JP2013010144A - Insertion method of bar-like fastening member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce noise and vibration by making a fastener enter a hole of a workpiece by using ultrasonic vibration.SOLUTION: The ultrasonic vibration device 100 includes an ultrasonic vibration part 101 which generates ultrasonic vibration, and a horn 102, and transmits the generated vibration to the fastener 4 through an anvil 5. Thereby, the fastener 4 pushes out and enters the hole 3 formed at a skin 1 and a stringer 2 to connect the skin 1 and the stringer 2. Because the ultrasonic vibration is utilized, noise, vibration, and a machining force can be reduced.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for inserting a rod-shaped fastening material.
In the present specification, “bar-shaped fastening material” is used as a general term for fasteners and rivets.

Fasteners and rivets are used to connect and join a plurality of members (workpieces) in aircraft, automobiles, and the like that require high quality and durability. That is, fasteners and rivets are inserted into holes drilled through a plurality of stacked workpieces, and a plurality of workpieces are fastened.
In the case of fasteners, the fastening of the workpieces is completed simply by inserting (pressing) the fasteners into the holes drilled in the workpieces. In the case of rivets, after inserting the rivet into the hole drilled in the workpiece, the shaft end opposite to the head of the rivet is crushed to form a crimped portion, thereby completing the fastening of the workpieces To do.

  Here, in order to assemble the fuselage of an aircraft, a conventional example in which a skin, which is a workpiece, and a stringer are fastened by fasteners or rivets will be described. The skin is a body outer plate, and the stringer is a structural material (reinforcing material).

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are examples of fastening using fasteners. As shown in both drawings, the skin 1 and the stringer 2 to be connected and coupled are overlapped, and a hole 3 is formed in common to both.
As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the front end (lower end) of the fastener 4 faces the hole 3, an anvil (anvil) 5 is placed on the head (upper end) of the fastener 4, and the operator holds the air hammer 6 in hand. Hold this air hammer 6 against the anvil 5.
Then, the impact force of the air hammer 6 is transmitted to the fastener 4 through the anvil 5, and the fastener 4 is pushed into the hole 3. For example, the fastener 4 has a diameter of 6 to 11 mm and a length of 50 mm, and the diameter of the hole 3 is smaller than the diameter of the fastener 4 by about 0.06 mm. For this reason, when the fastener 4 is pushed into the hole 3, the fastener 4 advances while expanding the hole diameter of the hole 3.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 6B, the penetration of the fastener 4 into the hole 3 is completed, and the skin 1 and the stringer 2 are connected.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are examples of fastening using rivets. As shown in both drawings, the skin 1 and the stringer 2 to be connected and coupled are overlapped, and a hole 3 is formed in common to both.
As shown in FIG. 7A, the rivet 14 is inserted into the hole 3.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, the anvil 15 a is abutted and arranged on the head of the rivet 14, and the anvil 15 b is abutted and arranged on the shaft end (lower end) of the rivet 14. The operator holds the air hammer 16a in his hand and presses the air hammer 16a against the anvil 15a. At the same time, the operator holds the air hammer 16b in his hand and presses the air hammer 16b against the anvil 15b.
Then, the impact force of the air hammers 16a and 16b is transmitted to the rivet 14 through the anvils 15a and 15b, and the head and the shaft end of the rivet 14 are crushed as shown in FIG. A caulking portion is formed, and the diameter of the rivet 14 inserted into the hole 3 is increased at the same time. Thereby, the skin 1 and the stringer 2 are connected.
In addition, although the example which used the air hammer for both the head and the lower end part of the rivet was shown here, the air hammer is not used on the head side or the lower end part, and it may be constructed by pressing the anvil manually. is there.

The techniques shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below are processing techniques using ultrasonic waves, and apply ultrasonic processing to metal deformation such as distortion correction and residual stress improvement.
However, there has been no example in which rivets and fasteners are inserted into holes using ultrasonic vibration. In addition, there is no example of utilizing ultrasonic waves from the viewpoint of reducing noise generated when inserting rivets or the like.

JP 2009-269659 A JP 2010-142870 A JP 2001-269823 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-242 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-60342 JP 2008-302399 A

By the way, the above prior art has the following problems.
(1) Noise is intense because an air hammer is used. For this reason, soundproofing equipment is necessary, and places where work can be performed are limited. In addition, the worker had to wear protective equipment (such as earplugs), and the working environment was bad.
(2) Since an air hammer was used, the vibration was large and the burden on the operator was heavy.
(3) On the other hand, there is also an automatic striking device using hydraulic pressure (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-269823, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 5-242, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 4-60342, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-302399). However, it is difficult to apply an automatic hammering device using hydraulic pressure in a narrow place or a member having a severe curved surface.
In addition, the automatic hammering device using hydraulic pressure has a problem that a large-scale device is required and the capital investment is increased.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method for inserting a rod-shaped fastening material that can reduce noise and vibration and that does not require a large capital investment.

The configuration of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting a rod-shaped connecting material into the hole formed through the plurality of members superimposed,
Ultrasonic vibration is generated by an ultrasonic vibration device composed of an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibration and a horn that is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit and efficiently transmits ultrasonic vibration,
Ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the ultrasonic vibration device to the rod-shaped connecting member to connect the plurality of members.

The configuration of the present invention is as follows.
In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting fasteners into the holes formed through the plurality of superimposed members,
Ultrasonic vibration is generated by an ultrasonic vibration device composed of an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibration and a horn that is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit and efficiently transmits ultrasonic vibration,
With the one end of the fastener facing the hole, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the ultrasonic vibration device to the other end of the fastener, thereby allowing the fastener to enter the hole, and These members are connected.

The configuration of the present invention is as follows.
In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting fasteners into the holes formed through the plurality of superimposed members,
A first ultrasonic vibration device including an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibration, and a horn that is coupled to the ultrasonic vibration unit and efficiently transmits ultrasonic vibration, and another ultrasonic wave Ultrasonic vibration is generated by the vibration device,
With the one end of the fastener facing the hole, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the first ultrasonic vibration device to the other end of the fastener, thereby allowing the fastener to enter the hole.
At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the ultrasonic vibration device different from the first ultrasonic vibration device to the member on the opposite side of the plurality of members from which the fastener is inserted. It is characterized by.

The configuration of the present invention is as follows.
In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting rivets into the holes formed through the plurality of superimposed members,
Inserting the rivet into the hole;
Next, a first ultrasonic vibration device and a second ultrasonic vibration unit including an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibrations and a horn that is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit and transmits ultrasonic vibrations efficiently. The ultrasonic vibration is generated by the acoustic vibration device,
The ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the first ultrasonic vibration device to the head of the rivet inserted into the hole to crush the head, and at the same time, the hole from the horn of the second ultrasonic vibration device to the hole. Ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the shaft end portion of the rivet inserted into the rivet to crush the shaft end portion.

The configuration of the present invention is as follows.
The first ultrasonic vibration device is pressed toward the head of the rivet by a hydraulic cylinder, and the second ultrasonic vibration device is pressed toward the shaft end of the rivet by another hydraulic cylinder. It is characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration device causes the fastener to enter the hole or crush the rivet inserted into the hole. Vibration can be reduced.

The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the fastener which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the fastener which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the fastener which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the rivet which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the rivet which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the rivet which concerns on Example 6 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the fastener in the past. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the fastener in the past. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the conventional rivet. The block diagram which shows the insertion method of the conventional rivet.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on examples.

FIG. 1 shows a fastener insertion method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the first embodiment, the fastener 4 is inserted into the hole 3 using the ultrasonic vibration device 100. The ultrasonic vibration device 100 includes an ultrasonic vibration unit 101 and a horn 102.
The ultrasonic vibration unit 101 includes an ultrasonic vibration element. For example, a sin wave or pulse wave voltage having a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of about 1000 W is applied to generate ultrasonic vibration. The waveform of the ultrasonic wave is basically a sine wave, but may be a rectangular wave or a single-sided amplitude wave. The electric power is set to an optimum value according to the size of the fastener 4.
The horn 102 is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit 101, and in order to efficiently transmit vibration energy (ultrasonic vibration) generated in the ultrasonic vibration unit 101, the horn 102 is a resonance having a half wavelength of ultrasonic vibration as a basic unit. The body is formed of various alloys and steel materials.

A method for inserting the fastener 4 into the hole 3 using the ultrasonic vibration device 100 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the skin 1 and the stringer 2 to be connected / coupled are overlapped with each other, and a hole 3 is formed in common with both.
Therefore, the ultrasonic vibration device 100 in which the tip (lower end) of the fastener 4 faces the hole 3 and the anvil (anvil) 5 is placed on the head (upper end) of the fastener 4 and the operator generates ultrasonic vibrations. Is held in hand and the horn 102 of the ultrasonic vibration device 100 is pressed against the anvil 5.
Then, the impact force of the ultrasonic vibration device 100 is transmitted to the fastener 4 through the anvil 5, and the fastener 4 is pushed into the hole 3 from the skin 1 side toward the stringer 2 side. For example, the fastener 4 has a diameter of 6 to 11 mm and a length of 50 mm, and the diameter of the hole 3 is smaller than the diameter of the fastener 4 by about 0.06 mm. For this reason, when the fastener 4 is pushed into the hole 3, the fastener 4 advances while expanding the hole diameter of the hole 3.
Finally, the penetration of the fastener 4 into the hole 3 is completed, and the skin 1 and the stringer 2 are connected.

The first embodiment has the following effects.
(1) Since ultrasonic vibration is applied, the vibration is quickly attenuated and does not resonate with the skin 1, so that noise is reduced.
As a result, there are no restrictions on the working place, production efficiency is improved, no dedicated soundproofing equipment is required, and the working environment can be further improved.
(2) Since work can be performed manually, there is no restriction on the work environment. In addition, a large capital investment is not required.
(3) By applying ultrasonic vibration, the processing force is reduced as compared with the processing force of an automatic hammering device using hydraulic pressure, and construction can be performed manually.

In the first embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration device 100 is held in the hand of the operator. However, in the second embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration device 100 is attached to the tip of the robot 50 as shown in FIG. Then, the fastener 4 is automatically inserted into the hole 3.
The robot 50 basically performs processing by position control. However, by providing the spring mechanism 51 between the robot 50 and the ultrasonic vibration device 100, the load can be controlled and the load on the robot 50 side is reduced. be able to.

In the second embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since a robot is used, automation is possible and production efficiency is improved.
(2) Since a robot is used, repeatability is good and high machining accuracy can be ensured.
(3) Since the processing force is reduced by the ultrasonic vibration, a robot with a small loading capacity can be applied, and the amount of capital investment can be reduced.

FIG. 3 shows a fastener insertion method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
In the third embodiment, the fastener 4 is inserted into the hole 3 using not only the ultrasonic vibration device 100 but also the ultrasonic vibration devices 200 and 300. The ultrasonic vibration devices 100, 200, and 300 include ultrasonic vibration units 101, 201, and 301 and horns 102, 202, and 302, respectively.

In the third embodiment, the horn 102 of the ultrasonic vibration device 100 that is performing ultrasonic vibration is pressed against the fastener 4 through the anvil 5 from the skin 1 side toward the stringer 2 side. As a result, the fastener 4 enters the hole 3 from the skin 1 side toward the stringer 2 side.
At the same time, the horn 202 of the ultrasonic vibration device 200 that is performing ultrasonic vibration is pressed against the stringer 2 through the anvil 25a from the stringer 2 side toward the skin 1 side, and ultrasonically vibrated ultrasonic waves. The horn 302 of the vibration device 300 is pressed against the stringer 2 through the anvil 25b from the stringer 2 side toward the skin 1 side.

  Eventually, the pushing direction of the ultrasonic vibration device 100 that vibrates ultrasonically and the pushing direction of the ultrasonic vibration devices 200 and 300 that vibrate ultrasonically are reversed.

In the third embodiment, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
That is, by applying ultrasonic vibration also to the stringer 2 and the skin 1 from the stringer 2 side to the skin 1 side, the friction reducing effect is increased, and the processing force can be reduced and can be applied. Fastener size can be increased.

  4 (a) and 4 (b) show a rivet insertion method according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, the rivet 14 is inserted into the hole 3 using the two ultrasonic vibration devices 400 and 500. The ultrasonic vibration devices 400 and 500 include ultrasonic vibration parts 401 and 501 and horns 402 and 502, respectively.

In Example 4, first, the rivet 14 is inserted through the hole 3 as shown in FIG.
Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, the anvil 15 a is abutted and arranged on the head of the rivet 14, and the anvil 15 b is abutted and arranged on the shaft end (lower end) of the rivet 14. Then, the operator holds the ultrasonic vibration device 400 in his hand and presses the horn 402 of the ultrasonic vibration device 400 against the anvil 15a, and at the same time, the operator holds the ultrasonic vibration device 500 in his hand. The horn 502 of the vibration device 500 is pressed against the anvil 15b.
Then, the impact force of the ultrasonic vibration devices 400 and 500 is transmitted to the rivet 14 via the anvils 15a and 15b, and as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the head and the shaft end of the rivet 14 are crushed and the shaft end. A caulking portion is formed in the portion, and the diameter of the rivet 14 inserted into the hole 3 is increased at the same time. Thereby, the skin 1 and the stringer 2 are connected.

Example 4 has the following effects.
(1) Since ultrasonic vibration is applied, the vibration is quickly attenuated and does not resonate with the skin 1, so that noise is reduced.
As a result, there are no restrictions on the working place, production efficiency is improved, no dedicated soundproofing equipment is required, and the working environment can be further improved.
(2) Since work can be performed manually, there is no restriction on the work environment. In addition, a large capital investment is not required.
(3) By applying ultrasonic vibration, the processing force is reduced as compared with the processing force of an automatic hammering device using hydraulic pressure, and construction can be performed manually.
In this example, the ultrasonic vibration device is used for both the head and the lower end of the rivet, but the ultrasonic vibration device is not used on the head or lower end, and the anvil is pressed by human power. There is also a case of construction.

In the fourth embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration devices 400 and 500 are held in the hand of the operator. However, in the fifth embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration device is attached to the tips of two robots similar to those shown in FIG. 400,500 can be attached, and the rivet 14 can be automatically crushed or caulked by teaching.
In addition, the robot basically performs processing by position control, but the load is controlled by providing a spring mechanism similar to that shown in FIG. 2 between each robot and the ultrasonic vibration devices 400 and 500. Can reduce the load on the robot side.

In the fifth embodiment, in addition to the effects of the fourth embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since a robot is used, automation is possible and production efficiency is improved.
(2) Since a robot is used, repeatability is good and high machining accuracy can be ensured.
(3) Since the processing force is reduced by the ultrasonic vibration, a robot with a small loading capacity can be applied, and the amount of capital investment can be reduced.

  In Example 6, as shown in FIG. 5, the ultrasonic vibration device 400 and the anvil 15a are pressed from the skin 1 side to the string 2 side by the hydraulic cylinder 61, and at the same time, the ultrasonic vibration device 500 and the anvil 15b are hydraulic cylinder. At 62, press against the skin 1 side from the string 2 side.

Example 6 has the following effects.
(1) By pressing with a hydraulic cylinder, it can be applied to a larger rivet than in manual operation.
(2) By using a hydraulic cylinder, it is possible to strike in a short time.
(3) By applying ultrasonic vibration, the load is reduced, and it is possible to implement a device with a low-load hydraulic cylinder, thereby reducing the cost of the device.

  The present invention can be applied not only when fastening a skin and a stringer constituting an aircraft fuselage but also when fastening a plurality of workpieces with rod-like fastening materials (fasteners and rivets) in various industrial fields.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Skin 2 Stringer 3 Hole 4 Fastener 5,15a, 15b, 25a, 25b Anvil 6,16a, 16b Air hammer 14 Rivet 50 Robot 51 Spring mechanism 61,62 Hydraulic cylinder 100,200,300,400,500 Ultrasonic vibration device 101, 201, 301, 401, 501 Ultrasonic vibrator 102, 202, 302, 402, 502 Horn

Claims (5)

In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting a rod-shaped connecting material into the hole formed through the plurality of members superimposed,
Ultrasonic vibration is generated by an ultrasonic vibration device composed of an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibration and a horn that is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit and efficiently transmits ultrasonic vibration,
A method of inserting a rod-shaped fastening material, wherein ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the ultrasonic vibration device to the rod-shaped connecting member to connect the plurality of members. In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting fasteners into the holes formed through the plurality of superimposed members,
Ultrasonic vibration is generated by an ultrasonic vibration device composed of an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibration and a horn that is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit and efficiently transmits ultrasonic vibration,
With the one end of the fastener facing the hole, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the ultrasonic vibration device to the other end of the fastener, thereby allowing the fastener to enter the hole, and A method of inserting a rod-shaped fastening material, comprising connecting the members. In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting fasteners into the holes formed through the plurality of superimposed members,
A first ultrasonic vibration device including an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibration, and a horn that is coupled to the ultrasonic vibration unit and efficiently transmits ultrasonic vibration, and another ultrasonic wave Ultrasonic vibration is generated by the vibration device,
With the one end of the fastener facing the hole, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the first ultrasonic vibration device to the other end of the fastener, thereby allowing the fastener to enter the hole.
At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the ultrasonic vibration device different from the first ultrasonic vibration device to the member on the opposite side of the plurality of members from which the fastener is inserted. The insertion method of the rod-shaped fastening material characterized by this. In the method of connecting the plurality of members by inserting rivets into the holes formed through the plurality of superimposed members,
Inserting the rivet into the hole;
Next, a first ultrasonic vibration device and a second ultrasonic vibration unit including an ultrasonic vibration unit that generates ultrasonic vibrations and a horn that is connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit and transmits ultrasonic vibrations efficiently. The ultrasonic vibration is generated by the acoustic vibration device,
The ultrasonic vibration is transmitted from the horn of the first ultrasonic vibration device to the head of the rivet inserted into the hole to crush the head, and at the same time, the hole from the horn of the second ultrasonic vibration device to the hole. A method of inserting a rod-shaped fastening material, wherein ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to a shaft end portion of the rivet inserted into a shaft to crush the shaft end portion. In claim 4,
The first ultrasonic vibration device is pressed toward the head of the rivet by a hydraulic cylinder, and the second ultrasonic vibration device is pressed toward the shaft end of the rivet by another hydraulic cylinder. A method for inserting a rod-shaped fastening material.

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