JP2013090525A - Power storage device, power supply, electric vehicle, mobile, and controller - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce change in the charge/discharge voltage of a storage battery in which a plurality of cell units are connected in series.SOLUTION: The power storage device includes a storage battery in which a plurality of cell units are connected in series, and a controller for controlling charge/discharge of the storage battery. The storage battery has a bypass circuit capable of bypassing at least one cell unit. The controller controls the charge/discharge voltage of the storage battery by adjusting the number of cell units bypassed by the bypass circuit.

Description

  The present invention relates to charge / discharge control of a storage battery in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, power supply devices that are connected to a system in homes, offices, stores, factories, etc. have been introduced. For the purpose of reducing the power peak, for example, the power supply device charges the storage battery with power supplied from the power receiving facility during a time period when the power consumption is low, and discharges the storage battery during a time period when the power usage is high. used. For example, when a solar cell is connected, it is also used for the purpose of storing the electromotive force. In such a power supply device, since the electromotive force of a single battery used is about several volts, a plurality of battery units are usually connected in series in order to obtain a household voltage or a large output, for example. A storage battery is used.

  In Patent Document 1, a plurality of battery cells are connected in series, and an adjustment circuit for bypassing the battery cell is provided for each battery cell at the time of charging. An assembled battery that is brought into a bypass state (= disengaged) by an adjustment circuit is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-20866

  For example, in a storage battery in which 80 battery units are connected in series, when each battery unit is charged / discharged in a voltage range of 4V to 3V, when each battery unit is 4V, the storage battery is charged / discharged at 320V. When the unit is 3V, the storage battery is charged and discharged at 240V. Thus, when trying to obtain a predetermined output voltage from a storage battery with a large change in discharge voltage, or when trying to charge a storage battery with a large change in charge voltage at a predetermined voltage value, a large transformation ratio is set in front of the storage battery. A bidirectional voltage converter is required, and there are problems in terms of downsizing and cost reduction.

  However, since the assembled battery disclosed in Patent Document 1 only discloses a function of separating a fully charged cell, it cannot cope with a storage battery having such a large change in charge / discharge voltage. Therefore, a bidirectional voltage converter having a large transformation ratio is required. Moreover, in the assembled battery currently disclosed by patent document 1, a battery cell is not made into a bypass state at the time of discharge.

  In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a power storage device capable of reducing a change in charge / discharge voltage of a storage battery in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series, a power supply device including the power storage device, and the power storage device. And a control device that is a component of the power storage device.

  In order to achieve the above object, a power storage device according to the present invention includes a storage battery in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series, and a control device that controls charging and discharging of the storage battery. The storage battery has a bypass circuit capable of bypassing at least one of the battery units. The control device controls the charge / discharge voltage of the storage battery by adjusting the number of the battery units bypassed by the bypass circuit.

  According to the present invention, the change in charge / discharge voltage of a storage battery in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series can be reduced.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the power supply device which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of 1 structure of a storage battery. It is a figure which shows the other structural example of a storage battery. It is a figure which shows the further another structural example of a storage battery. It is a figure which shows the example of 1 structure of a controller. It is a flowchart which shows the main control operation example of a controller. It is a flowchart which shows the bypass control operation example of a controller. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power supply device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power supply device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power supply device which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows one structural example of the storage battery provided in the power supply device which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows one structural example of the storage battery provided in the power supply device which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the electric vehicle which concerns on 7th Embodiment of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment of the Present Invention>
The power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a power storage device 101 and a voltage conversion unit 102. The power storage device 101 includes a plurality of storage batteries 103 and a controller 104 that controls charging / discharging of the plurality of storage batteries 103.

  The voltage conversion unit 102 includes a bidirectional DC / AC conversion unit 105. The bidirectional DC / AC conversion unit 105 includes input / output terminals 105a and 105b. The input / output terminal 105a of the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 105 is connected to the power storage device 101 and the power output unit 107a via the DC bus line LN1. The input / output terminal 105b is connected to the power output unit 107b and to the power system 106, which is a power system different from the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Note that the connection between the power supply apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the power output units 107a and 107b is not essential. The power output units 107a and 107b as examples of external devices include outlets. For example, various loads are connected to the power output units 107a and 107b. It may be considered that each of the power output units 107a and 107b is a load. The electric power system 106 includes a commercial power source or a solar battery. It is also possible to connect a solar cell to the input / output terminal 105a. In this case, a DC voltage based on the power generation of the solar cell can be supplied to the input / output terminal 105a. When a solar cell system including a solar cell and a power conditioner is used as the power system 106, the AC output unit (AC output unit) of the power conditioner can be connected to the input / output terminal 105b. The voltage conversion unit 102 performs voltage conversion between the storage battery 103 and the power output units 107 a and 107 b or the power system 106 using the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 105 under the control of the controller 104.

  The plurality of storage batteries 103 are connected in parallel to the bidirectional DC / AC conversion unit 105 of the voltage conversion unit 102. The positive electrode of each storage battery 103 is connected to the input / output terminal 105a via the DC bus line LN1. In addition, in this embodiment, although the storage battery 103 was provided with two or more, the storage battery 103 may be single.

  The storage battery 103 includes a plurality of battery units 1 connected in series, a bypass circuit 2 connected in parallel to each battery unit 1, a switch SW1 provided for each set of the battery unit 1 and the bypass circuit 2, and SW2 and charge / discharge changeover switch SW3 are provided. In each set, the switches SW1 and SW2 are turned ON / OFF in a complementary manner. When the switch SW1 is ON, the battery unit 1 is selected, and the battery unit 1 can be charged / discharged. On the other hand, when the switch SW2 is ON, the bypass circuit 2 is selected, and the battery unit 1 is bypassed by the bypass circuit 2. Further, when the charging / discharging switch SW3 is ON, the voltage converter 102 and the storage battery 103 are electrically connected, so that the storage battery 103 can be charged / discharged, and the charging / discharging switch SW3 is OFF. Sometimes, the voltage conversion unit 102 and the storage battery 103 are electrically disconnected, so that the storage battery 103 cannot be charged or discharged. In the present embodiment, the charge / discharge switch SW3 is provided in the storage battery 103, but the charge / discharge switch SW3 may be provided outside the storage battery 103. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the charge / discharge switch SW3 is not provided.

  Here, one structural example of the storage battery 103 is shown in FIG. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 2, the storage battery 103 has a configuration in which a plurality of battery packs P <b> 1 are connected in series, and all battery cells in one battery pack P <b> 1 correspond to one battery unit 1.

  Each battery pack P1 includes a plurality of battery blocks B1 in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel. The storage battery 103 is not limited to the configuration example shown in FIG. 2, and may be a single battery pack P1. In addition, the battery block B1 is not limited to the configuration example shown in FIG. 2, and may be a single battery cell, an assembled battery in which a plurality of battery cells are arranged in series or in parallel, An assembled battery in which battery cells are arranged in series may be used. The plurality of battery blocks B1 are connected in series in the battery pack P1. The number of battery blocks B1 is not limited to the configuration example shown in FIG. 2, and a single battery block B1 in the battery pack P1 may be used.

  In addition, one bypass circuit 2, one switch SW1, and one switch SW2 are arranged outside each battery pack P1. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 2, each battery pack P1 includes a bypass circuit 2, a switch SW1, and a switch SW2. However, at least one battery pack P1 includes a bypass circuit 2, a switch SW1, It is sufficient if the switch SW2 is arranged. That is, at least one bypass circuit 2 may be arranged. Furthermore, each battery pack P1 includes a battery information detection unit 3 that detects the state of each battery block or the state of the battery pack, and a communication unit 4. The battery information detection unit 3 detects, for example, the temperature and voltage value of each battery block, detects the current value and voltage value between the + and-electrodes of the battery pack, the current charge capacity of the battery pack, and detects them. Data is transmitted as battery information to the controller 104 via the communication unit 4. Therefore, the battery information sent from each battery pack P1 to the controller 104 includes information on charging / discharging. The current capacity of the battery pack is obtained from the integrated value of the charge / discharge current flowing through the battery pack, and is a calculation formula showing the relationship between the predetermined open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery pack and the current capacity. Or it can obtain | require by referring a table.

  Next, another configuration example of the storage battery 103 is shown in FIG. 3A. The configuration example shown in FIG. 3A is the same as the configuration example shown in FIG. 2 except that a bypass circuit 2, a switch SW1, and a switch SW2 are provided inside each battery pack P2. Moreover, the modification regarding the form and number of battery block B1 is the same as that of the structural example shown in FIG. The storage battery 103 is not limited to the configuration example shown in FIG. 3A, and may be a single battery pack P2.

  Next, still another configuration example of the storage battery 103 is shown in FIG. 3B. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 3B, the storage battery 103 has a configuration in which a plurality of battery packs P3 are connected in series, and each of the plurality of battery blocks B1 in the battery pack P3 corresponds to one battery unit 1. The storage battery 103 is not limited to the configuration example shown in FIG. 3B, and may be a single battery pack P3.

  Each battery pack P3 includes a plurality of battery blocks B1 in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel. In addition, the modification regarding the form and number of battery blocks B1 is the same as that of the configuration example shown in FIG. The plurality of battery blocks B1 are connected in series when each switch SW1 is ON.

  Each battery pack P3 includes the same number of bypass circuits 2, switches SW1, and switches SW2 as the battery blocks B1. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 3B, each battery block B1 includes a bypass circuit 2, a switch SW1, and a switch SW2. However, at least one battery block B1 includes a bypass circuit 2, a switch SW1, It is sufficient if the switch SW2 is arranged. That is, at least one bypass circuit 2 may be arranged. Further, each battery pack P3 includes a battery information detection unit 3 and a communication unit 4 in the same manner as the battery packs P1 and P2.

  Next, the controller 104 will be described. The controller 104 controls ON / OFF of predetermined switches (for example, the switches SW1 and SW2 in FIGS. 2, 3A, and 3B), and adjusts the number of battery units that are bypassed by the bypass circuit. The charge / discharge voltage of the storage battery in which the battery units are connected in series can be controlled. Thereby, the change of the charging / discharging voltage of the storage battery by which the several battery unit is connected in series can be made small. The adjustment of the number includes an increase in the number, a decrease in the number, selection of the number, prioritization, and the like.

  One configuration example of the controller 104 is shown in FIG. In the configuration example shown in FIG. 4, the controller 104 receives battery information sent from each storage battery 103 (for example, battery information sent from each battery pack P1 shown in FIG. 2 or each battery pack P2 shown in FIG. 3A). Battery information acquisition unit 11 for acquiring the battery information being sent and the battery information being sent from each battery pack P3 shown in FIG. 3B, and the battery unit based on the battery information obtained by the battery information acquisition unit 11 A battery state estimator 12 for estimating a battery state such as SOC (State of Charge), SOH (State of Health), etc. for every one or a plurality of battery units, and acquisition of target power information and battery information sent from the outside Based on each battery information acquired by the unit 11 and each battery state estimated by the battery state estimation unit 12, a charge / discharge switching signal for controlling ON / OFF of each charge / discharge switch SW3 is generated. The charge / discharge control unit 13 that outputs the generated charge / discharge switching signal to the charge / discharge switch SW3, the target voltage information of the DC bus line LN1 sent from the outside, each battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 11, and the battery Based on each battery state estimated by the state estimation unit 12, a bypass switching signal for controlling ON / OFF of each switch SW1 and each switch SW2 is generated, and the generated charge / discharge switching signal is transmitted to the switches SW1 and SW2. And a bypass control unit 14 for outputting. The switch SW1 and the switch SW2 are complementarily turned on / off by the charge / discharge switching signal generated by the bypass control unit. That is, the charge / discharge switching signal supplied to the switch SW2 is an inverted signal of the charge / discharge switching signal supplied to the switch SW1. Note that a dead time in which both the switch SW1 and the switch SW2 are OFF may be provided. It is desirable that the bypass control unit 14 periodically switches the battery unit 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 so as to reduce the voltage difference between the battery units 1. In this embodiment, the target voltage information of the DC bus line LN1 is sent from the outside. However, the controller 104 may store the target voltage information of the DC bus line LN1 in the internal memory in advance. Good.

  The SOC described above is an index indicating the remaining capacity of the battery, and can be expressed by the following formula. From the viewpoint of avoiding overcharge and overdischarge, the battery has a usable range, and the upper limit of the range is defined as SOC 100% and the lower limit is defined as SOC 0%.

  Moreover, SOH mentioned above is an parameter | index which shows the deterioration state of a battery, can be represented by the following formula, and defines the initial state as 100%. In practice, SOH is generally calculated approximately by measuring the internal resistance of the battery without using the following formula.

  Next, an example of the control operation of the controller 104 will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when starting the main control, the controller 104 determines whether or not a main period (for example, a constant period such as 10 seconds) has elapsed since the start of the previous steps S20 to S60 (step S10). .

  If the main cycle has not elapsed since the start of the previous steps S20 to S60 (NO in step S10), the controller 104 ends the main control and then starts the main control again.

  On the other hand, if the main cycle has elapsed since the start of the previous steps S20 to S60 (YES in step S10), the controller 104 ends the main control after executing the steps S20 to S60, and then Start main control again.

  When executing the processes in steps S20 to S60, the controller 104 executes the process according to the following procedure.

  First, for each storage battery 103, the battery information acquisition unit 11 acquires battery information sent from the storage battery 103 (step S20), and the battery state estimation unit 12 is based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 11. The battery state such as SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health) is estimated for each battery unit 1 or for each of a plurality of battery units 1 (step S30).

  Thereafter, the charging / discharging control unit 13 determines which storage battery 103 is to be charged / discharged based on the target power information, the battery information regarding all the storage batteries 103, and the battery status regarding all the storage batteries 103, and A charge / discharge switching signal for controlling ON / OFF of each charging / discharging switch SW3 is generated according to the determination, and the generated charging / discharging switching signal is output to the charging / discharging switch SW3 for each storage battery 103. SW3 ON / OFF is controlled (step S40). In step S40, for example, when the sum of the maximum charge / discharge currents of all the storage batteries 103 is larger than the target current, the storage battery 103 having a large SOC is rested during charging (the charge / discharge switch SW3 is turned OFF), and the SOC is discharged during discharging. Can be considered such as resting the storage battery 103 having a low SOH (turning the charge / discharge switch SW3 OFF) or resting the storage battery 103 having a small SOH (turning the charge / discharge switch SW3 OFF) during charging / discharging.

  Then, it is determined whether or not each storage battery 103 is in a chargeable / dischargeable state (step S50), and bypass control is executed only for the storage battery 103 in a chargeable / dischargeable state, that is, the storage battery 103 in which the charge / discharge switch SW3 is turned on. (Step S60). In step S60, the bypass control unit 14 relates to the target voltage information of the DC bus line and one storage battery 103 that is a bypass control target, for each storage battery 103 in which the charge / discharge switch 103, that is, the charge / discharge switch SW3 is ON. A bypass switching signal for controlling ON / OFF of each switch SW1 and each switch SW2 in one storage battery 103 that is a bypass control target based on the battery information and the battery state relating to one storage battery 103 that is a bypass control target And the generated charge / discharge switching signal is output to each switch SW1 and SW2 in one storage battery 103 that is a bypass control target, and each switch SW1 and SW2 in one storage battery 103 that is a bypass control target is turned on. / OFF is controlled.

  Next, details of the bypass control in step S60 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, when the bypass control is started, the controller 104 determines whether or not a bypass cycle (for example, a fixed cycle such as 1 minute) has elapsed since the start of the previous steps S62 to S63 (step S61). . In order to make the voltage difference between the battery units 1 smaller, when the voltage of the battery unit 1 is close to the discharge stop voltage (for example, 3 V) at the time of discharging, the voltage of the battery unit 1 becomes the charge stop voltage ( For example, the bypass cycle may be shorter than normal (for example, at a constant cycle such as 10 seconds).

  If the bypass cycle has not elapsed since the start of the previous steps S62 to S63 (NO in step S61), the controller 104 ends the bypass control.

  On the other hand, if the bypass cycle has elapsed since the start of the previous steps S52 to S53 (YES in step S61), the controller 104 ends the bypass control after executing the processing of steps S62 to S63.

  In step S62, the bypass control unit 14 at the time of discharging, the total voltage of the battery unit 1 that discharges, that is, the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 slightly exceeds the target voltage (for example, DC240V) of the DC bus line LN1. Until then, among the plurality of battery units 1 in one storage battery 103 that is the bypass control target, the battery unit 1 that discharges in order from the battery unit 1 with the highest voltage is determined. Thus, the voltage difference between the battery units 1 can be reduced by preferentially discharging the battery unit 1 having a large voltage. Here, when the voltage difference between the battery units 1 is small (for example, within 0.1 V), the battery units 1 to be discharged are determined in order of increasing SOH (smaller deterioration amount) regardless of the magnitude of the voltage. You may do it.

  In step S62, the battery unit 1 to be discharged may be determined based on SOH instead of voltage. In this case, at the time of discharge, the bypass control unit 14 is the target of bypass control until the total voltage of the battery unit 1 to be discharged, that is, the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 slightly exceeds the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1. What is necessary is just to determine the battery unit 1 which discharges in order from the battery unit 1 with large SOH among several battery units 1 in a certain storage battery 103. FIG.

  In step S62, the battery unit 1 to be discharged may be determined based on the SOC instead of the voltage. In this case, at the time of discharge, the bypass control unit 14 is the target of bypass control until the total voltage of the battery unit 1 to be discharged, that is, the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 slightly exceeds the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1. What is necessary is just to determine the battery unit 1 which discharges in order from the battery unit 1 with large SOC among the some battery units 1 in a certain storage battery 103. FIG.

  In step S62, the bypass control unit 14 performs bypass control until the total voltage of the battery unit 1 to be charged, that is, the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 is slightly lower than the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1. Among the plurality of battery units 1 in one storage battery 103, the battery unit 1 to be charged in order from the battery unit 1 having the lowest voltage is determined. Thus, by preferentially charging the battery unit 1 having a small voltage, the voltage difference between the battery units 1 can be reduced. Here, when the voltage difference between the battery units 1 is small (for example, within 0.1 V), the battery units 1 to be charged are determined in order of increasing SOH (smaller deterioration amount) regardless of the magnitude of the voltage. You may do it.

  In step S62, the battery unit 1 to be charged may be determined based on the SOH instead of the voltage. In this case, the bypass control unit 14 is subject to bypass control until the total voltage of the battery unit 1 to be charged, that is, the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 is slightly lower than the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1 during charging. What is necessary is just to determine the battery unit 1 to charge in order from the battery unit 1 with large SOH among the several battery units 1 in a certain storage battery 103. FIG.

  In step S62, the battery unit 1 to be charged may be determined based on the SOC instead of the voltage. In this case, the bypass control unit 14 is subject to bypass control until the total voltage of the battery unit 1 to be charged, that is, the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 is slightly lower than the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1 during charging. What is necessary is just to determine the battery unit 1 to charge in order from the battery unit 1 with small SOC among the several battery units 1 in a certain storage battery 103. FIG.

  In step S63, the bypass control unit 14 turns on the switch SW1 corresponding to the battery unit 1 to be discharged or charged, and turns off the switch SW2 corresponding to the battery unit 1 to be discharged or charged to discharge or charge the battery unit 1 Is turned off, switch SW1 corresponding to battery unit 1 that is neither discharged nor charged is turned off, switch SW2 corresponding to battery unit 1 that is not discharged or charged is turned on, and battery unit 1 that is neither discharged nor charged is Enter the bypass state.

  As described above, the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention discharges or charges by adjusting the number of battery units 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 in the storage battery 103 to be discharged or charged. The change in the voltage of the storage battery 103 to be reduced is reduced, more specifically, for example, the total voltage of the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 during discharge is the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1. By the bypass circuit 2, the voltage of the battery unit 1 to be charged, that is, the total voltage of the battery unit 1 that turns on the corresponding switch SW1 is slightly lower than the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1. By adjusting the number of bypassed battery units 1, the voltage of the storage battery 103 to be discharged or charged can be adjusted. It can be maintained at a value close to the target voltage of the C bus lines LN1. This eliminates the need for a bidirectional DC / DC converter having a large transformation ratio, and even when a bidirectional DC / DC converter is provided, a bidirectional DC / DC converter having a small transformation ratio can be used. This is advantageous in terms of conversion.

  Moreover, since the battery unit 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 in the storage battery 103 to be discharged or charged is rested without charging / discharging, the discharge time of the entire storage battery 103 to be discharged becomes longer. Moreover, the number of times of charging / discharging the storage battery 103 is reduced, and the life of the storage battery 103 is also increased.

<Second Embodiment of the Present Invention>
The power supply apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 has a configuration in which the storage battery 103 of the power supply apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is replaced with a storage battery 108. The storage battery 108 has a configuration in which the charge / discharge switch SW <b> 3 of the storage battery 103 is replaced with a bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 7, the line which attached | subjected the code | symbol A is mutually connected.

  When the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109 is performing a voltage conversion operation, the storage battery 108 is in a chargeable / dischargeable state, similarly to the case where the charge / discharge switch SW3 is ON. Conversely, when the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109 is not performing a voltage conversion operation, the storage battery 108 is in a state in which charging / discharging is not possible, as in the case where the charge / discharge switch SW3 is OFF. Therefore, the power supply device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention has the point that the voltage of the storage battery 108 to be discharged or charged is matched with the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1 by the voltage conversion operation of the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109. Except for this, basically the same operation as the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is performed.

  In the power supply apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the storage battery 108 to be discharged or charged is adjusted by adjusting the number of battery units 1 to be bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 in the storage battery 108 to be discharged or charged. The voltage change of the portion excluding the DC / DC conversion unit 109 is reduced, more specifically, the voltage of the portion excluding the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109 of the storage battery 103 to be discharged or charged is represented by the DC bus line LN1. Can be kept close to the target voltage. Thereby, since the transformation ratio of the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109 becomes small, the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 109 can be reduced in size and cost.

  Moreover, since the battery unit 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 in the storage battery 108 to be discharged or charged is resting without being charged / discharged, the discharge time of the entire storage battery 108 to be discharged becomes longer. In addition, the number of times of charging / discharging the storage battery 108 is reduced and the life of the storage battery 108 is extended.

  In this embodiment, the bidirectional DC / DC converter 109 is provided instead of the charge / discharge switch SW3. However, the bidirectional DC / AC converter is provided instead of the charge / discharge switch SW3, and the voltage converter 102 is provided. You may make it the structure which removed. In this case, the DC bus line LN1 is an AC bus line.

<Third embodiment of the present invention>
A power supply apparatus 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8 has a configuration in which the storage battery 103 of the power supply apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is replaced with a storage battery 110. The storage battery 110 is different from the storage battery 103 in that the bypass circuit 2 is provided for each battery unit 1 whereas the bypass circuit 2 is provided for each of the plurality of battery units 1.

  In the power supply device 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment range of the number of battery units 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 in the storage battery 110 to be discharged or charged is slightly roughened. The same effects as those of the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment are obtained.

<Fourth embodiment of the present invention>
A power supply apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 has a configuration in which the storage battery 103 of the power supply apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is replaced with a storage battery 111. The storage battery 111 is different in that the storage battery 103 has a configuration in which the bypass circuit 2 is provided in all the battery units 1 whereas the bypass circuit 2 is provided in only a part of the battery units 1. Yes.

  In the power supply apparatus 400 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment range of the number of battery units 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 in the storage battery 110 to be discharged or charged is slightly narrowed. The same effects as those of the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment are obtained.

<Fifth embodiment of the present invention>
In the power supply device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the storage battery 103 of the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is replaced with a storage battery 112 having a configuration in which the number of battery units 1 corresponding to each bypass circuit 2 is different. This is the configuration. Thereby, while reducing the number of bypass circuits 2, the adjustment range of the number of battery units 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 becomes rough, and the adjustment range of the number of battery units 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 becomes narrow. That can be suppressed.

  An example of the storage battery 112 having a configuration in which the number of battery units 1 corresponding to each bypass circuit 2 is different is shown in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the number of battery units 1 corresponding to each bypass circuit 2 is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,. Therefore, for example, when three battery units 1 are bypassed, the switch SW2 connected to the bypass circuit 2 corresponding to one battery unit 1 and two battery units 1 are associated. Each switch SW2 connected to the bypass circuit 2 is turned ON. For example, when seven battery units 1 are bypassed, the switch SW2 connected to the bypass circuit 2 corresponding to one battery unit 1 and two battery units 1 are supported. The switch SW2 connected to the bypass circuit 2 and the switch SW2 connected to the bypass circuit 2 corresponding to the four battery units 1 are turned ON.

  The power supply device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention basically has the same effects as the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. However, when the battery unit 1 bypassed by the bypass circuit 2 is periodically switched, the switching pattern is restricted.

<Sixth Embodiment of the Present Invention>
The power supply device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention includes a bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 114 in which the storage battery 103 of the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is connected in parallel to the battery unit 1. In this configuration, the storage battery 113 is replaced. In this case, the input / output voltage range of the bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 114 is a range from the discharge stop voltage to the charge stop voltage of the battery unit 1 (for example, a range of 3V to 4V, etc.). Since the input / output voltage range can be reduced, the bidirectional DC / DC converter 114 can be reduced in size and cost.

  The voltage of the storage battery 113 to be discharged or charged is kept closer to the target voltage of the DC bus line LN1 than the voltage of the storage battery 103 to be discharged or charged by the voltage adjustment of the bidirectional DC / DC converter 114. be able to. Regarding the other points, the power supply device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention basically has the same effects as the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 11 shows an example of a storage battery 113 having a bidirectional DC / DC conversion unit 114 connected in parallel to the battery unit 1. In the example shown in FIG. 11, only one bidirectional DC / DC converter 114 connected in parallel to the battery unit 1 is provided, but a plurality of bidirectional DC / DC converters 114 may be provided.

<Seventh embodiment of the present invention>
FIG. 12 shows a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle 500 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. The electric vehicle 500 includes an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and the like. The electric vehicle 500 includes the power storage device 101, a vehicle body 510, a voltage conversion unit 501 that converts a DC voltage generated by discharging a battery in the power storage device 101 into another voltage (such as an AC voltage), and a voltage conversion unit. A motor 502 that converts electric power output from the power 501 into power, a drive wheel 503 that is rotated by the power, an accelerator unit 504 for instructing acceleration of the vehicle body 510, including an accelerator pedal 504a and an accelerator detection unit 504b; A brake unit 505 including a brake pedal 505a and a brake detection unit 505b for instructing deceleration of the vehicle body 510, a sensor 506 for detecting the number of revolutions or the magnetic pole position of the motor 502, and a non-storage device for storing electric power other than for the purpose of generating the power. A main control unit M that comprehensively controls the operation of each part in the power battery BAT and the electric vehicle 500 And, equipped with a. The main control unit MC has the function of the controller 104 in FIG. 1, and includes battery voltage information provided from the power storage device 101, an acceleration instruction signal indicating the acceleration instruction state provided from the accelerator unit 504, and a brake. The voltage conversion operation by the voltage conversion unit 501 is controlled based on the deceleration instruction signal representing the deceleration instruction state given from the unit 505 and the detection result of the sensor 506. It is also possible to charge the battery in the power storage device 101 by regeneration. As described above, in the electric vehicle 500, the motor 502 receives the electric power from the battery in the battery storage device 101 and converts the electric power into motive power, and the driving wheel 503 is rotated by the motive power, whereby the vehicle body 510 moves. To do. In the electric vehicle 500, it can be considered that the vehicle body 510 corresponds to the moving main body, the motor 502 corresponds to the power source, and the driving wheels 503 correspond to the driving unit. As the power storage device 101, for example, the power storage devices 101 having various configurations described in the first to sixth embodiments described above can be used.

  The electric vehicle 500 is an example of a mobile body on which the power storage device 101 is mounted, and the power storage device 101 may be mounted on another mobile body such as a ship, an aircraft, an elevator, or a walking robot.

  The ship on which the power storage device 101 is mounted includes, for example, a motor 502, and a hull, a screw, and an acceleration input unit instead of the vehicle body 510, the drive wheel 503, the accelerator unit 504, and the brake unit 505 of the electric vehicle 500, respectively. And a deceleration input unit. The driver operates the acceleration input unit instead of the accelerator unit 504 when accelerating the hull, and operates the deceleration input unit instead of the brake unit 505 when decelerating the hull. The same). However, you may comprise the ship which is not provided with the deceleration input part. In such a ship, the motor 502 receives electric power from the battery in the power storage device 101, converts the electric power into power, and the hull moves by rotating the screw by the power. In the above-described ship, it can be considered that the hull corresponds to the moving main body, the motor 502 corresponds to the power source, and the screw corresponds to the drive unit.

  The aircraft on which the power storage device 101 is mounted includes, for example, a motor 502, and instead of the vehicle body 510, the drive wheels 503, the accelerator unit 504, and the brake unit 505 of the electric vehicle 500, an airframe, a propeller, and an acceleration input unit, respectively. And a deceleration input unit. However, you may comprise the aircraft in which the deceleration input part is not provided. In such an aircraft, the motor 502 receives electric power from the battery in the power storage device 101 and converts the electric power into motive power, and the propeller is rotated by the motive power, so that the aircraft moves. In the above-described aircraft, it can be considered that the airframe corresponds to the moving main body, the motor 502 corresponds to the power source, and the propeller corresponds to the driving unit.

  The elevator on which the power storage device 101 is mounted includes, for example, a motor 502, and is attached to a bag and a kite instead of the vehicle body 510, the drive wheel 503, the accelerator unit 504, and the brake unit 505 of the electric vehicle 500, respectively. A lifting rope, an acceleration input unit, and a deceleration input unit are provided. In such an elevator, the motor 502 receives the electric power from the battery in the power storage device 101 and converts the electric power into motive power, and the elevating rope is wound up by the motive power, so that the kite moves up and down. In the above elevator, it can be considered that the kite corresponds to the moving main body, the motor 502 corresponds to the power source, and the lifting rope corresponds to the driving unit.

  The walking robot equipped with the power storage device 101 includes, for example, a motor 502, and instead of the vehicle body 510, the drive wheels 503, the accelerator unit 504, and the brake unit 505 of the electric vehicle 500, a trunk, legs, and acceleration input, respectively. And a deceleration input unit. In such a walking robot, the motor 502 receives electric power from the battery in the power storage device 101 and converts the electric power into motive power, and the torso moves by driving the foot with the motive power. In the above walking robot, it can be considered that the body corresponds to the moving main body, the motor 502 corresponds to the power source, and the foot corresponds to the driving unit.

  As described above, in the mobile body equipped with the power storage device 101, the power source converts the power from the battery in the power storage device 101 into power, and the drive unit moves using the power obtained by the power source. Move the body.

<Modifications>
As mentioned above, although embodiment which concerns on this invention was described, the range of this invention is not limited to this, A various change can be added and implemented in the range which does not deviate from the main point of invention.

  For example, the above-described embodiments can be implemented in appropriate combination as long as there is no contradiction.

  For example, part or all of the operation of the controller 104 may be performed by a control device such as a microcomputer. Furthermore, all or part of the functions realized by such a control device are described as a program, and the program is executed on a program execution device (for example, a computer) to realize all or part of the functions. It doesn't matter if you do.

  Further, the control device according to the present invention, that is, the control device that controls charging / discharging of a storage battery in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series, is realized by hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Is possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery unit 2 Bypass circuit 3 Battery information detection part 4 Communication part 11 Battery information acquisition part 12 Battery state estimation part 13 Charging / discharging control part 14 Bypass control part 100 Power supply device 101 which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention 101,501 Power storage Device 102 Voltage converter 103, 108, 110-113 Storage battery 104 Controller 105 Bidirectional DC / AC converter 106 Power system 107a, 107b Power output unit 109, 114 Bidirectional DC / DC converter 200 Second embodiment of the present invention Power supply device 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention 400 Power supply device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention 500 Electric vehicle 501 Voltage conversion unit 502 Motor 503 Driving wheel 504 Accelerator unit 504a Accelerator pedal 504b Accelerator detection unit 505 Brake part 505a Brake pen Le 505b brake detector 506 sensor 510 body B1 battery block BAT unpowered battery LN1 DC bus line MC main controller P1~P3 battery pack SW1, SW2 switch SW3 discharge change-over switch

Claims (9)

A storage battery in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series;
A power storage device comprising a control device for controlling charging and discharging of the storage battery,
The storage battery has a bypass circuit capable of bypassing at least one of the battery units,
The power storage device, wherein the control device controls a charge / discharge voltage of the storage battery by adjusting a number of the battery units bypassed by the bypass circuit.   2. The power storage according to claim 1, wherein the control device determines a priority order to be excluded from candidates of the battery units bypassed by the bypass circuit based on information on charging / discharging of each of the battery units. apparatus.   The information on charging / discharging includes one of a terminal voltage for each of the battery units, an amount for charging or discharging of each of the battery units, and a degree of deterioration for each of the battery units. The power storage device according to claim 2.   The power storage device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the control device periodically updates the determination of the priority order.   The power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a bidirectional DC / DC converter connected in series or in parallel to the battery unit. A power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A voltage conversion device that performs voltage conversion between the storage battery in the power storage device and an external device or a power system under the control of the control device in the power storage device;
A power supply apparatus that can be connected to the external device or the power system.   An electric vehicle equipped with the power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and running using the storage battery in the power storage device as a drive source. The power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A moving body,
A power source that converts power from the storage battery in the power storage device into power; and
And a drive unit that moves the moving main body by the power from the power source. A control device for controlling charging / discharging of a storage battery having a bypass circuit in which a plurality of battery units are connected in series and can bypass at least one of the battery units,
The control apparatus characterized by controlling the charging / discharging voltage of the said storage battery by adjusting the number of the said battery units bypassed by the said bypass circuit.

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