JP2012527484A - 哺乳動物疾患の治療におけるエンドキシフェンの方法および組成物 - Google Patents
哺乳動物疾患の治療におけるエンドキシフェンの方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図3
Description
本明細書で使用される「宿主」、「対象」および「患者」という用語は、研究、分析、試験、診断または治療されるヒトおよび非ヒト動物(例えば、イヌ、ネコ、雌ウシ、ウマ、ヒツジ、家禽、魚、甲殻類など)を指すがこれらに限定されない、任意の動物を指す。本明細書で使用される「宿主」、「対象」および「患者」という用語は、特に明記しない限り、同じ意味で使用される。
本発明は、エンドキシフェンを含有する組成物の医療での使用を提供する。さらに本発明は、精神および神経変性疾患の治療におけるエンドキシフェンおよびエンドキシフェンを含む組成物に関する。詳細には、本発明は、双極性疾患、統合失調症、多発性硬化症(MS)、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、ハンティングトン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)およびてんかんの治療におけるエンドキシフェンを含む組成物の使用に関する。さらに本発明は、真菌感染、細菌感染、皮膚リーシュマニア症、内臓リーシュマニア症などのリーシュマニア感染などの感染;ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)、単純性疱疹ウイルス(HSV−1およびHSV−2)、肝炎ウイルス(A、BおよびC)およびサイトメガロウイルス(CMV)などのウイルス感染;骨粗鬆症および心血管疾患の治療におけるエンドキシフェンおよびエンドキシフェンを含む組成物に関する。本発明は、さらになお、不妊治療および療法におけるエンドキシフェンおよびエンドキシフェンを含む組成物に関する。またさらに本発明は、エンドキシフェンを調製する方法、およびヒトおよび動物の疾患の治療における、本発明の方法によって調製されたエンドキシフェンの使用に関する。
エンドキシフェン(4−ヒドロキシN−デスメチルタモキシフェン)は、乳癌の治療のための市販薬物タモキシフェンの活性代謝物である。タモキシフェンは、シトクロムP450(CYP)酵素CYP3A4およびCYP2D6によって広範囲に代謝され、4−ヒドロキシタモキシフェンおよび4−ヒドロキシ−N−デスメチルタモキシフェン(エンドキシフェン)(図1)を含む活性代謝物になる。本発明者らは、双極性障害、統合失調症ならびに多発性硬化症、パーキンソン病、アルツハイマー病、ハンティングトン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびてんかんにおける神経保護の役割にエンドキシフェンが有益な効果を有すると仮定する。精神および神経変性疾患のための治療剤としてエンドキシフェンを使用することは、シトクロムP450(CYP)酵素による代謝的活性化を必要とし、その作用が遺伝的多型および薬物間相互作用による阻害のために変動する母化合物のタモキシフェンより著しい利点を有する。
双極性障害
双極性障害は、障害を受けた者の間での自殺の多大な危険性と関連する慢性の精神病である(8)。リチウムおよびバルプロエートは、双極性障害において気分安定薬として広く用いられているが、しかし、患者の一部はこれらの薬剤に反応しない、または、部分的にしか反応しない(8)。したがって、より迅速、より強力で、より特異的な作用様式およびより少ない副作用の新規の治療剤の開発が必要とされる。
統合失調症は、妄想、幻覚、偏執病および精神病などの挿話的症候を特徴とした精神病であり、情動の平坦化、注意力低下、引きこもりおよび認知障害などの持続的な症候を含んでもよい(19)。疫学的および臨床上の証拠は、統合失調症の発病および悪化へのエストロゲンの影響を示唆している。早期の調査は男性と女性の統合失調症の発病率はほぼ同等であると示唆したが、より最近の調査は、疾病発生率が男性においてより高いことを示す(20)。
多発性硬化症
多発性硬化症(MS)は、免疫系が、ミエリン塩基性タンパク質またはプロテオリピドタンパク質などのミエリンの成分に対する不適当な反応を起こす、CNSの自己免疫疾患である。これは、CNSの炎症およびミエリン損傷を特徴とする。自己反応性CD4+T−ヘルパ−1(Th1)細胞およびそれらの産生物(例えば、腫瘍壊死因子−α(TNF−α)、インターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)、および、メタロプロテアーゼ)は、免疫病理の多くを媒介し、ミエリン鞘の破壊、および続いて神経機能障害をもたらす(23)。
アルツハイマー病は、最も一般的な神経変性障害の1つで、高齢者の認知症の最も一般的な形である。エストロゲンは、アルツハイマー病の予防において保護的役割を有すると思われる。エストロゲンは、β−アミロイド斑形成の阻害、コリン作動活性の刺激、酸化ストレス関連の細胞損傷の減少および血管危険性からの保護を含むいくつかの神経保護作用を、老化する脳に与えることができる。閉経後のホルモン補充療法は、認知症になる危険性をおよそ30%減少させる。同様に、骨粗鬆症のためのラロキシフェンを受けている患者は、軽度認知障害の危険性を33%減少させ、アルツハイマー病を発症する相対危険度を半減させ、老化関連神経変性障害(29)の予防におけるSERMの役割を示唆している。インビトロのニューロンモデル系でのタモキシフェン(およびその代謝物質、4−ヒドロキシタモキシフェン)の研究は、この薬剤が脳において部分作動薬として働き、閉経後に何らかの神経保護の有用性を提供し得ることを示唆している(14)。
パーキンソン病(PD)は、ドパミン(30)の枯渇をもたらす中脳の黒質においてドパミン作動性ニューロンの選択的な損失を特徴としたもう一つの一般的な変性障害である。正常なドパミン伝達は、薬物(レボドパまたはドパミン作動薬)の投与によって回復することができる。長期投与の後、最終的に運動機能変動および運動障害を含む有害な運動合併症が現われる。プロテインキナーゼCは、レボドパ関連の運動変化の発症を加速し得る(31)。タモキシフェンはPKC拮抗薬として働くことができ、ラットおよびヒト以外の霊長動物において長期レボドパ療法の有益な応答が短縮するのを逆転させる(32)。同様に、パーキンソン病のサルへのタモキシフェンのレボドパとの共投与は、レボドパ誘発運動障害を著しく(61%)減じた(32)。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明の組成物は、好ましくは、1:1から1:20比の間、または1:1から1:30比の間、または1:1から1:40比の間、または1:1から1:50比の間、または1:1から1:60比の間、または1:1から1:70比の間、および1:1から1:80比の間、あるいは1:1から1:90比の間などの1:1から1:100比の間の重量に対する重量比を有する、エンドキシフェンおよび総脂質を含有する。
「線維腺腫」は腺上皮に由来し、増殖性線維芽細胞および結合組織の顕著な間質を含有する良性腫瘍を指す。
エンドキシフェン溶液
0.2%氷酢酸(10mL)中でエンドキシフェン(10.3mg)を可溶化することによって、エンドキシフェン溶液(1mg/mL)を調製した。溶液のpH(約5.75)は、1N水酸化ナトリウム(300μL)で調節した。
エンドキシフェン溶液
2%氷酢酸(8.6mL)中でエンドキシフェン(100mg)を可溶化することによって、エンドキシフェン溶液(5mg/mL)を調製した。溶液は、5%デキストロース(10.97mL)で希釈した。溶液のpH(約5.56)は、5N水酸化ナトリウム(430μL)で調節した。
エンドキシフェン複合体
エンドキシフェン、硫酸コレステリルおよび大豆レシチンの懸濁液を、水中で成分を一緒に混合し、例えば、高圧ホモジナイザーを使用して、均質化することによって生成する。結果として生じる懸濁液を、0.2μmフィルターに通して濾過し、次いで、7.5%スクロース溶液と混合し、バイアル中またはバルク中のいずれかで凍結乾燥することができる。結果として生じる複合体の粒径は、標準的な手順を使用して、例えば、Nicomp粒子測定器380を使用して決定する。
エンドキシフェン複合体
エンドキシフェンおよび大豆レシチンの懸濁液を、水中で成分を一緒に混合し、例えば、高圧ホモジナイザーを使用して、均質化することによって生成する。結果として生じる懸濁液は、0.2μmフィルターに通して濾過し、次いで7.5%スクロース溶液と混合し、バイアル中またはバルク中のいずれかで凍結乾燥することができる。粒径は、標準的な手順を使用して、例えば、Nicomp粒子測定器380を使用して決定する。
毒性試験
エンドキシフェンは、実施例6に従って製剤化し、雄性Balb/cマウスにおいて毒性を試験した。100mg/kgまたは50mg/kgでの単回試験量を、マウスに静脈内投与した。すべてのマウスは100mg/kg用量レベルで死亡したのに対して、すべての動物は50mg/kg用量レベルで生存し、有意な体重減少はなかった。また、マウスは、エンドキシフェンを含まないビヒクル対照を用いた対照群においても生存した。25mg/kgの用量を3日間連続的に投与して反復投与毒性試験を行い、75mg/kg用量蓄積した。この群の動物はすべて生き残った。合計数あたりの生存マウス数として、結果を下表に報告する。
エンドキシフェンは、様々な腫瘍細胞に対して抗増殖活性を示す
エンドキシフェンを、非小細胞肺癌、乳癌、前立腺癌、メラノーマ癌、卵巣癌、CNS癌、腎癌および大腸癌からの種々の癌細胞株に対する抗増殖活性について試験した。細胞は、エンドキシフェン(10nMから10μM)と共に数日間(3〜6)インキュベートし、増殖の阻害を、SRBまたはMTT染色法で測定した。その結果、エンドキシフェンの存在下において、10から100%の範囲の有意な細胞の増殖阻害を示した。種々の腫瘍細胞内における増殖阻害または細胞死滅のエンドキシフェンの誘発は、ヒトの癌の治療でのエンドキシフェンの有用性を示す。
エンドキシフェンはエストラジオール依存性の乳房腫瘍成長を阻害する
タモキシフェンは、エストラジオール依存性の乳癌異種移植片増殖に拮抗することが知られている(34)。経口剤形中のエンドキシフェン塩基およびエンドキシフェン−クエン酸塩を、エストラジオール依存性のMCF−7異種移植片増殖の阻害に関して同様に試験することができる。動物実験のために、4から6週齢および体重20から24gの雌性ヌードマウス(Bom:NMRI−nu/nu)を、異種移植片実験ごとに標準プロトコルに従って使用する。そのような手順の例は、以下の通りである。
エンドキシフェンはエストロゲンの子宮肥大作用を最小化させる
タモキシフェンは、動物およびインビトロモデルにおいて強力な抗エストロゲン作用を有する非ステロイド薬であることが知られている。この薬理学的特性は、乳房組織内のエストロゲン受容体をめぐってエストロゲンと競合し、子宮、腟および卵巣へのエストロゲンの刺激作用を阻害する薬物の能力に関連する(36)。
増殖性乳癌細胞におけるKi−67抗原発現の、エンドキシフェンによる減少
Ki−67は、核非ヒストンタンパク質である。この抗原は、静止細胞内に存在せず、増殖性細胞内に発現し、バイオマーカーとして使用される(37,38)。経口または注射可能な形態において、エンドキシフェン塩基またはエンドキシフェン−クエン酸塩を、異種移植片乳癌腫瘍モデル(例えば、上記のような)に、ならびに乳癌患者に与える。Ki−67の免疫化学的定量は、患者からのならびに実施例11に記述した担腫瘍マウスからの乳癌組織に由来する腫瘍細胞で行う。MIB−1、またはDAKO,Carpenteria,CAなどの商業的供給源から入手可能な同様の抗体を、抗原の免疫化学的局在化のために使用する。動物および/または乳癌患者におけるKi−67抗原発現の減少は、乳癌の治療におけるエンドキシフェンの適用性を実証する。
エンドキシフェンは乳癌のIGF−1レベルを低下させる
タモキシフェンが、ヒトについて血中インスリン様成長因子I(IGF−1)のレベルを低下させることが知られている。IGF−1は、代替バイオマーカーとして使用されており、乳癌患者の治療におけるタモキシフェンの有効性を予測する(39)。本発明のエンドキシフェン調製物の作用を試験するために、エンドキシフェン塩基またはエンドキシフェン−クエン酸塩を、乳癌腫瘍を有する実験動物に経口で投与するか、または注入する。対照におけるIGF−1レベルの濃度および異種移植した乳房腫瘍を、既存のアッセイ(例えば、Diagnostics Systems Laboratories,London,UKまたはDAKO,Carpenteria,CAからのELISAキット)でモニターする。エンドキシフェンは、1週間に5日、1日当たり0.5mg〜2mgを強制経口投与する。IGF−1レベルの低下および腫瘍増殖減少は、乳癌に対する代替マーカーとしてのIGF−1の有用性を示唆する。
エンドキシフェンはビカルタミド誘発の女性化乳房および乳房痛の発生を予防する
ビカルタミド(CasodexR)は、男性における前立腺癌を治療するために使用される。IGF−1が、前立腺癌の促進および進行に関与し得るという根拠が増加している。また、タモキシフェンなどの抗エストロゲン薬が、IGF−1レベルを低下させ、前立腺癌患者におけるbiculatamide誘発の女性化乳房を予防することも知られている(40)。エンドキシフェンは、タモキシフェン抗エストロゲンの活性代謝物であるため、biculatamideとともに、移植のためのエンドキシフェン含有シラスティック持続放出カプセルまたは経口量のエンドキシフェン(1mg〜10mg/日)は、biclutamide誘発の女性化乳房および乳房痛の発生を予防することが期待される。
インビトロでのエンドキシフェンによるPKCの阻害
エンドキシフェンPKC阻害活性を試験するためにPKCキナーゼ活性アッセイキット(Assay Designs,Ann Arbor,MI)を用いた。0.025、0.05、0.1、または、0.2mMエンドキシフェンをPKC10ng/ウェルを含有する反応混合物に使用した。同一濃度のタモキシフェンを陽性対照として使用した。エンドキシフェンは濃度に応じてPKC活性を阻害した。PKC阻害百分率は、エンドキシフェン濃度0.025〜0.2mMの間で、それぞれ、12から80の間の範囲であった。それに比べて、タモキシフェンは、試験したところ、0.1および0.2mMで、それぞれ、35および25%のPKC阻害であり、タモキシフェン(0.025および0.05mM)のより低い濃度ではPKC阻害は無視でき、タモキシフェンはそれほど強力でないPKC阻害薬であることが分かった。図5は、0.2mMでエンドキシフェンおよびタモキシフェン誘発されたPKC阻害を示す。この検討は、エンドキシフェンがタモキシフェンより少なくとも4倍強力なPKC阻害薬であることを実証し、躁病の障害における役割を示唆する。
エンドキシフェンの安全性を2種のげっ歯類で評価した。エンドキシフェンの亜慢性毒性の検討をマウスおよびラットで行った。その結果、28日間毎日のマウスへの最大8mg/kgまたはラットへの最大4mg/kgのエンドキシフェンの経口投与によって、死亡を起こさなかった。全体の病理学検査では、処置群と関係する異常は現れず、動物は毒性の臨床症状がなかった。
ラットにおいて行った比較薬物動態試験は、その経口投与されたエンドキシフェン(10mg/kg)はタモキシフェンの同一用量(10mg/kg)投与後のエンドキシフェン濃度と比較して、10倍高いエンドキシフェン血漿中濃度を示した。
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Claims (49)
- 対象の神経変性障害または精神障害の治療としての、エンドキシフェンまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む組成物の使用。
- 対象の神経変性障害または精神障害に対する素因の治療としての、エンドキシフェンまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む組成物の使用。
- 精神障害が双極性障害である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 神経変性障害が、多発性硬化症、統合失調症、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、ハンティングトン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびてんかんからなる群から選択される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、含水アルコール性ゲル、含水アルコール性溶液、パッチ、クリーム剤、乳剤、ローション剤、軟膏剤、散剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、腸溶被覆カプセル剤、腸溶被覆錠、トローチまたはオイル中で製剤化される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、浸透促進剤、水性ビヒクル、アルコール性ビヒクルおよびゲル化剤を含有する含水アルコール性組成物中で製剤化される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記含水アルコール性組成物が中和剤を含み、前記中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、アミノメチルプロパノール、アルギニン、トロラミンおよびトロメタミンからなる群から選択され、前記中和剤が約1:1から約4:1の中和剤/ゲル化剤の比で存在する、請求項6に記載の使用。
- 前記含水アルコール性組成物が、
(i)約0.01から0.20重量%のエンドキシフェン
(ii)約0.1から2.0重量%、好ましくは約0.5から2.0重量%のミリスチン酸イソプロピル
(iii)約50.0から80.0重量%、好ましくは約60.0から75.0重量%のアルコール
(iv)約20.0から60.0重量%、好ましくは約25.0から50.0重量%の水性ビヒクル、および
(v)約1.0から10.0重量%、好ましくは約0.5から5.0重量%のゲル化剤
を含み、成分の百分比は組成物の重量に対する重量である、請求項7に記載の使用。 - 前記組成物におけるエンドキシフェンが主に、Z異性体、E異性体、ならびにZ異性体およびE異性体の混合物からなる群から選択される形態である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンが、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、シュウ酸塩、コハク酸塩、酒石酸塩、トリフルオロ酢酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、リン酸塩、硫酸塩、塩化物、臭化物、ヨウ化物、乳酸塩、およびギ酸塩からなる塩の群から選択される塩の形態である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、卵ホスファチジルコリン(EPC)、卵ホスファチジルグリセロール(EPG)、大豆ホスファチジルコリン(SPC)、水素化大豆ホスファチジルコリン(HSPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DMPG)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(DPPC)、ジステアロイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DSPG)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DMPG)、コレステロール(Chol)、硫酸コレステリルおよびその塩(CS)、ヘミコハク酸コレステリルおよびその塩(Chems)、リン酸コレステリルおよびその塩(CP)、コレステリルホスホコリンおよび他のヒドロキシコレステロール、または、アミノコレステロール誘導体、コハク酸コレステリル、オレイン酸コレステリル、コレステロール(コレステロール−PEG)、コプロスタノール、コレスタノール、コレスタン、コール酸、コルチゾール、コルチコステロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、およびカルシフェロールのポリエチレングリコール誘導体、Eググルステロン、Zググルステロン、EおよびZググルステロンの混合物、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、トリグリセリド、ガラクトリピド、マンノリピド、ガラクトレシチン、β−シトステロール、スチグマステロール、スチグマスタノール、ラノステロール、α−スピナステロール、ラトステロール、カンペステロール、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸からなる群から選択される炭水化物系脂質、およびジステアロイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロール、およびジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロールのペグ化誘導体からなる群から選択される脂質の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- エンドキシフェンを含む前記組成物が、粉末、溶液、乳濁液、ミセル、リポソーム、脂質粒子、ゲル、ペースト形態、凍結乾燥形態、および錠剤または充填されたカプセルからなる群から選択される形態を含み、前記錠剤または充填されたカプセルが、場合によって腸溶被覆材料を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記組成物が凍結防止剤を含む凍結乾燥形態にあり、前記凍結防止剤が、トレハロース、マルトース、ラクトース、スクロース、グルコースおよびデキストランからなる群から選択される1種または複数の糖を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の使用。
- エンドキシフェンまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む組成物の、感染症を含む症状の対象の治療としての使用。
- 前記感染症が、細菌感染症、真菌感染症、ウイルス感染症およびリーシュマニア感染症からなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の使用。
- エンドキシフェンまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む組成物の、骨粗鬆症および心血管疾患からなる群から選択される症状の患者の治療としての使用。
- エンドキシフェンまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む組成物の、対象の不妊治療としての使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、含水アルコール性ゲル、含水アルコール性溶液、パッチ、クリーム剤、乳剤、ローション剤、軟膏剤、散剤、錠剤、カプセル剤、腸溶被覆カプセル剤、腸溶被覆錠、トローチまたはオイル中で製剤化される、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、浸透促進剤、水性ビヒクル、アルコール性ビヒクルおよびゲル化剤を含有する含水アルコール性組成物中で製剤化される、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 前記含水アルコール性組成物が中和剤を含み、前記中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、アミノメチルプロパノール、アルギニン、トロラミンおよびトロメタミンからなる群から選択され、前記中和剤が中和剤/ゲル化剤約1:1から約4:1の比で存在する、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記含水アルコール性組成物が、
(i)約0.01重量%から0.20重量%のエンドキシフェン
(ii)約0.1重量%から2.0重量%、好ましくは約0.5重量%から2.0重量%のミリスチン酸イソプロピル
(iii)約50.0重量%から80.0重量%、好ましくは約60.0重量%から75.0重量%のアルコール
(iv)約20.0重量%から60.0重量%、好ましくは約25.0重量%から50.0重量%の水性ビヒクル、および
(v)約1.0重量%から10.0重量%、好ましくは約0.5重量%から5.0重量%のゲル化剤
を含み、成分の百分比が組成物重量に対する重量である、請求項19に記載の使用。 - 前記組成物中において、エンドキシフェンが主に、Z異性体、E異性体ならびにZ異性体およびE異性体の混合物からなる群から選択される形態である、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンが、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、シュウ酸塩、コハク酸塩、酒石酸塩、トリフルオロ酢酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、リン酸塩、硫酸塩、塩化物、臭化物、ヨウ化物、乳酸塩およびギ酸塩からなる塩の群から選択される塩の形態である、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、卵ホスファチジルコリン(EPC)、卵ホスファチジルグリセロール(EPG)、大豆ホスファチジルコリン(SPC)、水素化大豆ホスファチジルコリン(HSPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DMPG)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(DPPC)、ジステアロイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DSPG)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DMPG)、コレステロール(Chol)、硫酸コレステリルおよびその塩(CS)、ヘミコハク酸コレステリルおよびその塩(Chems)、リン酸コレステリルおよびその塩(CP)、コレステリルホスホコリンおよび他のヒドロキシコレステロールまたは、アミノコレステロール誘導体、コハク酸コレステリル、オレイン酸コレステリル、コレステロール(コレステロール−PEG)、コプロスタノール、コレスタノール、コレスタン、コール酸、コルチゾール、コルチコステロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、およびカルシフェロールのポリエチレングリコール誘導体、Eググルステロン、Zググルステロン、EおよびZググルステロンの混合物、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、トリグリセリド、ガラクトリピド、マンノリピド、ガラクトレシチン、β−シトステロール、スチグマステロール、スチグマスタノール、ラノステロール、α−スピナステロール、ラトステロール、カンペステロール、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸からなる群から選択される炭水化物系脂質、およびジステアロイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロール、およびジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロールのペグ化誘導体からなる群から選択される脂質の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、粉末、溶液、乳濁剤、ミセル、リポソーム、脂質粒子、ゲル、ペースト形態、凍結乾燥形態、および錠剤または充填されたカプセルからなる群から選択される形態を含み、前記錠剤または充填されたカプセルが、場合によって腸溶被覆材料を含む、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 前記組成物が凍結防止剤を含む凍結乾燥形態にあり、前記凍結防止剤が、トレハロース、マルトース、ラクトース、スクロース、グルコースおよびデキストランからなる群から選択される1種または複数の糖を含む、請求項14から17の一項に記載の使用。
- 対象の神経変性障害または精神障害の治療として使用される、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 対象の神経変性障害または精神障害に対する素因の治療として使用される、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 精神疾患が双極性障害である、請求項27または請求項28に記載の化合物。
- 神経変性障害が、多発性硬化症、統合失調症、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、ハンティングトン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびてんかんからなる群から選択される、請求項27または請求項28に記載の化合物。
- 対象の感染症の治療に使用される、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 前記感染症が、細菌感染症、真菌感染症、リーシュマニア感染症およびウイルス感染症からなる群から選択される、請求項31に記載の化合物。
- 患者の骨粗鬆症、骨関節炎、心血管疾患および不妊治療において使用される、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む化合物が、含水アルコール性ゲル、含水アルコール性溶液、パッチ、クリーム剤、乳剤、ローション剤、軟膏剤、散剤、錠剤、カプセル、腸溶被覆カプセル、腸溶被覆錠、トローチまたはオイル中で製剤化される、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、浸透促進剤、水性ビヒクル、アルコール性ビヒクルおよびゲル化剤を含有する含水アルコール性組成物中で製剤化される、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記含水アルコール性組成物が中和剤を含み、前記中和剤が、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化アンモニウム、アミノメチルプロパノール、アルギニン、トロラミンおよびトロメタミンからなる群から選択され、前記中和剤が中和剤/ゲル化剤約1:1から約4:1の比で存在する、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記含水アルコール性組成物が、
(i)約0.01重量%から0.20重量%のエンドキシフェン
(ii)約0.1重量%から2.0重量%、好ましくは約0.5重量%から2.0重量%のミリスチン酸イソプロピル
(iii)約50.0重量%から80.0重量%、好ましくは約60.0重量%から75.0重量%のアルコール
(iv)約20.0重量%から60.0重量%、好ましくは約25.0重量%から50.0重量%の水性ビヒクル、および
(v)約1.0重量%から10.0重量%、好ましくは約0.5重量%から5.0重量%のゲル化剤
を含み、成分の百分比が組成物の重量に対する重量である、請求項36に記載の化合物。 - 前記組成物におけるエンドキシフェンが主に、Z異性体、E異性体、ならびにZ異性体およびE異性体の混合物からなる群から選択される形態である、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記エンドキシフェンが、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩、ギ酸塩、シュウ酸塩、コハク酸塩、酒石酸塩、トリフルオロ酢酸塩、メタンスルホン酸塩、リン酸塩、硫酸塩、塩化物、臭化物、ヨウ化物、乳酸塩、およびギ酸塩からなる塩の群から選択される塩の形態である、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、卵ホスファチジルコリン(EPC)、卵ホスファチジルグリセロール(EPG)、大豆ホスファチジルコリン(SPC)、水素化大豆ホスファチジルコリン(HSPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルコリン(DMPC)、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DMPG)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン(DPPC)、ジステアロイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DSPG)、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール(DMPG)、コレステロール(Chol)、硫酸コレステリルおよびその塩(CS)、ヘミコハク酸コレステリルおよびその塩(Chems)、リン酸コレステリルおよびその塩(CP)、コレステリルホスホコリンおよび他のヒドロキシコレステロールまたはアミノコレステロール誘導体、コハク酸コレステリル、オレイン酸コレステリル、コレステロール(コレステロール−PEG)、コプロスタノール、コレスタノール、コレスタン、コール酸、コルチゾール、コルチコステロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、およびカルシフェロールのポリエチレングリコール誘導体、Eググルステロン、Zググルステロン、EおよびZググルステロンの混合物、モノグリセリド、ジグリセリド、トリグリセリド、ガラクトリピド、マンノリピド、ガラクトレシチン、β−シトステロール、スチグマステロール、スチグマスタノール、ラノステロール、α−スピナステロール、ラトステロール、カンペステロール、ホスファチジルコリン、ホスファチジルグリセロール、ホスファチジルエタノールアミン、ホスファチジルセリン、ホスファチジルイノシトール、ホスファチジン酸からなる群から選択される炭水化物系脂質、およびジステアロイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジパルミトイルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジミリストイルホスファチジルグリセロール、およびジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロールのペグ化誘導体からなる群から選択される脂質の少なくとも1種を含む、請求項27から33に記載の化合物。
- 前記エンドキシフェンを含む組成物が、粉末、溶液、エマルジョン、ミセル、リポソーム、脂質粒子、ゲル、ペースト形態、凍結乾燥形態、および錠剤または充填されたカプセルからなる群から選択される形態を含み、前記錠剤または充填されたカプセルが、場合により腸溶被覆材料を含む、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 前記組成物が凍結防止剤を含む凍結乾燥形態であり、前記凍結防止剤が、トレハロース、マルトース、ラクトース、スクロース、グルコースおよびデキストランからなる群から選択される1種または複数の糖を含む、請求項27から33のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 対象の神経変性障害または精神障害の治療として使用される薬剤の製造における、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用。
- 対象の感染症の治療として使用される薬剤の製造における、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用。
- 骨粗鬆症、骨関節炎、心血管疾患および不妊症からなる群から選択される症状の治療として使用される薬剤の製造における、エンドキシフェンを含む化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用。
- 前記化合物が請求項34から42のいずれか一項に記載の化合物である、請求項43から45のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- a)神経変性障害または精神障害の有無またはその素因について対象を評価すること
b)請求項27から29および請求項34から42のいずれかの化合物を投与すること
c)神経変性障害または精神障害に関して前記対象を評価すること
を含む方法。 - a)感染症の有無について対象を評価すること
b)請求項31から32および請求項34から42のいずれかの化合物を投与すること
c)感染症に関して前記対象を評価すること
を含む方法。 - a)骨粗鬆症、骨関節炎、心血管疾患および不妊症からなる群から選択される症状の有無またはその素因について対象を評価すること
b)請求項33から42のいずれかの化合物を投与すること
c)骨粗鬆症、骨関節炎、心血管疾患または不妊症について前記対象を評価すること
を含む方法。
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MX2011012409A (es) | 2012-03-14 |
US11672758B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
CA2757838A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
EP2432462A4 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
WO2010135703A2 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
WO2010135703A3 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
EP2432462A2 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
CA2757838C (en) | 2013-12-17 |
US20190231687A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 |
US20090291134A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
US20210177752A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
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