JP2013136012A - Method and apparatus for separating and recovering co2 from waste gas - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and apparatus for safely separating and recovering COof high purity from waste gas at a low cost in low energy consumption.SOLUTION: The method for separating and recovering COof high purity from the waste gas includes a first step in which a CO-containing waste gas is brought into contact with MgO to form MgCOto remove COfrom the waste gas; and a second step in which the MgCOformed in the first step is heated and decomposed to be separated into MgO and COto recover them. The MgO recovered in the second step is recycled as MgO used in the first step. The heat formed in the first step may be used as the heat source of the thermal decomposition of the MgCO. The heating of the second step may be performed using the heat of the waste gas.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating and recovering carbon dioxide (referred to as “CO ₂ ” herein) from waste gas using magnesium oxide (referred to as “MgO” herein) as a medium.

Conventional techniques for separating and recovering CO ₂ include a physical adsorption method using an adsorbent such as zeolite, a membrane separation method using a CO ₂ gas permeable membrane, and a chemical recovery method in which CO ₂ is absorbed using an amine. There is.

However, the physical adsorption method has a low CO ₂ selectivity, and it is necessary to treat waste gas at high temperature, high humidity or high pressure, and management of treatment conditions is complicated and consumes a lot of energy. There is. The membrane separation method has the disadvantages that the CO ₂ recovery rate is low, the membrane material is expensive and inferior in durability. Chemical recovery methods, there are toxicity problems amines, also when the recovery of CO ₂ from the solution that has absorbed CO _2, it is necessary to heat the solution, a complicated temperature control, consume a lot of energy There is a drawback of doing.

Conventionally, it has been proposed to react a waste gas containing CO ₂ with MgO and recover it as magnesium carbonate (referred to as “MgCO ₃ ” in the present specification), but immobilizing CO ₂ as MgCO ₃ Is not disclosed, and nothing is disclosed about the separation and recovery of CO ₂ from MgCO ₃ (see Patent Document 1). Further, in the method of decarboxylation by contacting the waste gas with a decarbonation agent composed of MgO, it has been proposed to regenerate the MgO by bringing the decarbonation agent into contact with air at a normal pressure of 700 ° C. No attention is paid to recovering the discharged CO ₂ (see Patent Document 2).

JP 2009-234829 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-4090

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus that can safely separate and recover CO ₂ with high purity from waste gas at low cost and with low energy consumption.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have used MgO as a medium, reacted with waste gas CO ₂ and recovered it as MgCO ₃ , and then MgCO ₃ and MgO ₃ are further recovered. The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by separating and recovering to CO ₂ and recycling MgO for the above reaction with waste gas, thereby completing the present invention.

That is, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for separating and recovering CO ₂ from waste gas, wherein the waste gas containing CO ₂ is brought into contact with MgO to produce MgCO ₃ from the waste gas. Including a first step of removing CO ₂ and a _second step of thermally decomposing MgCO ₃ produced in the first step to separate and recover each of MgO and CO _2. The method is characterized in that the MgO recovered in step (1) is recycled as MgO used in the first step.

The present invention, according to another aspect, the reaction apparatus an apparatus for separating and recovering CO ₂ from the waste gas, the waste gas containing CO ₂ into contact with the MgO to produce MgCO ₃ (1a) A separator (1b) for separating the produced MgCO ₃ from waste gas, a heating device (2) for thermally decomposing the separated MgCO ₃ to separate and recover each of MgO and CO ₂ , and a recovered And a transport device (25) for transporting and recycling MgO to the reaction device (1a).

According to the present invention, after recovering as MgCO ₃ and the MgO is reacted with CO ₂ waste gas, so it was decided to separate each of MgO and CO ₂ by heating the MgCO _3, the CO ₂ in high purity Can be recovered. Further, since the recovered MgO can be reused for the reaction with the waste gas, it is possible to construct a CO ₂ separation and recovery system using MgO as a medium, and the reaction between MgO and CO ₂ at normal temperature and normal pressure. Since it is an exothermic reaction that proceeds, the generated heat can be reused for heating MgCO ₃ , and CO ₂ can be recovered at low cost and with low energy consumption. Further, since MgO is harmless, according to the present invention, CO ₂ can be separated and recovered with high safety.

An example of a CO ₂ separation and recovery method of the present invention (waste gas temperature 500 ° C. or higher) is a flow diagram showing. It is a flow diagram illustrating another example of a CO ₂ separation and recovery method of the present invention (waste gas temperatures 300 to 350 ° C.). It is a further flow diagram illustrating another example (waste gas temperatures less than 300 ° C.) of the CO ₂ separation and recovery method of the present invention. It is a schematic view showing a CO ₂ separation and recovery device of the present invention.

In the method of the present invention, in the first step, the waste gas containing CO ₂ is brought into contact with MgO to cause the reaction represented by the following reaction formula (1) to occur, and CO ₂ is fixed as MgCO _3. And collect. Thereafter, in the second step, the recovered MgCO ₃ is thermally decomposed and separated into CO ₂ and MgO and recovered as shown in the following reaction formula (2). The recovered MgO is recycled to the reaction of the reaction formula (1), so that resource saving can be achieved. Further, since the reaction formula (1) is an exothermic reaction, this heat can be recovered and used for heating the MgCO ₃ of the reaction formula (2), and energy saving can be achieved. Further, when the waste gas is at a high temperature, the heat of the waste gas can be recovered and used for heating MgCO _{3 in} the reaction formula (2), and in this case, energy saving can also be achieved.

MgO + CO ₂ → MgCO ₃ + ΔH 100.6 kJ / mol (1)
MgCO ₃ → MgO + CO ₂ −ΔH 117.3 kJ / mol (2)

In the first step of the present invention, the waste gas and the MgO particles are usually contacted with MgO using a known solid-gas contact device after the waste gas cooled to 10 to 200 ° C., preferably 50 to 95 ° C. is used. This can be done by contacting them. As the solid-gas contact device, a powder injector can be used. For example, MgO particles can be dispersed by the injector and contacted with waste gas, and then contact between the waste gas and MgO particles can be performed. . The reaction of the reaction formula (1) proceeds only by contacting the waste gas and MgO particles at normal temperature and pressure, so there is no need for operations such as heating, humidification, and pressurization, and it is simpler than conventional CO ₂ separation and recovery methods. Energy saving. The heat generated in the reaction formula (1) can be recycled through a heat exchanger as a heat source for heating MgCO ₃ in the second step of the present invention or as a heat source for other heating devices.

  The particle diameter of the MgO particles used in the present invention is basically desirably 0.5 mm or less.

As MgO, according to the following reaction formula (3) or (4), MgO recovered in the step of producing hydrogen gas by contacting MgH ₂ or Mg with water or water vapor to cause an oxidation reaction is preferably used. Can do. Since MgO generated in such a hydrogen gas production process is generally of high purity, it is convenient for use in the present invention.

MgH ₂ + H ₂ O → MgO + 2H ₂ + heat (3)
Mg + H ₂ O → MgO + H ₂ + heat (4)

The waste gas that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a waste gas containing CO _2. For example, a fossil discharged from a boiler or a blast furnace of a thermal power plant or a steel plant, for example. Waste gas generated as a result of burning fuel or the like can be used. Since MgO adsorbs sulfur oxide (SO _x ) in addition to CO ₂ , the waste gas used in the present invention is preferably desulfurized in advance. In addition, MgO does not react with nitrogen oxide (NO _x ), but from the viewpoint of maintaining the purity of recycled MgO, the waste gas used in the present invention is preferably denitrated in advance.

MgCO ₃ produced in the first step can be separated and recovered from waste gas using a known solid-gas separation device. A bag filter or a cyclone can be used as the solid-gas separation device. The waste gas from which CO ₂ has been separated can be released into the atmosphere via a flue or the like.

In the second step of the present invention, the MgCO ₃ produced in the first step is thermally decomposed and separated into MgO and CO ₂ for recovery. MgCO ₃ is decomposed into solid MgO and gaseous CO ₂ according to the above formula (2) by heating at 230 ° C. or higher, preferably 250 ° C. to 300 ° C. For example, 80% of MgCO ₃ is converted to MgO at 270 ° C., and 90% is converted to MgO at 300 ° C. This thermal decomposition can be performed by introducing MgCO ₃ into a closed furnace such as an electric furnace or a closed tank equipped with a screw feeder or a fluidized bed, and maintaining the inside of the furnace or the tank at the above temperature. can, generated gas can be performed to recover the CO ₂ by collecting, MgO is recovered as solids. As a heat source for heating, for example, when the temperature of the waste gas exceeds 300 ° C., the heat recovered from the waste gas through the heat exchanger can be used, and there is no need to use a heat source other than the waste gas. , Energy saving can be achieved. Incidentally, when the temperature of the waste gas is lower than 300 ° C., it is necessary to heat the MgCO ₃ using other heat sources other than the waste gas (boiler etc.).

The MgO recovered in the second step can be reused as MgO used in the first step.
The CO ₂ recovered in the gaseous state in the second step can be cooled and liquefied with a condenser, for example, and stored, and it is reformed to carbon monoxide in addition to ocean isolation, underground storage, etc. Thus, it can be used for hydrocarbon synthesis by the Fischer-Tropsch process.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention for separating and recovering CO ₂ from waste gas having a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a unit that separates and recovers powdered MgCO ₃ and waste gas from which CO ₂ has been removed by bringing the waste gas into contact with MgO and performing the reaction of the above reaction formula (1). In the unit 1, waste gas naturally cooled to about 200 ° C. from the flue D is introduced into the condenser 11 through the conduit 10a. After cooling to about 80 ° C., the waste gas is supplied to the unit 1 through the conduit 10b. Where it is introduced and brought into contact with MgO. Since the reaction of the above reaction formula (1) proceeds at room temperature and normal pressure, CO ₂ in the waste gas reacts with MgO only by contacting with MgO and is fixed as MgCO ₃ . Contact of the waste gas with MgO can be performed by using the solid-gas contact device. Thus, the waste gas from which the CO ₂ has been removed is discharged from the unit 1 to the flue D via the conduit 12, and the release of CO ₂ into the atmosphere is suppressed. Separation of waste gas and MgCO ₃ can be performed by using the solid-gas separation device. The waste gas discharged from the conduit 12 is discharged to the flue D while being heated to about 200 ° C. because the reaction of the reaction formula (1) is an exothermic reaction. You may collect | recover with a heat exchanger and may reuse as a heat source of the heating in the postscript unit 2, for example.

Reference numeral 2 indicates a unit for heating and decomposing MgCO ₃ to separate and recover it into solid MgO and gaseous CO ₂ . In the unit 2, MgCO ₃ produced in the unit 1 is introduced using an appropriate conveying device 13 such as a screw feeder, and is maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of MgCO ₃ , for example, 270 ° C. As a heat source for this heating, heat recovered by passing a high-temperature waste gas of about 500 ° C. near the upstream of the flue D through the conduits 20a and 20b to the heat exchanger 21 can be used. That is, the present invention can be implemented as a closed system that does not require supply of a heat source from another system when waste gas having a decomposition temperature of MgCO ₃ or higher (for example, 300 ° C. or higher) is targeted. Gaseous CO ₂ generated by the unit 2 is separated and recovered from MgO in a known solid-gas separation device, after being cooled are introduced into the capacitor 22 via the conduit 26, it is liquefied in a CO ₂ liquefaction unit 23 CO ₂ It is stored in the storage tank 24. The stored CO ₂ can be used for ocean isolation, underground storage, hydrocarbon synthesis, and the like as described above. MgO is sent from the unit 2 to the unit 1 by a conveying device 25 such as a screw feeder and reused.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention for separating and recovering CO ₂ from waste gas at a temperature of 300 to 350 ° C.

The flow diagram of FIG. 2 differs from the flow diagram of FIG. 1 in that it includes a preheater 14 for preheating the MgCO ₃ produced in the unit 1 before introducing it into the unit 2. As described above with reference to FIG. 1, the reaction of the reaction formula (1) is an exothermic reaction, and the waste gas discharged from the unit 1 is heated to about 200 ° C. Therefore, in FIG. 2, the waste gas discharged from the unit 1 is guided to the heat exchanger 15 via the conduit 12a and then returned to the flue D via the conduit 12b. Is recovered and used as a heat source for the pre-heater 14. MgCO ₃ is sent to the pre-heater 14 by the transport device 13a, where it is heated to about 200 ° C. and then sent to the unit 2 by the transport device 13b. Therefore, the heating burden of the unit 2 is reduced, and the unit 2 has a heat source. Even if the temperature of the waste gas to be supplied is about 300 to 350 ° C., a closed system that does not require the supply of a heat source from another system can be constructed as in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention for separating and recovering CO ₂ from waste gas having a temperature of less than 300 ° C.

The flow diagram of FIG. 3 uses the waste gas of the boiler 3 as a heat source for heating in the unit 2 instead of the waste gas, and instead of the waste gas discharged from the unit 1 as the heat source of the preheater 14. It differs from the flow diagram of FIG. 2 in that the heat of the medium (water, CO _2, etc.) heated by the boiler 3 is used. That is, the waste gas of the boiler 3 using natural gas, heavy oil or the like as fuel is sent to the heat exchanger 21 via the conduit 32a and discharged to the duct D via the conduit 32b. Then, the unit 2 is heated using the heat recovered by the heat exchanger 21. On the other hand, the medium heated by the boiler 3 is sent to the heat exchanger 15 through the conduit 31a, and returned to the boiler 3 through the conduit 31b and circulated. Then, the preheater 14 is heated using the heat recovered by the heat exchanger 15. In the case of FIG. 3 as well, it goes without saying that the heat of the waste gas discharged from the unit 1 can be recovered and used as a heat source for the unit 2 and / or the preheater 14 as in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the CO ₂ separation and recovery apparatus of the present invention. In the apparatus of FIG. 4, the desulfurized and denitrated waste gas at about 200 ° C. is introduced into the condenser 11 from the flue D through the conduit 10a and cooled to about 80 ° C., and then injected into the injector-1a through the conduit 10b. And mixed with MgO powder, introduced into the bag filter 1b through the conduit 1c, and solid-gas separated, and separated into MgCO ₃ powder and waste gas from which CO ₂ has been removed. The waste gas passes through the filter in the bag filter 1b and is discharged from the conduit 12 to the flue D. Since the blower B is installed in the conduit 12, operating the blower B causes a flow of waste gas that is returned from the flue D to the flue D via the conduit 10a, the conduit 10b, the conduit 1c, and the conduit 12. Is done. MgCO ₃ separated and recovered from the waste gas by the bag filter 1b is introduced into the unit 2 via screw feeders 13a and 13b which are conveying devices. The unit 2 includes a screw feeder provided with a mantle. According to the flow charts of FIGS. 1 to 3, waste gas or boiler combustion gas is introduced into the mantle, and MgCO ₃ being conveyed is heated to 270 ° C. by the screw feeder. decomposed into CO ₂ powder of MgO and gaseous Te. Gaseous CO ₂ is discharged from the conduit 26, liquefied by the condenser 22 and the CO ₂ liquefying device 23, and stored in the CO ₂ storage tank 24 according to the flowcharts of FIGS. The powdered MgO is introduced into the injector 1a by the screw feeder 25, and is recycled for fixing CO ₂ as waste gas. Separation and recovery cost of CO _2, in the prior art was the 5000 yen / t-CO ₂ mm, according to the estimates of the present inventors, to about 3000 yen / t-CO ₂ the same cost by the present invention Can be reduced.

CO ₂ separation and recovery method and apparatus of the present invention is to recover the CO ₂ to MgO as a medium, the CO ₂ from a variety of waste gas can be used to separate and recover, in particular, enable the heat of the hot waste gases the utilizing and MgO while using recycled, can be safely recovered CO ₂ at low energy consumption and resource conservation. In addition, in a plant where MgO is by-produced from a hydrogen generator that hydrolyzes magnesium hydride to generate hydrogen gas, it can be used in combination with such a hydrogen generator to effectively use MgO.

B Blower D Flue 1 unit (Reaction formula (1))
1a Injector 1b Bag filter 1c Conduit 10a, 10b Conduit 11 Capacitor 12, 12a, 12b Conduit 13, 13a, 13b Conduit 14 Preheater 15 Heat exchanger 2 unit (Reaction formula (2))
20a, 20b Conduit 21 Heat exchanger 22 Condenser 23 CO ₂ liquefier 24 Storage tank 25 Conveyor 26 Conduit 3 Boilers 31a, 31b Conduit 32a, 32b Conduit

Claims (12)

A method for separating and recovering CO ₂ from waste gas, the first step of removing CO ₂ from the waste gas by contacting the waste gas containing CO ₂ with MgO to produce MgCO ₃ ; As the MgO used in the first step, the MgO ₃ produced in the second step is thermally decomposed to separate and collect each of MgO and CO ₂ and recovered in the second step. A method characterized by recycling. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat generated in the first step is used as a heating source for thermal decomposition of MgCO ₃ . The method of Claim 2 which performs the heating of a 2nd process using the heat | fever of waste gas. The method according to claim 3, wherein the waste gas is previously desulfurized. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the CO ₂ recovered in the second step is conveyed to a storage tank. An apparatus for separating and recovering CO ₂ from waste gas, wherein the reaction apparatus (1a) generates waste CO ₂ containing MgCO ₃ by contacting the waste gas containing CO ₂ with MgO, and separation for separating the generated MgCO ₃ from the waste gas. An apparatus (1b), a heating apparatus (2) for thermally decomposing the separated MgCO ₃ to separate and recover each of MgO and CO ₂ , and transporting the recovered MgO to the reaction apparatus (1a) A device comprising at least a transporting device (25) for recycling. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a heat exchanger (15) for supplying heat generated in the reaction apparatus (1 a) as a heating source for thermal decomposition of MgCO ₃ . The device according to claim 7, further comprising a heat exchanger (21) for supplying waste gas heat as a heating source for the heating device (2). The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the waste gas is desulfurized beforehand. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the separating device (1b) is a bag filter. The said conveying apparatus (25) is an apparatus of Claim 10 which is a screw feeder which connects between the said heating apparatus (2) and the said reaction apparatus (1a). The device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, further comprising a storage tank (24) in which CO ₂ recovered from the heating device (2) is conveyed.

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