JP2013123299A - Battery charger and battery charging system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery charger capable of prolonging a period of time for which a battery is charged while protecting a load.SOLUTION: A battery charger 100 includes: a charge terminal A to which one end T1 of a magneto coil 101a is connected; a load terminal L to which an intermediate tap Tc of the magneto coil and one end of a load 102 are connected; a battery terminal B to which one end of a battery 103 is connected; a ground terminal E to which the other end of the magneto coil T2, the other end of the load, and the other end of the battery are connected; a first switching element S1 having an input terminal connected to the ground terminal and an output terminal connected to the load terminal; a load control part 11; a second switching element S2 having an input terminal connected to the charge terminal and an output terminal connected to the battery terminal; and a battery control part 12. The load control part switches on or off the first switching element depending on a second AC voltage Vac 2 of the load terminal. The battery control part switches on or off the second switching element depending on a battery voltage VB of the battery terminal.

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery charging device and a battery charging system for charging a battery based on an AC voltage generated by a generator.

  A circuit shown in FIG. 3 is known as a conventional battery charging device used for a motorcycle or the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The battery charging device 100x charges the battery 103 by rectifying the first AC voltage Vac1 output from between the one end T1 and the other end T2 of the generator coil 101a of the generator 101, and at the same time the intermediate tap Tc of the generator coil 101a. And the second AC voltage Vac2 output from between the other ends T2 is controlled and supplied to the lamp (load) 102. The charge terminal A of the battery charger 100x is connected to one end T1 of the power generation coil 101a, the load terminal L is connected to the intermediate tap Tc of the power generation coil 101a and one end of the lamp 102, and the battery terminal B is connected to the battery 103 via the fuse 104. It is connected to one end. The ground terminal E is connected to the other end T2 of the power generation coil 101a, the other end of the lamp 102, and the other end of the battery 103, and is grounded.

  The battery control unit 12x turns on the thyristor S2x when the battery voltage VB at the battery terminal B is less than a positive full charge value. Thereby, when the battery 103 is not sufficiently charged, a current flows from the charge terminal A to the battery terminal B through the thyristor S2x that is turned on while the first AC voltage Vac1 of the charge terminal A is positive. Thus, the battery 103 can be charged.

  The load control unit 11x turns on the thyristor S1x when the second AC voltage Vac2 at the load terminal L is equal to or lower than the negative lamp voltage lower limit value, and turns on the thyristor S3x when equal to or higher than the positive lamp voltage upper limit value. To do. Since the charge terminal A and the ground terminal E are short-circuited while the thyristor S1x or the thyristor S3x is on, the second AC voltage Vac2 at the load terminal L applied to the lamp 102 also approaches 0V. That is, the lamp 102 can be lit while being protected by controlling so that an overvoltage that is equal to or higher than the positive lamp voltage upper limit value or lower than the negative lamp voltage lower limit value is not applied to the lamp 102.

  The overvoltage control unit 13x turns on the thyristor S3x when the battery voltage VB is equal to or higher than the battery voltage upper limit value. The battery voltage upper limit value is higher than the full charge value of the battery voltage VB. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the overload exceeding the battery voltage upper limit value from being applied to the battery terminal B, and to prevent other loads connected to the battery terminal B from being destroyed.

Japanese Patent No. 4597194

  However, while the thyristor S1x or thyristor S3x is on, the charge terminal A to which the first AC voltage Vac1 is applied and the ground terminal E are short-circuited as described above. Therefore, the voltage is not supplied not only to the lamp 102 but also to the battery 103.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the period TBx in which the battery 103 can be charged is limited to a period in which the first AC voltage Vac1 at the charge terminal A is positive and the thyristor S1x and the thyristor S3x are off. End up. That is, the charging start timing (time t10) of the battery 103 is affected by the thyristor S1x being turned on, and the charging end timing (time t11) of the battery 103 is affected by the thyristor S3x being turned on. There is a problem that a sufficient period TBx cannot be secured.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the battery charging device and battery charging system which can lengthen the period which can charge a battery, protecting a load.

A battery charger according to an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention includes:
The first AC voltage output from one end and the other end of the generator coil of the generator is rectified to charge the battery, and the second AC voltage output from the intermediate tap and the other end of the generator coil is A battery charger for controlling and supplying to a load,
A charge terminal to which one end of the power generation coil is connected;
A load terminal to which the intermediate tap of the power generation coil and one end of the load are connected;
A battery terminal to which one end of the battery is connected;
A ground terminal to which the other end of the power generation coil, the other end of the load, and the other end of the battery are connected;
A first switch element having an input terminal connected to the ground terminal and an output terminal connected to the load terminal;
A load control unit for turning on or off the first switch element according to the second AC voltage of the load terminal;
A second switch element having an input terminal connected to the charge terminal and an output terminal connected to the battery terminal;
A battery control unit that turns on or off the second switch element according to a battery voltage of the battery terminal.

In the battery charger,
The load control unit turns on the first switch element when the second AC voltage at the load terminal is equal to or less than a negative first predetermined value.
The battery control unit may turn on the second switch element when a battery voltage at the battery terminal is less than a positive second predetermined value.

In the battery charger,
A third switch element having an input terminal connected to the load terminal and an output terminal connected to the ground terminal;
The load control unit may turn on the third switch element when the second AC voltage at the load terminal is equal to or greater than a positive third predetermined value.

In the battery charger,
An overvoltage control unit that turns on the third switch element when the battery voltage is equal to or higher than a fourth predetermined value that is higher than the second predetermined value may be provided.

In the battery charger,
The first switch element includes a first thyristor having an anode connected to the ground terminal and a cathode connected to the load terminal;
The second switch element includes a second thyristor having an anode connected to the charge terminal and a cathode connected to the battery terminal,
The third switch element may include a third thyristor having an anode connected to the load terminal and a cathode connected to the ground terminal.

In the battery charger,
The battery control unit opens an anode and a gate of the second thyristor when the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the second predetermined value, and when the battery voltage is lower than the second predetermined value, You may short-circuit the anode and gate of 2 thyristors.

In the battery charger,
The load may be a lamp.

In the battery charger,
The generator may be a single-phase magnet type AC generator.

A battery charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
A generator having a power generation coil and outputting a first AC voltage from one end and the other end of the power generation coil, and outputting a second AC voltage from between the intermediate tap and the other end of the power generation coil;
Load,
Battery,
The battery charging device that rectifies the first AC voltage output from the generator to charge the battery, and controls the second AC voltage output from the generator to supply the load to the load. It is characterized by providing these.

  According to the battery charging device and the battery charging system of one aspect of the present invention, the first switching element having the input terminal connected to the ground terminal and the output terminal connected to the load terminal is provided, and the second terminal of the load terminal is provided. The first switch element is controlled to be turned on or off in accordance with the AC voltage. Thereby, in the ON period of the first switch element, the load terminal and the ground terminal are short-circuited, and almost no voltage is applied to the load, but the load terminal and the charge terminal are not short-circuited. The battery can be charged using the voltage between the load terminal and the charge terminal output from the machine. That is, the charging timing of the battery is not affected by the ON state of the first switch element. Therefore, it is possible to lengthen the period during which the battery can be charged while protecting the load.

1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a battery charging system according to a first embodiment. It is a wave form diagram explaining operation | movement of the battery charging system which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional battery charging system. It is a wave form diagram explaining operation | movement of the conventional battery charging system.

  Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the battery charging system according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the battery charging system includes a battery charging device (regulator) 100, a generator 101, a lamp (load) 102, a battery 103, and a fuse 104. This battery charging system is mounted on, for example, a motorcycle.

  The generator 101 has a power generation coil 101a, outputs the first AC voltage Vac1 from between one end T1 and the other end T2 of the power generation coil 101a, and from between the intermediate tap Tc and the other end T2 of the power generation coil 101a. The second AC voltage Vac2 is output. That is, the second AC voltage Vac2 is a voltage obtained by dividing the first AC voltage Vac1 by the intermediate tap Tc. This generator 101 is, for example, a single-phase magnet type AC generator.

  The battery 103 is connected to the battery charging device 100 via the fuse 104. The battery 103 is chargeable / dischargeable and is charged by the generator 101. For example, another load (not shown) such as a stop lamp to which power is supplied from the battery 103 is connected to the battery 103.

  The lamp 102 is supplied with electric power from the generator 101. The lamp 102 is, for example, a motorcycle headlight.

  The battery charger 100 rectifies the first AC voltage Vac1 output from the generator 101 to charge the battery 103, and controls the second AC voltage Vac2 output from the generator 101 to the lamp 102. Supply.

  The battery charger 100 includes a charge terminal A, a load terminal L, a battery terminal B, a ground terminal E, a first thyristor (first switch element) S1, and a second thyristor (second switch element). ) S2, a third thyristor (third switch element) S3, a load control unit 11, a battery control unit 12, and an overvoltage control unit 13.

  The charge terminal A is connected to one end T1 of the power generation coil 101a. The load terminal L is connected to the intermediate tap Tc of the power generation coil 101a and one end of the lamp 102. The battery terminal B is connected to one end (positive terminal) of the battery 103 via the fuse 104. The ground terminal E is connected to the other end T2 of the power generation coil 101a, the other end of the lamp 102, and the other end (terminal on the negative electrode side) of the battery 103.

In the first thyristor S1, an anode (input terminal) is connected to the ground terminal E, and a cathode (output terminal) is connected to the load terminal L.
In the second thyristor S2, an anode (input terminal) is connected to the charge terminal A, and a cathode (output terminal) is connected to the battery terminal B.
The third thyristor S3 has an anode (input terminal) connected to the load terminal L and a cathode (output terminal) connected to the ground terminal E.

  The load control unit 11 turns on or off the first thyristor S1 or the third thyristor S3 according to the second AC voltage Vac2 at the load terminal L. That is, the load control unit 11 performs short circuit control on the lamp 102.

  Specifically, the load control unit 11 has four terminals T11a, T11b, T11c, and T11d. The terminal T11a is connected to the load terminal L. The terminal T11b is connected to the gate of the first thyristor S1. The terminal T11c is connected to the gate of the third thyristor S3. The terminal T11d is connected to the ground terminal E.

  When the second AC voltage Vac2 at the load terminal L (that is, the potential difference between the terminal T11a and the terminal T11d) is equal to or less than the negative first predetermined value (lamp voltage lower limit value), the load control unit 11 The first thyristor S1 is turned on by passing a current from to the gate of the first thyristor S1. When the second AC voltage Vac2 is higher than the first predetermined value, the load control unit 11 turns off the first thyristor S1 by cutting off the current from the terminal T11b to the gate of the first thyristor S1. .

  The load control unit 11 causes the current to flow from the terminal T11c to the gate of the third thyristor S3 when the second AC voltage Vac2 is equal to or higher than the positive third predetermined value (lamp voltage upper limit value). 3 thyristor S3 is turned on. The load control unit 11 turns off the third thyristor S3 by cutting off the current from the terminal T11c to the gate of the third thyristor S3 when the second AC voltage Vac2 is less than the third predetermined value. .

  The first predetermined value and the third predetermined value are set to voltage values at which no overvoltage is applied to the lamp 102. In other words, the load control unit 11 can control the lamp 102 so that an overvoltage equal to or higher than the first predetermined value or equal to or lower than the third predetermined value is not applied to the lamp 102, and can be lit while protecting the lamp 102.

  The battery control unit 12 turns on or off the second thyristor S2 according to the battery voltage VB of the battery terminal B. Specifically, the battery control unit 12 has four terminals T12a, T12b, T12c, and T12d. The terminal T12a is connected to the charge terminal A. The terminal T12b is connected to the gate of the second thyristor S2. The terminal T12c is connected to the battery terminal B. The terminal T12d is connected to the ground terminal E.

  When the battery voltage VB of the battery terminal B (that is, the potential difference between the terminal T12c and the terminal T12d) is less than a positive second predetermined value (full charge value), the battery control unit 12 The second thyristor S2 is turned on by passing a current through the gate of the thyristor S2. The second predetermined value is set to a voltage value at which the battery 103 is not overcharged. Thereby, when the battery 103 is not sufficiently charged, a current flows from the charge terminal A to the battery terminal B through the second thyristor S2 which is turned on during the positive period of the first AC voltage Vac1. The battery 103 is charged.

  In addition, when the battery voltage VB is equal to or higher than the second predetermined value, the battery control unit 12 turns off the second thyristor S2 by cutting off the current from the terminal T12b to the gate of the second thyristor S2. As a result, when the battery 103 is sufficiently charged, the second thyristor S2 does not flow current, so the battery 103 is not overcharged.

  More specifically, the battery control unit 12 short-circuits the anode and the gate of the second thyristor S2 by short-circuiting the terminal T12a and the terminal T12b when the battery voltage VB is less than the second predetermined value. Further, when the battery voltage VB is equal to or higher than the second predetermined value, the battery control unit 12 opens the terminal T12a and the terminal T12b, thereby opening the anode and the gate of the second thyristor S2.

  The overvoltage control unit 13 turns on the third thyristor S3 when the battery voltage VB is equal to or higher than a fourth predetermined value (battery voltage upper limit value) higher than the second predetermined value. Specifically, the overvoltage control unit 13 has three terminals T13a, T13b, and T13c. The terminal T13a is connected to the gate of the third thyristor S3. The terminal T13b is connected to the battery terminal B. The terminal T13c is connected to the ground terminal E.

  The overvoltage control unit 13 causes the current to flow from the terminal T13a to the gate of the third thyristor S3 when the battery voltage VB (that is, the potential difference between the terminal T13b and the terminal T13c) is equal to or greater than a fourth predetermined value. The third thyristor S3 is turned on. The fourth predetermined value is set to a voltage value at which an overvoltage is not applied to other loads such as a stop lamp connected to the battery terminal B.

  Thereby, the overvoltage control unit 13 can prevent the overvoltage from being applied to the battery terminal B so as not to destroy other loads such as a stop lamp connected to the battery terminal B. That is, even when the battery 103 is not connected to the battery terminal B and the first AC voltage Vac1 is directly supplied to another load, the other load can be protected.

  Next, the operation of the battery charging system will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram illustrating the operation of the battery charging system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 shows the voltage Vac1 ′ that the generator 101 outputs from between the terminal T1 and the terminal T2 when the time change of the first AC voltage Vac1 is assumed that the terminal T1 and the terminal T2 of the generator 101 are released. This is shown over time.

  After time t0, the first AC voltage Vac1 decreases from 0V to negative. At this time, the lamp 102 is turned on by applying a negative second AC voltage Vac2 (not shown) obtained by dividing the first AC voltage Vac1. When the second AC voltage Vac2 becomes equal to or lower than the negative first predetermined value at time t1, the load control unit 11 supplies a current to the gate of the first thyristor S1 to turn on the first thyristor S1. Thereby, since the load terminal L and the ground terminal E are short-circuited, the second AC voltage Vac2 becomes almost 0 V, and the first AC voltage Vac1 decreases in absolute value and is connected to one end T1 of the power generation coil 101a. The voltage is between the intermediate taps Tc (that is, between the charge terminal A and the load terminal L). Since the second AC voltage Vac2 is substantially 0 V, the lamp 102 is turned off. Since the second AC voltage Vac2 becomes higher than the negative first predetermined value, the load control unit 11 cuts off the current of the gate of the first thyristor S1.

  It is assumed that the battery voltage VB is less than the second predetermined value at time t2. Then, the second thyristor S2 is turned on when a current flows through the gate by the positive first AC voltage Vac1. As a result, the first AC voltage Vac1 is supplied to the battery 103 via the second thyristor S2, and the battery 103 is charged. While the battery 103 after time t2 is being charged, the first AC voltage Vac1 becomes substantially constant due to the influence of the battery voltage VB.

  Since the phase of the current flowing through the first thyristor S1 is delayed from the phase of the first AC voltage Vac1, the current flowing from the anode to the cathode of the first thyristor S1 becomes 0A at the time t3 delayed from the time t2. 1 thyristor S1 is turned off. As a result, the lamp 102 is turned on again with the addition of the positive second AC voltage Vac2 obtained by dividing the first AC voltage Vac1. The first AC voltage Vac1 is supplied from between one end T1 and the other end T2 of the power generation coil 101a.

  As the charging of the battery 103 proceeds, the battery voltage VB increases. Then, at time t4, when the battery voltage VB becomes equal to or higher than the fourth predetermined value, the overvoltage control unit 13 supplies a current to the gate of the third thyristor S3 to turn on the third thyristor S3. Thereby, since the load terminal L and the ground terminal E are short-circuited, the second AC voltage Vac2 becomes substantially 0 V, and the first AC voltage Vac1 is supplied from between one end T1 of the power generation coil 101a and the intermediate tap Tc. Is done. Thereafter, when the battery voltage VB becomes less than the fourth predetermined value, the overvoltage control unit 13 cuts off the current of the gate of the third thyristor S3.

  Thereafter, the battery 103 is charged until time t5 when the first AC voltage Vac1 decreases.

  At time t6, the current flowing from the anode to the cathode of the third thyristor S3 becomes 0 A, and the third thyristor S3 is turned off. As a result, the negative second AC voltage Vac2 is applied to the lamp 102, and the lamp 102 is turned on again. The first AC voltage Vac1 increases in absolute value and becomes a voltage between one end T1 and the other end T2 of the power generation coil 101a (that is, between the charge terminal A and the ground terminal E).

  As described above, the charging start timing (time t2) of the battery 103 is not influenced by the first thyristor S1 being turned on (time t1 to t3), and the charging end timing (time t5) of the battery 103 is the first. 3 is not affected by ON of the thyristor S3 (time t4 to t6). Therefore, the period TB (time t2 to t5) during which the battery 103 can be charged is substantially equal to the period in which the first AC voltage Vac1 is positive.

  The operation after time t6 is the same as described above.

  Note that, even when the first AC voltage Vac1 changes from negative to positive when the battery voltage VB is maintained at the second predetermined value or higher, the second thyristor S2 is kept off, so the first AC voltage Vac1. Is not added to the battery 103. Therefore, in this case, the first AC voltage Vac1 is higher than the battery voltage VB. However, when the first AC voltage Vac1 becomes higher than the battery voltage VB and thereby the second AC voltage Vac2 becomes equal to or higher than the third predetermined value, the load control unit 11 turns on the third thyristor S3. As a result, the second AC voltage Vac2 becomes approximately 0V, and no overvoltage is applied to the lamp 102.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the first thyristor S1 having the anode connected to the ground terminal E and the cathode connected to the load terminal L is provided, and the second AC voltage Vac2 at the load terminal L is provided. Accordingly, the first thyristor S1 is controlled to be turned on or off. As a result, during the ON period of the first thyristor S1, the load terminal L and the ground terminal E are short-circuited and almost no voltage is applied to the lamp 102, but between the load terminal L and the charge terminal A, Since it is not short-circuited, the battery 103 can be charged using the voltage between the load terminal L and the charge terminal A output from the generator 101. That is, the charging timing of the battery 103 is not affected by the ON state of the first thyristor S1.

  Further, a third thyristor S3 having an anode connected to the load terminal L and a cathode connected to the ground terminal E is provided, and the third thyristor S3 according to the second AC voltage Vac2 or the battery voltage VB of the battery terminal B. Is controlled to turn on or off. As a result, during the ON period of the third thyristor S3, the load terminal L and the ground terminal E are short-circuited, and almost no voltage is applied to the lamp 102, but between the load terminal L and the charge terminal A, Since it is not short-circuited, the battery 103 can be charged using the voltage between the load terminal L and the charge terminal A output from the generator 101. That is, the charging timing of the battery 103 is not affected by the turning on of the third thyristor S3.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to lengthen the period TB during which the battery 103 can be charged while protecting the lamp 102. Therefore, the possibility that the battery 103 becomes insufficiently charged can be reduced.

  If there is no fear that an overvoltage is applied to other loads such as a stop lamp connected to the battery terminal B, the battery charging device 100a may not include the third thyristor S3 and the overvoltage control unit 13. Good. Even in this case, no overvoltage is applied to the lamp 102 when the first thyristor S1 is turned on, and the charging timing of the battery 103 is not affected by the turning on of the first thyristor S1, so that the battery 103 is protected while protecting the lamp 102. The chargeable period TB can be lengthened.

As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was explained in full detail, a concrete structure is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation can be implemented in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.
For example, in the first embodiment, an example including three thyristors S1, S2, and S3 has been described. However, a switching element such as a bipolar transistor or a MOSFET may be used instead of the thyristors S1, S2, and S3.

A charge terminal L load terminal B battery terminal E ground terminal S1 first thyristor (first switch element)
S2 Second thyristor (second switch element)
S3 Third thyristor (third switch element)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Load control part 12 Battery control part 13 Overvoltage control part 100 Battery charging device 101 Generator 101a Generator coil 102 Lamp (load)
103 battery 104 fuse

Claims (9)

The first AC voltage output from one end and the other end of the generator coil of the generator is rectified to charge the battery, and the second AC voltage output from the intermediate tap and the other end of the generator coil is A battery charger for controlling and supplying to a load,
A charge terminal to which one end of the power generation coil is connected;
A load terminal to which the intermediate tap of the power generation coil and one end of the load are connected;
A battery terminal to which one end of the battery is connected;
A ground terminal to which the other end of the power generation coil, the other end of the load, and the other end of the battery are connected;
A first switch element having an input terminal connected to the ground terminal and an output terminal connected to the load terminal;
A load control unit for turning on or off the first switch element according to the second AC voltage of the load terminal;
A second switch element having an input terminal connected to the charge terminal and an output terminal connected to the battery terminal;
A battery control unit configured to turn on or off the second switch element in accordance with a battery voltage at the battery terminal. The load control unit turns on the first switch element when the second AC voltage at the load terminal is equal to or less than a negative first predetermined value.
2. The battery charging device according to claim 1, wherein the battery control unit turns on the second switch element when a battery voltage at the battery terminal is less than a positive second predetermined value. A third switch element having an input terminal connected to the load terminal and an output terminal connected to the ground terminal;
The battery according to claim 2, wherein the load control unit turns on the third switch element when the second AC voltage at the load terminal is equal to or greater than a positive third predetermined value. Charging device. The battery charging device according to claim 3, further comprising an overvoltage control unit that turns on the third switch element when the battery voltage is equal to or higher than a fourth predetermined value that is higher than the second predetermined value. . The first switch element includes a first thyristor having an anode connected to the ground terminal and a cathode connected to the load terminal;
The second switch element includes a second thyristor having an anode connected to the charge terminal and a cathode connected to the battery terminal,
The third switch element is configured by a third thyristor having an anode connected to the load terminal and a cathode connected to the ground terminal. Battery charger. The battery control unit opens an anode and a gate of the second thyristor when the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the second predetermined value, and when the battery voltage is lower than the second predetermined value, The battery charger according to claim 5, wherein the anode and the gate of the thyristor of 2 are short-circuited.   The battery charging device according to claim 1, wherein the load is a lamp.   The battery generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a single-phase magnet type AC generator. A generator that has a power generation coil and outputs a first AC voltage from between one end and the other end of the power generation coil, and outputs a second AC voltage from between the intermediate tap and the other end of the power generation coil;
Load,
Battery,
The first AC voltage output from the generator is rectified to charge the battery, and the second AC voltage output from the generator is controlled and supplied to the load. A battery charging system comprising: the battery charging device according to claim 8.

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