JP2012513427A - 白血球への効率的輸送 - Google Patents
白血球への効率的輸送 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
i)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその変異体を含むか、若しくはこれらからなる(ポリ)ペプチド、及び
ii)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、若しくはその変異体を含むか、又はこれらからなる(ポリ)ペプチド、
からなる群より選択される。
rは、D−鏡像異性体アルギニンを表し、
Xは、任意のL−アミノ酸であり、
前記Xは、配列番号252中の任意の他のXとは、個々に且つ独立に選択されてもよい。好ましくは、配列番号235中の前記6個のX(L−アミノ酸)のうちの少なくとも4個は、K又はRである。別の実施形態では、本発明に係るWBCを標的とする(ポリ)ペプチドは、配列rX1X2X3rX4X5X6r(配列番号235)(式中、X1はKであり、X2はKであり、X3はRであり、X4、X5、及びX6は、互いに独立に選択される任意のL−アミノ酸である)を含むか、又は前記配列からなる。同様に、本発明に係る輸送体コンストラクトは、配列rX1X2X3rX4X5X6r(配列番号235)(式中、X4はQであり、X5はRであり、X6はRであり、X1、X2、及びX3は、互いに独立に選択される任意のL−アミノ酸である)を含むか、又は前記配列から構成されてもよい。また、本発明の輸送体コンストラクトは、配列rX1X2X3rX4X5X6r(配列番号235)(式中、1個、2個、3個、4個、5個、又は6個のXアミノ酸残基が、以下からなる群より選択され:X1はKであり、X2はKであり、X3はRであり、X4はQであり、X5はRであり、X6はRである、一方上記群から選択されない残りのXアミノ酸残基は、任意のL−アミノ酸であってもよく、且つ互いに独立に選択される)を含むか、又は前記配列から構成されてもよい。X1は、Yであることが好ましい、及び/又は、X4は、K若しくはRであることが好ましい。上記配列の逆配列及び/又は化学誘導体、並びに配列番号235の実施形態も同様に考えられる。
i)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列を含むか、その(化学)誘導体、若しくはその変異体、又はこれらからなる(ポリ)ペプチド及び
ii)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、若しくはその変異体を含むか、又はこれらからなる(ポリ)ペプチド、
からなる群より選択される配列番号2の変異体である。
断片又は変異体の機能/活性は、例えば、トランスフェクション効率、積荷核酸によりコードされるタンパク質の正確な発現などの様々な試験により試験することができ、又は、例えば、分光法、コンピュータモデリング、構造解析などの生物物理学方法により試験することもできる。前記機能/活性は、(ポリ)ペプチドの疎水性領域及び親水性領域を同定するために利用できる親水性分析(例えば、Hopp and Woods,1981.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3824−3828)により分析して、実験操作のために基質の設計に役立てることもできる。(ポリ)ペプチド又はその変異体及び/若しくは断片の領域を同定するために二次構造解析を実施して、特定の構造モチーフを推測してもよい(例えば、Chou and Fasman,1974,Biochem 13:222−223を参照)。操作、翻訳、二次構造予測、親水性及び疎水性プロファイル、オープンリーディングフレーム予測及びプロッティング、並びに配列相同性の決定は、当該技術分野において入手可能なコンピュータソフトウェアプログラムを用いて行うことができる。構造解析の他の方法としては、例えば、X線結晶構造解析(例えば、Engstrom,1974.Biochem Exp Biol 11:7−13を参照)、質量分光測定及びガスクロマトグラフィー(例えば、METHODS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE,1997,J.Wiley and Sons,New York,NYを参照)が挙げられる。コンピュータモデリング(例えば、Fletterick and Zoller,eds.,1986.Computer Graphics and Molecular Modeling,In:CURRENT COMMUNICATIONS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,NY)を使用してもよい。
(i)放射性標識、即ち、放射性リン酸化、又は硫黄、水素、炭素、窒素などを含む放射性標識;
(ii)着色色素(例えば、ジゴキシゲニンなど);
(iii)蛍光基(例えば、フルオレセイン、ローダミン、以下に定義する蛍光色素タンパク質など);
(iv)化学発光基;
(v)(i)〜(iv)に記載の標識のうちの2以上の標識を組み合わせたものなどが挙げられる。
a)治療活性タンパク質及び/又は(ポリ)ペプチドを含むタンパク質及び/又は(ポリ)ペプチド、
b)タンパク質キナーゼであるc−Junアミノ末端キナーゼ又は因子の阻害剤を含むタンパク質キナーゼ阻害剤、
c)抗原、
d)抗体、
e)アポトーシス因子、
f)ペプチドプロテアーゼ阻害剤を含む、病状に関与しているプロテアーゼ、
g)BH3−ドメイン、
h)BH3−onlyタンパク質、
i)DNA、
j)siRNA、アンチセンスRNA、マイクロRNAを含むRNA、
k)細胞毒性剤、
l)小有機化合物、
m)小分子医薬、
n)金粒子、
o)蛍光色素、
p)抗生物質、並びに
q)静ウイルス剤など。
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HOXD13、HP、HPC1、HPD、HPE2、HPE1、HPFH、HPFH2、HPRT1、HPS1、HPT、HPV−E6、HPV−E7、HR、HRAS、HRD、HRG、HRPT2、HRPT1、HRX、HSD11B2、HSD17B3、HSD17B4、HSD3B2、HSD3B3、HSN1、HSP70−2M、HSPG2、HST−2、HTC2、HTC1、hTERT、HTN3、HTR2C、HVBS6、HVBS1、HVEC、HV1S、HYAL1、HYR、I−309、IAB、IBGC1、IBM2、ICAM1、ICAM3、iCE、ICHQ、ICR5、ICR1、ICS1、IDDM2、IDDM1、IDS、IDUA、IF、IFNa/b、IFNGR1、IGAD1、IGER、IGF−1R、IGF2R、IGF1、IGH、IGHC、IGHG2、IGHG1、IGHM、IGHR、IGKC、IHG1、IHH、IKBKG、IL1、IL−1 RA、IL10、IL−11、IL12、IL12RB1、IL13、IL−13Rα2、IL−15、IL−16、IL−17、IL18、IL−1a、IL−1α、IL−1b、IL−1β、IL1RAPL1、IL2、IL24、IL−2R、IL2RA、IL2RG、IL3、IL3RA、IL4、IL4R、IL4R、IL−5、IL6、IL−7、IL7R、IL−8、IL−9、未成熟ラミニン受容体、IMMP2L、INDX、INFGR1、INFGR2、INFα、IFN、INFγ、INS、INSR、INVS、IP−10、IP2、IPF1、IP1、IRF6、IRS1、ISCW、ITGA2、ITGA2B、ITGA6、ITGA7、ITGB2、ITGB3、ITGB4、ITIH1、ITM2B、IV、IVD、JAG1、JAK3、JBS、JBTS1、JMS、JPD、KAL1、KAL2、KALI、KLK2、KLK4、KCNA1、KCNE2、KCNE1、KCNH2、KCNJ1、KCNJ2、KCNJ1、KCNQ2、KCNQ3、KCNQ4、KCNQ1、KCS、KERA、KFM、KFS、KFSD、KHK、ki−67、KIAA0020、KIAA0205、KIAA0205/m、KIF1B、KIT、KK−LC−1、KLK3、KLKB1、KM−HN−1、KMS、KNG、KNO、K−RAS/m、KRAS2、KREV1、KRT1、KRT10、KRT12、KRT13、KRT14、KRT14L1、KRT14L2、KRT14L3、KRT16、KRT16L1、KRT16L2、KRT17、KRT18、KRT2A、KRT3、KRT4、KRT5、KRT6 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IX−抗原、MNG1、MN1、MOC31、MOCS2、MOCS1、MOG、MORC、MOS、MOV18、MPD1、MPE、MPFD、MPI、MPIF−1、MPL、MPO、MPS3C、MPZ、MRE11A、MROS、MRP1、MRP2、MRP3、MRSD、MRX14、MRX2、MRX20、MRX3、MRX40、MRXA、MRX1、MS、MS4A2、MSD、MSH2、MSH3、MSH6、MSS、MSSE、MSX2、MSX1、MTATP6、MTC03、MTCO1、MTCYB、MTHFR、MTM1、MTMR2、MTND2、MTND4、MTND5、MTND6、MTND1、MTP、MTR、MTRNR2、MTRNR1、MTRR、MTTE、MTTG、MTTI、MTTK、MTTL2、MTTL1、MTTN、MTTP、MTTS1、MUC1、MUC2、MUC4、MUC5AC、MUM−1、MUM−1/m、MUM−2、MUM−2/m、MUM−3、MUM−3/m、MUT、突然変異体p21ras、MUTYH、MVK、MX2、MXI1、MY05A、MYB、MYBPC3、MYC、MYCL2、MYH6、MYH7、MYL2、MYL3、MYMY、MYO15A、MYO1G、MYO5A、MYO7A、MYOC、ミオシン/m、MYP2、MYP1、NA88−A、N−アセチルグルコサミルトランスフェラーゼ−V、NAGA、NAGLU、NAMSD、NAPB、NAT2、NAT、NBIA1、NBS1、NCAM、NCF2、NCF1、NDN、NDP、NDUFS4、NDUFS7、NDUFS8、NDUFV1、NDUFV2、NEB、NEFH、NEM1、Neo−PAP、neo−PAP/m、NEU1、NEUROD1、NF2、NF1、NFYC/m、NGEP、NHS、NKS1、NKX2E、NM、NME1、NMP22、NMTC、NODAL、NOG、NOS3、NOTCH3、NOTCH1、NP、NPC2、NPC1、NPHL2、NPHP1、NPHS2、NPHS1、NPM/ALK、NPPA、NQO1、NR2E3、NR3C1、NR3C2、NRAS、NRAS/m、NRL、NROB1、NRTN、NSE、NSX、NTRK1、NUMA1、NXF2、NY−CO1、NY−ESO1、NY−ESO−B、NY−LU−12、ALDOA、NYS2、NYS4、NY−SAR−35、NYS1、NYX、OA3、OA1、OAP、OASD、OAT、OCA1、OCA2、OCD1、OCRL、OCRL1、OCT、ODDD、ODT1、OFC1、OFD1、OGDH、OGT、OGT/m、OPA2、OPA1、OPD1、OPEM、OPG、OPN、OPN1LW、OPN1MW、OPN1SW、OPPG、OPTB1、TTD、ORM1、ORP1、OS−9、OS−9/m、OSM LIF、OTC、OTOF、OTSC1、OXCT1、OYTES1、P15、P190 MINOR BCR−ABL、P2RY12、P3、P16、P40、P4HB、P−501、P53、P53/m、P97、PABPN1、PAFAH1B1、PAFAH1P1、PAGE−4、PAGE−5、PAH、PAI−1、PAI−2、PAK3、PAP、PAPPA、PARK2、PART−1、PATE、PAX2、PAX3、PAX6、PAX7、PAX8、PAX9、PBCA、PBCRA1、PBT、PBX1、PBXP1、PC、PCBD、PCCA、PCCB、PCK2、PCK1、PCLD、PCOS1、PCSK1、PDB1、PDCN、PDE6A、PDE6B、PDEF、PDGFB、PDGFR、PDGFRL、PDHA1、PDR、PDX1、PECAM1、PEE1、PEO1、PEPD、PEX10、PEX12、PEX13、PEX3、PEX5、PEX6、PEX7、PEX1、PF4、PFBI、PFC、PFKFB1、PFKM、PGAM2、PGD、PGK1、PGK1P1、PGL2、PGR、PGS、PHA2A、PHB、PHEX、PHGDH、PHKA2、PHKA1、PHKB、PHKG2、PHP、PHYH、PI、PI3、PIGA、PIM1−KINASE、PIN1、PIP5K1B、PITX2、PITX3、PKD2、PKD3、PKD1、PKDTS、PKHD1、PKLR、PKP1、PKU1、PLA2G2A、PLA2G7、PLAT、PLEC1、PLG、PLI、PLOD、PLP1、PMEL17、PML、PML/RARα、PMM2、PMP22、PMS2、PMS1、PNKD、PNLIP、POF1、POLA、POLH、POMC、PON2、PON1、PORC、POTE、POU1F1、POU3F4、POU4F3、POU1F1、PPAC、PPARG、PPCD、PPGB、PPH1、PPKB、PPMX、PPOX、PPP1
R3A、PPP2R2B、PPT1、PRAME、PRB、PRB3、PRCA1、PRCC、PRD、PRDX5/m、PRF1、PRG4、PRKAR1A、PRKCA、PRKDC、PRKWNK4、PRNP、PROC、PRODH、PROM1、PROP1、PROS1、PRST、PRP8、PRPF31、PRPF8、PRPH2、PRPS2、PRPS1、PRS、PRSS7、PRSS1、PRTN3、PRX、PSA、PSAP、PSCA、PSEN2、PSEN1、PSG1、PSGR、PSM、PSMA、PSORS1、PTC、PTCH、PTCH1、PTCH2、PTEN、PTGS1、PTH、PTHR1、PTLAH、PTOS1、PTPN12、PTPNI l、PTPRK、PTPRK/m、PTS、PUJO、PVR、PVRL1、PWCR、PXE、PXMP3、PXR1、PYGL、PYGM、QDPR、RAB27A、RAD54B、RAD54L、RAG2、RAGE、RAGE−1、RAG1、RAP1、RARA、RASA1、RBAF600/m、RB1、RBP4、RBP4、RBS、RCA1、RCAS1、RCCP2、RCD1、RCV1、RDH5、RDPA、RDS、RECQL2、RECQL3、RECQL4、REG1A、REHOBE、REN、RENBP、RENS1、RET、RFX5、RFXANK、RFXAP、RGR、RHAG、RHAMM/CD168、RHD、RHO、Rip−1、RLBP1、RLN2、RLN1、RLS、RMD1、RMRP、ROM1、ROR2、RP、RP1、RP14、RP17、RP2、RP6、RP9、RPD1、RPE65、RPGR、RPGRIP1、RP1、RP10、RPS19、RPS2、RPS4X、RPS4Y、RPS6KA3、RRAS2、RS1、RSN、RSS、RU1、RU2、RUNX2、RUNXl、RWS、RYR1、S−100、SAA1、SACS、SAG、SAGE、SALL1、SARDH、SART1、SART2、SART3、SAS、SAX1、SCA2、SCA4、SCA5、SCA7、SCA8、SCA1、SCC、SCCD、SCF、SCLC1、SCN1A、SCN1B、SCN4A、SCN5A、SCNN1A、SCNN1B、SCNN1G、SCO2、SCP1、SCZD2、SCZD3、SCZD4、SCZD6、SCZD1、SDF−1a/SDHA、SDHD、SDYS、SEDL、SERPENA7、SERPINA3、SERPINA6、SERPINA1、SERPINC1、SERPIND1、SERPINE1、SERPINF2、SERPING1、SERPINI1、SFTPA1、SFTPB、SFTPC、SFTPD、SGCA、SGCB、SGCD、SGCE、SGM1、SGSH、SGY−1、SH2D1A、SHBG、SHFM2、SHFM3、SHFM1、SHH、SHOX、SI、SIAL、SIALYL LEWISX、SIASD、S11、SIM1、SIRT2/m、SIX3、SJS1、SKP2、SLC10A2、SLC12A1、SLC12A3、SLC17A5、SLC19A2、SLC22A1L、SLC22A5、SLC25A13、SLC25A15、SLC25A20、SLC25A4、SLC25A5、SLC25A6、SLC26A2、SLC26A3、SLC26A4、SLC2A1、SLC2A2、SLC2A4、SLC3A1、SLC4A1、SLC4A4、SLC5A1、SLC5A5、SLC6A2、SLC6A3、SLC6A4、SLC7A7、SLC7A9、SLC11A1、SLOS、SMA、SMAD1、SMAL、SMARCB1、SMAX2、SMCR、SMCY、SM1、SMN2、SMN1、SMPD1、SNCA、SNRPN、SOD2、SOD3、SOD1、SOS1、SOST、SOX9、SOX10、Sp17、SPANXC、SPG23、SPG3A、SPG4、SPG5A、SPG5B、SPG6、SPG7、SPINK1、SPINK5、SPPK、SPPM、SPSMA、SPTA1、SPTB、SPTLC1、SRC、SRD5A2、SRPX、SRS、SRY、βhCG、SSTR2、SSX1、SSX2(HOM−MEL−40/SSX2)、SSX4、ST8、STAMP−1、STAR、STARP1、STATH、STEAP、STK2、STK11、STn/KLH、STO、STOM、STS、SUOX、SURF1、SURVIVIN−2B、SYCP1、SYM1、SYN1、SYNS1、SYP、SYT/SSX、SYT−SSX−1、SYT−SSX−2、TA−90、TAAL6、TACSTD1、TACSTD2、TAG72、TAF7L、TAF1、TAGE、TAG−72、TALI、TAM、TAP2、TAP1、TAPVR1、TARC、TARP、TAT、TAZ、TBP、TBX22、TBX3、TBX5、TBXA2R、TBXAS1、TCAP、TCF2、TCF1、TCIRG1、TCL2、TCL4、TCL1A、TCN2、TCOF1、TCR、TCRA、TDD、TDFA、TDRD1、TECK、TECTA、TEK、TEL/AML1、TELAB1、TEX15、TF、TFAP2B、TFE3、TFR2、TG、TGFA、TGF−β、TGFBI、TGFB1、TGFBR2、TGFBRE、TGFβ、TGFβRII、TGIF、TGM−4、TGM1、TH、THAS、THBD、THC、THC2、THM、THPO、THRA、THRB、TIMM8A、TIMP2、TIMP3、TIMP1、TITF1、TKCR、TKT、TLP、TLR1、TLR10、TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR4、TLR5、TLR6、TLR7、TLR8、TLR9、TLX1、TM4SF1、TM4SF2、TMC1、TMD、TMIP、TNDM、TNF、TNFRSF11A、TNFRSF1A、TNFRSF6、TNFSF5、TNFSF6、TNFα、TNFβ、TNNI3、TNNT2、TOC、TOP2A、TOP1、TP53、TP63、TPA、TPBG、TPI、TPI/m、TPI1、TPM3、TPM1、TPMT、TPO、TPS、TPTA、TRA、TRAG3、TRAPPC2、TRC8、TREH、TRG、TRH、TRIM32、TRIM37、TRP1、TRP2、TRP−2/6b、TRP−2/INT2、Trp−p8、TRPS1、TS、TSC2、TSC3、TSC1、TSG101、TSHB、TSHR、TSP−180、TST、TTGA2B、TTN、TTPA、TTR、TU M2−PK、TULP1、TWIST、TYH、TYR、TYROBP、TYROBP、TYRP1、TYS、UBE2A、UBE3A、UBE1、UCHL1、UFS、UGT1A、ULR、UMPK、UMPS、UOX、UPA、UQCRC1、URO5、UROD、UPK1B、UROS、USH2A、USH3A、USH1A、USH1C、USP9Y、UV24、VBCH、VCF、VDI、VDR、VEGF、VEGFR−2、VEGFR−1、VEGFR−2/FLK−1、VHL、VIM、VMD2、VMD1、VMGLOM、VNEZ、VNF、VP、VRNI、VWF、VWS、WAS、WBS2、WFS2、WFS1、WHCR、WHN、WISP3、WMS、WRN、WS2A、WS2B、WSN、WSS、WT2、WT3、WT1、WTS、WWS、XAGE、XDH、XIC、XIST、XK、XM、XPA、XPC、XRCC9、XS、ZAP70、ZFHX1B、ZFX、ZFY、ZIC2、ZIC3、ZNF145、ZNF261、ZNF35、ZNF41、ZNF6、ZNF198、ZWS1、又はこれらの断片若しくは変異体。かかる断片及び変異体は、上に定義された配列相同性又は配列同一性を示すことが好ましい。
a)白血球自体の欠陥により引き起こされる疾患及び/又は障害(WBCの欠陥が、疾患の主因である)、
b)WBCの欠陥が疾患の主因ではないが、WBCが前記疾患の病状及び症状の一因である疾患及び/又は障害(WBCは、疾患の副因である)、
c)WBCは、主因でも副因でもなく、WBCが有害な影響を与える訳でもないが、(本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を介して刺激される可能性がある)白血球の作用により治療、予防、減衰、又は回復することができる疾患及び/又は障害(及びその症状)。
i)輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子と、白血球と、を接触させる工程を含み、前記輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子が、
a)成分(A)として、HIV TATタンパク質(配列番号1)で表されるアミノ酸配列断片、変異体、又は前記断片の変異体を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、
b)成分(B)として、積荷分子、及び
c)1以上の更なる任意成分、
を含む方法に関する。
a)成分(A)として、HIV TATタンパク質(配列番号1)で表されるアミノ酸配列断片、変異体、又は前記断片の変異体を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、
b)成分(B)として、積荷分子、及び
c)1以上の更なる任意成分、
を含む白血球に関する。
2つのプロリン残基からなるリンカーを介して、配列番号121のC末端を、配列番号3に係るHIV−TAT4g 57(Vives et al.,J Biol.Chem.272:16010(1997))に由来するN末端の10アミノ酸長のキャリアペプチドに共有結合させることにより、配列番号234(L−TAT−IB1(s))に係るJNK阻害剤融合タンパク質を合成した。このリンカーを用いて、可動性を最大化させ、且つ不要な二次構造変化を防いだ。基本構造も調製し、それぞれ、L−IB1(s)(配列番号121)及びL−TAT(配列番号3)と命名した。
本発明のペプチドは、自然界で生じるタンパク質分解を防ぐために、逆向きに合成された全てがDアミノ酸であるペプチド(即ち、全−D−レトロインベルソ型ペプチド)であってよい。本発明の全−D−レトロインベルソ型ペプチドは、ネイティブなペプチドに類似の機能性を有するペプチドであって、成分であるアミノ酸の側基は天然のペプチドアラインメントに一致しているが、耐プロテアーゼ性主鎖を保持しているペプチドを提供する。
ネイティブなプロテアーゼによる分解からD−TAT−IB(s)ペプチドを保護することに起因する、ネイティブなL−アミノ酸類似体と比較したときの、D−TAT−IB1(s)(XG−102;dqsrpvqpflnlttprkprpprrrqrrkkrg;配列番号233)レトロインベルソ型含有ペプチドヘテロコンジュゲート(上記キメラ配列を参照されたい)の長期生物学的活性を予測する。
a)試験系:
i)種/系統:マウス/BALB/c
ii)供給元:Harlan Israel,Ltd.
iii)性別:雌
iv)動物の総数:n=150
v)年齢:若い成体、実験開始時7週齢
vi)体重:処理開始時における動物の体重差は、平均体重の±20%を超えない
vii)動物の健康:この実験で用いられる動物の健康状態は、到着時に評価し、健康状態が良好な動物のみを研究室条件に順化させ(少なくとも7日間)、実験に用いる。
viii)無作為化:乱数表に従って、動物を実験群に無作為に割り付けた。
ix)終了:実験の終わりに生存している動物を頚椎脱臼により安楽死させる。
以下の表に、実験に含まれる実験群について示す。
50%エタノールに溶解させたTNBSを投与することにより結腸炎を誘導した。
i)臨床徴候
上記実験期間中、慎重に臨床検査を実施し、記録した。例えば、皮膚、毛、眼、粘膜の外観、分泌及び排泄(例えば、下痢)の発生、並びに自律活性の変化を観察した。歩行、姿勢、及び取扱に対する反応の変化に加えて、異常な挙動、振せん、痙攣、睡眠、及び昏睡の発生についても記録した。
毎日動物の個々の体重を測定した。
体重、便の硬さ、及び経直腸出血を全て毎日記録し、疾患重篤度スコアのパラメータとして使用した。
実験の最終日、動物を安楽死させ、以下のスコアに従って肉眼で病理評価するために結腸を摘出した。
i)臨床徴候
XG−102(配列番号233)で処理した後の臨床検査中、異常は観察されなかった。
死亡は観察されなかった。
TNBSは、1日目に有意な体重減少を誘導した。XG−102(配列番号233)投与により、体重減少が阻止されたか、又は症状が回復し、治癒が支持された。
TNBSを注射したビヒクル処理動物は、実験1日目で最大スコアに達し、僅か実験5日目又はそれ以降に完全に治癒した。スルファサラジン処理により、臨床スコアが低下した。上に定義された任意の用量、経路、又はタイムスケジュールを用いて投与されたXG−102(配列番号233)(単回投与又は日用量)では、一般的に用いられるレファレンス薬剤であるスルファサラジンで観察された以上の効果が得られた。
実験の最後に肉眼で分析することにより、TNBSを注射したビヒクル処理動物は、結腸に沿って浮腫及び潰瘍による損傷を受けたことが明らかになった。スルファサラジンは、十分肉眼病理スコアを低下させるのに有効であった。
結腸の長さに対する疾患誘導又は治療の影響は見られなかった。
結腸の長さに対する疾患誘導又は治療の影響は見られなかった。
上記実験条件下で得られた、生存中のデータに限定されている上記知見では、SC又はPO投与された配列番号233に係る例示的配列XG−102は、疾患の治癒を促進する活性を有していた。
慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)の治療における、例示的な全−D−レトロインベルソ型IB(s)ペプチド(配列番号233)の活性を測定するために、XG−102(配列番号233)を、ブレオマイシン誘導性急性肺炎症及び線維症の動物モデルにおいて用いる。ブレオマイシンによって炎症及び線維症を誘導するためのプロトコルは、文献中に既に記載されている。実験の目的は、
−ブレオマイシン単回投与(10mg/kg)後1日目、及び
−線維症の発現した10日目、の
ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症及び線維症における気管支肺胞洗浄(BAL)及び肺の好中球動員に対する皮下(s.c.)経路によるXG−102(配列番号233)の効果を調べることにあった。
ブレオマイシンの鼻腔内単回投与と共に、2種の用量の試験化合物XG−102(配列番号233)及びビヒクル対照をs.c.投与し、1日後及び10日後にマウスを分析した。モデル動物として1群当たり10匹のC57BL/6マウス(8週齢)を用いた。実験群は、ビヒクル、0.001mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)及び0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)を含んでおり、処理は、ブレオマイシン投与前、次いで3日に1回、XG−102(配列番号233)を反復皮下投与することから構成された。24時間目に、BAL洗浄、細胞診断、細胞数、及び肺ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性により急性肺炎症をモニタした。化合物の効果をビヒクル対照と比較した。ブレオマイシンの単回投与の10日後、ヘマトキシリン及びエオシン染色を用いて肺線維症を組織学的に評価した。
軽いケタミン−ケタミン麻酔下で40μLの体積を鼻腔滴下注入することにより、気道を通じてBellon Laboratories(Montrouge,France)製の硫酸ブレオマイシン−生理食塩水溶液(10mg/kg体重)又は生理食塩水を投与した。ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症及び線維症の両方についてブレオマイシン投与は、以下を含んでいた:ビヒクル、0.001mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)及び0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)。ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症についての投与経路は、皮下(s.c.)経路であり、単回用量として投与した。ブレオマイシン誘導性線維症についての投与経路は皮下(s.c.)経路であり、10日間に3回投与した。
気管の切開した後、プラスチック製カニューレを挿入し、0.3mLのPBS溶液を用いて気腔を洗浄し、37℃に加熱した。回収したサンプルを2つの画分に分けた:第1の画分(最初の2回の洗浄に相当する1mL)は、メディエータの測定に用い、第2の画分は、細胞決定のために用いた(4mL)。第1の画分を遠心分離し(600gで10分間)、上清を分画し、メディエータ測定まで−80℃で保存した。次いで、細胞ペレットを0.4mLの無菌NaCl(0.9%)に再懸濁させ、第2の画分と共に保存し、細胞計数のために用いた。
BAL後、全肺を摘出し、1mLのPBSと共にマイクロチューブ(Lysing matrix D,Q Bio Gene,Illkrich,France)内に入れ、Fastprep(登録商標)システム(FP120,Q Bio Gene,Illkrich,France)を用いて全肺組織抽出物を調製し、次いで、前記抽出物を遠心分離し、メディエータ測定及びSircol Collagen Assay(France Biochem Division,France)を用いるコラーゲンアッセイまで−80℃で上清を保存した。
Malassez血球計を用いてBAL流体中の全細胞数を決定した。MGG Diff−quick(Dade Behring AG)で染色した後、サイトスピン標本(Cytospin3,Thermo Shandon)に対してディファレンシャル・セル・カウントを実施した。標準的な形態学的基準を用いて200細胞に対してディファレンシャル・セル・カウントを行った。
製造業者の説明書に従って、ELISAアッセイキット(Mouse DuoSet,R&Dsystem,Minneapolis,USA)を用いてBALF中のTNF濃度を測定した。結果をpg/mLで報告する。
XG−102投与時にMPO濃度を測定した。この実験では、ブレオマイシン投与後、MPOは有意に誘導されなかった。更に、XG−102は、肺内のMPO濃度に対して効果を有しなかった。
BAL及び肺灌流後、標準的な顕微鏡解析のために4%緩衝ホルムアルデヒドで大葉を固定した。3−mの切片をヘマトキシリン及びエオシン(H&E)で染色した。
A)第1の実験:ブレオマイシン(BLM)誘導性急性肺炎症
群:ビヒクル、XG−102(配列番号233)0.001mg/kg、及びXG−102(配列番号233)0.1mg/kg
経路:s.c.経路、単回用量
0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)は、好中球動員、及び炎症段階中に動員される全細胞数を有意に減少させる。0.001mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)は、好中球動員、又は他の細胞型の気管支肺胞腔への動員に対して効果を有しない(1つの例示的実験では、1群当たり5匹のマウスを用いる;*、p<0.05;**、p<0.001)。
ミエロペルオキシダーゼ(MPO)は、ホストの防御系において重要な役割を果たしている。この53kDaの重鎖2本と15kDaの軽鎖2本からなる140kDaのタンパク質は、1960年代に最初に発見された。白血球の活性化に応答して好中球及び単球の顆粒からMPOが放出されることにより、過酸化水素及び塩化物イオンが、強力な酸化剤である次亜塩素酸(HOCl)に変換される。MPOは、防御系において重要な目的を果たしているが、MPOは、幾つかの炎症状態においても何らかの役割を果たしており、例えば、MPO濃度の上昇が冠動脈性疾患に関連していることが様々な研究によって示されている。更に、組織のMPO濃度は、好中球の活性化の状態を反映し、好中球の組織浸潤に関する指標を与える。
TNF濃度を測定すると、XG−102(配列番号233)投与後にBALF中のTNF濃度が低下する傾向が見られたが、BLM投与後のTNF濃度は非常に低かった。
0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)は、気管支肺胞腔への好中球及び全細胞動員を減少させ、TNF濃度を低下させる傾向を誘導することが観察できた。更に、組織学的なスライドを用いた実験により、気管支周囲腔における炎症性細胞の蓄積が減少することが示された。したがって、XG−102(配列番号233)は、ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症を低減すると結論付けることができる。
群:ビヒクル、XG−102(配列番号233)0.001mg/kg、及びXG−102(配列番号233)0.1mg/kg
経路:s.c.経路、10日間に3回
0.001mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)は、リンパ球動員、及びこの点でリンパ球動員を特徴とする炎症段階中に動員される全細胞数を有意に減少させた。0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)は、効果を有していなかった(1群当たり5匹のマウス;*、p<0.05;**、p<0.001)。
3μmの肺切片をヘマトキシリン及びエオシンで染色した。BLM投与の10日後、炎症性細胞の蓄積、線維症の面積、肺構造の喪失について観察した。低用量(0.001mg/kg)のXG−102投与後にはこれらパラメータの低下が観察されたが、高用量(0.1mg/kg)では観察されなかった。
0.001mg/kgという低用量で3回投与されたXG−102(配列番号233)は、ブレオマイシン誘導後炎症を低減すると結論付けることができ、特に、この時リンパ球動員が観察された。更に、低用量で3回投与された試験物質は、ブレオマイシン誘導性線維症を減衰させる。保存されている肺構造が多く、線維症領域がそれ程拡大していないことを観察することができた。
アルツハイマー病における例示的な全−D−レトロインベルソ型IB(s)ペプチドXG−102(配列番号233)の活性を測定するために、Morris水迷路行動試験に加えて、斑の量を測定する免疫組織学的試験、及びマウスの脳内のβ−アミロイド1−40及びβ−アミロイド1−42量を測定するELISA試験を用いて、ロンドン型及びスウェーデン型突然変異を有するAPP751過剰発現hAPPトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおいて、XG−102(配列番号233)を評価した。
i)緒言
5月(±2週)齢の雌のhAPP Tgマウスを用いて、試験物質(XG−102、配列番号233)の行動、生化学的マーカー、及び組織学的マーカーに対する有効性を評価するためにこの実験を設計した。したがって、最高4ヶ月間2又は3週間に1回マウスを処理し、処理期間の最後にMorris水迷路において行動を評価した。屠殺時、脳、CSF、及び血液を回収した。4つの異なる脳ホモジネート画分、及びTgマウスのCSFにおけるAβ40及びAβ42量を測定した。1処理群当たり8匹のTgマウスの皮質及び海馬における斑の量を定量した。
バックグラウンドがC57BL/6xDBAである5月(±2週)齢の雌Tgマウスを、処理群1〜3(n=12)に無作為に割り付けた。5月齢で開始して、最高4ヶ月間、ビヒクル又は2種の異なる濃度のXG−102(配列番号233)を2又は3週間に1回動物に皮下(s.c.)投与した。本実験に用いた全ての動物は、濃い色の眼を有しており、MWMプールの外側にある目印を知覚すると考えられた。しかし、実験のために囲いの中に残してある動物を含む全ての動物について、処理開始前の可視プラットフォーム訓練、所謂予備試験で照査された視力の低い動物は除外しなければならなかった。特定の動物において視力障害が確認された場合、そのマウスを実験から除外した。
マウスは、耳印により個々に識別した。マウスは、Rettenmaier(登録商標)により供給されている標準的な齧歯類用床敷上の個別換気ケージ(IVC)内で飼育した。各ケージに最大5匹のマウスを収容した。国際規格に基づいて書かれたJSWの標準業務手順書(SOP GEN011)に従ってマウスを維持した。実験番号、性別、動物の個体識別番号(IRN)、誕生日、並びにスクリーニングの日付、及び処理群の割り付けを示す色付きカードにより各ケージを識別した。実験中は、温度を約24℃に維持し、相対湿度は、約40%〜70%で維持した。一定の光サイクル(12時間明/暗)下で動物を飼育した。動物は、通常の水道水を自由に摂取可能であった。
40匹の雌hAPPトランスジェニックマウスを、4ヶ月間、2種の異なる投与量の試験物質XG−102(配列番号233)を用いて、2週間に1回0.1mg/kgをb.w.処理するか、3週間に1回10mg/kgをb.w.処理するか(n=12/群)、又はビヒクルで3週間に1回s.c.処理した(n=12)。
直径100cmの黒色円形プールでモリス水迷路(MWM)試験を実施した。22±1℃の温度の水道水を充填し、仮想的にプールを4つの区域に分けた。透明なプラットフォーム(直径8cm)を水表面の約0.5cm下に配置した。予備試験を除いた全試験期間中、プラットフォームは、プールの南西象限に位置していた。4日間の訓練期間の前日、動物に所謂「予備試験」(60秒間試行を2回)を実施して、各動物の視力が正常であることを確かめる必要があった。このタスクを遂行した動物のみをMWM試験に用いた。MWMタスクにおいて、各マウスは、連続4日間3回の試行を実施しなければならなかった。1回の試行は、最大1分間続いた。この時間中、マウスは、隠されている透明な標的を見つけ出す機会を有していた。動物が水からの「道」を見つけ出すことができなかった場合、調査者が、マウスをプラットフォームに誘導するか、又はプラットフォーム上に置いた。各試行後、10秒間〜15秒間マウスをプラットフォーム上に静置させた。この時間中、マウスは、周囲を見て位置を確かめる機会を有していた。追跡システム(Kaminski;PCS,Biomedical Research Systems)に悪影響を与えないために、薄暗い光条件下で調査を実施した。プールの周囲の壁には、黒色のボールド体の幾何学的記号(例えば、円形及び四角形)が描かれたポスターが固定されており、マウスは、位置を確かめるための目印としてその記号を用いることができた。約5分間〜約10分間の試行間隔が保証されるように、1試行当たりの1遊泳群は、5匹〜6匹のマウスから構成されていた。逃避潜時(マウスが隠されているプラットフォームを見つけ出して、水から逃避するのに必要な時間(秒))、経路(標的に到達するまでの軌道の長さ(メートル))及び目的の象限における滞在時間を定量するために、コンピュータ化された追跡システムを用いた。プールの中央上方に配置されたカメラにコンピュータを接続した。カメラは、マウスの尾つけられた小さなヘアピンに固定されている発光ダイオード(LED)のシグナルを検出した。4日目の最後の試行の1時間後、マウスは、所謂プローブ試行を行わなければならなかった。この時に、プラットフォームをプールから除去し、1分間のプローブ試行中、実験者は、以前標的が存在していた位置を通過した回数を計数した。更に、この象限における滞在時間と他の3つの象限における滞在時間とを計算した。この試行を通して、マウスは、どんな性質を有していようと、プラットフォームから何の手がかりも得ることができなかった。
処理期間の終わり、及び全ての行動試験後に、全ての生存マウス(n=28)を屠殺した。したがって、SOP MET030に記載されているように、標準的な吸入麻酔(Isofluran,Baxter)によって全てのマウスを鎮静させた。大後頭孔を鈍的切開し、露出させることにより、脳脊髄液(CSF)を得た。露出時、パスツールピペットを大後頭孔の約0.3mm〜1mmの深さに挿入した。流れが完全に停止するまで、吸引及び毛管作用によりCSFを回収した。各サンプルの2つのアリコートを直ちに冷凍し、ELISA技術を用いた更なる分析の準備が整うまで−80℃で保存した。CSFのサンプリング後、各マウスを背殿位にし、胸郭を開いて、1ccのシリンジに取り付けられた26ゲージの針を右心室に挿入した。針を軽く吸引して、血液をEDTAに回収し、血漿を得るために用いた。血漿を得るために、スウィングバケット(GH−3.8Beckman)を備えるロータを用いて、遠心分離機(GS−6R Beckman)内で10分間1,750rpm(700g)にて各マウスの血液サンプルを回転させた。血漿を冷凍し、更なる分析まで−20℃で保存した。血液をサンプリングした後、トランスジェニックマウスの心臓を0.9%の塩化ナトリウムで灌流した。脳を速やかに摘出し、小脳を切除した。全てのマウスの右半球を、室温で1時間、新たに作製した4%のパラホルムアルデヒド/PBS(pH7.4)に浸漬して固定した。その後、脳を15%スクロースPBS溶液に移して24時間浸漬させ、確実に低温保護した。次の日、脳をイソペンタン中で凍結させ、組織学的調査(SOP MET042)に用いるまで−80℃で保存した。左半球を計量し、液体窒素中で冷凍し、生化学的分析のために−80℃で保存した。
各Tgマウスの4つの異なる脳ホモジネート画分中、及びCSFサンプル中のAβ1−40及びAβ1−42量を、ELISA技術を用いて評価した。高感度Aβ1−40及びAβ1−42ELISA試験キットは、The Genetics Company(商標),Switzerland(SOP MET058)から購入した。CSFを上記のように調製した。脳ホモジネートの冷凍した半球を、プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテルを含有しているTRIS緩衝生理食塩水(TBS)−バッファ(5mL)中でホモジネートした。この初期脳TBSホモジネート1.25mLを−80℃で保存し、1.25mLを更に調べた。残りの脳ホモジネート(2.5mL)を遠心分離し、得られた上清(=TBS画分)を分注し、ELISA測定まで−20℃で保存した。ペレットをTritonX−100(2.5mL)に懸濁させ、遠心分離し、上清(=TritonX−100画分)を分注し、−20℃で保存した。SDS(2.5mL)を用いてこれら工程を繰り返した。SDS画分のペレットを70%ギ酸(0.5mL)に懸濁させた後、遠心分離した。得られた上清を1mol/L(M)のTRIS(9.5mL)で中和し、分注し、−20℃で保存した(=FA画分)。4つの脳ホモジネート画分(TBS、TritonX−100、SDS、及びFA)のサンプルを、ELISA技術を用いたAβ1−40及びAβ1−42測定に用いた。ELISA試験キットは、The Genetics Company(商標),Switzerland(SOP MET062)から購入した。TBS及びTritonX−100は、モノマー〜オリゴマー構造を可溶化させたと推測することができた。ポリマー様前原線維及び水不溶性線維は、SDS及びFAに溶解することができた。これに関して、全ての4つの画分を調べることにより、Aの重合状態についての洞察が得られる。
調査した全てのTg動物の脳組織は、この手順のばらつきによるバイアスを避けるために正確に同じ方法で操作した。24匹のTgマウス(各群8匹)の脳の半分から、それぞれ厚さ10μmである1層当たり(全部で5層)20枚の凍結切片(Leica CM 3050S)を矢状に切断し、5枚(各層から1枚)を処理し、斑の量を定量するために評価した。5枚の矢状層は、Paxinos及びFranklinによる形態学アトラス“The Mouse Brain”(第2版)の図104〜105、図107〜108、図111〜112、図115〜116、及び図118〜119に相当していた。第1の層は、領域CA1、CA2、CA3、GD1b、及びGDmbと共に海馬全体を含むという要件により特定した。モノクローナルヒトAβ−特異的抗体6E10(Signet)及びチオフラビンS染色を用いて、海馬及び皮質で免疫反応性を定量的に評価した。用いなかった残りの脳半球又は組織は、プロジェクトの終わりまでJSW CNSで保存した。
i)行動
モリス水迷路試行において、遊泳距離の長さ、逃避潜時、遊泳速度、プローブ試行において以前プラットフォームが存在していた位置を通過した回数、及びプールの各象限における滞在時間を、特別なコンピュータソフトウェアを用いて各Tg動物について測定した。
全てのTgマウスのCSFサンプル及び脳標本のサンプルを、市販のAβ1−40及びAβ1−42ELISAを用いて分析した。適切な標準の測定も同時に実施した。脳標本のサンプルは2連で分析した。少量しかなかったので、CSFサンプルは1回しか測定できなかった。
il)アミロイド沈着及び斑の量の測定
6E10免疫組織化学のために以下の評価手順を用いた:
aa)画像にコントラストを適用することなしに、切片の境界を可視化するために画像を対比させる。
bb)皮質の輪郭を対話型線描し、皮質領域(=領域の面積)を測定する。
cc)対象領域(AOI)を対話型線描し、ここでは閾値レベル(各画像について同じ)に基づいて特定の強度を超え、且つ大きさが8μm2を超えている染色された対象が検出される。
dd)各対象の面積、AOIにおける染色領域の合計、及びシグナル/ノイズ比(各画像について同じ)を高めるために滑らかに対比させた後の対象数を測定する。
ee)海馬についてaa)〜dd)を繰り返す。
ff)平均斑サイズ(=「斑面積の合計/斑の数」)、相対斑数及び面積(=「斑の数/領域の面積」及び「斑の合計面積/領域の面積×100」)を計算する。
gg)エクセルのスプレッドシートに、パラメータ「画像タイトル、領域の面積、斑の数、斑の合計面積、相対斑数、相対斑面積、及び平均斑サイズ」を含むデータを自動的にエクスポートする。所見用のフィールドを用いて、それぞれ画像の品質及び除外基準を記録した。除外基準は、切片の一部が欠けている、しわが多い、大きな傷、又は染色の不整合(例えば、ブロッキング試薬の十分な反応を妨げる恐れがある膨張のため)であった。
hh)セーブせずに画像を閉じる(生データをそのまま保存するため)。
i)全体的な観察
合計40匹の雌hAPP Tgマウスを実験に用いた。理由は不明であるが、これらマウスのうちの12匹は、処理期間が終了する前に死亡した。
MWMにおける空間学習は、XG−102(配列番号233)処理により広く影響を受けることはなかった。0.1mg/kg処理マウスは、1日目〜4日目の間学習成績が低下する傾向を示した。1日目〜4日目における平均成績に対する双方向ANOVAにより、全ての群で非常に有意な学習(p<0.001)だけでなく、因子処理の有意な影響(p=0.045)も明らかになった。しかし、ボンフェローニ法で補正した後は、有意差に達しなかった。
aa)脳ホモジネート画分におけるAβ量
試験化合物XG−102(配列番号233)による処理は、脳ホモジネートのAβ1−40量に影響を与えなかった。TritonX−100でのみAβ1−40量の群間差が見られた。これら、低用量の試験化合物XG−102(配列番号233)(0.1mg/kg)で処理された動物は、ビヒクル群(p<0.05)及び高用量群(P<0.01)と比べて有意な低下を示した。
試験物質XG−102(配列番号233)で処理した後、Aβ1−40及びAβ1−42量は、ビヒクル群に比べてCSFで有意に減少した。Aβ1−40及びAβ1−42の両方についてのp値は、XG−102(配列番号233)の高用量(10mg/kg)ではp<0.01、低用量ではp<0.05であった。
aa)アミロイド沈着及び斑の量
2つの異なる方法により斑の量を定量した。一方では、ヒトアミロイドペプチドのAA1−17に主に対する6E10を用いたIHC染色を実施し、他方では、β−シート構造及び成熟老人斑のコアを標識するチオフラビンS染色を実施した。先ず第一に、測定した領域の面積(皮質及び海馬)は、全群で極めて一定であり、これは、切断及びIHC手順における問題を除外することができ、また処理によってある程度萎縮が誘導された(この方法では5%超の変化が検出される)ことを示す。6E10及びチオフラビンSの定量により、XG−102(配列番号233)処理後、斑の中心におけるβ−シート構造が選択的に減少したが、ヒトアミロイドは、処理によって影響を受けないか又は僅かに増加したことが明らかになった。詳細には、皮質6E10 IR斑の量は、10mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)で処理されたマウスにおいて、ビヒクルよりも増加したが、海馬の斑の数については有意なレベルに達していた。6E10 IHCとは対照的に、XG−102(配列番号233)処理は、海馬のチオフラビンS陽性斑の数及び領域の割合の負に用量依存的な減少を導いた(斑の数:XG−102(配列番号233)10mg/kgではp<0.05、0.1mg/kgではp<0.01)。また、0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)処理は、平均斑サイズを低下させたが、この効果は、ANOVA(対応のない、両側T検定:p=0.074)において有意なレベルには達しなかった。これら効果は、皮質斑については見られず、これは恐らく海馬における斑の病理が皮質よりも後で発症するためである。5月齢で処理を開始すれば、海馬の斑沈着の時点が正確に捉えられ、一方、皮質の斑は、3月齢時点で定量するために用いた倍率で見え始める。6E10対チオフラビンS染色斑の比率は定量的に増加し、二重標識された切片で見られるように、β−シート斑コアの大きさは小さくなり始める。要約すると、これらのデータは、XG−102(配列番号233)処理が、それぞれ、斑沈着の初期相におけるβ−シート形成、及び斑のコアにおけるβ−シート形成に対して作用することを示唆する。
・モリス水迷路で測定された空間ナビゲーションは、処理によって広く影響を受けることはなかった。0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)処理により、訓練の開始日と最終日との間の学習成績が僅かに低下した。
・0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)群のTritonX−100画分において減少したことを除いて、脳内のAβ1−40及びAβ1−42量は安定していた。
・両方の投与量及び断片について、CSFにおけるAβ量の低下が検出可能であった。
・XG−102(配列番号233)処理は、6E10定量において、高用量群のヒトアミロイドβの増加傾向を導き、これはAβのELISAで得られたデータと一致している。
・チオフラビンS染色により検出された海馬のβ−シート量が、XG−102(配列番号233)処理後に用量依存的に減少した(低用量0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)では高程度)のとは対照的に、皮質の斑の量は変化しないままであった。処理開始時の海馬における斑沈着の年齢依存的発症によって、斑沈着の初期相におけるβ−シート形成に対する早期作用が暗示されることが示唆される。
目的は、2型糖尿病の治療におけるIB(s)ペプチド、全−D−レトロインベルソ型IB(s)ペプチド及びその変異体の活性を測定することにあり、具体的には、3日間に1回(28日間)空腹時血中グルコース濃度を評価することにより、2型糖尿病のdb/dbマウスモデルにおけるXG−102(配列番号233)慢性処理の効果を判定することにあった。
i)動物
合計20匹の雄db/dbマウス(8週齢)を、Charles River(Germany)から購入した。到着時、動物を集団飼育(n=6〜7/群)し、特に明記しない限り、通常の齧歯類用食餌(Altromin standard#1324chow;C.Petersen,Ringsted,Denmark)及び水を自由に与えた。
マウスは、12:12L/Dサイクル下で(4:00に点灯し、16:00に消灯する)、温度と湿度が制御された部屋の中で飼育した。
4日目、血中グルコース濃度(空腹時;Biosen S line analyzer(EKF diagnostic,Germany)を用いて測定される血中グルコース)に従ってマウスを無作為化して、以下の薬剤処理群(n=6)のうちの1つに割り付けた:
1)ビヒクル対照、S.C.(生理学的食塩水)
2)XG−102(配列番号233);1mg/kg;s.c.
3)XG−102(配列番号233);10mg/kg;s.c.。
上記全ての用量は、遊離塩基について計算した。薬剤の純度は95.28%、ペプチド含量は78.0%であった。全ての化合物は、3mL/kgの体積を皮下(s.c.)投与した。ビヒクル対照及びXG−102(配列番号233)の製剤手順は以下の通りであった。
・原液の調製:凍結乾燥させた試験化合物XG−102(配列番号233)を最低1時間解凍し、1mmol/L(mM)(3.823mg/mLに相当)のビヒクル原液として調製した。各処理日用にアリコートを調製し、約−80℃で保存した。各処理日に、この原液を必要な濃度に希釈する。
・原液の保存:約−80℃;
・希釈調整品の保存:最高室温で24時間。
8日間順化させた後、アウトライン群に従って、PM4:00に消灯する8時間前にSC投与することにより、21日間AM8:00に1日1回マウスを処理した。次いで、実験21日目に、最高濃度のXG−102(配列番号233(10mg/kg))の投与を停止したが、ビヒクル対照及びXG−102(配列番号233(1mg/kg))の1日1回投与は、実験28日目まで継続した。28日目から111日目に終了するまで、ウォッシュアウト(休薬)期間のビヒクル及びXG−102(配列番号233(10mg/kg))処理したマウスを観察したが、XG−102(配列番号233(1mg/kg))で処理したマウスは、処理の28日後に終了した。
血中グルコースは、尾静脈からヘマトクリット管に血液サンプル10μLを回収し、次いで、Biosen s−line analyzer(EKF−diagnostic;Germany)で分析することにより、7時間絶食した動物の投与後6時間の血中グルコースを測定した。
群1+3:24時間の食餌及び水の摂取に加えて、24時間の尿及び便の排泄を記録するために、マウスを代謝ケージに入れた。マウスをn=6〜7の2つのサブチームに階層化し、次いで、実験71日目〜72日目に代謝特性評価を実施した。
群1+3:EDTAでコーティングされたヘマトクリット管(100μL)を用いて尾静脈から血液を3回(実験57日目、66日目、及び108日目)回収した。血液を遠心分離した後、血漿を回収し、測定まで−20℃で保存した。次いで、アディポカイン/サイトカインの以下のパネルを、Luminex系7−plex:レプチン、レジスチン、MCP−1、PAI−1、TNFα、インスリン、及びインターロイキン−6(IL−6)を用いて測定した。
群1+3(111日目):以下の器官を切除し、計量した:鼡径部の皮下脂肪、精巣上体脂肪、腹膜後脂肪、脳、肝臓、腎臓、脾臓、及び心臓。上記全ての器官のサンプルを、将来的に組織病理学的評価を行うことができるように4%PFAで固定した。また、立体解析及び免疫組織学的分析が可能であるように膵臓(総括的に)をサンプリングし、後で網膜症について分析できるように眼をサンプリングした。群2(28日目):組織又は血漿を回収しなかった。
i)全体的な観察
急性投与期間中、動物は、正常なレベルの覚醒及び活動を示し、薬剤処理された動物に鎮静の徴候は見られなかった。ビヒクル処理した動物の食餌及び水の摂取は、正常の範囲内であった。しかし、投与の約2週間後、高用量のXG−102(配列番号233)化合物に対する応答として、皮下組織で結節性線維症が観察され、これらは、C群の全てのマウスにおいて開放創に進行した。B群では、軽度の結節性線維症が観察された。結果として、注射部位を交互に用いた。動物の投与終了後、動物を治癒させ、結節性線維症は次第に消失した。ビヒクル処理動物において臨床的効果は見られなかった。
A群及びC群において、68日目まで3日間に1回空腹時血中グルコース(絶対及び相対濃度)を測定し、111日目に終了するまで定期的に測定した。XG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)で処理した糖尿病db/dbマウスの空腹時血中グルコース濃度は、ビヒクル対照と比べて明らかに且つ有意に(p<0.001)低下することが観察された。XG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)で処理されたマウスの空腹時血中グルコース濃度は、約5mmol/L(mM)の低平坦域に達した。この効果は、投与の14日後に明らかとなり、実験期間中、即ち21日目〜11日目の全ウォッシュアウト期間中持続した。対照的に、28日間の投与中、低用量のXG−102(配列番号233)(1mg/kg)による効果は見られなかった。
XG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)で処理したマウスでは、ビヒクル対照と比べて明らかに且つ有意に(p<0.001)体重増加が抑制されることが観察された。この効果は、投与28日目に明らかになり、111日目に終了するまで持続した。対照的に、28日間の投与中、低用量のXG−102(配列番号233)(1mg/kg)の体重に対する効果は見られなかった。
実験68日目に代謝ケージで測定したときの、24時間の食餌及び水の摂取、並びに尿及び便の排泄に対するビヒクル又はXG−102(配列番号233)の効果(体重(g)に対して正規化)について調べた。食餌の摂取、及び尿排泄の減少傾向が見られたが、ビヒクル対照と比べて、測定したパラメータのいずれかに対するXG−102(配列番号233)の有意な効果は見られなかった。
57日目、77日目、及び108日目に測定したときの、インスリン、MCP−1、IL−6の血漿濃度、tPAI−1、TNF、及びレジスチンの血漿濃度に対するビヒクル又はXG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)の効果を分析した。77日目及び108日目に、XG−102(配列番号233)処理された動物で血漿レジスチン濃度が有意に高かったことを除いて、ビヒクル対照と比べたとき、測定されたパラメータのいずれかに対するXG−102(配列番号233)の有意な効果は見られなかった。
精巣上体、鼡径部皮下、及び腹膜後脂肪パッドの組織重量に対するビヒクル又はXG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)の効果を分析した。ビヒクル対照に比べて、XG−102で処理したマウスでは、精巣上体(p<0.05)及び腹膜後(p<0.01)脂肪質量の有意な減少が見られた。脳、脾臓、及び心臓の組織重量に対するビヒクル又はXG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)の効果を分析した。ビヒクル対照に比べて、これらパラメータに対するXG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)の有意な効果は見られなかった。最後に、腎臓及び肝臓の組織重量に対するビヒクル又はXG−102(配列番号233)(10mg/kg)の効果を分析した。ビヒクル対照と比べて、XG−102(配列番号233)で処理されたマウスでは、腎臓(p<0.05)及び肝臓(p<0.01)の質量の有意な減少が見られた。
この実験では、インビトロにおけるFITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトの内部移行(取り込み)能を、細胞株HL−60(白血病)において蛍光プレートリーダーを用いて評価した。
この実験で用いたコンストラクトは、4つの異なるTAT由来輸送体コンストラクト(L−TAT、r3−TAT(r3−L−Tatとも呼ばれる)、r3−TATi(r3−L−TATiとも呼ばれる)、及びD−TATと呼ばれる)であり、それぞれ上記の通り調製した。これらコンストラクトは、9アミノ酸長を有するが、D−/L−パターンは異なる。更に、輸送体配列を含まないコンストラクトDAKを対照として用いた。コンストラクトは、β−アラニン(βA)でN−末端を保護し、FITCで標識した。
FITC−βA−L−TAT FITC−βA−RKKRQRRR
FITC−βA−D−TAT FITC−βA−rrrqrrkkr
FITC−βA−r3−L−TAT FITC−βA−rKKRrQRRr
FITC−βA−r3−L−TATi FITC−βA−rRRQrRKKr
FITC−βA−DAK(対照) FITC−βA−DAK(輸送体配列無)
本発明の輸送体コンストラクトのために、上記の通り更なる輸送体コンストラクトTAT(s2−1)−TAT(s2−96)を広く調製した。したがって、合成中以下の配列及び保護基を用いた(樹脂に結合):
TATs2−1:D−Arg(Pmc)−Ala−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−2:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Ala−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−3:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Ala−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−4:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Ala−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−5:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Ala−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−6:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Ala−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−7:D−Arg(Pmc)−Asp(OBut)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−8:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Asp(OBut)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−9:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Asp(OBut)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−10:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Asp(OBut)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−11:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Asp(OBut)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−TATs2−樹脂
TATs2−12:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Asp(OBut)−D−Arg(Pmc)−TATs2−樹脂
TATs2−13:D−Arg(Pmc)−Glu(OBut)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−14:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Glu(OBut)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−15:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Glu(OBut)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−16:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Glu(OBut)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−17:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Glu(OBut)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−18:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Glu(OBut)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−19:D−Arg(Pmc)−Phe−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−20:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Phe−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−21:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Phe−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−22:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Phe−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−23:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Phe−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−24:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Phe−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−25:D−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−26:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−27:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−28:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−29:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−30:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−31:D−Arg(Pmc)−His(Trt)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−32:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−His(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−33:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−His(Trt)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−34:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)His(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−35:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−His(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−36:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−His(Trt)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−37:D−Arg(Pmc)−Ile−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−38:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Ile−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−39:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Ile−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−40:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Ile−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−41:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Ile−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−42:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Ile−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−43:D−Arg(Pmc)−Leu−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−44:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Leu−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−45:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Leu−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−46:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Leu−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−47:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Leu−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−48:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Leu−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−49:D−Arg(Pmc)−Met−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−50:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Met−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−51:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Met−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−52:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Met−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−53:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Met−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−54:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Met−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−55:D−Arg(Pmc)−Asn(Trt)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−56:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Asn(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−57:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Asn(Trt)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−58:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Asn(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−59:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Asn(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−60:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Asn(Trt)−D−Arg,(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−61:D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−62:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−63:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Gln(Trt)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−64:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−65:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−66:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−67:D−Arg(Pmc)−Ser(But)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−68:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Ser(But)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−69:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Ser(But)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−70:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)Ser(But)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−71:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Ser(But)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−72:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Ser(But)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−73:D−Arg(Pmc)−Thr(But)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−74:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Thr(But)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−75:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Thr(But)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−76:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)Thr(But)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−77:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Thr(But)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−78:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Thr(But)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−79:D−Arg(Pmc)−Val−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−80:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Val−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−81:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Val−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−82:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Val−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−83:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Val−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−84:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Val−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−85:D−Arg(Pmc)−Trp(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−86:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Trp(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−87:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Trp(Boc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−88:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)Trp(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−89:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Trp(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−90:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Trp(Boc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−91:D−Arg(Pmc)−Tyr(But)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−92:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Tyr(But)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−93:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Tyr(But)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−94:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)Tyr(But)−Arg(Pmc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−95:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Tyr(But)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
TATs2−96:D−Arg(Pmc)−Lys(Boc)−Lys(Boc)−Arg(Pmc)−D−Arg(Pmc)−Gln(Trt)−Arg(Pmc)−Tyr(But)−D−Arg(Pmc)−樹脂
a)細胞株:
この実験に用いた細胞株は、HL−60(レファレンス番号CCL−240,ATCC,ロット番号116523)であった。
10%FBS(レファレンス番号A64906−0098、PAA、ロット番号A15−151):2008年4月4日に56℃で30分間補体除去
1mmol/L(mM)のピルビン酸ナトリウム(レファレンス番号S8636、Sigma、ロット番号56K2386)
ペニシリン(100ユニット/mL)/ストレプトマイシン(100μg/mL)(レファレンス番号P4333、Sigma、ロット番号106K2321)
を2008年5月5日に補充したRPMI(レファレンス番号21875−091、Invitrogen、ロット番号8296)又はDMEM(レファレンス番号41965、Invitrogen、ロット番号13481)
PBS 10X(レファレンス番号70011、Invitrogen、ロット番号8277):滅菌水で1×に希釈
トリプシン−0.05%EDTA(レファレンス番号L−11660、PAA、ロット番号L66007−1194)
6ウェル培養プレート(レファレンス番号140675、Nunc、ロット番号102613)
24ウェル培養プレート(レファレンス番号142475、Nunc、ロット番号095849)
96ウェル培養プレート(レファレンス番号167008、Nunc、ロット番号083310)
96ウェルタンパク質投与用プレート(レファレンス番号82.1581、Sarstedt)
96ウェル蛍光測定用プレート(レファレンス番号6005279、Perkin Elmer)
ポリ−D−リジンコーティング溶液(Sigma P9011 ロット番号095K5104):最後に1×PBSで25μg/mLに希釈
酸性洗浄バッファ:0.2mol/L(M)のグリシン、0.15mol/L(M)のNaCl(pH3.0)
Ripa溶解バッファ:10mmol/L(mM)のNaH2PO4(pH7.2)、150mmol/L(mM)のNaCl、1%のTritonX−100、1mmol/L(mM)のEDTA(pH8.0)、200μmol/L(μM)のNa3VO2、0.1%のSDS、1×プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル(レファレンス番号11873580001、Roche、ロット番号13732700)
倒立顕微鏡(Axiovert 40 CFL;Zeiss;20X)を用いて細胞を観察し、カウントした。
蛍光は、Fusion Alpha Plate reader(Perkin Elmer)で読み取った。
FITC標識ペプチドの内部移行について浮遊細胞で調べた。1×106細胞/mLの濃度でポリ−DL−リジンコーティングされたディッシュに細胞をプレーティングした。次いで、プレートを37℃、5%CO2、及び相対湿度100%で24時間インキュベートした後、既知の濃度のペプチドを添加した。ペプチドを添加した後、細胞を37℃、5%CO2、及び相対湿度100%で30分間、1時間、6時間、又は24時間インキュベートした。次いで、細胞表面に吸着しているペプチドを除去するために、酸性バッファ(0.2mol/L(M)のグリシン、0.15mol/L(M)のNaCl、pH3.0)で細胞を2回洗浄した(Kameyama et al.,(2007),Biopolymers,88,98−107を参照されたい)。塩基性アミノ酸を多く含むペプチドは、細胞表面に強く吸着するが、これにより、内部移行したペプチドが実際よりも多く推定されることが多いので、酸性バッファを用いた。したがって、酸性バッファを用いて細胞を洗浄して、細胞表面に吸着しているペプチドを除去した。Fab/細胞透過性ペプチドコンジュゲートの細胞内取り込みの測定における酸洗浄を実施し、次いでPBSで2回洗浄した。RIPA溶解バッファを添加することにより細胞を破壊した。次いで、バックグラウンドを減少させて、タンパク質含量を正規化した後、蛍光により内部移行したペプチドの相対量を決定した。
工程は、以下の通りである:
1.細胞培養
2.酸洗浄、及び細胞抽出
3.蛍光プレートリーダーを用いたペプチド内部移行の分析。
(1)6ウェル培養プレートを3mLのポリ−D−Lys(Sigma P9011;PBS中25μg/mL)でコーティングし、24ウェルプレートを600μLでコーティングし、96ウェルプレートを125μLでコーティングし、37℃、5%CO2、及び相対湿度100%で4時間インキュベートした。
(2)4時間後、それぞれ、6ウェルプレート、24ウェルプレート、又は96ウェルプレートについて、3.5mL、700μL、又は150μLのPBSでディッシュを2回洗浄した。
(3)1,000,000細胞/mL(浮遊細胞)のプレーティング密度でディッシュ中の2.4mLの培地(RPMI)に細胞をプレーティングした。接種後、ペプチドを添加する前に、24時間、37℃、5%CO2、及び相対湿度100%でプレートをインキュベートした。接着性細胞は、処理日に90%〜95%の密度であると考えられ、それをDMEMにプレーティングした。
(5)ペプチド添加後、37℃、5%CO2、及び相対湿度100%で0時間〜24時間(例えば、30分間、1時間、6時間、又は24時間)細胞をインキュベートした。
(6)抽出物を氷上で冷却した。
浮遊細胞(即ち、ディッシュのウェルに付着していない細胞):
・細胞を15mLのファルコンに移した。細胞を最大限回収するために、ディッシュを1mLのPBSで洗浄した。
・最高2,400rpmで2分間細胞を回収した。
・1mLの冷PBSに細胞を懸濁させた。
・細胞を、コーティングされた「エッペンドルフチューブ」(1mLのポリ−D−Lysで4時間コーティングし、1mLのPBSで2回洗浄した)に移した。
・1mLの冷酸性洗浄バッファで3回洗浄し、最高2,400rpmで2分間遠心分離した。「エッペンドルフ」中の細胞の拡散に注意する。
・1mLの冷PBSで2回洗浄して中和させた。
・50μLの溶解RIPAバッファを添加した。
・撹拌しながら氷上で30分間〜1時間インキュベートした。
接着性細胞:
・(それぞれ、6ウェルプレート、24ウェルプレート、又は96ウェルプレートについて)3mL、1mL、又は200μLの冷酸性洗浄バッファで3回洗浄した。ディッシュから剥離する細胞に注意する。
・(それぞれ、6ウェルプレート、24ウェルプレート、又は96ウェルプレートについて)1mLの冷PBSで2回洗浄して中和させた。
・50μLの溶解RIPAバッファを添加した。
・撹拌しながら氷上で30分間〜1時間インキュベートした。
・冷スクラッパーで細胞を断片化させる。24ウェルプレート及び96ウェルプレートを、4℃で15分間4,000rpmにて直接遠心分離して、細胞残屑を除去した。次いで、上清(24ウェルプレート、又は96ウェルプレートについてそれぞれ100mL又は50mL)を直接濃色の96ウェルプレートに移した。蛍光プレートリーダー(Fusion Alpha,Perkin Elmer)によりプレートを読み取った。
・コーティングされた「エッペンドルフチューブ」(1mLのポリ−D−Lysで4時間コーティングし、1mLのPBSで2回洗浄した)に溶解物を移す。
・次いで、溶解した細胞を4℃、10,000gにて30分間遠心分離して、細胞残屑を除去した。
・上清を除去し、コーティングされた「エッペンドルフチューブ」(1mLのポリ−D−Lysで4時間コーティングし、1mLのPBSで2回洗浄した)内にて−80℃で保存した。
(7)製造業者の説明書に従って、標準的なBCAアッセイ(Kit N23225,Pierce)により各タンパク質抽出物含量を測定した。
(8)蛍光プレートリーダー(Fusion Alpha,Perkin Elmer)によって各サンプル10μLを読み取り、バックグラウンドを減少させて、タンパク質濃度によって正規化した後、各サンプルの相対蛍光を決定する。
上記材料及び方法を用いて、FITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトのHL−60細胞株の細胞への時間依存性内部移行(取り込み)を実施した。
96−FITC標識D−TAT誘導体輸送体の配列を用い、上記材料及び方法を用いて、FITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトのHL−60細胞株の細胞への時間依存性内部移行(取り込み)を更に実施した。これら配列を以下に示す。
・24時間インキュベートした後、コンセンサス配列rXXXrXXXr(可能な配列の選択については表1〜3を参照されたい)を有する輸送体は全て、L−TAT輸送体よりも高い内部移行能を示した。これらの結果は、コンセンサス配列rXXXrXXXrの有効性を十分立証するものである。
・1つの位置が、輸送体活性に対して影響を及ぼすし、それは、位置2のY(配列番号111に相当する配列91)である。
・1つの位置が、輸送体活性動態の改善に対して影響を及ぼし、それは、位置2のY(配列番号111に相当する配列91)である。
更なる実験に従って、これらペプチドのU937細胞への取り込み(内部移行)後における特定の輸送体コンストラクトの濃度を測定した。配列RKKRRQRRR(L−TAT)、rrrqrrkkr(D−TAT)、rKKRrQRRr(r3−L−TAT)、及びrYKRrQRRr(XG−91)(各々濃度は10μmol/L(μM)である)を用いて実験を行った。
これら実験では、更なる細胞株HepG2(肝細胞癌腫)、HCT−116(腫瘍性結腸)、U937(リンパ腫)、WBC細胞株(白血球株)、及び非WBC細胞株において、インビトロにおけるFITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトの内部移行(取り込み)能を、蛍光プレートリーダーを用いて評価した。
この実験で用いられるコンストラクト及び条件は、実験3について上に記載した通りであるが、以下の変更点及び細胞株を用いた。
用いたコンストラクトは、各々9アミノ酸長を有するが、D−/L−パターンが異なる、D−TAT及びr3−TATi(r3−L−TATiとも呼ばれる)、D−TATと呼ばれる異なるTAT由来輸送体コンストラクト、並びにN−末端がβ−アラニンで更に標識されているコンストラクトr6R3(rrrRRRrrr)及びDAKであった。コンストラクトD−TAT及びr6R3の取り込みが最も効率的であり、次にr3−L−TATiが効率的であった。
用いたコンストラクトは、各々9アミノ酸長を有するが、D−/L−パターンが異なる、4つの異なるTAT由来輸送体コンストラクト(L−TAT、r3−TAT(r3−L−Tatとも呼ばれる)、r3−TATi(r3−L−TATiとも呼ばれる)、及びD−TATと呼ばれる)であった。更に、ペプチドを含まないコンストラクトDAKを、比較のために対照サンプルとして用いた。r3−TAT、r3−L−TATi、及びD−TAT輸送体コンストラクトの細胞への取り込みが最も効率的であり、L−TATの細胞への取り込みは有意に少なかった。
D−TAT輸送体コンストラクトの取り込み(内部移行)がHSPG依存性であるかどうかを調べるために実験を行った。見出されているように、D−TAT輸送体コンストラクトの取り込み(内部移行)は、U937細胞(リンパ腫)において、24時間に亘って500nmの濃度でHSPG依存的である。実験に用いたコンストラクトは、9アミノ酸長であり、FITCで標識されており、且つN−末端がβ−アラニンで標識されているD−TAT(配列番号4)であった。
FITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトがU937細胞から離脱するかどうかを調べるために、更に実験を行った。結果として、500nmol/L(nM)のFITC−D−TATでは、U937細胞において離脱は見られなかった。実験に用いたコンストラクトは、9アミノ酸長であり、FITCで標識されており、且つN−末端がβ−アラニンで標識されているD−TATであった。
更なる実験では、FITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトの取り込み(内部移行)及び脱出が、非WBC株(白血球細胞株)における10μmol/L(μM)のFITC−D−TATで見られた。実験に用いたコンストラクトは、9アミノ酸長であり、FITCで標識されており、且つN−末端がβ−アラニンで標識されているD−TAT(配列番号4)であった。
上記取り込み(内部移行)実験の結果として、D−アミノ酸を含有するか、又はD−アミノ酸のみからなるFITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトの取り込み(内部移行)は、インビトロにおいて数時間に亘って直線的であることがわかった。更に、24時間後には、インビトロにおけるこれらFITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトの取り込み(内部移行)は、L−TATよりも50倍〜100倍高い細胞内濃度に達する。更に、WBC株(白血球細胞株)による、D−アミノ酸を含有するか、又はD−アミノ酸のみからなるFITC標識TAT由来輸送体コンストラクトの取り込み(内部移行)は、インビトロにおける非WBC株よりも10倍〜50倍効率的であることがわかった。全てのこれら実験では、WBCにおいて高細胞内濃度で離脱が効率的に行われることが示されたが、低濃度では離脱は見られなかった。
11.1 ペプチド合成
更なるメチオニンを含むD−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)、及びr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)のペプチド配列は、Fmoc法を用いることにより、0.4mmolのFmoc−アミド−AM樹脂上で用手的に合成される。次いで、TFAを用いて樹脂からペプチドを切断し、減圧下で濾過し、冷エーテルで沈殿させ、乾燥させる。粗ペプチドを、セミプレパラティブHPLCにより精製し、ESI−MSで特性評価する。
5.0μmolのシスプラチン(3.0mLの塩化ナトリウムバッファ中1.5mg、pH5.0)を、10mmol/L(mM)のNa2HPO4バッファ(pH 7.4)2.0mLに溶解させ、その溶液のpH値は7.0である。5.0μmolのD−TAT−メチオニンペプチド(又はr3−L−TAT−メチオニンペプチド、又はr3−L−TATi−メチオニンペプチド)を、10mmol/L(mM)のNa2HPO4バッファ(pH7.4)中で調製し、その溶液のpH値は6.0である。次いで、暗条件下で室温にて2つの溶液を混合することによりアルキル化を開始させる(混合物のpH値は7.0である)。0時間、1時間、3時間、及び24時間後、生成物を分析PR−HPLCにより分析し、ESI−MSで特性評価する。予測されたピークの溶液を、最後にセミプレパラティブHPLCにより精製し、凍結乾燥させる。
Fmoc法を用いることにより、0.23mmolのFmoc−Rinkアミド樹脂上で、D−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)、及びr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)のペプチド配列を用手的に合成する。したがって、Fmoc−脱保護(DMF中20%ピペリジン)及びアミノ酸カップリング(DMF中におけるHBTU/HOBt/DIEAの活性化)のサイクルを用いて、C末端のGlyからN末端のl−Met(L型)までの各アミノ酸を連続的に樹脂に結合させる。TFAを用いて樹脂からペプチドを切断し(2.5%のdH2O、0.5%のEDT、及び2.0%のTISの存在下で2時間)、大気圧で濾過し、N2バブリングにより体積を減少させ、冷エーテルで沈殿させ、空気乾燥させる。粗ペプチドをセミプレパラティブRP−HPLCにより精製し、ESI−MSで特性評価する。
10mmol/L(mM)のNa2HPO4バッファ5.0mL(pH7.4)中で、10μmolのオキサリプラチンを、Eloxatin(登録商標)(オキサリプラチン4.0mg、ラクトース一水和物36.0mg)として製剤した。dH2O5.0mL中で、10.0μmolのD−TAT−メチオニンペプチド(又はr3−L−TAT−メチオニンペプチド、又はr3−L−TATi−メチオニンペプチド)を調製する。室温で2つの溶液を混合することによりアルキル化を開始させる。次いで、反応物を37℃で放置し、24時間に亘って214nm及び280nmで分析PR−HPLCによりモニタし、標的ピークをESI−MSで特性評価し、セミプレパラティブHPLCにより精製し、次いで凍結乾燥させる。
MDF−7(ヒト乳腺癌腫細胞株)及びSiHa(ヒト子宮頸部扁平上皮癌腫細胞株)の生存に対する、漸増濃度の本発明のコンジュゲート分子(D−Tat−オキサリプラチン、r3−L−TAT−オキサリプラチン、又はr3−L−TATi−オキサリプラチン)による処理の効果を判定する。D−Tat−オキサリプラチン、r3−L−TAT−オキサリプラチン、又はr3−L−TATi−オキサリプラチンの効果を、コンジュゲートL−Tat−オキサリプラチン、及び2つの非コンジュゲート抗癌剤(オキサリプラチン及びシスプラチン)と比較する。各細胞株の細胞(1ウェル当たり10,000細胞)を、96ウェルプレート(合計体積200μL、MCF−7については、10%のFBS、1%のL−グルタミン、1%のピルビン酸ナトリウム、1%の非必須アミノ酸を添加したMEM;SiHa細胞については、10%のFBS、1%のピルビン酸ナトリウム、1%の非必須アミノ酸を添加したMEM/イーグル)にプレーティングする。各試験物質につき6種〜10種の異なる濃度について試験する。対照細胞は、処理しない。細胞を24時間37℃でインキュベートした後、試験物質で処理する。各実験を3連で実施する。処理後の細胞インキュベートは、37℃で96時間実施する。これら細胞株の生存に対する試験分子の効果(インビトロ細胞毒性活性)を、MTTアッセイにより測定する。5mg/mLの、0.22μmのフィルタで濾過したチアゾリルブルーテトラゾリウムブロミド(MTT、Sigma、レファレンス番号88415)−リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS、CHUV)溶液を20μLずつ各ウェルに添加し、プレートを37℃で4時間インキュベートする。上清を除去し、ホルマザン結晶をDMSO(1ウェル当たり200μL)に溶解させる。595nmにおいてマイクロプレートリーダー(Expert Plus Reader,Asys Hitech)により吸光度(OD)を測定する。試験物質のIC50(細胞増殖の50%を阻害する薬剤濃度)を、Prismソフトウェアを用いて計算する。
D−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)、又はr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)ペプチド配列を、Fmoc法を用いることにより、0.23mmolのFmoc−Rinkアミド樹脂上で用手的に合成する。したがって、Fmoc−脱保護(DMF中20%ピペリジン)及びアミノ酸カップリング(DMF中におけるHBTU/HOBt/DIEAの活性化)のサイクルを用いて、C末端のGlyからN末端のl−A(L型)までの各アミノ酸を連続的に樹脂に結合させる。
MDF−7(ヒト乳腺癌腫細胞株)及びSiHa(ヒト子宮頸部扁平上皮癌腫細胞株)の生存に対する、漸増濃度のD−Tat−クロラムブシル、r3−L−TAT−クロラムブシル、又はr3−L−TATi−クロラムブシルによる処理の効果を判定する。D−Tat−クロラムブシル、r3−L−TAT−クロラムブシル、又はr3−L−TATi−クロラムブシルの効果を、コンジュゲートL−Tat−クロラムブシル、及び2つのuクロラムブシル非コンジュゲート抗癌剤(クロラムブシル及びシスプラチン)と更に比較する。各細胞株の細胞(1ウェル当たり10,000細胞)を、96ウェルプレート(合計体積200μL、MCF−7については、10%のFBS、1%のL−グルタミン、1%のピルビン酸ナトリウム、1%の非必須アミノ酸を添加したMEM;SiHa細胞については、10%のFBS、1%のピルビン酸ナトリウム、1%の非必須アミノ酸を添加したMEM/イーグル)にプレーティングする。各試験物質につき6種〜10種の異なる濃度について試験する。対照細胞は、処理しない。細胞を24時間37℃でインキュベートした後、試験物質で処理する。各実験を3連で実施する。処理後の細胞インキュベーションは、37℃で96時間実施する。これら細胞株の生存に対する試験分子の効果(インビトロ細胞毒性活性)を、MTTアッセイにより測定する。5mg/mLの、0.22μmのフィルタで濾過したチアゾリルブルーテトラゾリウムブロミド(MTT、Sigma、レファレンス番号88415)−リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS、CHUV)溶液を20μLずつ各ウェルに添加し、プレートを37℃で4時間インキュベートする。上清を除去し、ホルマザン結晶をDMSO(1ウェル当たり200μL)に溶解させる。595nmにおいてマイクロプレートリーダー(Expert Plus Reader,Asys Hitech)により吸光度(OD)を測定する。試験物質のIC50(細胞増殖の50%を阻害する薬剤濃度)を、Prismソフトウェアを用いて計算する。
D−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)、及びr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)ペプチド配列を、Fmoc法を用いることにより、0.23mmolのFmoc−Rinkアミド樹脂上で用手的に合成する。したがって、Fmoc−脱保護(DMF中20%ピペリジン)及びアミノ酸カップリング(DMF中におけるHBTU/HOBt/DIEAの活性化)のサイクルを用いて、C末端のGlyからN末端のl−E(L型)までの各アミノ酸を連続的に樹脂に結合させる。
Fmoc法を用いることにより、0.40mmolのFmoc−Rinkアミド樹脂上で、D−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)、及びr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)のペプチド配列を用手的に合成する。したがって、Fmoc−脱保護(DMF中20%ピペリジン)及びアミノ酸カップリング(DMF中におけるTBTU/HOBt/DIEAの活性化)のサイクルを用いて、C末端のD−ArgからN末端のD−Cysまでの各アミノ酸を連続的に樹脂に結合させる。TFAを用いて樹脂からペプチドを切断し、氷上でプレインキュベートし(2.5%のdH2O、2.5%のEDT、及び1.0%のTISの存在下で5時間)、減圧下で濾過し、冷エーテルで沈殿させ、真空乾燥させる。粗ペプチドをセミプレパラティブRP−HPLCにより精製し、ESI−MSで特性評価する。
375μmolのBoc−Gly−OHを室温で無水DCMに溶解させ、これに、265μmolのDMAP、375μmolのDIPCI、及び110μmolのInvirase(登録商標)(ラクトース、excipiens pro compresso obducto)として製剤されたサキナビルを0℃で添加した。反応混合物を室温に加温し、一晩撹拌する。生成物を0.1NのHClで洗浄(ished)し、MgSO4上で乾燥させ、減圧下で蒸発させて、固体生成物SQV−Gly(Boc)を得た。CH2Cl2及びTFA(50:50)の混合物中で3時間、SQV−Gly(Boc)エステルをインキュベートすることによりBoc保護基を除去する。生成物を冷エーテルから再結晶化させ、真空下で一晩乾燥させる。47μmolのSQV−Glyエステルを3mLの無水DMSOに室温で溶解させ、これに94μmolのSPDPを添加する。反応混合物のpHを室温で絶えず撹拌しながら8.0に調整する。絶えず撹拌しながら反応物を3時間放置する。粗生成物SQV−Gly−COCH2CH2−SS−ピリジルを、セミプレパラティブHPLCにより精製し、ESI−MSで特性評価する。
27μmolのSQV−Gly−COCH2CH2−SS−ピリジルを、室温で0.5mLのPBSバッファ(pH7.5)に溶解させ、これに0.5mLのPBSバッファ(pH7.5)中54μmolのD−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)又はr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)−D−システインを添加する。反応物を絶えず撹拌しながら3時間室温で放置する。粗コンジュゲートD−TAT(rrrqrrkkr)−サキナビル、r3−L−TAT(rKKRrQRRr)−サキナビル、及びr3−L−TATi(rRRQrRKKr)−サキナビルをセミプレパラティブHPLCにより精製し、ESI−MSで特性評価する。
配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の細胞内に侵入する能力を評価する。本発明の輸送体コンストラクト及び本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を、フルオレセインにコンジュゲートしているグリシン残基をN末端に付加することにより標識する。これら標識ペプチド(1μmol/L(μM))をTC−3細胞培養物に添加する。所定の時間に、細胞をPBSで洗浄(fished)し、氷冷メタノール−アセトン(1:1)中で5分間固定した後、蛍光顕微鏡で観察する。フルオレセイン標識BSA(1μmol/L(μM)、12モル/モルBSA)を対照として用いる。
JNKは、電離放射線によっても活性化される。配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子が、放射線誘発性JNK損傷に対する保護を提供するかどうかを判定するために、D−TAT、L−TAT、及び配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子(照射の30分前に1μmol/L(μM)を添加)の存在下又は欠如下で「WiDr」細胞に放射線を照射する(30Gy)。対照細胞(CTRL)には照射しない。上記のようにPI及びHoechst3342染色を用いて48時間後に細胞を分析する。N=3。SEMは、指定のものである。
配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の放射線保護効果を判定するために、C57B1/6マウス(2月齢〜3月齢)に、0.74Gy/分(17mA、0.5mmのCuフィルタ)の線量でPhillips RT 250 R−rayを用いて放射線を照射する。照射の30分前に、配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を動物にi.p.注射する。簡潔に述べると、マウスに以下のように放射線を照射する:頭部を箱の外に出した状態で、マウスを小さなプラスチック製の箱に入れる。動物を、照射機の下に仰向けに置き、頸部を小さなプラスチック製のトンネルに固定して、頭部を正確な位置に維持する。体を鉛で保護する。照射前、マウスは、標準的なペレット状マウス用食餌で維持するが、照射後は、半流動食餌を毎日取り換えてマウスに与える。次いで、Parkinsなどにより開発されたスコアリングシステム(Parkins et al,Radiotherapy & Oncology,1:165−173,1983)に従って、2人の独立観察者により唇粘膜の反応をスコア付けするが、前記システムは、紅斑状態に加えて、浮腫、落屑、及び滲出の存在を評価するものである。更に、紅斑/浮腫状態を記録する前に、各動物を計量する。
100μmol/L(μM)の濃度の2.6%緩衝ヒアルロン酸(Hylumed,Genzyme Corp.)ゲル製剤2μL中に含まれる、配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子、特にペプチド阻害剤L−TAT−IB1(s1−34)又はD−TAT−IB1(s1−34)を含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を、騒音性外傷(30分間6kHzの120dB)の30分前、30分後、又は4時間後に、3群のモルモット(各群6匹の動物)の蝸牛の正円窓膜に塗布した。未処理の耳を対照とする。騒音性外傷の20分後(一過的閾値変化、TTS)、及び外傷の15日後(永続的閾値変化、PTS)に聴性脳幹反応を測定することにより聴覚閾値の変化を評価する。D−TAT−IB1(s)の投与は、未処理耳に比べて、過剰の騒音に曝された後に塗布した場合でさえも、永続的聴覚損失から保護した。
a)試験系:
i)種/系統:マウス/BALB/c
ii)供給元:Harlan Israel,Ltd.
iii)性別:雌
iv)動物の総数:n=150
v)年齢:若い成体、実験開始時7週齢
vi)体重:処理開始時における動物の体重差は、平均体重の±20%を超えない
vii)動物の健康:この実験で用いられる動物の健康状態は、到着時に評価し、健康状態が良好な動物のみを研究室条件に順化させ(少なくとも7日間)、実験に用いる。
viii)無作為化:乱数表に従って、動物を実験群に無作為に割り付けた。
ix)終了:実験の終わりに生存している動物を頚椎脱臼により安楽死させる。
50%エタノールに溶解させたTNBSを投与することにより結腸炎を誘導した。
次いで、全ての動物を、単回又は反復日用量(上記)として、0.1μg/kg〜1,000μg/kgの範囲の用量の配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子で、腹腔内又は皮下処理した。
i)臨床徴候
上記実験期間中、慎重に臨床検査を実施し、記録した。例えば、皮膚、毛、眼、粘膜の外観、分泌及び排泄(例えば、下痢)の発生、並びに自律活性の変化を観察した。歩行、姿勢、及び取扱に対する反応の変化に加えて、異常な挙動、振せん、痙攣、睡眠、及び昏睡の発生についても記録した。
毎日動物の個々の体重を測定した。
体重、便の硬さ、及び経直腸出血を全て毎日記録し、疾患重篤度スコアのパラメータとして使用した。
実験の最終日、動物を安楽死させ、以下のスコアに従って肉眼で病理評価するために結腸を摘出した。
慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)の治療における、配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の活性を測定するために、これら本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を、ブレオマイシン誘導性急性肺炎症及び線維症の動物モデルにおいて用いる。ブレオマイシンによって炎症及び線維症を誘導するためのプロトコルは、文献中に既に記載されている。実験の目的は、
−ブレオマイシン単回投与(10mg/kg)後1日目、及び
−線維症の発現した10日目、の
ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症及び線維症における気管支肺胞洗浄(BAL)及び肺の好中球動員に対する皮下(s.c.)経路によるこれら本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の効果を調べることにあった。
ブレオマイシンの鼻腔内単回投与と共に、2種の用量の配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子及びビヒクル対照をs.c.投与し、1日後及び10日後にマウスを分析した。1群当たり10匹のC57BL/6マウス(8週齢)をこのモデルで用いた。実験群は、ビヒクル、0.001mg/kgの配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子及び0.1mg/kgのこれら本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を含んでおり、処理は、これら本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を反復皮下投与し、次いで3日に1回ブレオマイシンを投与することから構成されていた。24時間目に、BAL洗浄、細胞診断、細胞数、及び肺ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性により急性肺炎症をモニタした。化合物の効果をビヒクル対照と比較した。ブレオマイシンの単回投与の10日後、ヘマトキシリン及びエオシン染色を用いて肺線維症を組織学的に評価した。
軽いケタミン−ケタミン麻酔下で40μLの体積を鼻腔滴下注入することにより、気道を通じてBellon Laboratories(Montrouge,France)製の硫酸ブレオマイシン−生理食塩水溶液(10mg/kg体重)又は生理食塩水を投与した。ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症及び線維症の両方についてブレオマイシン投与は、以下を含んでいた:ビヒクル、0.001mg/kgの配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子及び0.1mg/kgのこれら本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子。ブレオマイシン誘導性炎症についての投与経路は、皮下(s.c.)経路であり、単回用量として投与した。ブレオマイシン誘導性線維症についての投与経路は皮下(s.c.)経路であり、10日間に3回投与した。
気管の切開した後、プラスチック製カニューレを挿入し、0.3mLのPBS溶液を用いて気腔を洗浄し、37℃に加熱した。回収したサンプルを2つの画分に分けた:第1の画分(最初の2回の洗浄に相当する1mL)は、メディエータの測定に用い、第2の画分は、細胞決定のために用いた(4mL)。第1の画分を遠心分離し(600gで10分間)、上清を分画し、メディエータ測定まで−80℃で保存した。次いで、細胞ペレットを0.4mLの無菌NaCl(0.9%)に再懸濁させ、第2の画分と共に保存し、細胞計数のために用いた。
BAL後、全肺を摘出し、1mLのPBSと共にマイクロチューブ(Lysing matrix D,Q Bio Gene,Illkrich,France)内に入れ、Fastprep(登録商標)システム(FP120,Q Bio Gene,Illkrich,France)を用いて全肺組織抽出物を調製し、次いで、前記抽出物を遠心分離し、メディエータ測定及びSircol Collagen Assay(France Biochem Division,France)を用いるコラーゲンアッセイまで−80℃で上清を保存した。
Malassez血球計を用いてBAL流体中の全細胞数を決定した。MGG Diff−quick(Dade Behring AG)で染色した後、サイトスピン標本(Cytospin3,Thermo Shandon)に対してディファレンシャル・セル・カウントを実施した。標準的な形態学的基準を用いて200細胞に対してディファレンシャル・セル・カウントを行った。
製造業者の説明書に従って、ELISAアッセイキット(Mouse DuoSet,R&Dsystem,Minneapolis,USA)を用いてBALF中のTNF濃度を測定した。結果をpg/mLで報告する。
配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の投与時にMPO濃度を測定した。
BAL及び肺灌流後、標準的な顕微鏡解析のために4%緩衝ホルムアルデヒドで大葉を固定した。3−mの切片をヘマトキシリン及びエオシン(H&E)で染色した。
アルツハイマー病における配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む例示的な本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の活性を測定するために、Morris水迷路行動試験に加えて、斑の量を測定する免疫組織学的試験、及びマウスの脳内のβ−アミロイド1−40及びβ−アミロイド1−42量を測定するELISA試験を用いて、ロンドン型及びスウェーデン型突然変異を有するAPP751過剰発現hAPPトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおいて、これらペプチドを評価した。
i)緒言
5月(±2週)齢の雌のhAPP Tgマウスを用いて、配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の、行動、生化学的マーカー、及び組織学的マーカーに対する有効性を評価するためにこの実験を設計した。したがって、最高4ヶ月間2又は3週間に1回マウスを処理し、処理期間の最後にMorris水迷路において行動を評価した。屠殺時、脳、CSF、及び血液を回収した。4つの異なる脳ホモジネート画分、及びTgマウスのCSFにおけるAβ40及びAβ42量を測定した。1処理群当たり8匹のTgマウスの皮質及び海馬における斑の量を定量した。
バックグラウンドがC57BL/6xDBAである5月(±2週)齢の雌Tgマウスを、処理群1〜3(n=12)に無作為に割り付けた。5月齢で開始して、最高4ヶ月間、ビヒクル又は2種の異なる濃度の配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を2又は3週間に1回動物に皮下(s.c.)投与した。本実験に用いた全ての動物は、濃い色の眼を有しており、MWMプールの外側にある目印を知覚すると考えられた。しかし、実験のために囲いの中に残してある動物を含む全ての動物について、処理開始前の可視プラットフォーム訓練、所謂予備試験で照査された視力の低い動物は除外しなければならなかった。特定の動物において視力障害が確認された場合、そのマウスを実験から除外した。
マウスは、耳印により個々に識別した。マウスは、Rettenmaier(登録商標)により供給されている標準的な齧歯類用床敷上の個別換気ケージ(IVC)内で飼育した。各ケージに最大5匹のマウスを収容した。国際規格に基づいて書かれたJSWの標準業務手順書(SOP GEN011)に従ってマウスを維持した。実験番号、性別、動物の個体識別番号(IRN)、誕生日、並びにスクリーニングの日付、及び処理群の割り付けを示す色付きカードにより各ケージを識別した。実験中は、温度を約24℃に維持し、相対湿度は、約40%〜70%で維持した。一定の光サイクル(12時間明/暗)下で動物を飼育した。動物は、通常の水道水を自由に摂取可能であった。
40匹の雌hAPPトランスジェニックマウスを、4ヶ月間、2種の異なる投与量の配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を用いて、2週間に1回0.1mg/kgをb.w.処理するか、3週間に1回10mg/kgをb.w.処理するか(n=12/群)、又はビヒクルで3週間に1回s.c.処理した(n=12)。
直径100cmの黒色円形プールでモリス水迷路(MWM)試験を実施した。22±1℃の温度の水道水を充填し、仮想的にプールを4つの区域に分けた。透明なプラットフォーム(直径8cm)を水表面の約0.5cm下に配置した。予備試験を除いた全試験期間中、プラットフォームは、プールの南西象限に位置していた。4日間の訓練期間の前日、動物に所謂「予備試験」(60秒間試行を2回)を実施して、各動物の視力が正常であることを確かめる必要があった。このタスクを遂行した動物のみをMWM試験に用いた。MWMタスクにおいて、各マウスは、連続4日間3回の試行を実施しなければならなかった。1回の試行は、最大1分間続いた。この時間中、マウスは、隠されている透明な標的を見つけ出す機会を有していた。動物が水からの「道」を見つけ出すことができなかった場合、調査者が、マウスをプラットフォームに誘導するか、又はプラットフォーム上に置いた。各試行後、10秒間〜15秒間マウスをプラットフォーム上に静置させた。この時間中、マウスは、周囲を見て位置を確かめる機会を有していた。追跡システム(Kaminski;PCS,Biomedical Research Systems)に悪影響を与えないために、薄暗い光条件下で調査を実施した。プールの周囲の壁には、黒色のボールド体の幾何学的記号(例えば、円形及び四角形)が描かれたポスターが固定されており、マウスは、位置を確かめるための目印としてその記号を用いることができた。約5分間〜約10分間の試行間隔が保証されるように、1試行当たりの1遊泳群は、5匹〜6匹のマウスから構成されていた。逃避潜時(マウスが隠されているプラットフォームを見つけ出して、水から逃避するのに必要な時間(秒))、経路(標的に到達するまでの軌道の長さ(メートル))及び目的の象限における滞在時間を定量するために、コンピュータ化された追跡システムを用いた。プールの中央上方に配置されたカメラにコンピュータを接続した。カメラは、マウスの尾つけられた小さなヘアピンに固定されている発光ダイオード(LED)のシグナルを検出した。4日目の最後の試行の1時間後、マウスは、所謂プローブ試行を行わなければならなかった。この時に、プラットフォームをプールから除去し、1分間のプローブ試行中、実験者は、以前標的が存在していた位置を通過した回数を計数した。更に、この象限における滞在時間と他の3つの象限における滞在時間とを計算した。この試行を通して、マウスは、どんな性質を有していようと、プラットフォームから何の手がかりも得ることができなかった。
処理期間の終わり、及び全ての行動試験後に、全ての生存マウス(n=28)を屠殺した。したがって、SOP MET030に記載されているように、標準的な吸入麻酔(Isofluran,Baxter)によって全てのマウスを鎮静させた。大後頭孔を鈍的切開し、露出させることにより、脳脊髄液(CSF)を得た。露出時、パスツールピペットを大後頭孔の約0.3mm〜1mmの深さに挿入した。流れが完全に停止するまで、吸引及び毛管作用によりCSFを回収した。各サンプルの2つのアリコートを直ちに冷凍し、ELISA技術を用いた更なる分析の準備が整うまで−80℃で保存した。CSFのサンプリング後、各マウスを背殿位にし、胸郭を開いて、1ccのシリンジに取り付けられた26ゲージの針を右心室に挿入した。針を軽く吸引して、血液をEDTAに回収し、血漿を得るために用いた。血漿を得るために、スウィングバケット(GH−3.8Beckman)を備えるロータを用いて、遠心分離機(GS−6R Beckman)内で10分間1,750rpm(700g)にて各マウスの血液サンプルを回転させた。血漿を冷凍し、更なる分析まで−20℃で保存した。血液をサンプリングした後、トランスジェニックマウスの心臓を0.9%の塩化ナトリウムで灌流した。脳を速やかに摘出し、小脳を切除した。全てのマウスの右半球を、室温で1時間、新たに作製した4%のパラホルムアルデヒド/PBS(pH7.4)に浸漬して固定した。その後、脳を15%スクロースPBS溶液に移して24時間浸漬させ、確実に低温保護した。次の日、脳をイソペンタン中で凍結させ、組織学的調査(SOP MET042)に用いるまで−80℃で保存した。左半球を計量し、液体窒素中で冷凍し、生化学的分析のために−80℃で保存した。
各Tgマウスの4つの異なる脳ホモジネート画分中、及びCSFサンプル中のAβ1−40及びAβ1−42量を、ELISA技術を用いて評価した。高感度Aβ1−40及びAβ1−42ELISA試験キットは、The Genetics Company(商標),Switzerland(SOP MET058)から購入した。CSFを上記のように調製した。脳ホモジネートの冷凍した半球を、プロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテルを含有しているTRIS緩衝生理食塩水(TBS)−バッファ(5mL)中でホモジネートした。この初期脳TBSホモジネート1.25mLを−80℃で保存し、1.25mLを更に調べた。残りの脳ホモジネート(2.5mL)を遠心分離し、得られた上清(=TBS画分)を分注し、ELISA測定まで−20℃で保存した。ペレットをTritonX−100(2.5mL)に懸濁させ、遠心分離し、上清(=TritonX−100画分)を分注し、−20℃で保存した。SDS(2.5mL)を用いてこれら工程を繰り返した。SDS画分のペレットを70%ギ酸(0.5mL)に懸濁させた後、遠心分離した。得られた上清を1mol/L(M)のTRIS(9.5mL)で中和し、分注し、−20℃で保存した(=FA画分)。4つの脳ホモジネート画分(TBS、TritonX−100、SDS、及びFA)のサンプルを、ELISA技術を用いたAβ1−40及びAβ1−42測定に用いた。ELISA試験キットは、The Genetics Company(商標),Switzerland(SOP MET062)から購入した。TBS及びTritonX−100は、モノマー〜オリゴマー構造を可溶化させたと推測することができた。ポリマー様前原線維及び水不溶性線維は、SDS及びFAに溶解することができた。これに関して、全ての4つの画分を調べることにより、Aの重合状態についての洞察が得られる。
調査した全てのTg動物の脳組織は、この手順のばらつきによるバイアスを避けるために正確に同じ方法で操作した。24匹のTgマウス(各群8匹)の脳の半分から、それぞれ厚さ10μmである1層当たり(全部で5層)20枚の凍結切片(Leica CM 3050S)を矢状に切断し、5枚(各層から1枚)を処理し、斑の量を定量するために評価した。5枚の矢状層は、Paxinos及びFranklinによる形態学アトラス“The Mouse Brain”(第2版)の図104〜105、図107〜108、図111〜112、図115〜116、及び図118〜119に相当していた。第1の層は、領域CA1、CA2、CA3、GD1b、及びGDmbと共に海馬全体を含むという要件により特定した。モノクローナルヒトAβ−特異的抗体6E10(Signet)及びチオフラビンS染色を用いて、海馬及び皮質で免疫反応性を定量的に評価した。用いなかった残りの脳半球又は組織は、プロジェクトの終わりまでJSW CNSで保存した。
i)行動
モリス水迷路試行において、遊泳距離の長さ、逃避潜時、遊泳速度、プローブ試行において以前プラットフォームが存在していた位置を通過した回数、及びプールの各象限における滞在時間を、特別なコンピュータソフトウェアを用いて各Tg動物について測定した。
全てのTgマウスのCSFサンプル及び脳標本のサンプルを、市販のAβ1−40及びAβ1−42ELISAを用いて分析した。適切な標準の測定も同時に実施した。脳標本のサンプルは2連で分析した。少量しかなかったので、CSFサンプルは1回しか測定できなかった。
il)アミロイド沈着及び斑の量の測定
6E10免疫組織化学のために以下の評価手順を用いた:
aa)画像にコントラストを適用することなしに、切片の境界を可視化するために画像を対比させる。
bb)皮質の輪郭を対話型線描し、皮質領域(=領域の面積)を測定する。
cc)対象領域(AOI)を対話型線描し、ここでは閾値レベル(各画像について同じ)に基づいて特定の強度を超え、且つ大きさが8μm2を超えている染色された対象が検出される。
dd)各対象の面積、AOIにおける染色領域の合計、及びシグナル/ノイズ比(各画像について同じ)を高めるために滑らかに対比させた後の対象数を測定する。
ee)海馬についてaa)〜dd)を繰り返す。
ff)平均斑サイズ(=「斑面積の合計/斑の数」)、相対斑数及び面積(=「斑の数/領域の面積」及び「斑の合計面積/領域の面積×100」)を計算する。
gg)エクセルのスプレッドシートに、パラメータ「画像タイトル、領域の面積、斑の数、斑の合計面積、相対斑数、相対斑面積、及び平均斑サイズ」を含むデータを自動的にエクスポートする。所見用のフィールドを用いて、それぞれ画像の品質及び除外基準を記録した。除外基準は、切片の一部が欠けている、しわが多い、大きな傷、又は染色の不整合(例えば、ブロッキング試薬の十分な反応を妨げる恐れがある膨張のため)であった。
hh)セーブせずに画像を閉じる(生データをそのまま保存するため)。
目的は、2型糖尿病の治療における配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の活性を測定することにあり、具体的には、3日間に1回(28日間)空腹時血中グルコース濃度を評価することにより、2型糖尿病のdb/dbマウスモデルにおけるこれら本発明の輸送体積荷コンジュゲート分子による慢性処理の効果を判定することにあった。
i)動物
合計20匹の雄db/dbマウス(8週齢)を、Charles River(Germany)から購入した。到着時、動物を集団飼育(n=6〜7/群)し、特に明記しない限り、通常の齧歯類用食餌(Altromin standard#1324chow;C.Petersen,Ringsted,Denmark)及び水を自由に与えた。
4日目、血中グルコース濃度(空腹時;Biosen S line analyzer(EKF diagnostic,Germany)を用いて測定される血中グルコース)に従ってマウスを無作為化して、以下の薬剤処理群(n=6)のうちの1つに割り付けた:
1)ビヒクル対照、S.C.(生理学的食塩水)
2)配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子;1mg/kg;s.c.
3)配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子;10mg/kg;s.c.。
上記全ての用量は、遊離塩基について計算した。薬剤の純度は95.28%、ペプチド含量は78.0%であった。全ての化合物は、3mL/kgの体積を皮下(s.c.)投与した。ビヒクル対照及び配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の製剤手順は以下の通りであった。
・原液の調製:凍結乾燥させた配列番号1〜116のいずれかに係るTAT由来輸送体コンストラクトと、配列番号117〜200のいずれかに係るJNK1又はIB1由来積荷ペプチドとを含む本発明の輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を最低1時間解凍し、1mmol/L(mM)(3.823mg/mLに相当)のビヒクル原液として調製した。各処理日用にアリコートを調製し、約−80℃で保存した。各処理日に、この原液を必要な濃度に希釈する。
・原液の保存:約−80℃;
・希釈調整品の保存:最高室温で24時間。
8日間順化させた後、アウトライン群に従って、PM4:00に消灯する8時間前にSC投与することにより、21日間AM8:00に1日1回マウスを処理した。
血中グルコースは、尾静脈からヘマトクリット管に血液サンプル10μLを回収し、次いで、Biosen s−line analyzer(EKF−diagnostic;Germany)で分析することにより、7時間絶食した動物の投与後6時間の血中グルコースを測定した。
群1+3:24時間の食餌及び水の摂取に加えて、24時間の尿及び便の排泄を記録するために、マウスを代謝ケージに入れた。マウスをn=6〜7の2つのサブチームに階層化し、次いで、代謝特性評価を実施した。
群1+3:EDTAでコーティングされたヘマトクリット管(100μL)を用いて尾静脈から血液を3回回収した。血液を遠心分離した後、血漿を回収し、測定まで−20℃で保存した。次いで、アディポカイン/サイトカインの以下のパネルを、Luminex系7−plex:レプチン、レジスチン、MCP−1、PAI−1、TNFα、インスリン、及びインターロイキン−6(IL−6)を用いて測定した。
群1+3(111日目):以下の器官を切除し、計量した:鼡径部の皮下脂肪、精巣上体脂肪、腹膜後脂肪、脳、肝臓、腎臓、脾臓、及び心臓。上記全ての器官のサンプルを、将来的に組織病理学的評価を行うことができるように4%PFAで固定した。また、立体解析及び免疫組織学的分析が可能であるように膵臓(総括的に)をサンプリングし、後で網膜症について分析できるように眼をサンプリングした。群2(28日目):組織又は血漿を回収しなかった。
赤血球溶解後の全血から一次ヒト白血球(WBC)を得た。1μmol/L(μM)のD−TAT(配列番号4)−FITC又はr3−L−TAT(配列番号15)−FITCと共に、37℃で30分間WBCをインキュベートし、酸性バッファで洗浄し、細胞型特異的表面マーカー(単球はCD14、多核白血球はCD15、リンパ球TはCD3、リンパ球BはCD19)に対する蛍光抗体で染色する。D−TAT−FITC及びr3−L−TAT−FITCを含む細胞を、最後にフローサイトメトリーにより分析して、それぞれの輸送体含量を測定する。両方のTAT誘導体は、ヒト白血球集団を標的とする。dTAT及びr3LTATは、単球、好中球、及びリンパ球T細胞に結合し、リンパ球B細胞に対する結合効率は低い。dTATの特異性とr3−L−TATの特異性との間には僅かに差が存在し、D−TATはr3−L−TATよりもリンパ球Tに、より効率的に結合する。
サブコンフルエントな密度(用いられる細胞型に依存して変動し得る)の細胞を、ポリ−D−リジンで予めコーティングされている96ウェルプレートにプレーティングした。次いで、異なるFITC結合型輸送体を、3μmol/L(μM)で15時間細胞と共にインキュベートした。この時間の後、残りの手順のために細胞を氷上で保存した。細胞表面に結合しているペプチドを除去するために、先ず、細胞を酸洗浄で2回洗浄して、原形質膜に結合している分子を除去した。次いで、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、標準的な溶解バッファに30分間溶解させた。次いで、細胞溶解物を含むプレートを、4℃で1,500rpmにて5分間遠心分離した。次いで、透明な上清を回収し、細胞内FITC蛍光を測定するために黒色96ウェルプレートに移した。以下の細胞を用いた:
白血球細胞株: Raw:マクロファージ細胞(マウス)
J77:マクロファージ細胞(マウス)
一次精製白血球: BMDM:骨髄由来マクロファージ(マウス)。
この実験では8週齢の雄のC57/B16マウスを用いた。イソフルオランで簡単に麻酔をかけた左後肢にフロイント完全アジュバント(CFA)(Sigma、20μL)を皮下注射することにより、末梢炎症を誘導した。XG−102(配列番号233)処理した動物に、CFA注射の1時間前に10μg/kgのXG−102を単回ボーラスi.v.注射した。4%のPFA−PBS溶液で心臓を灌流させることにより、CFA注射の4時間後にマウスを屠殺した。後肢をスクロース(PBS中30%)で低温保護し、次いで液体イソペンタンを用いて凍結させ、更に凍結切片を作製するために保存した。切片をヘマトキシリン及びエオシン(H&E)で染色するか、又はXG−102(配列番号233)免疫染色のために処理した。先ず、0.3%のH2O2−メタノール溶液で30分間切片をクエンチし、H2Oで3分間すすぎ、次いで、PBSで5分間洗浄する。この工程後、切片を、15%の血清及び0.3%のトリトンを含有するPBS中で45分間プレインキュベートし、次いで、PBS中1.5%の血清、0.1%のトリトンで希釈した一次抗体(ウサギポリクローナル抗XG−102、1/1000希釈)と共に室温で一晩インキュベートした。次いで、適切なビオチン化二次抗体と共に室温で2時間切片をインキュベートし、PBSで3回洗浄し、ストレプトアビジン−ビオチン−ペルオキシダーゼ複合体(ABC kit,Vectastain,Vector Laboratories)と共に室温で2時間インキュベートした。製造業者(Roche)に従ってバッファで1/10に希釈された基質として2,3’ジアミノベンジデンを用いて、PBSで3回洗浄した後、免疫標識を顕色した。最後に、切片を脱水し、Eukitt(Kindler GmBH)を用いて封入した。同じ実験で免疫染色するために全ての動物を処理し、同じ時間顕色に供した。HRP染色(下方パネル)により、CFA−XG−102処理された動物において浸潤白血球にXG−102が存在することが明らかになった。
この実験では8週齢の雄のC57/B16マウスを用いた。イソフルオランで簡単に麻酔をかけた左後肢にフロイント完全アジュバント(CFA)(Sigma、20μL)を皮下注射することにより、末梢炎症を誘導した。XG−102(配列番号233)処理した動物に、CFA注射の1時間前に10μg/kgのXG−102を単回ボーラスi.v.注射した。4%のPFA−PBS溶液で心臓を灌流させることにより、CFA注射の4時間後にマウスを屠殺した。後肢をスクロース(PBS中30%)で低温保護し、次いで液体イソペンタンを用いて凍結させ、更に凍結切片を作製するために保存した。切片をXG−102抗体又は白血球表面マーカーとして使用されるCD11bで染色した。先ず、切片を0.3%のH2O2−メタノール溶液で30分間クエンチし、H2Oで3分間すすぎ、次いで、PBSで5分間洗浄する。この工程後、切片を、15%の血清及び0.3%のトリトンを含有するPBS中で45分間プレインキュベートし、次いで、PBS中1.5%の血清、0.1%のトリトンで希釈した一次抗体(ウサギポリクローナル抗XG−102、1/1000希釈)と共に室温で一晩インキュベートした。次いで、切片を、適切なビオチン化二次抗体と共に室温で2時間インキュベートし、PBSで3回洗浄し、ストレプトアビジン−ビオチン−ペルオキシダーゼ複合体(ABC kit,Vectastain,Vector Laboratories)と共に室温で2時間インキュベートした。製造業者(Roche)に従ってバッファで1/10に希釈された基質として2,3’ジアミノベンジデンを用いて、PBSで3回洗浄した後、免疫標識を顕色した。最後に、切片を脱水し、Eukitt(Kindler GmBH)を用いて封入した。同じ実験で免疫染色するために全ての動物を処理し、同じ時間顕色に供した。
体重180g〜200gの雄のSprague Dawleyラットを、0.1mg/kgのXG−102(配列番号233)を単回ボーラスi.v.注射することにより処理した。注射時間は、以下のサンプリングのレファレンス時間とみなされる。30分、24時間、3日、7日、14日、及び27日という様々な注射時間の後、ラットを屠殺した。瀉血によりラットを屠殺した。次いで、腸間膜リンパ節鎖(及び可能な場合には、頸、腋窩、上腕、腎臓、及び腰リンパ節)を、組織学的切片用に摘出した。器官を、4℃にて1×PBSですすぎ、4℃にて4%PAF/1×PBS中で一晩固定した。24時間後、サンプルを撹拌しながら4℃にて1×PBS中で3×10分間すすぎ、LNが沈むまで30%スクロース/1×PBSに浸漬させた。次いで、ドライアイス上でバイアルを用いて−(35〜40)℃にて3分間イソペンタンでサンプルを凍結させた。凍結切片作成後、XG−102免疫染色のための切片を処理した。先ず、切片を0.3%のH2O2−メタノール溶液で30分間クエンチし、H2Oで3分間すすぎ、次いで、PBSで5分間洗浄する。次いで、15%の血清及び0.3%のトリトンを含有するPBS中で切片を45分間プレインキュベートし、次いで、PBS中1.5%の血清、0.1%のトリトンで希釈した一次抗体(ウサギポリクローナル抗XG−102、1/1000希釈)と共に室温で一晩インキュベートした。PBSで3回洗浄した後、切片を、ストレプトアビジン−ビオチン−ペルオキシダーゼ複合体(ABC kit,Vectastain,Vector Laboratories)と共に室温で2時間インキュベートした。製造業者(Roche)に従ってバッファで1/10に希釈された基質として2,3’ジアミノベンジデンを用いて、PBSで3回洗浄した後、免疫標識を顕色した。次いで、切片を脱水し、Eukitt(Kindler GmBH)を用いて封入した。同じ実験で免疫染色するために全ての動物を処理し、同じ時間顕色に供した。
雌のSprague Dawleyラットの尾に、1mg/kgのFITC−XG102(配列番号233)又は1mg/kgのFITC−D−TAT(配列番号4)のいずれかをi.v.注射した。注射の6時間後に、致死量のペントバルビタールナトリウム(150mg/kg i.p.)を用いてラットを屠殺した。組織学的分析のために、麻酔中、4%のパラホルムアルデヒド(PFA)−PBS溶液をラットの心臓に灌流した。器官(肝臓及びリンパ節)をスクロース(PBS中30%)で低温保護し、液体イソペンタンを用いて凍結させ、更なる凍結切片作製のために保存した。14μmの切片をPBS中にて5分間インキュベートした後、室温で2分間Hoechst染色(1μg/mL)した。PBS洗浄後、切片をFluorsave封入培地に封入した。落射蛍光顕微鏡を用いて切片を可視化した。
Claims (25)
- 白血球が関与する疾患及び障害の少なくともいずれかの治療、予防、減衰、及び回復の少なくともいずれかを行うための輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の使用であって、前記輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子が、
a)成分(A)として、HIV TAT残基49〜57(配列番号2)で表されるアミノ酸配列又はその変異体を含む(ポリ)ペプチドと、
b)成分(B)として、(薬学的に活性の)積荷分子と、
c)1以上の任意成分と、
を含み、
前記配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の変異体が、
i)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、及び
ii)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、
からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする使用。 - 白血球が関与する疾患及び障害の少なくともいずれかが、欠損性アポトーシスにより引き起こされる疾患を含む癌若しくは腫瘍疾患、炎症性疾患、細菌及びウイルス(感染性)疾患を含む感染性疾患、JNKシグナル伝達に強く関連する疾患、自己免疫障害、自己免疫疾患、心臓血管疾患、神経疾患、神経変性疾患、肝臓疾患、脊椎疾患、子宮疾患、大鬱病性障害、非慢性炎症性消化器疾患、慢性炎症性消化器疾患、糖尿病、脱毛、聴力損失、又は内耳疾患から選択される請求項1に記載の使用。
- 白血球が関与する疾患及び障害の少なくともいずれかが、ウイルス感染症、特に白血球のウイルス感染症から選択される請求項1又は2に記載の使用。
- 白血球が関与する疾患及び障害の少なくともいずれかが、HIV、エプスタイン−バーウイルス、モルビリウイルス(麻疹)、パラミクソウイルス、ルビウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス6型、ヘルペスウイルス、デングウイルス、単純ヘルペスウイルス1型、単純ヘルペスウイルス2型、パルボウイルス、RSウイルス、痘瘡ウイルス、水痘ウイルス、フラビウイルス、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス1型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス3型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス4型、A型肝炎ウイルス、B型肝炎ウイルス、C型肝炎ウイルス、D型肝炎ウイルス、E型肝炎ウイルス、ラッサウイルス、A型インフルエンザウイルス(亜型H1N1及びH3N2を含む)、B型インフルエンザウイルス、C型インフルエンザウイルスのうちの1つから選択される剤により引き起こされる感染性疾患である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 白血球が関与する疾患及び障害の少なくともいずれかが、好中球増加症、好中球減少症、白血球減少症、好塩基球減少症、好塩基球増加症、好酸球減少症、好酸球増加症、突発性好酸球増多症候群、リンパ球性白血球増加症、リンパ球増加症、リンパ球減少症、単球増加症、単球減少症、メイ−ヘグリン異常、ペルゲル−フエット異常、アルダー−ライリー異常、チェディアック−東症候群、ヨブ症候群(高IgE症候群)、怠けもの白血球症候群、先天性補体第3成分欠損症、慢性肉芽腫症、白血球グルコース6−リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ欠損症、良性ミエロペルオキシダーゼ欠損症、重症複合型免疫欠損症、ディ・ジョージ症候群、ネゼロフ症候群、乳児伴性無ガンマグロブリン血症、分類不能型低ガンマグロブリン血症、ムコ多糖体症、リポドーズ(lipodoses)、ゴーシェ病、ニーマン−ピック病、ファブリー病、ファーバー病、ガングリオシドーシス、テイ−サックス病、ザントホフ病、クラッベ病、異染色性白質萎縮症、ウォルマン病、白血病、急性リンパ性白血病(L1、L2、L3)、慢性リンパ性白血病、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、未分化AML(M0)、骨髄芽球性白血病(M1)、骨髄芽球性白血病(M2)、前骨髄球性白血病(M3)、骨髄単球性白血病(M4)、単球性白血病(M5)、赤白血病(M6)、巨核芽球性白血病(M7)、慢性骨髄球性白血病から選択される請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の(体重1kg当たりの)用量が、10mmol/kg以下、好ましくは1mmol/kg以下、より好ましくは100μmol/kg以下、更により好ましくは10μmol/kg、更により好ましくは1μmol/kg以下、更により好ましくは100nmol/kg以下、最も好ましくは50nmol/kg以下の範囲である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の(体重1kg当たりの)用量が、約1pmol/kg〜約1mmol/kg、約10pmol/kg〜約0.1mmol/kg、約10pmol/kg〜約0.01mmol/kg、約50pmol/kg〜約1μmol/kg、約100pmol/kg〜約500nmol/kg、約200pmol/kg〜約300nmol/kg、約300pmol/kg〜約100nmol/kg、約500pmol/kg〜約50nmol/kg、約750pmol/kg〜約30nmol/kg、約250pmol/kg〜約5nmol/kg、約1nmol/kg〜約10nmol/kgの範囲、又は前記値のうちの任意の2つの組み合わせである請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 対象物質(積荷分子)を白血球に輸送するための輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の使用であって、前記輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子が、
a)成分(A)として、HIV TAT残基49〜57(配列番号2)で表されるアミノ酸配列又はその変異体を含む(ポリ)ペプチドと、
b)成分(B)として、積荷分子と、
c)1以上の任意成分と、
を含み、
前記配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の変異体が、
i)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、及び
ii)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、
からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする使用。 - 対象物質(積荷分子)を白血球に輸送するための輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を製造するための、HIV TAT残基49〜57(配列番号2)で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、又はその変異体の使用であって、前記配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の変異体が、
i)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、及び
ii)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、
からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする使用。 - 輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の2以上の成分が互いに共有結合しており、特に成分(A)と(B)とが互いに共有結合している請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 積荷分子(成分(B))が、
a)治療活性タンパク質及び治療活性(ポリ)ペプチドの少なくともいずれかを含むタンパク質又は(ポリ)ペプチド、
b)タンパク質キナーゼであるc−Junアミノ末端キナーゼ又は因子の阻害剤を含むタンパク質キナーゼ阻害剤、
c)抗原、
d)抗体、
e)アポトーシス因子、
f)ペプチドプロテアーゼ阻害剤を含む病状に関与しているプロテアーゼ、
g)BH3−ドメイン、
h)BH3−onlyタンパク質、
i)DNA、
j)siRNA、アンチセンスRNA、マイクロRNAを含むRNA、
k)細胞毒性剤、
l)小有機化合物、
m)小分子医薬、
n)金粒子、
o)蛍光色素、
p)抗生物質、
q)静ウイルス剤
の少なくともいずれかから選択される請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の使用。 - 配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の変異体が、配列番号2〜116、235、又はそれぞれの逆配列の化学誘導体の群より選択される(化学)誘導体である請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 任意の1以上の更なる成分が、輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子を特定の細胞内標的局在位置又は特定の細胞型に導くシグナル配列又は局在配列から選択される請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子の成分のうちの1つ、2つ、それ以上及び全ての少なくともいずれかが、タンパク質又は(ポリ)ペプチド配列であり、L−アミノ酸、D−アミノ酸、又はL−アミノ酸とD−アミノ酸との混合物からなる請求項1から13のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 変異体が、(ポリ)ペプチドの配列に対して、少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%、又は99%の配列同一性を有する(ポリ)ペプチド配列を含む又は前記(ポリ)ペプチド配列からなる請求項1から14のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 積荷が、配列番号117〜200、又はこれらの断片若しくは変異体から選択されるc−Junアミノ末端キナーゼの阻害剤である請求項1から15のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 白血球への輸送が、エキソビボで生じる請求項1から16のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 白血球が、一次細胞である請求項1から17のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 白血球が、不死化細胞である請求項1から18のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 白血球が、トランスジェニック細胞である請求項1から19のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 白血球が、顆粒球、リンパ球、単球、マクロファージ、樹状細胞、マイクログリア細胞、及び肥満細胞の少なくともいずれかから選択される請求項1から20のいずれかに記載の使用。
- 顆粒球が、好中球、好酸球、及び好塩基球からなる群より選択される請求項21に記載の使用。
- リンパ球が、NK細胞、ヘルパーT細胞、細胞毒性T細胞、γδT細胞、及びB細胞から選択される請求項21に記載の使用。
- 対象物質(積荷分子)を白血球に輸送する方法であって、
i)輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子と、白血球と、を接触させる工程を含み、前記輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子が、
a)成分(A)として、HIV TAT残基49〜57(配列番号2)で表されるアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその変異体を含む(ポリ)ペプチドと、
b)成分(B)として、積荷分子と、
c)1以上の任意成分と、
を含み、
前記配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の変異体が、
i’)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、及び
ii’)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド
からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする方法。 - 輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子又はその断片を含む単離白血球であって、前記輸送体−積荷コンジュゲート分子が、
a)成分(A)として、HIV TAT残基49〜57(配列番号2)で表されるアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその変異体を含む(ポリ)ペプチドと、
b)成分(B)として、積荷分子と、
c)1以上の任意成分と、
を含み、
前記配列番号2で表されるアミノ酸配列の変異体が、
i)配列番号235に係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド、及び
ii)配列番号2〜116のいずれか1つに係る少なくとも1つのアミノ酸配列、その(化学)誘導体、又はその逆配列を含む(ポリ)ペプチド
からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする単離白血球。
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