JP2014013240A - Rf技術を用いた物体の追跡における低減された減衰のための方法およびシステム - Google Patents
Rf技術を用いた物体の追跡における低減された減衰のための方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】より低い周波数範囲のVHFで狭帯域幅信号を使用し、伝搬損失およびRF位置特定信号の精度の低下を最小限に抑える。信号は、マスタユニットからタグまで送信される。信号移動時間が記録され、マスタとタグとの間の距離が計算される。VHF帯域を使用することによって、より長距離のRF信号の透過および正確さの向上を達成する。デジタル信号処理およびソフトウェア規定無線技術が使用される。無線によって送受信される実際の波形は、ソフトウェアによって定められる。マスタユニットおよびタグの役割は、逆にすることができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
のがないラインオブサイトを確立することができる空間において有効である。これによって、良好な三角測量および物体の位置特定ができる。しかし、都市部の回廊、樹木でおおわれた土地、峡谷などの閉環境、および不都合な気象状況では良好に機能しない。このレジームは、建物内部では機能しない。
TRoundTrip=2×TFL+TDS
ここで、TDSは、測距信号がスレーブタグを経て移動してマスタユニットに再送信される際の遅延である。したがって、伝搬時間TFLを知るためには、TDSを正確に知っておかなければならない。
2)http://www.rauma.tut.fi/projects/Kilavi/publication_files/Ali−Rantala.pdf。
E[ε2]=1(ω0 2×SNR)、ここでSNR=E/σn 2 (1)
ここで、σ02は、ノイズエネルギである。式(1)から、高周波数の測距信号(帯域幅)で機能することによって、TOA距離測定分解能を改善することができる(すなわち、時間遅延推定エラーを低減することができる)。
デジタル信号の位相を保つために、DSSS(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum:直接シーケンススペクトル拡散)技術を用いることができる。符号化測距信号は、アナログハードウェアの遅延エラーを数学的に補正することもでき、デジタル符号化および復号化処理全体を、マイクロコントローラ符号、またはFPGA状態機械、あるいはASIC内に常住させることができる。関連する拡散符号は、デジタルチャネルに限定されないが、弱信号、マルチパス効果、フェーディング、またはジャミングに及ぶ実際の条件下で、BER(Bit Error Rate:ビットエラー率)およびEVM(Error Vector Magnitude:エラーベクトルマグニチュード)を高める、一般的な通信技術(レイク、ビタビ、リード/ソロモン、OFDM、エラー補正など)も有効にする。信号シーケンスは、暗号化して、ターゲットシステムの位置特定が惑わされないようにすることもできる。測距信号は、そのデータによって部分的に符号化して、システム通信またはユニット間のユーザ通信を支援することもできる。
信号の振幅の減少(または増加)、および
信号レベルが一定である地点。
TFL=T1−T0−ΔTDS (2)
ここで、T0は、マスタユニットによって生成される基準ベースバンド測距信号波形の「重心」時間値(原点)である。
ΔTDS=TDS−TDM
TDMおよびTDS時間は、以下を含む固定時間遅延値である。マスタおよびスレーブの(RxからTx)/(TxからRx)トランシーバ40/100の切り替え時間、ベースバンド測距シーケンスの継続時間、および測距信号の伝搬遅延、およびトランシーバ40/100およびFPGA 60/120の信号処理回路によるこれらの遅延の変動。概念的には、TDMはTDSに等しい。なお、24の直流成分サンプルを収集する場合、マスタおよびタグの遅延(TDMおよびTDS)は、24のサンプリング間隔で異なっていなければならず、その合計は本発明では24μsに等しい。
TFL=T1−T0−k×TDS−TDM (3)
別様には、TFL値は、次式のように決定することができる。
TFL=T1−k×TDS (4)
ここで、T1はマスタのFPGA 60によってカウントされ、T1のカウントは、測距シーケンスの第1の単一のインスタンスがマスタのFPGA 60によって送信された時間から始まる。T1は送信元マスタユニットによってカウントされ、TDSはスレーブまたは他のマスタによってカウントされる。
NEMAデータを受け入れるようにインターフェースすることができる。ネットワーク内の他のユニットは、GPS基準点に対する相対的な位置を正確に認識し、それら自体の仮想的なGPS位置を計算する。本システムは、鮮明な視界ではないが、マスタ/スレーブユニットの無線到達距離内にある領域において、GPSのような正確さを提供するという利点を有する。
Claims (6)
- それぞれがRFトランシーバを有し、タグにインターフェースするように適合された複数のマスタユニットを備えるRFベースの物体の追跡及び位置特定のためのシステムであって、
前記タグは、RFトランシーバを有し、前記複数のマスタユニットにインターフェースするように適合され、
前記複数のマスタユニットのうち1つのマスタユニットは残りのマスタユニットに測距信号シーケンスを送信する送信元マスタユニットとして動作し、前記残りのマスタユニットは前記送信元マスタユニットの制御下で動作する衛星マスタユニットとして動作し、
前記タグは、前記衛星マスタユニットどうしの差動到着時間(DTOA)対によって生成された第1の測距信号シーケンス、及び前記送信元マスタユニットと1以上の前記衛星マスタユニットからなるDTOA対によって生成された第2の測距信号シーケンスをモニターし、
前記タグは、前記第1の測距信号シーケンスのための第1のDTOA及び前記第2の測距信号シーケンスのための第2のDTOAを決定し、
前記タグは、前記第1のDTOA及び前記第2のDTOAに基づいて、前記タグから少なくとも3つの前記マスタユニットまでの距離を測定することにより、前記タグの位置を決定することを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記複数のマスタユニット及び前記タグが、VHF帯域の範囲内及び該帯域以下の前記第1の測距信号シーケンス及び前記第2の測距信号シーケンスを送受信することを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 1以上の前記複数のマスタユニットはまた、タグとして動作することを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の測距信号シーケンス及び前記第2の測距信号シーケンスが、
RXベースバンド測距信号と、
RXベースバンド音声信号と、
RXベースバンドデータ信号と
のうちのいずれかを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記タグはまた、前記第1の測距信号シーケンスに基づいて第1の到達時間(TOA)を決定するとともに、前記第2の測距信号シーケンスに基づいて第2のTOAを決定し、前記第1のTOA及び前記第2のTOAに基づいて前記タグの位置を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の測距信号シーケンス及び前記第2の測距信号シーケンスは、VHF帯域以下の狭帯域幅信号であって、前記タグは、デジタル信号処理(DSP)およびソフトウェア規定無線(SDR)技術を使用して前記タグの位置を決定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
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US11/610,595 US7561048B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2006-12-14 | Methods and system for reduced attenuation in tracking objects using RF technology |
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US9288623B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2016-03-15 | Invisitrack, Inc. | Multi-path mitigation in rangefinding and tracking objects using reduced attenuation RF technology |
US7561048B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2009-07-14 | Invisitrack, Inc. | Methods and system for reduced attenuation in tracking objects using RF technology |
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WO2007136419A2 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
EP1960977A4 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
KR101305386B1 (ko) | 2013-09-06 |
US20070139200A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1960977A2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
WO2007136419A3 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
JP2016105102A (ja) | 2016-06-09 |
KR20080086889A (ko) | 2008-09-26 |
US7561048B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 |
JP2009520193A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
JP2018081109A (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
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