing by each detection means, and a battery abnormality monitoring result based on the detection result, If it is set as the structure which determines the difference of the monitoring information which each control apparatus holds, in addition to the battery abnormality of an assembled battery, the apparatus abnormality of a detection means or a control apparatus can be detected.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the parenthesis of each means described in this column and the claim shows an example of a correspondence relationship with the specific means described in the embodiment described later.

It is a whole block diagram of the battery monitoring apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a timing chart for demonstrating the detection timing of the main detection circuit which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and the detection timing of a sub detection circuit. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the control processing which the main microcomputer which concerns on 1st Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the control processing which the submicrocomputer concerning 1st Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the apparatus abnormality determination process which the main microcomputer which concerns on 1st Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the apparatus abnormality determination process which the submicrocomputer concerning 1st Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the apparatus abnormality determination process which the main microcomputer which concerns on 2nd Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the apparatus abnormality determination process which the submicrocomputer concerning 2nd Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the apparatus abnormality determination process which the main microcomputer which concerns on 3rd Embodiment performs. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the apparatus abnormality determination process which the submicrocomputer concerning 3rd Embodiment performs. It is a whole block diagram of the battery monitoring apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the same or equivalent parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings.

(First embodiment)
First, the first embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the battery monitoring device 2 of the present invention is applied to the assembled battery 1 mounted on a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.

  The assembled battery 1 constitutes a vehicle-mounted high-voltage battery that supplies power to various electric devices 4 that are mounted on the vehicle mainly using a driving device that generates a driving force for traveling the vehicle. Note that the electrical device 4 is not limited to a device that is fed from the assembled battery 1, but also includes a charger that feeds power to the assembled battery 1.

  As shown in the overall configuration diagram of FIG. 1, the assembled battery 1 of the present embodiment is connected to an electrical device 4 via a system main relay 3. The system main relay 3 is a switching unit that switches the connection between the assembled battery 1 and the electric device 4 between a conductive state and a cut-off state, and is a host for controlling the entire vehicle based on the monitoring result of the battery monitoring device 2 and the like. It is controlled by a control device (not shown).

  The assembled battery 1 is obtained by electrically connecting a plurality (for example, 100) of battery cells 10 made of a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery in series. In addition, the assembled battery 1 of this embodiment is comprised by several battery block CB1-CBn which grouped each battery cell 10 which is the minimum unit of charging / discharging by a predetermined number unit (for example, four units).

  The battery monitoring device 2 is a device (BMU: Battery Management Unit) that monitors the voltage state of the assembled battery 1, and includes main detection circuit 21, sub detection circuit 22, main microcomputer 23, and sub microcomputer 24 as main components. It has.

  The main detection circuit 21 detects a specific physical quantity of 1 or N adjacent (= a positive integer: a number smaller than the total number of cells) battery cells 10 among a plurality of physical quantities indicating the battery state of the assembled battery 1. It is a main detection means for detecting a specific physical quantity for each detection unit as a unit (first detection unit). The main detection circuit 21 of the present embodiment is configured to detect one battery cell 10 as a detection unit and detect a battery voltage (cell voltage) for each battery cell 10 as a specific physical quantity.

  The main detection circuit 21 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of monitoring ICs (monitoring units) 211 provided corresponding to the battery blocks CB1 to CBn. Each monitoring IC 211 is an integrated circuit that detects the state of the battery cells 10 of the corresponding battery blocks CB <b> 1 to CBn according to a control signal from the main microcomputer 23. Note that each monitoring IC 211 is configured to operate by feeding power from the corresponding battery blocks CB1 to CBn.

  Each monitoring IC 211 of this embodiment is connected in a daisy chain manner so that adjacent monitoring ICs 211 can transmit signals, and one of the monitoring ICs 211 (the monitoring IC 211 on the lowest potential side in FIG. 1) It is connected to the main microcomputer 23 via an insulating part 25 such as a coupler. The insulating unit 25 is an insulating unit that ensures insulation between the assembled battery 1 side (high voltage system) and the main microcomputer 23 side (low voltage system).

  A signal indicating the detection result of each monitoring IC 211 is input to the main microcomputer 23 via the monitoring IC 211 connected to the main microcomputer 23, and a control signal output from the main microcomputer 23 is sent to the monitoring IC 211 connected to the main microcomputer 23. To the other monitoring ICs 211 sequentially. The signal transmission between each monitoring IC 211 and the main microcomputer 23 is not limited to the daisy chain method, and may be realized by other methods such as connecting each monitoring IC 211 to the main microcomputer 23.

  Each monitoring IC 211 according to the present embodiment includes a cell voltage detection circuit 211a that detects a battery voltage for each of the battery cells 10 of the corresponding battery blocks CB1 to CBn. Specifically, the cell voltage detection circuit 211a is an AD conversion type voltage detection circuit that samples the battery voltage of the battery cell 10 at a predetermined period, converts the voltage into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal. It consists of a converter. The multiplexer is switching means for selectively connecting both terminals of any one of the battery cells 10 to a pair of input terminals of the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier is a differential amplifier circuit that outputs an analog signal corresponding to the potential difference between both terminals of the battery cell 10 selected by the multiplexer. The analog signal output from the operational amplifier is converted into a digital signal by the AD converter. Is done.

  The sub-detection circuit 22 uses, as a detection unit (second detection unit), a specific physical quantity of M (= positive integer) battery cells 10 among a plurality of physical quantities indicating the battery state of the assembled battery 1. Sub-detecting means for detecting a specific physical quantity for each detection unit. The sub-detection circuit 22 of the present embodiment is configured to detect each battery block CB1 to CBn as a detection unit and detect the battery voltage (block voltage) for each battery block CB1 to CBn as a specific physical quantity.

  Specifically, the sub-detection circuit 22 includes a capacitor 222 that stores battery voltage, a detection unit 224 that detects battery voltage stored in the capacitor 222, an input unit 221, and an output unit 223. It consists of The input unit 221 is a circuit that inputs (applies) the block voltages of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn to the capacitor 222, and is an input side switching element provided on a detection line connected to both ends of each of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn. S1 to Sn + 1. The output unit 223 is a circuit that outputs (applies) the block voltage stored in the capacitor 222 to the detection unit 224. The output side switching element Sa provided in a line connecting the capacitor 222 and the detection unit 224, It is composed of Sb.

  Here, the operation at the time of voltage detection in the sub detection circuit 22 will be briefly described. For example, when detecting the battery voltage of the battery block CB 1, first, the input side switching elements S 1 and S 2 are turned on, and the battery voltage of the battery block CB 1 is applied to the capacitor 222. Thereafter, the input side switching elements S1 and S2 are turned off, and the output side switching elements Sa and Sb are turned on, whereby the battery voltage stored in the capacitor 222 is input to the detection unit 224. As described above, the sub detection circuit 22 is configured to be able to detect the battery voltage of each of the battery blocks CB <b> 1 to CBn via the capacitor 222 by controlling the input unit 221 and the output unit 223.

  By the way, the sub-detection circuit 22 is a circuit provided for improving the reliability of the battery monitoring device 2 and is not essential as long as the main detection circuit 21 functions normally. Compared to the circuit configuration, the detection performance (for example, detection accuracy and detection time) is low. In addition, since the sub detection circuit 22 of this embodiment is a structure which detects a battery voltage per battery block, its voltage detection performance is lower than the main detection circuit 21 which detects a battery voltage per battery cell 10. become.

  On the other hand, the sub-detection circuit 22 has a circuit configuration in which the number of battery voltages of the assembled battery 1 is less than that of the main detection circuit 21 and the detection performance is low. Therefore, the sub-detection circuit 22 is realized with a simpler circuit configuration than the main detection circuit 21. can do. The capacitor 222 functions as an insulating means for ensuring insulation between the assembled battery 1 side (high voltage system) and the detection unit 224 side (low voltage system).

  Each of the main microcomputer 23 and the sub-microcomputer 24 is composed of a CPU, a microcomputer composed of various memories constituting the storage means, and its peripheral devices, and is configured to execute various processes in accordance with a control program stored in the memory. ing. Each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 is driven by power storage means other than the assembled battery 1 (for example, an on-board auxiliary battery) as a power source.

  The main microcomputer 23 controls charging / discharging in the main detection circuit 21 and the assembled battery 1, and the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1 based on the detection result of the battery voltage (cell voltage) for each first detection unit in the main detection circuit 21. The main control device that detects

  Specifically, the main microcomputer 23 outputs a control signal instructing each monitoring IC 211 of the main detection circuit 21 to monitor the voltage state, and the first detection unit detected by each monitoring IC 211 of the main detection circuit 21. Get the battery voltage for each. The main microcomputer 23 detects a battery abnormality or the like of the assembled battery 1 based on the detection result of the battery voltage acquired from the main detection circuit 21, and controls the battery state of the assembled battery 1 (for example, the assembled battery). 1 charge / discharge switching control, etc.).

  The sub-microcomputer 24 controls the sub-detection circuit 22 and a sub-control device that detects battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1 based on the detection result of the battery voltage (block voltage) for each second detection unit in the sub-detection circuit 22. It is composed.

  Specifically, the sub-microcomputer 24 controls the operations of the input unit 221 and the output unit 223 of the sub-detection circuit 22 and acquires the battery voltage for each second detection unit detected by the sub-detection circuit 22. Then, the sub-microcomputer 24 executes a process for detecting a battery abnormality or the like of the assembled battery 1 based on the detection result of the battery voltage acquired from the sub-detection circuit 22. In addition, in the submicrocomputer 24 of this embodiment, it does not perform about the process which controls the battery state of the assembled battery 1 performed with the main microcomputer 23. FIG.

  Here, the microcomputers 23 and 24 of the present embodiment are detected by the main detection circuit 21 by the main detection circuit 21 and the detection timing of the battery voltage of the battery cell 10 to be detected by the main detection circuit 21. It is comprised so that the detection timing of the battery voltage of the cell group (battery block) containing the battery cell 10 may be synchronized.

  Specifically, each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 of the present embodiment has communication ports 231 and 241 for transmitting a periodic signal from one microcomputer to the other microcomputer, and the periodic signals (synchronization) from the communication ports 231 and 241 are provided. The detection timing of the voltage in each of the detection circuits 21 and 22 is synchronized by the signal).

  For example, as shown in FIG. 2, when the synchronization signal is a signal indicating the detection timing T1 of the battery block CB1, the main microcomputer 23 instructs the monitoring IC 211 to detect the voltage of each battery cell 10 of the battery block CB1. The sub-microcomputer 24 turns on the input side switching elements S1 and S2 connected to both ends of the battery block CB1.

  When the synchronization signal is a signal indicating the detection timing T2 of the battery block CB2, the main microcomputer 23 instructs the monitoring IC 211 to detect the voltage of each battery cell 10 of the battery block CB2, and the sub microcomputer 24 The input side switching elements S2 and S3 connected to both ends of the block CB2 are turned on.

  In this way, the voltage detection timing of the battery cells 10 constituting the battery block CB to be detected by the main detection circuit 21 and the battery cell 10 to be detected by the main detection circuit 21 by the sub detection circuit 22 are detected. The detection timing of the voltage of the battery block CB is synchronized.

  Further, the microcomputers 23 and 24 of this embodiment are bidirectional so that the monitoring information including the battery voltage detection results by the detection circuits 21 and 22 and the battery abnormality monitoring results by the microcomputers 23 and 24 can be shared. It is connected so that it can communicate.

  Furthermore, each microcomputer 23 and 24 of this embodiment detects the apparatus abnormality of each detection circuit 21 and 22 and each microcomputer 23 and 24 based on the difference between the monitoring information in one microcomputer, and the monitoring information in the other microcomputer. Is configured to do.

  In the present embodiment, the configuration for controlling the main detection circuit 21 in the main microcomputer 23 constitutes the main control unit 23a, and the configuration for detecting battery abnormality or device abnormality constitutes the main abnormality detection unit (abnormality detection means) 23b. Furthermore, the configuration for controlling the battery state of the assembled battery 1 constitutes the state control unit 23c. In the present embodiment, the configuration for controlling the sub-detection circuit 22 in the sub-microcomputer 24 configures the sub-control unit 24a, and the configuration for detecting battery abnormality or device abnormality configures the sub-abnormality detection unit (abnormality detection means) 24b. doing.

  Here, the sub microcomputer 24 of the present embodiment has a smaller amount of data to acquire than the main microcomputer 23 that acquires detailed data such as the cell voltage of each battery cell 10. Further, since the sub-microcomputer 24 of the present embodiment does not perform the state control of the assembled battery 1 executed by the main microcomputer 23, there are fewer processes to be controlled than the main microcomputer 23. For this reason, in this embodiment, the sub-microcomputer 24 is configured by a microcomputer having a processing capacity and a memory capacity lower than that of the main microcomputer 23.

  Next, the abnormality detection process of the assembled battery 1 executed by the main microcomputer 23 and the sub-microcomputer 24 of the present embodiment will be described using the flowcharts of FIGS. The control flow shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is started based on the start of the vehicle system, a command from the host control device, or the like.

  In the abnormality detection process for the assembled battery 1 executed by the main microcomputer 23 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, first, whether or not it is the detection timing of the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 based on the periodic signal of the communication port 231. Is determined (S100).

  As a result, when it is determined that it is not the detection timing of the battery voltage, it waits until it becomes the detection timing of the battery voltage, and when it is determined that it is the detection timing of the battery voltage, for each monitoring IC 211, A control signal instructing detection of the cell voltage of each battery cell 10 is output (S110).

  Thereby, the cell voltage detection circuit 211a of each monitoring IC 211 detects the battery voltages of the battery cells 10 constituting the battery blocks CB1 to CBn to be detected in a predetermined order.

  Subsequently, the cell voltage of each battery cell 10 as a detection result is acquired from each monitoring IC 211 (S120), and the presence or absence of battery abnormality in the assembled battery 1 is determined based on the detection result acquired from each monitoring IC 211 (S130). ).

  In the determination process in step S130, it is determined whether or not the cell voltage of each battery cell 10 acquired from each monitoring IC 211 is within a predetermined cell voltage allowable range. Assuming that the battery cell 10 is overcharged or overdischarged, the battery pack 1 is determined to have a battery abnormality. The cell voltage allowable range is a range in which each battery cell 10 can exhibit the required output performance, and is set within the withstand voltage range of the battery cell 10.

  As a result of the determination process in step S130, if it is not determined that there is a battery abnormality, an abnormality flag indicating whether there is an abnormality in the assembled battery 1 is set to “normal” (S140), and if it is determined that there is a battery abnormality, an abnormality occurs. The flag is set to “battery abnormality” (S150). The abnormality flag is a flag that is referred to by the host controller rather than the main microcomputer 23, and is set to “normal” indicating the normal state of the assembled battery 1 in the initial setting.

  After the abnormality flag is set in steps S140 and S150, the apparatus abnormality determination process is executed (S160), and power supply (discharge) from the assembled battery 1 to the various electric devices 4 and power supply (charging) from the outside to the assembled battery 1 are performed. ) Is executed (S170). The device abnormality determination process executed by the main microcomputer 23 will be described later.

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the ignition of the vehicle is on (S180). When it is determined that the ignition is off, the abnormality detection process is terminated, and when it is determined that the ignition is on, the process proceeds to step S100. Return.

  Next, in the abnormality detection process of the assembled battery 1 executed by the sub-microcomputer 24, first, as shown in FIG. 4, whether or not the battery voltage detection timing of each of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn is based on the periodic signal of the communication port 231. Is determined (S200).

  As a result, when it is determined that it is not the detection timing of the battery voltage, it waits until the detection timing of the battery voltage is reached. On the other hand, when it is determined that it is the detection timing of the battery voltage, the sub-detection circuit 22 is controlled to detect the voltages of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn (S210).

  Subsequently, the block voltages of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn, which are detection results, are obtained from the sub-detection circuit 22 (S220), and the presence / absence of battery abnormality in the assembled battery 1 is determined based on the obtained detection results (S230). .

  In the determination processing in step S230, it is determined whether or not the block voltages of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn acquired from the sub-detection circuit 22 are within the block voltage allowable range. It is determined that the battery 1 has a battery abnormality. The allowable block voltage range is a range in which each battery block CB1 to CBn can exhibit the required output performance, and is set within the withstand voltage range of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn.

  As a result of the determination processing in step S230, if it is not determined that there is a battery abnormality, an abnormality flag indicating whether there is an abnormality in the assembled battery 1 is set to “normal” (S240), and if it is determined that there is a battery abnormality, The flag is set to “battery abnormality” (S250). Since the abnormality flag is the same as the abnormality flag on the main microcomputer 23 side, the description is omitted.

  After setting an abnormality flag in steps S240 and S250, an apparatus abnormality determination process is executed (S260). The device abnormality determination process executed by the sub-microcomputer 24 will be described later.

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the ignition of the vehicle is on (S270). When it is determined that the ignition is off, the abnormality detection process is terminated, and when it is determined that the ignition is on, the process proceeds to step S200. Return.

  Next, the apparatus abnormality determination process (S160) executed by the main microcomputer 23 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, in the apparatus abnormality determination process, first, as a battery abnormality monitoring result from the sub-microcomputer 24, the sub-microcomputer 24 acquires the setting state of the abnormality flag set in steps S240 and S250 (S161).

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the monitoring results of the battery abnormality of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different (S162). That is, it is determined whether or not the setting states of the abnormality flags set in the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different.

  As a result of the determination process in step S162, when it is determined that the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are not different, the monitoring results of the battery abnormality of the microcomputers 23 and 24 match “normal”. It is determined whether or not there is (S163).

  As a result, when it is determined that the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 match “normal”, the abnormality flag is determined to be “normal” (S164), and “battery abnormality” matches. If it is determined that the battery is present, the abnormality flag is determined as “battery abnormality” (S165).

  If it is determined as a result of the determination process in step S162 that the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different from each other, either the detection circuit 21 or 22 or the microcomputer 23 or 24 has a device abnormality. Therefore, the abnormality flag is determined as “device abnormality” (166).

  Subsequently, the apparatus abnormality determination process (S260) executed by the sub-microcomputer 24 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, in the apparatus abnormality determination process, first, the main microcomputer 23 acquires the setting state of the abnormality flag set in steps S140 and S150 as the battery abnormality monitoring result from the main microcomputer 23 (S261).

  Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different (S262). That is, it is determined whether or not the setting states of the abnormality flags set in the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different.

  As a result of the determination process in step S262, when it is determined that the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are not different, the monitoring results of the battery abnormality of the microcomputers 23 and 24 match with “normal”. It is determined whether or not (S263).

  As a result, when it is determined that the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 match “normal”, the abnormality flag is determined to be “normal” (S264), and “battery abnormality” matches. If it is determined that the battery is present, the abnormality flag is determined as “battery abnormality” (S265).

  If it is determined as a result of the determination process in step S262 that the battery abnormality monitoring results of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different, there is a device abnormality in any of the detection circuits 21 and 22 and each of the microcomputers 23 and 24. Therefore, the abnormality flag is determined as “apparatus abnormality” (266).

  In the host control device for controlling the entire vehicle, the system main relay 3 is controlled with reference to the abnormality flag of each microcomputer 23, 24. For example, when a battery abnormality or a device abnormality is detected, the host control device switches the system main relay 3 to the cut-off state and stops the vehicle travel.

  In the battery monitoring device 2 of the present embodiment described above, the means for detecting the battery voltage of the assembled battery 1 is constituted by the main detection circuit 21 and the sub detection circuit 22 which are independent from each other, and the control for detecting an abnormality of the assembled battery 1 is performed. The apparatus is composed of a main microcomputer 23 and a sub-microcomputer 24.

  With such a redundant configuration, even if any abnormality occurs in one of the main microcomputer 23 and the sub-microcomputer 24, the abnormality of the assembled battery 1 can be detected by the other microcomputer.

  At this time, since the number of battery voltages monitored in the sub detection circuit 22 is smaller than the number of battery voltages monitored in the main detection circuit 21, the configuration of the sub detection circuit 22 and the sub microcomputer 24 is changed to that of the main detection circuit 21 and the main microcomputer. It becomes possible to implement | achieve with a simple structure compared with 23. FIG.

  Therefore, according to the battery monitoring device 2 of the present embodiment, it is possible to improve the reliability while suppressing the complexity of the internal configuration accompanying the redundancy of the device that detects the abnormality of the assembled battery 1.

  In particular, in this embodiment, the main detection circuit 21 includes the detection timing for detecting the battery voltage of the battery cell 10 to be detected, and the sub detection circuit 22 includes the battery cell 10 to be detected by the main detection circuit 21. The detection timing for detecting the battery voltage of the battery block is synchronized.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, in this embodiment, each microcomputer 23, 24 shares the battery abnormality monitoring result of the assembled battery 1, and determines the difference between the battery abnormality monitoring results held by each microcomputer 23, 24. It is configured to do.

  As described above, the microcomputer 23 and 24 share the battery abnormality monitoring result based on the detection result of the battery voltage related to the same battery cell 10 detected by the detection circuits 21 and 22 at the same timing. 24, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, the apparatus abnormality of each of the detection circuits 21, 22 and each of the microcomputers 23, 24 can be detected. it can.

  In the present embodiment, the example in which the detection timings of the battery voltages by the detection circuits 21 and 22 are synchronized by the periodic signals of the communication ports 231 and 241 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  For example, the detection timing of the battery voltage by each of the detection circuits 21 and 22 may be synchronized with each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 by using the transmission timing of communication data from one microcomputer to the other microcomputer.

  In addition, when the microcomputers 23 and 24 are activated, the detection time of the battery voltage by the detection circuits 21 and 22 may be synchronized by sharing the control time with both. According to this, since it is only necessary to synchronize the control time when the microcomputers 23 and 24 are activated, an increase in the amount of communication between the microcomputers 23 and 24 can be suppressed.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, an example in which a part of the apparatus abnormality determination process is changed with respect to the first embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, description of the same or equivalent parts as in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

  In the apparatus abnormality determination process of the present embodiment, the difference between the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 (cell voltage of each battery cell 10) and the detection result of the sub detection circuit 22 (block voltage of each battery block CB1 to CBn) is determined. It is configured. Hereinafter, the apparatus abnormality determination process executed by each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.

  In the apparatus abnormality determination process executed by the main microcomputer 23 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, first, the detection result of the sub detection circuit 22 (block voltages of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn) is acquired from the sub microcomputer 24 ( S167).

  Subsequently, the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 detected by the main detection circuit 21 is converted into a battery voltage for each second detection unit (voltage of each battery block CB1 to CBn), and the converted battery voltage and the sub-microcomputer 24 are converted. It is determined whether or not the battery voltage for each second detection unit acquired from (S168). In addition, the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 detected by the main detection circuit 21 can be converted into the battery voltage for each second detection unit by integrating the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 in units of battery blocks. .

  Here, when the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 detected by the main detection circuit 21 is converted into the battery voltage for each second detection unit, there may be a calculation error or the like. For this reason, in the determination process in step S168, the detection result for each battery block (second detection unit) in each microcomputer 23, 24 can be compared by taking into account an error when the battery voltage is converted in the main microcomputer 23. desirable. This also applies to the subsequent processes.

  As a result of the determination processing in step S168, when it is determined that the detection results for each battery block (second detection unit) in each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 match, the battery block (second It is determined whether or not the detection result for each detection unit) is within the allowable voltage range (S169). The allowable voltage range may be set in the same manner as the above-described allowable block voltage range.

  As a result, when it is determined that the detection result for each battery block (second detection unit) in each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 is within the voltage allowable range, the abnormality flag is determined to be “normal” (S164), and the voltage allowable range is determined. If it is determined that it is outside, the abnormality flag is determined as “battery abnormality” (S165).

  On the other hand, as a result of the determination processing in step S168, if it is determined that the detection results for each battery block (second detection unit) in each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different, the abnormality flag is determined to be “device abnormality” (S166). ).

  Next, in the apparatus abnormality determination process executed by the sub-microcomputer 24 of the present embodiment, first, the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 (cell voltage of each battery cell 10) is obtained from the main microcomputer 23, as shown in FIG. (S267).

  Subsequently, the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 acquired from the main control device 23 is converted into a battery voltage for each second detection unit, and the converted battery voltage and the battery for each second detection unit detected by the sub detection circuit 22 are converted. It is determined whether or not the voltage is different (S268).

  As a result of the determination processing in step S268, if it is determined that the detection results for each second detection unit in each microcomputer 23, 24 match, the detection results for each second detection unit in each microcomputer 23, 24 are further displayed. It is determined whether the voltage is within the allowable range (S269). The allowable voltage range may be set in the same manner as the above-described allowable block voltage range.

  As a result, when it is determined that the detection result for each second detection unit in each of the microcomputers 23 and 24 is within the allowable voltage range, the abnormality flag is determined to be “normal” (S264), and is outside the allowable voltage range. If it is determined, the abnormality flag is determined as “battery abnormality” (S265).

  On the other hand, if it is determined that the detection results of the second detection units in the microcomputers 23 and 24 are different as a result of the determination process in step S268, the abnormality flag is determined to be “device abnormality” (S266).

  Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, according to the battery monitoring device 2 of the present embodiment, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, the detection circuits 21 and 22 and the microcomputers 23 and 24 of the battery monitoring device 2 of the first embodiment. An apparatus abnormality can be detected.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, an example in which a part of the apparatus abnormality determination process is changed with respect to the second embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, description of the same or equivalent parts as in the first and second embodiments will be omitted or simplified.

  In the apparatus abnormality determination process executed by the main microcomputer 23 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, first, the battery voltage of each battery cell 10 detected by the main detection circuit 21 is changed to the battery voltage (second detection unit). It converts into the voltage of each battery block CB1-CBn) (S170). Since the subsequent processing contents are the same as those in the second embodiment, description thereof will be omitted.

  On the other hand, in the apparatus abnormality determination process executed by the sub-microcomputer 24 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, first, the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 is converted from the main microcomputer 23 into the battery voltage for each second detection unit. A conversion result is acquired (S267). Then, it is determined whether or not the battery voltage for each second detection unit acquired from the main controller 23 is different from the battery voltage for each second detection unit detected by the sub-detection circuit 22 (S268).

  Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, according to the battery monitoring device 2 of the present embodiment, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, the detection circuits 21 and 22 and the microcomputers 23 and 24 of the battery monitoring device 2 of the first embodiment. An apparatus abnormality can be detected.

  In the present embodiment, the sub-microcomputer 24 acquires a conversion result obtained by converting the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 into the battery voltage for each second detection unit from the main microcomputer 23. According to this, while reducing the processing load by the submicrocomputer 24, the increase in the communication amount between the main microcomputer 23 and the submicrocomputer 24 can be suppressed.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, description of the same or equivalent parts as in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the main microcomputer 23 and the sub-detection are detected with respect to the main microcomputer 23 so that the main microcomputer 23 can acquire the detection results of the battery voltages of the detection circuits 21 and 23. Each of the circuits 22 is connected.

  Similarly, each of the main detection circuit 21 and the sub detection circuit 22 is connected to the sub microcomputer 24 so that the sub microcomputer 24 can acquire the detection result of the battery voltage of each of the detection circuits 21 and 23. .

  Moreover, when each microcomputer 23, 24 of this embodiment determines that the apparatus is abnormal in the apparatus abnormality determination process, the detection result of the battery voltage of each detection circuit 21, 22 is changed to the battery voltage acquired from another microcomputer. Based on this, it is configured to identify the cause of the device abnormality.

  Specifically, the main microcomputer 23 acquires the conversion result obtained by converting the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 into the battery voltage for each second detection unit, the detection result of the battery voltage of the sub detection circuit 22, and the sub microcomputer 24. The battery voltage for each second detection unit is compared to identify the cause of the device abnormality.

  A specific example of the process for identifying the cause of the device abnormality in the main microcomputer 23 will be described. In the main microcomputer 23, the conversion result of the detection result of the main detection circuit 21, the detection result of the battery voltage of the sub detection circuit 22, and the sub When the battery voltage for every 2nd detection unit acquired from the microcomputer 24 corresponds, it specifies that apparatus abnormality originates in abnormality of the main microcomputer 23. FIG.

  If the conversion result of the detection result of the main detection circuit 21, the detection result of the battery voltage of the sub detection circuit 22, and one of the battery voltages for each second detection unit acquired from the sub microcomputer 24 do not coincide, Is determined to be caused by a device malfunction that does not match the results.

  That is, when the conversion result of the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 does not coincide with other results, it is specified that the device abnormality is caused by the abnormality of the main detection circuit 21. Further, when the detection result of the battery voltage of the sub detection circuit 22 does not coincide with other results, it is specified that the device abnormality is caused by the abnormality of the sub detection circuit 22. Further, when the battery voltage for each second detection unit acquired from the sub-microcomputer 24 does not match other results, it is specified that the device abnormality is caused by the abnormality of the sub-microcomputer 24.

  The sub-microcomputer 24 converts the detection result of the main detection circuit 21 into a battery voltage for each second detection unit, the detection result of the battery voltage of the sub-detection circuit 22, and the second detection acquired from the sub-microcomputer 24. The battery voltage for each unit is compared to identify the cause of the device abnormality. Note that the concept of identifying the cause of the device abnormality in the sub-microcomputer 24 is the same as the processing of the main microcomputer 23, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, according to the battery monitoring device 2 of the present embodiment, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, in addition to the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1, the detection circuits 21 and 22 and the microcomputers 23 and 24 of the battery monitoring device 2 of the first embodiment. An apparatus abnormality can be detected.

  In addition to this, in the present embodiment, the microcomputers 23 and 24 are configured to be able to acquire the detection results of the battery voltages of the detection circuits 21 and 23 and to identify the cause of the device abnormality. Thereby, the battery abnormality of the assembled battery 1 and the device abnormality of each detection circuit 21 and 22 and each microcomputer 23 and 24 can be subdivided and specified.

  In the present embodiment, the microcomputers 23 and 24 are configured so that the detection results of the battery voltages of the detection circuits 21 and 23 can be acquired, and an example of identifying the cause of the device abnormality has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. . For example, one of the microcomputers 23 and 24 can be configured to acquire the detection result of the battery voltage of each of the detection circuits 21 and 23, and the one microcomputer can identify the cause of the device abnormality. Good.

(Other embodiments)
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, In the range described in the claim, it can change suitably. For example, various modifications are possible as follows.

  (1) In each of the above-described embodiments, an example is described in which the battery voltage detection unit by the main detection circuit 21 is one battery cell 10 and the battery voltage detection units by the sub detection circuit 22 are battery blocks CB1 to CBn. However, it is not limited to this. If the number of battery cells 10 that the sub-detection circuit 22 uses as a detection unit is smaller than the number of battery cells 10 that the main detection circuit 21 uses as a detection unit, the detection units of the detection circuits 21 and 22 The number of battery cells 10 to be set may be set to an arbitrary number.

  (2) In each of the above-described embodiments, the apparatus abnormality is detected based on the difference in the monitoring information such as the battery abnormality monitoring result held by the microcomputers 23 and 24 and the battery voltage detection result of the detection circuits 21 and 22. Although an example has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the apparatus abnormality may be detected based on the difference in the monitoring information such as the remaining capacity of the assembled battery calculated by the microcomputers 23 and 24 and the determination result of overcharge or overdischarge.

  (3) In the second and third embodiments described above, in each of the microcomputers 23 and 24, the battery voltage detected by the main detection circuit 21 is converted into a battery voltage for each second detection unit, and the converted battery voltage is Although the example compared with the battery voltage detected by the sub detection circuit 22 was demonstrated, it is not limited to this. For example, in each microcomputer 23, 24, the battery voltage detected by each detection circuit 21 may be converted into a battery voltage for each predetermined reference unit, and the converted battery voltages may be compared. For example, the battery voltage detected by each detection circuit 21 can be converted into the battery voltage for each reference unit by the ratio of the reference unit to each detection unit of each detection circuit 21, 22 (reference unit / each detection unit). it can.

  (4) As in the above-described embodiments, in order to simplify the internal configuration of the battery monitoring device 2, the detection performance of the physical quantity indicating the battery state of the assembled battery 1 in the sub detection circuit 22 is the same as that in the main detection circuit 21. Although it is desirable to make it lower than the detection performance of the physical quantity which shows the battery state of the assembled battery 1, it is not limited to this, It is good also as equivalent detection performance.

  (5) In each of the above-described embodiments, an example in which the cell voltage detection circuit 211a of the main detection circuit 21 is configured by an AD conversion type voltage detection circuit and the sub detection circuit 22 is configured by a flying capacitor type voltage detection circuit will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other voltage detection circuits may be used. As another type of circuit, for example, a resistance voltage dividing type voltage detection circuit using a resistance voltage dividing circuit, a reference voltage serving as a threshold is compared with a cell voltage or a block voltage, and the battery pack 1 is excessive. A detection circuit using a threshold determination method for detecting charging or overdischarge can be employed.

  (6) As in the above-described embodiments, in order to simplify the internal configuration of the battery monitoring device 2, it is desirable to configure the sub-microcomputer 24 with a microcomputer having a lower processing capacity than the main microcomputer 23. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it may be constituted by a microcomputer having an equivalent processing capacity.

  (7) As in the above-described embodiments, in order to simplify the internal configuration of the battery monitoring device 2, the configuration related to the state control of the assembled battery 1 is executed by the main microcomputer 23 and not executed by the sub-microcomputer 24. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the processing related to the state control of the assembled battery 1 may be executed by each of the microcomputers 23 and 24.

  (8) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the battery voltage of the assembled battery 1 is detected by the detection circuits 21 and 22 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the battery temperature of the assembled battery 1 may be monitored by the detection circuits 21 and 22.

  In this case, the assembled battery 1 is provided with a temperature sensor that detects a cell temperature for each battery cell 10 and a temperature sensor that detects a block temperature for each of the battery blocks CB1 to CBn.

  The main detection circuit 21 detects the cell temperature and the sub detection circuit 22 detects the block temperature. Based on the detection results of the detection circuits 21 and 22, the microcomputers 23 and 24 detect the temperature abnormality of the assembled battery 1. While monitoring, it is only necessary to detect the device abnormality based on the difference in the monitoring result of the temperature abnormality by the microcomputers 23 and 24.

  (9) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the main detection circuit 21 is configured by the plurality of monitoring ICs 211 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the main detection circuit 21 may be configured by a single integrated circuit or other than the integrated circuit. Or may be configured.

  (10) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the sub detection circuit 22 is configured by a flying capacitor type voltage detection circuit that detects a block voltage using the single capacitor 222 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the sub detection circuit 22 may be configured by a flying capacitor type voltage detection circuit that detects a block voltage using two or more capacitors 222.

  (11) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the microcomputers 23 and 24 set the abnormality flag when detecting the abnormality of the assembled battery 1 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. , 24 may notify the host controller when an abnormality of the assembled battery 1 is detected.

  (12) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the battery monitoring device 2 of the present invention is applied to the assembled battery 1 mounted on the vehicle has been described. However, the embodiment may be applied to the assembled battery 1 used other than the vehicle. .

  (13) The above-described embodiments are not irrelevant to each other, and can be appropriately combined unless the combination is clearly impossible.

  (14) In each of the above-described embodiments, the elements constituting the embodiment are not necessarily essential unless explicitly stated as essential and clearly considered essential in principle. Needless to say.

  (15) In each of the above-described embodiments, when numerical values such as the number, numerical value, quantity, range, etc. of the constituent elements of the embodiment are mentioned, the specific number is clearly specified when clearly indicated as essential. It is not limited to the specific number except when limited to.

  (16) In each of the above-described embodiments, when referring to the shape, positional relationship, etc. of the constituent elements, etc., unless specifically stated or limited in principle to a specific shape, positional relationship, etc. It is not limited to shape, positional relationship, and the like.

1 assembled battery 10 battery cell 21 main detection circuit (main detection means)
22 Sub detection circuit (sub detection means)
23 Main microcomputer (main controller)
24 Sub-microcomputer (sub-control device)

Claims (12)

A battery monitoring device that is applied to an assembled battery (1) configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells (10) in series, and that monitors at least a specific physical quantity among a plurality of physical quantities indicating a battery state of the assembled battery. Because
Main detection means (21) for detecting one or N (= a positive integer) adjacent battery cells as a detection unit and detecting the specific physical quantity for each detection unit;
A main control device (23) for controlling the main detection means and monitoring a battery abnormality of the assembled battery based on a detection result of the specific physical quantity by the main detection means;
Sub-detection means (22) for detecting the specific physical quantity for each detection unit, with M (= a positive integer) number of battery cells larger than N as detection units;
A sub-control device (24) for controlling the sub-detecting means and monitoring a battery abnormality of the assembled battery based on a detection result of the specific physical quantity by the sub-detecting means,
The main control device and the sub control device are:
The detection timing of the specific physical quantity of the battery cell to be detected by the main detection means, and the specific physical quantity of the cell group including the battery cell to be detected by the main detection means by the sub detection means And is configured to synchronize with the detection timing of
It is connected so as to be able to communicate in both directions so as to share monitoring information including the detection result of the specific physical quantity and the monitoring result of the battery abnormality,
Each of the main control device and the sub control device is based on the difference between the monitoring information in one control device and the monitoring information in the other control device, and the main detection device, the main control device, and the sub detection device. And a battery monitoring device configured to detect a device abnormality of the sub-control device.   Each of the main control device and the sub control device determines that the device is abnormal when the monitoring result of the battery abnormality by the main control device is different from the monitoring result of the battery abnormality by the sub control device. The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 1.   Each of the main control device and the sub control device detects the device abnormality based on the difference between the detection result of the specific physical quantity by the main detection unit and the detection result of the specific physical quantity by the sub detection unit. The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 1. The detection unit of the battery cell for detecting the specific physical quantity in the main detection means is a first detection unit, and the detection unit of the battery cell for detecting the specific physical quantity in the sub-detection means is a second detection unit. When
The main detection means is configured to detect a battery voltage for each first detection unit,
The battery monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the sub-detecting unit is configured to detect a battery voltage for each second detection unit.   The sub control device converts the battery voltage for each first detection unit acquired from the main control device into the battery voltage for each second detection unit, and the converted battery voltage is supplied to the sub detection means. The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the apparatus abnormality is determined when the battery voltage is different from the battery voltage detected for each second detection unit. The main control device converts the battery voltage for each first detection unit detected by the main detection means into the battery voltage for each second detection unit,
The sub control device, when the physical quantity of the battery voltage for each second detection unit acquired from the main control device is different from the battery voltage for each second detection unit detected by the sub detection means, The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein it is determined that the apparatus is abnormal.   The main control device converts the battery voltage for each first detection unit detected by the main detection means into the battery voltage for each second detection unit, and the converted battery voltage is the sub-control device. 7. The battery monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein the device abnormality is determined when the battery voltage differs from the second detection unit acquired from the second detection unit. The main controller is
In addition to the main detection unit, the sub detection unit is configured to be able to acquire a detection result of the specific physical quantity,
When it is determined that the apparatus is abnormal, the detection result of the specific physical quantity acquired from the main detection unit, the detection result of the specific physical quantity acquired from the sub detection unit, and the specific detection acquired from the sub control unit Comparing physical quantities, the apparatus is configured to detect whether the apparatus abnormality is caused by the main detection means, the sub detection means, the main control apparatus, or the sub control apparatus. The battery monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The sub-control device
In addition to the sub-detecting means, the detection result of the specific physical quantity by the main detecting means can be acquired,
When it is determined that the apparatus is abnormal, the detection result of the specific physical quantity acquired from the main detection unit, the detection result of the specific physical quantity acquired from the sub detection unit, and the specific detection acquired from the main control unit Comparing physical quantities, the apparatus is configured to detect whether the apparatus abnormality is caused by the main detection means, the sub detection means, the main control apparatus, or the sub control apparatus. The battery monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.   The main control device and the sub control device have communication ports (231, 241) for transmitting a periodic signal from one control device to the other control device, and the detection timing is synchronized by the periodic signal from the communication port. The battery monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the battery monitoring device is configured to allow the battery monitoring device to operate.   The main control device and the sub control device are configured to synchronize the detection timing using a transmission timing of communication data from one control device to the other control device. Item 10. The battery monitoring device according to any one of Items 1 to 9.   The main control device and the sub-control device are configured to synchronize the detection timing by sharing a control time at the time of activation. The battery monitoring device described in 1.

Images