JP2012516537A - リチウム二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えたリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えたリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012516537A JP2012516537A JP2011547828A JP2011547828A JP2012516537A JP 2012516537 A JP2012516537 A JP 2012516537A JP 2011547828 A JP2011547828 A JP 2011547828A JP 2011547828 A JP2011547828 A JP 2011547828A JP 2012516537 A JP2012516537 A JP 2012516537A
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- lithium secondary
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 nitrile compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical class O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical class O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical class [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPYUCWSMVJJWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyacetonitrile Chemical compound CCOCC#N WPYUCWSMVJJWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GHMJXRLUKUMGSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxybutanenitrile Chemical compound CCOC(CC)C#N GHMJXRLUKUMGSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IOHBLCZDLLEEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxypentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCC(C#N)OCC IOHBLCZDLLEEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNJNVEVAILOJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound CCOC(C)C#N SNJNVEVAILOJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyacetonitrile Chemical compound COCC#N QKPVEISEHYYHRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HLGNKWVNJVYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxybutanenitrile Chemical compound CCC(OC)C#N HLGNKWVNJVYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYHMPLWYVLHTDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCC(OC)C#N LYHMPLWYVLHTDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012431 LiNi0.53Co0.2Mn0.27O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 108010000020 Platelet Factor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
R1ないしR4のうち少なくとも1つはビニル基を含み、その他は相互独立して水素、ハロゲン、ハロゲンに置換されるかまたは非置換されたC1〜C6のアルキル基、C6〜C12のアリール基、C2〜C6のアルケニル基、またはスルホネート基である。
EC:PC:DEC=3:2:5(重量比)の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として使用し、該電解液にビニレンカーボネート3重量%、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)2重量%、メトキシプロピオニトリル(MPN)5重量%を添加した。
メトキシプロピオニトリルの含量を7重量%にしたことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウムポリマ電池を製造した。
EC:PC:DEC=3:2:5(重量比)の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として使用し、該電解液にビニレンカーボネート3重量%、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)2重量%、メトキシプロピオニトリル(MPN)5重量%を添加した。
メトキシプロピオニトリルの含量を7%重量で使用したことを除き、実施例3と同様の方法でリチウムポリマ電池を製造した。
EC:PC:DEC=3:4:3(重量比)の組成を有する1M LiPF6溶液を電解液として使用し、該電解液にビニレンカーボネート2重量%、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)2重量%、メトキシプロピオニトリル(MPN)2重量%を添加した。
電解液にビニレンカーボネート3%重量とフルオロエチレン2重量%とを添加したが、メトキシプロピオニトリルは添加しなかったことを除き、実施例1と同様の方法でリチウムポリマ電池を製造した。
電解液にメトキシプロピオニトリル7重量%を添加したが、ビニレンカーボネートとフルオロエチレンカーボネートは添加しなかったことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法でリチウムポリマ電池を製造した。
電解液にビニレンカーボネート3重量%とフルオロエチレンカーボネート2重量%を添加したが、メトキシプロピオニトリルは添加しなかったことを除き、実施例3と同様の方法で角型リチウム二次電池を製造した。
メトキシプロピオニトリル10重量%を添加したことを除き、実施例3と同様の方法で角型リチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解液にビニレンカーボネート2重量%とフルオロエチレンカーボネート2重量%とを添加したが、メトキシプロピオニトリルは添加しなかったことを除き、実施例5と同様の方法で角型リチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1〜3、実施例5及び比較例1、比較例3、比較例5で製造した各電池を4.2Vの満充電状態で90℃、5時間保存しながら、初期厚さと保存後の厚さの変化をそれぞれ測定した。使用した正極の材料毎に結果を下記表1ないし表3にそれぞれまとめ、厚さ変化(Δt)は対応する比較例の厚さ増加を100%として相対値で示した。また、図1に実施例1〜2及び比較例1の厚さ変化をグラフで示した。
実施例1、2及び比較例1,2で製造した電池に対し、12V、1Cの条件下で定電流/定電圧方式で過充電試験した結果を図2ないし図4及び下記表4に示した。過充電試験の結果は複数回試験を繰り返した後、結果をまとめて示した。
(1)電池の初期容量の測定
上記のようにして製作した実施例3、4及び比較例3、4の各電池に対し、25℃で0.5C=400mAの定電流で充電し、電池の電圧が4.2Vになった後、4.2Vの定電圧で充電電流値が50mAになるまで初期充電した。初期充電した電池に対し、0.2Cの定電流で電池の電圧が3Vになるまで放電し、このときの放電容量を初期容量とした。
各電池を45℃の温度環境で1C=900mAの定電流で充電し、電池の電圧が4.2Vになった後、4.2Vの定電圧で充電電流値が50mAになるまで1回目の充電を行った。1回目の充電を行った電池に対し、1Cの定電流で電池電圧が3Vになるまで放電して1サイクル目の放電容量を求めた。そのうち、実施例3、4及び比較例4の電池放電容量と高温充放電サイクルの結果をまとめて図5に示した。
Claims (12)
- 前記ビニレン基又はビニル基を包含する化合物が、ビニレンカーボネート系化合物、ビニル基を包含するアクリレート系化合物、ビニル基を包含するスルホネート系化合物及びビニル基を包含するエチレンカーボネート系化合物からなる群より選択されたいずれか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記ハロゲンに置換された環状カーボネートと、ビニレン基又はビニル基を包含する化合物との混合重量比が、1:0.5〜1:5であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記アルコキシアルキル基を有するニトリル化合物が、メトキシアセトニトリル、メトキシプロピオニトリル、メトキシブチロニトリル、メトキシバレロニトリル、エトキシアセトニトリル、エトキシプロピオニトリル、エトキシブチロニトリル、エトキシバレロニトリルからなる群より選択されたいずれか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記リチウム塩の陰イオンが、F−、Cl−、Br−、I−、NO3 −、N(CN)2 −、BF4 −、ClO4 −、PF6 −、(CF3)2PF4 −、(CF3)3PF3 −、(CF3)4PF2 −、(CF3)5PF−、(CF3)6P−、CF3SO3 −、CF3CF2SO3 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(FSO2)2N−、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−、(CF3SO2)2CH−、(SF5)3C−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3(CF2)7SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、CH3CO2 −、SCN−及び(CF3CF2SO2)2N−からなる群より選択されたいずれか一種であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記有機溶媒が、線状カーボネート、環状カーボネート及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択されたいずれか一種のカーボネート化合物を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記カーボネート化合物が、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネートからなる群より選択されたいずれか一種又は二種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記カーボネートが線状カーボネートを含む場合、前記C2〜C12のアルコキシアルキル基を有するニトリル化合物が、線状カーボネート100重量部に対して1〜20重量部で含まれることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液。
- リチウム二次電池であって、
負極と、正極と、及び非水電解液とを備えてなり、
前記非水電解液が、請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用非水電解液であることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極が備えてなる正極活物質が、
LixCoO2[0.5<x<1.3]と、及び、Lix(NiaCobMnc)O2[0.5<x<1.3、0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1、a+b+c=1]との混合物、又は、
アルミニウムでコーティングされたLixCoO2[0.5<x<1.3]であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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