JP2013049711A - 黄斑変性症を処置するための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
黄斑変性症を処置するための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013049711A JP2013049711A JP2012260971A JP2012260971A JP2013049711A JP 2013049711 A JP2013049711 A JP 2013049711A JP 2012260971 A JP2012260971 A JP 2012260971A JP 2012260971 A JP2012260971 A JP 2012260971A JP 2013049711 A JP2013049711 A JP 2013049711A
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Abstract
【解決手段】置換C20−レチノイド及び医薬として許容される担体を含む組成物。
【選択図】図2
Description
本発明は、アメリカ国立衛生研究所の国立眼病研究所によって与えられた、(National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health)助成金EY T32013933の下、政府の支援でなされた。
本出願は、2007年9月12日に提出された米国仮出願番号第60/993,379号の利益を主張し、そしてそれは本明細書全体中に引用されるように、参照により援用される。
本発明は特に、視力への副作用無しで又は軽減されて、眼科疾患、例えば黄斑変性症を処置又は改善するために、リポフスチン形成/蓄積を遅らせる化合物、組成物及び方法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、網膜の網膜色素上皮(「RPE」)細胞における加齢色素又はリポフスチンの蓄積を遅らせるか、又は制限することによって、眼科疾患、例えば黄斑変性症を処置又は改善するために使用され得る化合物及び組成物に関する。本発明はまた、かかる処置を必要とする哺乳動物へ、有効量の、本明細書に開示された化合物及び/又は組成物を投与することによって、哺乳動物における眼科疾患、例えば黄斑変性症を処置又は改善する方法に関する。
黄斑は、網膜中心の眼球後部に位置する。この感光性多層組織における数百万の細胞が衰弱するとき、読み、書き、運転、及び色を見るなどの役割を果たす能力に加えて、中心視が失われる。この「黄斑変性症」は、主に高齢者に影響を与え、そして75〜79歳の人口群において有病率は約3%であり、80歳以上の人口群において有病率は約12%である(1)。より若い人口群において、黄斑変性症は、遺伝性疾患、例えばスタルガルト病、卵黄状黄斑(Vitelliform)若しくはベスト病(VMD)、ソースビー眼底変性症、及びマラッティア・レベンティネース(Malattia Leventinese)(Doyne Honeycomb、又はDominant Radial Drusen)を患う個体において見られる。スタルガルト病は小児の10,000人に約1人に影響を与える、遺伝性の若年性黄斑変性症における、最も一般的な形態である。
したがって、眼科疾患、例えば黄斑変性症のための、上で概説した一つ以上の副作用を有しない又は制限する処置を提供することが有益であろう。特に、視覚サイクルを遅らせることなく、又は最小限に遅らせて、網膜のRPE細胞中におけるリポフスチンの蓄積又は加齢色素の蓄積を阻害又は停止するための化合物、組成物及び方法を提供することが有益であろう。
R1は、オキソ、又Hであり;
R2は、H、又は存在せず;
R3は、ヒドロキシ、若しくはオキソ、又はCHR7であり、ここでR7は、カロテノイドを形成し、そして
R4、R5、及びR6は、1H、2H、3H、ハロゲン及びC1-8アルキルから成る群から独立して選択される]
で表される化合物を含む組成物である。
本発明において、視覚サイクルを遅らせること、又は視覚サイクルを阻害する小分子(すなわち、視覚サイクル拮抗薬)によるのではなく、リポフスチン形成を遅らせる方法が提供される。したがって、多くの不利益、例えば暗順応の遅延、視覚損傷及び失明へとつながり得る視覚色素の未形成、薬剤の高用量、及び先の方法による本質的な副作用が回避される。
R1及びR2は、両方ともHであり、そしてR3はOHであり(レチノール);又は
R1及びR2は、両方ともHであり、そしてR3はOCOCH3であり(レチノールアセテート);又は
R1及びR2は、両方ともHであり、そしてR3は、OCORであり(レチノールエステル、例えばレチノールパルミテート)、又は
R1は=Oであり、R2は存在せず、そしてR3はOHであり(レチノイン酸)、又は
R1はHであり、R3は存在せず、そしてR2は=CH−R7であって、ここでR7は、カロテノイドを形成する]
を有する。本実施形態において、R7は、当該化合物の残りと一緒になって、例えばベータ−カロテン、又は別のプロビタミンAカロテノイド、例えば以下の式Ib’で示される重水素化されたベータ−カロテンを形成する。
を含む。
R1は、オキソ又はHであり;
R2は、H又は存在せず;
R3は、ヒドロキシ若しくはオキソ、又は=CH−R7であり、ここでR7は、カロテノイドを形成し;そして
R4、R5、及びR6は、2H(D)、3H(T)、ハロゲン及びC1-8アルキルからなる群から独立して選択される]
を含む組成物である。好ましくは、当該ハロゲンは、フッ素(F)である。
R1は、オキソ又はHであり;
R2は、H又は存在せず;そして
R3は、ヒドロキシ若しくはオキソ、又は=CH−R7であり、ここでR7は、カロテノイドを形成する]
で表される構造を有する。
全トランスレチナールのC20水素の、重水素での置換は、インビトロにおいてA2Eの形成を遅らせる。
C20−D3−レチナールを、文献の手順(47)に従って製造し、そして全トランスレチナールと比較した、インビトロにおけるA2Eを形成する能力をHPLCにより測定した。
全トランスレチナールのC20水素の、重水素での置換は、インビトロにおいてATR−ダイマーの形成を遅らせる。
C20−D3−レチナールを実施例1に記載されたとおりに製造し、そして全トランスレチナールと比較された、ATR−ダイマーを形成するそのインビトロでの能力をHPLCによって測定した。全トランスレチナール又はC20−D3−全トランスレチナール(10mg)、及びプロリン(2当量)をエタノール中で混合し、そして当該反応をHPLCで追い、そしてその結果を図4Aに示す。同じ時点における全トランスレチナール及びC20−D3−全トランスレチナールの反応混合物について、具体的なHPLCの形跡を図4Bに示す。2つの反応混合物におけるATR−ダイマーの濃度を、約15分ごとに3時間測定した。各々の時点における濃度をプロットし、そしてデータポイントを個々の反応混合物に関して直線に適合させた。図4Cに示されるように、2つの直線の傾きの比較は、C20−D3−全トランスレチナールが、未標識のレチナールよりも、ATR−ダイマーを15倍遅く形成したことを示した。
全トランスレチナールのC20水素の、重水素での置換は、CD−1(ICR)マウスにおけるA2E−リポフスチン形成を遅らせる。
C20−D3−全トランスレチナールを、全トランスレチナールと比較して、眼中においてA2Eを形成するその能力を測定するためにマウスに投与した。9匹の8週齢のCD−1(ICR)マウス(Charles River,Wilmington,MA)を、5匹からなる2つの群に分け、そして1.5mgの全トランスレチナール又はC20−D3−全トランスレチナールのいずれかを生理食塩水中10%Tween−20の溶液で、腹腔内注射(IP)にて、1週間に2回、6週間投与した。6週間の終わりに、個々のマウスへ全体で60,000I.U.(18mg)又はマウスの体内における本来の量の約28倍量のビタミンAを与えた。C20−D3−全トランスレチナールを用いた大量の投与は、正常ビタミンAの貯蔵をC20−D3−類縁体へと速やかに置き換える。そして、注射されたレチナールは、速やかに眼(桿体外節)中に蓄積し、そしてそこで十分に高い濃度でそれは反応してリポフスチン色素を形成するだろう。これは、ABCR-/-マウス及びスタルガルト病を患う患者における全トランスレチナールの蓄積と類似している。
全トランスレチナールのC20水素の、重水素での置換は、ABCR-/-マウスにおけるA2E形成を減少させる。
C20−D3−全トランスレチノールアセテートを、文献の手順(47)に従って製造し、そして全トランスレチノールアセテートの場合と比較して、リポフスチンをもたらすその能力を測定するために、ABCR-/-マウスへ投与した(48、49)。標準的なげっ歯類用の食餌で飼育された、8匹の2か月齢のABCR-/-マウスに、20,000I.U./kgのC20−D3−全トランスレチノールアセテート又は全トランスレチノールアセテートのいずれかを含有する食餌をその後3か月間与えた。本食餌において、各々のマウスは、毎日推奨される量のビタミンA、又は同量のC20−D3−ビタミンA剤をほぼ摂取し、そしてそれは約1mg/kg/日未満であった。
C20−D3−全トランスレチノールアセテートの食餌のみで飼育されたABCR-/-マウスは、検出できない量の抽出可能なリポフスチン色素を示し、そしてリポフスチン沈着の減少を示す。
実施例4のように、4匹のABCR-/-マウスの2つの群が、C20−D3−全トランスレチノールアセテート、又は全トランスレチノールアセテートのいずれかを含有する食餌で飼育された。しかし、本実施例において、当該マウスは、同一の食餌を与えた母親の子孫であり、したがって、それらの各々のビタミンA類縁体のみ用いて飼育された。5.5〜6か月齢において、マウスを屠殺し、そして眼杯を、実施例4に記載されたとおりにリポフスチン色素に関して分析した。当該結果を図5に示す。両方のマウスは、同量の眼のレチノール及びレチノールエステルを含んだが(図5C)、リポフスチン色素は、C20−D3−全トランスレチノールアセテートの食餌で飼育されたマウスにおいて検出できず(図5B)、しかし、全トランスレチノールアセテートの食餌で飼育されたマウスにおいては検出できた(図5A)。
野生型のラットにおけるフェンレチニド及び/又はTDHと同様に、C20−D3−全トランスレチナールは、A2E−リポフスチン形成を遅らせる。
45〜50日齢、雌のCD IGSラット(Charles River,Wilmington,MA)を、3匹ずつ、4つのグループに分けた。生理食塩水中10%Tween−10を用いたIP注射で、)3mg、1週間に2回又は3回、8週間(全体で20、3mgの注射)で、これらの3つの群に全トランスレチナールを投与し、そして1つの群にC20−D3−全トランスレチナールを与えた。したがって、8週間の終了時において、当該動物は、それらの本来の貯蔵量のほぼ20倍のビタミンAを、レチナール又はC20−D3−全トランスレチナールとして摂取した。C20−D3−全トランスレチナールの大量の投与は、速やかに正常ビタミンの貯蔵をC20−D3−類縁体へと速やかに置換する。全トランスレチナールを投与された3つの群のうち、一つの群は、フェンレチニド(50)及び別のTDH(23)を、ほぼ1.5mg/日/動物の用量で摂取した。(いずれも、1g/LのNu−rice(RIBUS,Inc,St.Louis,MO)で乳化された飲料水を用いて供給された)。
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Claims (44)
- 網膜中におけるリポフスチン又はリポフスチン色素の形成を遅らせるための、及び/又は阻害するための組成物であって、置換C20−レチノイドを含み、ここで前記置換レチノイドは1H、2H及び3Hから成る群から独立して選択される3つの基をC20位に有し、ただし前記基は同時に1Hではなく、前記置換C20−レチノイドはレチノイン酸ではない、前記組成物。
- 前記置換C20−レチノイドが、C20−D1−3−レチノイドであり、ただし前記置換C20−レチノイドはレチノイン酸ではない、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記置換C20−レチノイドが、C20−D3−レチノイド又はC20−T3−レチノイドであり、ただし前記置換C20−レチノイドはレチノイン酸ではない、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記リポフスチン色素が、N−レチニリデン−N−レチニルエタノールアミン、全トランスレチナール−ダイマー及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記置換C20−レチノイドが、医薬組成物又は栄養補助組成物の一部として投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 単位剤として投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 医薬製剤である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 眼へと直接投与される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 黄斑変性症、スタルガルト病、卵黄状黄斑(Vitelliform)若しくはベスト病(VMD)、ソースビー眼底変性症、加齢性黄斑変性症、地図状萎縮、錐体桿体ジストロフィー、網膜色素変性及びマラッティア・レベンティネース(Malattia Leventinese)からなる群から選択される疾患を処置又は改善するための組成物であって、置換C20−レチノイドを含み、ここで前記置換レチノイドは1H、2H及び3Hから成る群から独立して選択される3つの基をC20位に有し、ただし前記基は同時に1Hではなく、前記置換C20−レチノイドはレチノイン酸ではない、前記組成物。
- 前記置換C20−レチノイドが、C20−D1−3−レチノイドであり、ただし前記置換C20−レチノイドはレチノイン酸ではない、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記置換C20−レチノイドが、C20−D3−レチノイド又はC20−T3−レチノイドであり、ただし前記置換C20−レチノイドはレチノイン酸ではない、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記置換C20−レチノイドが、医薬組成物又は栄養補助組成物の一部として投与される、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が単位剤として投与される、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 医薬製剤である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患が加齢性黄斑変性症又は地図状萎縮である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患がスタルガルト病である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患が、卵黄状黄斑(Vitelliform)若しくはベスト病(VMD)、ソースビー眼底変性症、錐体桿体ジストロフィー、網膜色素変性及びマラッティア・レベンティネース(Malattia Leventinese)からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 眼へと直接投与される、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 黄斑変性症、スタルガルト病、卵黄状黄斑(Vitelliform)若しくはベスト病(VMD)、ソースビー眼底変性症、加齢性黄斑変性症、地図状萎縮、錐体桿体ジストロフィー、網膜色素変性及びマラッティア・レベンティネース(Malattia Leventinese)からなる群から選択される疾患を処置又は改善するための組成物であって、医薬として許容される担体、及び式I:
R1は、オキソ、又はHであり;
R2は、H、又は存在せず;
R3は、ヒドロキシ、若しくはオキソ、又は=CHR7であり、ここでR7は、カロテノイドを形成し;そして
R4、R5、及びR6は、1H、2H及び3Hからなる群から独立して選択され;
ただしR4、R5、及びR6は同時に1Hではなく、そしてR1、R2、及びR3はカルボキシル基を形成しない]
で表される化合物又はその医薬として許容される塩を含む、前記組成物。 - 前記疾患が加齢性黄斑変性症又は地図状萎縮である、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患がスタルガルト病である、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患が、卵黄状黄斑(Vitelliform)若しくはベスト病(VMD)、ソースビー眼底変性症、錐体桿体ジストロフィー、網膜色素変性及びマラッティア・レベンティネース(Malattia Leventinese)からなる群から選択される、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- R4、R5、及びR6が同時に2Hであるか、又は3Hであるかのいずれかである、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- (12E,16E)−13,17,21−トリメチルドコサ−12,16,20−トリエン−11−オン、(2E,6E)−N−ヘキサデシル−3,7,11−トリメチルドデカ−2,6,10−トリエンアミン、13−シス−レチノイン酸、全トランスレチニルアミン、フェンレチニド及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される補助剤をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記補助剤がフェンレチニドである、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 亜鉛、ビタミンE、ビタミンD、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される一つ以上の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記亜鉛が、前記組成物中に3〜80mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記亜鉛が、前記組成物中に3〜10mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記亜鉛が、前記組成物中に10〜80mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記ビタミンEが、前記組成物中に3〜3,000mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記ビタミンEが、前記組成物中に3〜15mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記ビタミンEが、前記組成物中に15〜3,000mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記ビタミンDが、前記組成物中に0.005〜0.1mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記ビタミンDが、前記組成物中に0.005〜0.015mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記ビタミンDが、前記組成物中に0.015〜0.1mg存在する、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記化合物が、患者へ、平均で0.1〜90mg/日で送達するために十分なレベルで、前記組成物中に存在する、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 眼の抗酸化剤、無機物、負に帯電したリン脂質、カロテノイド、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される一つ以上の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 眼の前記抗酸化剤が、ビタミンC、ビタミンE、ベータ−カロテン、コエンザイムQ、OT−551、4−ヒドロキシ−2,2,6,6−テトラメチルピペリジン−N−オキシル、ブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン、レスベラトロル(resveratrol)、(2R)−[[4−(2,6−ジ−1−ピロリジニル−4−ピリミジニル)−1−ピペラジニル]メチル]−3,4−ジヒドロ−2,5,7,8−テトラメチル−2H−1−ベンゾピラン−6−オール2塩酸塩(U−83836−E)、ビルベリー抽出物、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- 前記無機物が、酸化銅、酸化亜鉛;セレン含有化合物、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- 前記負に帯電したリン脂質が、カルジオリピン(cardiolipin)、ホスファチジルグリセロール、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- 前記カロテノイドが、ゼアキサンチン、ルテイン、及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- R4、R5、及びR6が同時に2Hであるか、又は3Hであるかのいずれかである、請求項42に記載の組成物。
- (12E,16E)−13,17,21−トリメチルドコサ−12,16,20−トリエン−11−オン、(2E,6E)−N−ヘキサデシル−3,7,11−トリメチルドデカ−2,6,10−トリエンアミン、13−シス−レチノイン酸、全トランスレチニルアミン、フェンレチニド及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される補助剤をさらに含む、請求項42に記載の組成物。
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