JP2012234091A - 感光性エレメント、レジストパターンの形成方法及びプリント配線板の製造方法 - Google Patents
感光性エレメント、レジストパターンの形成方法及びプリント配線板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2012234091A JP2012234091A JP2011103532A JP2011103532A JP2012234091A JP 2012234091 A JP2012234091 A JP 2012234091A JP 2011103532 A JP2011103532 A JP 2011103532A JP 2011103532 A JP2011103532 A JP 2011103532A JP 2012234091 A JP2012234091 A JP 2012234091A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- group
- pyrazoline
- photosensitive layer
- meth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
【解決手段】支持フィルム10と、その上に形成された感光層20と、保護フィルムを備える感光性エレメント1であって、支持フィルムのヘーズが、0.01〜1.5%であり、かつ、該支持フィルムに含まれる直径5μm以上の粒子及び直径5μm以上の凝集物の総数が5個/mm2以下であり、また、バインダーポリマーとエチレン性不飽和結合を有する光重合性化合物及び光重合開始剤を含有する感光層の厚さT(μm)と365nmにおける吸光度Aとが、0.005≦A/T≦0.020で表される関係を満足し、更に、保護フィルムの酸素透過率が、5×10−2m3/m2・日・MPa以下である感光性エレメント。
【選択図】図1
Description
0.005≦A/T≦0.020 (I)
前記保護フィルムの酸素透過率が、5×10−2m3/m2・日・MPa以下である、感光性エレメントに関する。
また、本発明の感光性エレメントにおいて、感光層の厚さが、2〜30μmであることが好ましい。
支持フィルム10は、ヘーズが0.01〜1.5%であり、かつ支持フィルム10に含まれる直径5μm以上の粒子及び凝集物(以下、単に「粒子等」という)の総数が5個/mm2以下のものである。ここで、支持フィルム10に含まれる直径5μm以上の粒子等には、支持フィルム10の主面から突出しているもの及びフィルム内部に存在するものの両方が含まれる。また、直径5μm以上の粒子等には、直径5μm以上の一次粒子及び直径5μm未満の一次粒子の凝集物が含まれる。
感光層20は感光性樹脂組成物からなる層である。感光層20の厚さT(μm)と感光層20の365nmにおける吸光度Aとは、下記式(I)で表される関係を満足する。
0.005≦A/T≦0.020 (I)
本実施形態のレジストパターンの形成方法は、上記感光性エレメント1を、感光層20、支持フィルム10の順に回路形成用基板上に積層する積層工程と、活性光線を、上記支持フィルム10を通して感光層20の所定部分に照射して、感光層20に光硬化部を形成させる露光工程と、上記光硬化部以外の感光層20の部分を除去する現像工程と、を含む方法である。
本実施形態のプリント配線板の製造方法は、上記レジストパターンの形成方法によりレジストパターンの形成された回路形成用基板に対し、エッチング又はめっきすることによって行われる。ここで、回路形成用基板のエッチング又はめっきは、現像されたレジストパターンをマスクとして、回路形成用基板の表面を公知の方法によりエッチング又はめっきすることによって行われる。
本発明の感光性エレメント1は、リジット基板と、そのリジット基板上に形成された絶縁膜とを備える半導体パッケージ基板に用いることもできる。この場合、感光層20の光硬化部を絶縁膜として用いればよい。感光層20の光硬化部を、例えば半導体パッケージ用のソルダーレジストとして用いる場合は、上述のレジストパターンの形成方法における現像終了後、はんだ耐熱性、耐薬品性等を向上させる目的で、高圧水銀ランプによる紫外線照射や加熱を行うことが好ましい。紫外線を照射させる場合は必要に応じてその照射量を調整することができ、例えば0.2〜10J/cm2程度の照射量で照射を行うこともできる。また、レジストパターンを加熱する場合は、100〜170℃程度の範囲で15〜90分程行われることが好ましい。さらに紫外線照射と加熱とを同時に行うこともでき、いずれか一方を実施した後、他方を実施することもできる。紫外線の照射と加熱とを同時に行う場合、はんだ耐熱性、耐薬品性等を効果的に付与する観点から、60〜150℃に加熱することがより好ましい。
まず、表1に示す組成のバインダーポリマーを下記合成例にしたがって合成した。
撹拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、滴下ロート及び窒素ガス導入管を備えたフラスコに、質量比6:4であるトルエン及びメチルセロソルブの配合物420gを加え、窒素ガスを吹き込みながら撹拌して、80℃まで加熱した。一方、共重合単量体としてメタクリル酸132g、メタクリル酸メチル24g、スチレン222g及びメタクリル酸ベンジル222gと、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル5.4gとを混合した溶液(以下、「溶液a」という)を用意し、80℃に加熱された質量比6:4であるトルエン及びメチルセロソルブの上記配合物に溶液aを4時間かけて滴下した。その後、質量比6:4であるトルエン及びメチルセロソルブの配合物40gを用い滴下ロートを洗浄し、フラスコ内に加え、80℃で撹拌しながら2時間保温した。さらに、質量比6:4であるメチルセロソルブ及びトルエンの配合物40gにアゾビスイソブチロニトリル1.0gを溶解した溶液を、30分かけてフラスコ内に滴下した。そして、質量比6:4であるトルエン及びメチルセロソルブの配合物120gを用い滴下ロートを洗浄し、フラスコ内に加えた。滴下後の溶液を撹拌しながら80℃で3時間保温した後、30分間かけて90℃に加温した。90℃で2時間保温した後、冷却して(a)成分であるバインダーポリマー溶液を得た。このバインダーポリマー溶液に、トルエンを加えて不揮発成分濃度(固形分濃度)が40質量%になるように調製した。バインダーポリマーの重量平均分子量は、バインダーポリマーの重量平均分子量は、45000であった。なお、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)法によって測定し、標準ポリスチレンの検量線を用いて換算することにより算出した。GPCの条件を以下に示す。また、バインダーポリマーの酸価を下記測定手順に従い測定した結果、酸価は107mgKOHであった。
共重合単量体としてメタクリル酸150g、メタクリル酸メチル300g及びスチレン150gと、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル5.4gとを混合した溶液(以下、「溶液b」という)を用意した以外は、合成例1と同様の操作をして(a)成分であるバインダーポリマー溶液を得た。このバインダーポリマー溶液に、トルエンを加えて不揮発成分濃度(固形分濃度)が40質量%になるように調製した。バインダーポリマーの重量平均分子量は、バインダーポリマーの重量平均分子量は、45000であった。また、バインダーポリマーの酸価は121mgKOHであった。
ポンプ:日立 L−6000型(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)
カラム:Gelpack GL−R420+Gelpack GL−R430+Gelpack GL−R440(計3本)(以上、日立化成工業株式会社製、商品名)
溶離液:テトラヒドロフラン
測定温度:40℃
流量:2.05mL/分
検出器:日立 L−3300型RI(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名)
三角フラスコに合成したバインダーポリマーを秤量し、混合溶剤(質量比:トルエン/メタノール=70/30)を加え溶解後、指示薬としてフェノールフタレイン溶液を添加し、N/10水酸化カリウムアルコール溶液で滴定し、酸価を測定した。
b−2:BPE−200(EO変性ビスフェノールAジメタクリレート、新中村工業株式会社製、商品名)
b−3:FA−MECH(γ−クロロ−2−ヒロドキシプロピル−β′−メタクリロイルオキシエリル−o−フタレート、日立化成工業株式会社製、商品名)
c−1:2−(o−クロロフェニル)−4,5−ジフェニルイミダゾール二量体
c−2:1−フェニル−3−(4−メトキシスチリル)−5−(4−メトキシフェニル)ピラゾリン
c−3:1−フェニル−3−(4−メトキシフェニル)−5−(4−t−ブチルフェニル)ピラゾリン
c−4:1−フェニル−3−フェニル−5−(4−イソプロピルフェニル)ピラゾリン
c−5:N,N′−テトラエチル−4,4′−ジアミノベンゾフェノン
c−6:4−t−ブチルカテコール
感光性エレメント1の支持フィルム10として、下記PETフィルム及び保護フィルム用意した。各PETフィルムに含まれる5μm以上の粒子等の個数及びヘーズ及び各保護フィルムの酸素透過率を測定した結果を表4及び5に示す。
<支持フィルム>
微粒子を含有する層を表裏に有する3層構造の二軸配向PETフィルム:FB40(東レ株式会社製、商品名)
微粒子が片側にのみ存在する2層構造の二軸配向PETフィルム:A−1517(東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名)
微粒子を含有する層を表裏に有する3層構造の二軸配向PETフィルム:HTR−02(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製、商品名)
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム:FB40(東レ株式会社製、商品名、厚さ16μm)
ポリプロピレンフィルム:E−200C(王子製紙株式会社製、商品名、厚さ20μm)
ポリエチレンフィルム:NF−15A(タマポリ株式会社製、商品名、厚さ28μm)
銅箔(厚さ:35μm)を両面に積層したガラスエポキシ材である銅張積層板(日立化成工業株式会社製、商品名「MLC−E−679」)の銅表面を、表面粗化処理液「メックエッチボンド CZ−8100」(メック株式会社製、商品名)を用い表面処理し、酸洗及び水洗後、空気流で乾燥した。得られた銅張積層板を80℃に加温し、保護フィルムを剥離しながら、感光層20が銅表面に接するように感光性エレメント1をラミネートした。こうして、銅張積層板、感光層20、支持フィルム10の順に積層された積層体を得た。ラミネートは、120℃のヒートロールを用いて、0.4MPaの圧着圧力、1.5m/分のロール速度で行なった。これらの積層体は、以下に示す試験における試験片として用いた。
上記試験片を125mm×200mmのサイズにカットし、支持フィルム10を剥離した後、30℃の1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を用いて、未露光状態の感光層20をスプレー現像し、未露光部が完全に除去される時間を測定し、最少現像時間とした。測定結果を表4及び表5に示す。
試験片の支持フィルム10上に、ネガとして41段ステップタブレット(日立化成工業株式会社製)を載置し、高圧水銀灯ランプを有する露光機(株式会社オーク製作所製、商品名「EXM−1201」)及びi線バンドバスフィルターを用いて、現像後のレジスト硬化段数が11段になる所定の照射エネルギー量となるように感光層20を露光した。次に、支持フィルム10を剥離し、30℃の1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を最少現像時間の2倍の時間でスプレー現像し、未露光部分を除去して現像を行った。そして、銅張積層板上に形成された光硬化膜のステップタブレットの段数が11段になっていることを確認し、このときの露光量を各感光層20の所定の照射エネルギー量とした。結果を表4及び5に示す。
解像度を調べるため、41段ステップタブレットを有するフォトツールと、解像度評価用ネガとしてライン幅/スペース幅が2/2〜30/30(単位:μm)の配線パターンを有するガラスクロムタイプのフォトツールとを試験片の支持フィルム10上に密着させ、高圧水銀灯ランプを有する露光機(株式会社オーク製作所製、商品名「EXM−1201」)及びi線バンドパスフィルターを用いて、41段ステップタブレットの現像後の残存ステップ段数が11段となる照射エネルギー量で露光を行った。次に、支持フィルム10を剥離し、30℃で1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を最少現像時間の2倍の時間でスプレー現像し、未露光部分を除去して現像を行った。ここで、解像度は、現像処理後に光学顕微鏡を用いてレジストパターンを観察したとき、未露光部を完全に除去することができたライン幅間のスペース幅の最も小さい幅(単位:μm)を測定することにより評価した。なお、解像度の評価は数値が小さいほど良好な値である。結果を表4及び5に示す。
密着性を調べるため、41段ステップタブレットを有するフォトツールと、密着性評価用ネガとしてライン幅/スペース幅が2/6〜30/90(単位:μm)の配線パターンを有するガラスクロムタイプのフォトツールとを試験片の支持フィルム10上に密着させ、高圧水銀灯ランプを有する露光機(株式会社オーク製作所製、商品名「EXM−1201」)を用いて、41段ステップタブレットの現像後の残存ステップ段数が11.0となる照射エネルギー量で露光を行った。次に、支持フィルム10を剥離し、30℃で1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を最少現像時間の2倍の時間でスプレー現像し、未露光部分を除去して現像を行った。ここで、密着性は、現像処理によって未露光部をきれいに除去することができ、現像処理後に光学顕微鏡を用いてレジストパターンを観察したとき、剥がれ及びよれがなく残ったライン幅のうち最も小さい幅(単位:μm)を測定することにより評価した。なお、密着性の評価は数値が小さいほど良好な値である。結果を表4及び5に示す。
上記解像度測定試験で評価した回路形成用基板において、ライン幅/スペース幅が10/10(単位:μm)の配線パターンのレジストラインの断面形状を観察した。観察手法として、タングステンを用いてレジストの保護膜を形成した後、集束イオンビーム加工観察装置(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名「FB−2000A」、イオン種:Gaイオン、加速電圧:30kV、観察条件:ビームアパーチャー直径500μm)を用い、レジストパターン中心部のレジスト断面を露出させた。次いで、走査型電子顕微鏡(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名「FE−SEM S−4700」)により観察し、レジスト上面とレジスト底面の線幅の差を測定し、以下のように評価した。結果を表4及び5に示す。
A:線幅の差が1.0μm未満である。
B:線幅の差が1.0〜1.5μmである。
C:線幅の差が1.5μmを超える。
上記解像度測定試験で評価した基板において、レジストラインの側面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡(株式会社日立製作所製、商品名「SU−1500」)により観察し、以下のように評価した。結果を表3に示す。
A:滑らかな形状
B:やや粗い形状
C:粗い形状
レジストの微小欠損部発生性を調べるため、41段ステップタブレットを有するフォトツールと、ライン幅/スペース幅が10/30(単位:μm)の配線パターンを有するガラスクロムタイプのフォトツールとを試験片の支持フィルム10上に密着させ、高圧水銀灯ランプを有する露光機及びi線バンドパスフィルターを用いて、41段ステップタブレットの現像後の残存ステップ段数が8.0となる照射エネルギー量で露光を行った。次に、支持フィルム10を剥離し、30℃の1質量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を最少現像時間の4倍の時間スプレーし、未露光部分を除去した。次いで、顕微鏡を用いて、レジスト欠損部の個数を数えた。ライン長さが1mmでライン本数が10本を観察単位とし、n数を5とした時の平均値をレジスト微小欠損部発生数とした。その結果を表4、5に示す。
それに対し、表4の実施例1〜9に示すように、本発明の感光性エレメント1を用いた場合、光感度も高く、密着性及び解像度とも良好であり、レジストの微少な欠損を十分に低減し、断面形状がより矩形に近いレジストパターンを形成可能である。保護フィルムの変更のみで、光感度が向上することは、生産性向上に有効であり、且つ、レジストの組成設計の幅ができ、効果は大きい。
Claims (11)
- 支持フィルムと、該支持フィルム上に形成された感光性樹脂組成物に由来する感光層と、保護フィルムを備える感光性エレメントであって、前記支持フィルムのヘーズが、0.01〜1.5%であり、かつ、該支持フィルムに含まれる直径5μm以上の粒子及び直径5μm以上の凝集物の総数が5個/mm2以下であり、前記感光層が、バインダーポリマー、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する光重合性化合物及び光重合開始剤を含有し、前記感光層の厚さT(μm)と前記感光層の365nmにおける吸光度Aとが、下記式(I)で表される関係を満足し、
0.005≦A/T≦0.020 (I)
前記保護フィルムの酸素透過率が、5×10−2m3/m2・日・MPa以下である、感光性エレメント。 - 感光層の厚さが、2〜30μmである、請求項1記載の感光性エレメント。
- 光重合開始剤が、2,4,5−トリアリールイミダゾール二量体を含有する、請求項1又は2記載の感光性エレメント。
- 一般式(XI)又は(XII)において、Rのうち少なくとも一つがイソプロピル基である、請求項4記載の感光性エレメント。
- 一般式(XI)又は(XII)において、Rのうち少なくとも一つがメトキシ基又はエトキシ基である、請求項4記載の感光性エレメント。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の感光性エレメントを、前記保護フィルムを除去後、前記感光層、前記支持フィルムの順に回路形成用基板上に積層する積層工程と、活性光線を、前記支持フィルムを通して前記感光層の所定部分に照射して、前記感光層に光硬化部を形成させる露光工程と、前記光硬化部以外の前記感光層を除去する現像工程とを含む、レジストパターンの形成方法。
- 請求項10記載のレジストパターンの形成方法によりレジストパターンが形成された回路形成用基板に対し、エッチング又はめっきを施す、プリント配線板の製造方法。
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