JP2013513648A - TiO2のナノ粒子を含んでなる組成物 - Google Patents
TiO2のナノ粒子を含んでなる組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
2)滲出物の吸収 − 1個所に含まれる血液、血漿及びその他の創傷から滲出する液体を吸い取る。
3)疼痛の緩和 − ある種の包帯は疼痛寛解効果を有していて、その他のものはプラセボ効果を有している。
4)創傷の壊死組織除去(debridement)− かさぶた及び異物の除去。
5)感染、炎症及び機械的損傷からの防御。
6)治癒の促進 − 肉芽化及び上皮形成による。
・親水コロイド創傷包帯 − ペクチン、ゼラチン、カルボキシメチルセルローセナトリウム及び最後にエラストマーの混合物からなる防水性閉鎖包帯を言う。
この包帯は、かさぶたであるか、又は壊死性である創傷を壊死組織除去するために、自己分解を促進する環境を確保するものである。
・親水ファイバー創傷包帯 − 完全親水コロイドから作製された高度に吸収性の創傷包帯。ここでは、親水コロイドをファイバーに紡糸し、ニードルしてシート又はリボン形態の軟質、非織、フリース様包帯を作り出す。抗菌効果は銀で増幅される。親水ファイバーは、アルギン酸塩包帯の代替品であると考えられる。
・ヒドロゲル創傷包帯 − 表在又は低滲出性の創傷に使用されるシート又はゲル形態の包帯。このヒドロゲルは窩洞には理想的であり、創傷の皮膚脱落及び壊死組織除去に有効である。
・フォーム創傷包帯 − 非接着性であり、そして、二次包帯としての利用に加えて、大量の滲出物を吸収し得るポリウレタンから指示される包帯につけられた名称。このフォーム包帯は、防水性裏打ち材と一緒に、木炭を含浸させて利用され得る。
・透明創傷包帯 − 一般に二次包帯として使用される吸収性が限定されている柔軟性のある包帯。
生体吸収性貼付剤、灌注剤、包帯、ヒドロゲル包帯、親水コロイド包帯、フィルム、フォーム、シート、帯具(bandages)、硬膏剤、送達デバイス、インプラント、
スプレー剤、エアゾール剤、吸入デバイス、
ゲル、ヒドロゲル、パスタ剤、軟膏剤、クリーム剤、石鹸、坐剤、膣剤、
液剤、分散剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、混合剤、ローション、シャンプー、浣腸剤、
及びその他の適当な形態、例えばインプラント又はインプラントの被覆又は埋植また移植に関連して使用するのに適した形態。
意外なことには、過酸化水素(H2O2)中の懸濁液の二酸化チタンナノ粒子はH2O2で活性化された。TiO2ナノ粒子とH2O2との間の相乗効果が際立っていた。反応を触媒するのに紫外線(UV)照射は必要ではなかった。創製された懸濁液を数種の材料について試験した。一旦活性化されると、粒子は遊離ラジカルを曝し、これらのラジカルが懸濁液の抗汚損及び抗微生物特性の理由であると考えられる。
メチレンブルー(MB)は、分子式:C16H18N3SClを有する複素環芳香族化合物である(Aldrich Sigma Aldrich,Oslo, Norway)。このものは様々な分野、例えば生物学及び化学の分野の領域で多くの用途を有している。MBは有機材料を例示し、何件かの刊行物にみられるように、細菌をシミュレーションする薬剤として使用することができ、TiO2の分解性を検討するときに普通に使用されている。従って、MBの分解は、有機物、例えば細菌、或いは死滅、損傷及び/又は感染組織のインビボ分解のモデルとして使用することができる。室温では、このものは固体、無臭、暗緑色粉末であり、水に溶解すると、青色の溶液となる。溶液で分解すると、メチレンブルーは無色になる。メチレンブルーを紫外・可視分光法で分析すると(Lambda 25,Perkin Elmer,USA)、このものは690cmで光を吸収する。この機器は、MBの分解を定量するのに使用した。
目的は、メチレンブルーがTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)ナノ粒子のみで、H2O2又はUV照射なしで、分解し得るかどうかを測定することであった。それで、H2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)を増加した濃度で最大濃度15容量%まで懸濁液に加えた。実験操作は実施例1に説明したのと同じであった。
結果を図2に示す。TiO2のみを0.5g/LでMBと混合すると、分解は殆ど見られなかった。5容量%濃度のH2O2の添加はMBの分解を増大した。懸濁液中のH2O2の濃度の増大は直線様式でMBの分解を増大した。H2O2の濃度の増大はH2O2なしの4.9から15容量%のH2O2の存在下の3.3にpHを減少させた。TiO2単独では、MB分子を分解することはできず:H2O2は、この目的を達成するのに存在していなければならない。
実施例1及び2から、H2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway) 及びTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)の濃度を、この相乗効果を使用するが、同様に生理学的環境([H2O2]<6容量%及びpH>3)で使用できるような懸濁液を創製するために、選択した。
目的は、NaCl及びNaF塩が選択された懸濁液に導入されたときに、更にMB分解を増大させるか否かを知るためであった。
結果を図3に示す。
興味深いことは、懸濁液をNaClでドーピングすると、H2O2及びTiO2のみを伴う懸濁液と比較して半分だけMB分解を減少させた。NaF(Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)でのドーピングは、MB分解の低減が更に強化し、H2O2及びTiO2のみを伴う懸濁液と比較して、殆どの場合この分解の発現を防止した。
NaF(Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)及びNaCl(Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)塩によるH2O2/TiO2懸濁液のドーピングはMB分解を増大させなかった。
創傷治癒でのpHは重要な因子であり、懸濁液のpHは様々のTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)濃度及びその他の添加成分によって変えることができる。実験室用pHメーター(pH Meter Lab 850 Set with
Blueline 14pH Electrode, Scott Glass Ltd, Stafford, UK)を使用して様々な溶液のpHを測定した。以下は、所定の濃度後に得られたpHのリストである :
1. 5容量% H202 及び1.6g/L 1.6g/L Ti02 の混合物は pH=4.4 ± 0.1となった。
2. 5容量% H202 + 1.6 g/L NaCIの混合物は pH = 5.2 ± 0.1となった。
3. 5容量% H202 2 + 1.6 g/L NaF の混合物は pH = 6.1 ± 0.0となった。
4. 5容量% H202 + 1.6g/L NaCI + 1.6g/L Ti02 の混合物は pH = A 4.2 ±
0.1となった。
5. 5容量% H202 + 1 .6g/L NaF + 1.6g/L Ti02 の混合物は pH = 5.9 ± 0.0となった。
種々の供試懸濁液の範囲は4.2から6.1までとなった。
実施例1及び2からのTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)2g/L及びH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)5容量%の溶液を、より高い粘度を得るために、TiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)のより多くの量を添加することによって変性した。
懸濁液は1000g/Lで濃厚なスラリーとなった。
この実施例では、活性化TiO2ナノ粒子の抗菌能力を記載する。
細菌:
黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)は、広範囲の感染症の原因となる重要なヒトの共生かつ日和見病原体である。これらの細菌は、術後感染の原因となる最もよく知られた細菌の一つである。それで、黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)を本実験では選択する。手順:
創傷包帯を小さい正方形(5x5mm2)に裁断する。
この実施例では、活性化TiO2ナノ粒子の抗菌能力を記載する。
細菌:
緑膿菌細菌は、広範囲の感染症の原因となる日和見病原体であり、慢性の創傷によく見られる。
手順:
創傷包帯を小さい正方形(5x5mm2)に裁断する。
三つの創傷包帯の抗菌効果を、0.5、1.6及び20g/LでTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)と混合される3.5及び25容量%のH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)の懸濁液で処理する。比較対照は、懸濁液を有していない5容量%のH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)のみで処理した創傷包帯である。
この実施例では、活性化TiO2ナノ粒子の抗菌能力を記載する。
細菌:
大腸菌は、慢性の創傷に時折存在するものである。
手順:
創傷包帯を小さい正方形(5x5mm2)に裁断する。
三つの創傷包帯の抗菌効果を、0.5、1.6及び20g/LでTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)と混合される3.5及び25容量%のH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)の懸濁液で処理する。比較対照は、懸濁液を有していない5容量%のH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)のみで処理した創傷包帯である。
これらの創傷包帯は、E.coliのブロスからの500μlを装填した懸濁液を混合する前に、PBS(Dulbecco’s PBS,Sigma−Aldrich,St Louis,MO,USA)4mlで希釈する(原液)。この原液10μlの1滴を創傷包帯の頂部に載せる。一旦試験グループの紫外線暴露が到達すると、創傷包帯の小正方形を、Invitrogen(GIBCO MEM,Invitrogen,Carlbad,CA,USA)からの細胞培養培地(抗生物質を含まない)500μlの入った1.5mlEppendorf チューブに個別に入れる。創傷包帯及び細菌の入ったEppendorfチューブを全て暗所、37℃,20時間恒温器に入れる。20時間後に、全ての試料を恒温器から取り出す。スペクトロメーター(Perkin Elmer UV−Vis 200,Oslo,Norway)で、細胞培地700μlのみでこのベースラインについて検量する。次いで、細胞培地500μl+原液10μlのみ入った3個のEppendorfチューブを分析する。次いで、試験管を一本ずつ振盪し、そして各試験管から400μlの容量を細胞培地300μlと混合する。液体700μlを分析のために1.5mlキュベットに入れた。
この実施例では、活性化TiO2ナノ粒子の抗菌能力を記載する。
細菌:
黄色ブドウ球菌(S.aureus)は、広範囲の感染症の原因となる重要なヒトの共生かつ日和見病原体である。これらの細菌は、術後感染の原因となる最もよく知られた細菌の一つである。それで、S.aureusを本実験では選択する。
手順:
創傷包帯を小さい正方形(5x5mm2)に裁断する。
三つの創傷包帯の抗菌効果を、1.6g/LでTiO2(Aeroxide P25,Evonik AG,Essen,Germany)と混合される5容量%のH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)の懸濁液で処理する。更に、この懸濁液を表面層で0.01,0.5,1及び3原子重量%のフッ素でドーピングする。ドーピングは等量のNaFを懸濁液に加えることによって行う。表面のフッ素の量は、X線スペクトロメトリー(XPS)で検知し、定量する。比較対照は、懸濁液を有していない5容量%のH2O2(PERDROGEN(R) 30% H202 (w/w), Sigma Aldrich AS, Oslo, Norway)のみで処理した創傷包帯である。
これらの創傷包帯は、S.aurerusのブロスからの500μlを装填した懸濁液を混合する前に、PBS(Dulbecco’s PBS,Sigma−Aldrich,St Louis,MO,USA)4mlで希釈する(原液)。この原液10μlの1滴を創傷包帯の頂部に載せる。一旦試験グループの紫外線暴露が到達すると、創傷包帯の小正方形を、Invitrogen(GIBCO MEM,Invitrogen,Carlbad,CA,USA)からの細胞培養培地(抗生物質を含まない)500μlの入った1.5mlEppendorf チューブに個別に入れる。創傷包帯及び細菌の入ったEppendorfチューブを全て暗所、37℃,20時間恒温器に入れる。20時間後に、全ての試料を恒温器から取り出す。スペクトロメーター(Perkin Elmer UV−Vis 200,Oslo,Norway)で、細胞培地700μlのみでこのベースラインについて検量する。次いで、細胞培地500μl+原液10μlのみ入った3個のEppendorfチューブを分析する。次いで、試験管を一本ずつ振盪し、そして各試験管から400μlの容量を細胞培地300μlと混合する。液体700μlを分析のために1.5mlキュベットに入れた。
この実施例では、活性化TiO2ナノ粒子の抗菌能力を記載する。
インビトロ試験:洗浄後のバイオマス評価
試料調製
直径6.2mm及び高さ2mmの化学的に純粋な(cp)チタンディスクを使用した。これらのディスクは同じような機械加工表面トポグラフィー(リプルを伴って変えられた)有した。
製作後、ディスクを40容量%のNaCl、50容量%のHNO3で超音波浴によって洗浄して、汚染物を除去し、次いで脱イオン化水で洗浄して中性のpHとし、そして70容量%エタノール中室温で保存した。その後に、コインをeppendorfチューブに入れ、滅菌のために蒸気オートクレーブ処理した。
4種の化学汚染除去剤をインビトロ試験のために選択した:滅菌生理食塩水H2O(VWR,Oslo,Norway)、クロルヘキサジン、3容量%H2O2(VWR,Oslo,Norway)、3容量%H2O2と2g/L TiO2の混合物(2g ナノ粒子:
P25 Aeroxide,Degussa Evonik,Evonik Industries AG,Esssen,Germany)。
グループ当り15個の滅菌チタンディスクを接種した。比較対照グループは、ブレインハートインヒュージョン培地(BHI)のみで接種し、一方試験グループ(4グループ)は、細菌培養物(10μl Staphylococcus epidermis+5mlDHI)で接種した。インキュベーション時間は、好気性雰囲気中35℃で24時間に設定した。次に、ディスクを新しいウエルに移し、滅菌生理食塩水で洗滌し、次に4種の選択された化学薬剤に2分間暴露し、次いで滅菌生理食塩水で再び洗滌した。チタン試料の表面に存在するバイオフィルムの量はサフラニン染色法を使用して評価した:サフラニンの0.1%溶液に10分暴露し、次いで蒸留水で洗滌し、風乾し、そして30%酢酸溶液に暴露してチタン表面から着色したバイオマスを遊離させた。染色の強度を、530nmの波長でSynergy HT Multi−Detection Microplate Reader (Biotek,VT,USA)を使用して分析した。
Synergy HT Multi−Detection Microplate Readerでの光学濃度から、3容量%H2O2と2g/L TiO2の混合物に暴露した試料は、比較対照よりも顕著には相違していないことを示した。また、このグループの試料は、3%H2O2の単独溶液で洗浄した後は、顕著に一層低いバイオマスを示した(図5)。
この実施例では、殺菌後のバイオフィルム再成長の防止における活性化TiO2ナノ粒子の抗菌能力を記載する。
殺菌後のバイオフィルムの生存度を測定するために、別の試験を行う。この方法は、同じ4種の製品を使用して、接種から殺菌までの上記実施例10で行ったサフラニン染色分析と同様である。しかしながら、今回は、殺菌工程後、試料をNaClで洗滌し、そして純粋なBHI培地中4時間35℃で再びインキュベーションする。培地を採取し、サフラニン染色分析と同様の分光光度計を使用して分析する(今回は、600nmの波長)。吸光度の強度を比較対照グループと試験グループとの間で比較する。
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Claims (30)
- 約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約20〜50nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物。
- TiO2 の濃度が約3〜10g/L、好ましくは約4〜8g/Lである請求項1に記載の組成物。
- H2O2の濃度が約3〜25容量%、好ましくは約4〜20容量%、更に好ましくは約5〜15容量%である請求項1又は2に記載の組成物
- TiO2 のナノ粒子が約20〜30nm、例えば約20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29及び30nmの平均粒径(D50)を有する請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1g/Lの濃度で約20〜50nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜7.5容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記TiO2 のナノ粒子が表面層で0.01〜5原子質量%のフッ素を有する請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、さらに乳化剤、例えばポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノラウレート、ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノパルミテート、ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタン、ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノオレエート、PEG化誘導ソルビタン及び/又は非PEG化ソルビタン及び/又はそのいずれの組合せの一種又はそれ以上を含んでなる請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、さらに保湿剤、例えばグリシン、プロピレングリコール(E1520)及びグリセリルトリアセテート(E1518)、ソルビトールのようなポリオール(E420)、キシリトール及びマンニトール(E965)、ポリデキストロースのような高分子ポリオール(E1200)又はキラヤのような天然抽出物(E999)、乳酸、尿素及び/又はこれらのいずれの組合せの一種又はそれ以上を含んでなる請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、さらにゲル化剤、例えばアルギン酸(E400)、アルギン酸ナトリウム(E401)、アルギン酸カリウム(E402)、アルギン酸アンモニウム(E403)、アルギン酸カルシウム(E404)、寒天(E406)、カラゲニン(E407)、ローカストビーンガム(E410)、ペクチン(E440)、ゼラチン(E441)、ポリオキシエチレン ポリオキシプロピレン ブロックコポリマー及び/又はそれらのいずれかの組合せの一種又はそれ以上を含んでなる請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 医薬用途のための請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 微生物の成長を防止するための医薬組成物の製造のための請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 微生物の成長を防止するのに使用するための請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 創傷壊死組織除去のための医薬組成物の製造のための約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は創傷壊死組織除去に使用するための請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含んでなる組成物。
- 炎症を局所的に軽減するための医薬組成物の製造のための約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 炎症を局所的に軽減するために使用するための約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 微生物の成長の防止及び創傷壊死組織除去を同時に行うための医薬組成物の製造のための約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 微生物の成長の防止及び創傷壊死組織除去を同時に行うのに使用するための約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含んでなる創傷内部及び/又は周囲の微生物の成長を防止する方法。
- 約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含んでなる創傷の壊死組織除去を行う方法。
- 約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含んでなる創傷内部及び/又は周囲の局所的炎症を治療及び/又は軽減する方法。
- 約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含んでなる微生物の成長の防止及び創傷内部及び/又は周囲の壊死組織除去を同時に行う方法。
- 約1〜2000g/Lの濃度で約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子及び約2.5〜25容量%の最終濃度のH2O2を含んでなる組成物、又は請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含んでなる医薬製品又はデバイス及び/又は化粧製品又はデバイス。
- 前記デバイスが湿性創傷包帯である請求項23に記載の医薬デバイス。
- 前記製品が創傷壊死組織除去製品である請求項23に記載の医薬製品。
- 前記製品がクリーム剤又は軟膏剤である請求項23に記載の医薬製品。
- 前記製品がシャンプー又は脱臭剤である請求項23に記載の医薬製品。
- 約3〜150nmの平均粒径(D50)を有するTiO2 のナノ粒子を含んでなる第一の容器及びH2O2 を含んでなる第二の容器を含んでなるキット。
- 前記TiO2 のナノ粒子が約20〜50nmの平均粒径(D50)を有し、前記H2O2と混合すると、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を提供する請求項28に記載のキット。
- 前記TiO2 のナノ粒子を前記H2O2と混合する工程を含んでなる請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の製造方法。
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PCT/EP2010/069808 WO2011080080A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | COMPOSITION COMPRISING NANOPARTICLES OF TiO2 |
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US (2) | US20120308623A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2515956B8 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013513648A (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2515956T3 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2011080080A1 (ja) |
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KR20180104386A (ko) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-21 | 동국대학교 산학협력단 | 다기능성 바이오나노복합 하이드로겔, 그의 제조방법 및 그의 용도 |
KR102068173B1 (ko) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-02-12 | 동국대학교 산학협력단 | 다기능성 바이오나노복합 하이드로겔, 그의 제조방법 및 그의 용도 |
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CN113289053A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-24 | 广州贝奥吉因生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种负载二维材料和纳米颗粒的抗菌水凝胶伤口敷料及制备方法 |
CN113289053B (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-05-20 | 广州贝奥吉因生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种负载二维材料和纳米颗粒的抗菌水凝胶伤口敷料及制备方法 |
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US20120308623A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
DK2515956T3 (en) | 2016-06-27 |
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ES2576132T3 (es) | 2016-07-05 |
EP2515956B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
EP2515956A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
US20150132391A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
EP2515956B8 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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