JP2012127621A5 - - Google Patents

Description

Grain dryer

  The present invention relates to a grain dryer for drying potatoes and beans.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which dry exhaust air discharged by drying a grain by passing through a drying chamber is returned to the hot air chamber and returned to the drying chamber, and moisture and heat are simultaneously applied to the kernel for drying. Is described.

JP 2007-10247 A (page 3, FIG. 1).

  It is an object to apply this dryer to drying beans other than straw.

The invention according to claim 1, while flowing dry air from the hot air chamber (1) through the drying chamber (2) through which the grain flows down to the exhaust air chamber (3), In the grain dryer that dries and finishes drying when the moisture value detected by the moisture sensor reaches the set value.
A suction fan (24) for sucking the exhaust air flowing into the exhaust air chamber (3), and a return air duct (27) for returning the exhaust air sucked and discharged by the suction fan (24) to the hot air chamber (1) And an exhaust air regulating valve (4) for adjusting the amount of exhaust air returned to the return air duct (27),
The cocoon drying mode (B) for drying the koji and the bean drying mode (A) for drying the beans are configured to be selectable, and when the koji and the beans detected by the moisture sensor have the same moisture value , the bean drying mode (A ) Adjusts the exhaust air regulating valve (4) so that the absolute humidity in the drying chamber (2) during drying is higher than that in the straw drying mode (B). .

The invention according to claim 2 provides the beans drying mode (A) when the drying mode (C) without exhaust air return is provided and the drying mode (C) without exhaust air return is selected. And drying control at a lower drying speed than the cocoon drying mode (B) .

  The invention according to claim 1 adjusts and controls the exhaust air regulating valve (4) so that the absolute humidity in the drying chamber (2) during drying in the bean drying mode (A) is higher than that in the straw drying mode (B). To do. That is, when the moisture value of the beans and straw is the same, the ratio of returning the wind by the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is higher in the beans drying mode A than in the straw drying mode B so that the beans can return more moisture. Control to do. Therefore, it is possible to make it difficult to cause cracks and wrinkles by returning a relatively large amount of water to the drying chamber (3) when drying beans that are more susceptible to cracks and torso compared to straw.

In the invention according to the second aspect, the operator can select a desired drying mode .

The plane sectional view of a grain dryer. The arrangement side sectional view of an exhaust air regulating valve. Front sectional view of the drying chamber. The perspective view of a hot air chamber part. The block diagram of the return wind control of a part of drying control. The flowchart which shows the control flow of the haze drying mode. The flowchart which shows the control flow of bean drying mode. Graph showing the relationship between drying mode, moisture value and absolute humidity The figure which shows the structure which supplies a grain to a drying tank

  On the basis of the drawings, the substantially box-shaped drying tank 6 is provided with a grain collecting basket 7 and an auger 8 along the front-rear direction at the center of the bottom, and provided with inclined plates 9 on both left and right sides of the grain collecting basket 7. Receiving the grain fed from the upper drying chamber 4 and the feeding valve 5, it flows down to the grain collecting basket 7.

  The drying chamber 2 has a V-shaped cross-sectional shape as viewed from the front, and is formed of a mesh plate with a plurality of ventilation holes formed on the left and right sides, and in the space between the V-shaped drying chambers 2. An exhaust air chamber 3 is formed in the center of the width of the drying tank 6, and the hot air chamber 1 is provided between the lower side inclined plate 9 and the outer side of the V-shaped drying chamber 2 on both the left and right sides. In the hot air chamber 1, the feeding valve 5 is seen above the grain collecting basket 7 at the lower end of the hot air chamber 1 and the grains are conveyed.

  A hot air supply chamber 29 having a burner 13 is disposed on the front side of the central air exhaust chamber 3 between the left and right drying chambers 2, and an air exhaust duct having a suction fan 24 on the rear side of the central air exhaust chamber 3. 20 are provided in communication. The hot air supply chamber 29 on the front side of the exhaust air chamber 3 communicates with the front end portions of the hot air chambers 1 on the left and right sides, and supplies hot air generated by the burners 13 to the left and right hot air chambers 1. By driving a suction fan 24 arranged on the rear side of the drying tank 6, the air is exhausted from the outlet 19 of the exhaust duct 20 communicating with the rear end of the exhaust chamber 3 to the outside. This is a form in which the drying air heated and dried by passing through the chamber 2 is sucked and exhausted outside the apparatus.

  The feeding valve 5 is provided along the lower end of the V-shaped drying chamber 2, and causes the grains in the drying chamber 2 to flow down at an appropriate speed by the rotation of the feeding valve 5 driven by the motor M <b> 3. The upper end of each drying chamber 2 is made to communicate with the storage chamber 10 in which the grains are stretched and stored, and the grains stored in the storage chamber 10 are subjected to a drying action while being diverted to each drying chamber 2. On the front side of the drying tank 6, a burner 13, a controller 14, and a groining machine 11 are provided.

  The groining machine 11 has a configuration in which the grains delivered from the front end of the cereal collecting basket 7 are cerealed and conveyed to a supply basket 16 having an upper auger 15. The grains to be transported and supplied are diffused and supplied to the storage chamber 2 by being placed on the diffusion plate 18 arranged in the central part of 6. A moisture sensor (not shown) that measures the grain moisture value while collecting a part of the grain is provided in the middle of the groining machine 11. A driving motor M <b> 2 is provided on the top of the groining machine 11.

  This dryer is provided with a tension switch SW1, a drying switch SW2, a discharge switch SW3, a stop switch SW4, a blower switch SW5 for driving the suction fan motor M1, and the like on the input side of the controller 14, and this tension switch SW1 is By turning ON, the groining machine 11 motor M2, the auger 8 motor M6, etc. are driven and supplied to the groining machine 11, and the grains fed from the grouting machine 11 are supplied to the supply basket 16. Then, it is transported to the diffusion plate 18 and supplied to the storage chamber 10 to be stretched.

  When the drying switch SW1 is turned on, the motor M4 of the burner 13 is driven, the suction fan 24 motor M1 is driven, and the combustion air generated by the burner 13 is caused to flow across the drying chambers 2 to suck the suction fan. The air is discharged from the 24 exhaust ducts 20 to the outside of the machine. At this time, the feeding valve 3 motor M3 at the lower end of the drying chamber 4 can be driven to control the feeding speed of the grain flowing down in the drying chamber 2. When the grain drying operation is completed, the discharge switch SW3 is configured to take out the dried grain that has been lifted by the groining machine 11 by turning on the discharge switch SW3. The stop switch SW4 is for stopping the driving of the motors M1 to M6 and the like of the respective parts.

  The grain drying operation by the dryer causes the grain to be supplied by operating the tension switch SW1. The burner 13 is combusted by operating the drying switch SW2 based on the grain type and the set moisture, the suction fan 24 is driven, and hot air is blown into the drying chamber 2, and the grains in the drying chamber are fed into the feeding valve 5. It is heated and dried while being fed by driving. When the moisture value of the grain detected by the moisture sensor is reduced to the target set value by this drying, the burner 13 and the grower 1 are stopped, and the circulation drying action is stopped.

  A wind exhaust cylinder 20 of a suction fan 24 arranged at the back of the drying tank 6 is communicated with the back surface of the wind exhaust chamber 3 to open the air outlet 19 to the outside of the machine. A first control valve 26 is provided on the outlet 19 side of the exhaust tube 20 to guide part of the exhaust air from the suction fan 24 to the upper first return duct 17. The return air volume is further adjusted by the dual control valve 25. The exhaust flow control valve 4 constituted by the first control valve 26 and the second control valve 25 adjusts and controls the flow rate of the return exhaust air, and guides it to the second return duct 27 arranged along the left and right hot air chambers 1. It is the form which blows.

  When the return air is not sent to the second return duct 27, the first control valve 26 is fully opened to exhaust all the suction exhaust air from the suction fan 24 from the outlet 19 to the outside, and the second control valve 25 is It is closed so that the exhausted air is not returned to the hot air chamber 1. Further, when it is desired to return the exhaust air to the hot air chamber 1, the first control valve 26 is appropriately set to an opening degree on the close side, and the second control valve 25 is opened to an appropriate opening degree. The exhaust air can be returned to the hot air chamber 1 through the return duct 17 and the second return duct 27. The exhaust control control of the exhaust control valve 4 by the second control valve 25 and the first control valve 26 is performed according to a software program set in the controller 14 in advance. The drying method is determined by the internal humidity etc. of the grains of the time, and the appropriate exhaust air is returned according to each drying control.

  The exhausted air that has been dried through the drying chamber 2 as described above is exhausted to the outside of the apparatus through the suction fan 20 and the exhaust tube 20. It can be returned to the hot air supply chamber 29 through the double return duct 27, mixed with the hot air supplied from the burner 13, and blown again to the hot air chamber 1. At this time, since the second return duct 27 is laid inside the hot air chamber 1, it is heated by the hot air in the hot air chamber 1 and maintained in a heat-retaining state, so that efficient drying can be performed. In addition, the second return duct 27 is laid inside the body of the drying tank 6 so as not to be exposed or projected to the outside, thereby simplifying the configuration.

  The outlets 28 at the front ends of the left and right second return ducts 27 are in open communication with the hot air supply chamber 29 in the front part of the drying tank 6 supplied from the burner 13. The exhaust air returned from the outlet 28 to the hot air supply chamber 29 is merged with the hot air supplied from the burner 13, guided to the left and right hot air chambers 1, and supplied to the drying chamber 2 as dry air. .

  Control of the exhaust air regulating valve 4 in the soot drying mode B is performed in a process as shown in FIG. Normally, the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is fully opened, and all the dry air sucked and exhausted by the suction fan 24 is discharged from the outlet 19 of the exhaust tube 20 to the outside of the machine. When there is a possibility of cracking the body, by drying while applying moisture and humidity with a high temperature, it causes the drying of the body splitting phenomenon to be small. It is dried by using exhaust air having heat and moisture once dried. At this time, the amount of exhaust air supplied to the soot is controlled based on the absolute exhaust air humidity calculated from the humidity included in the exhaust air. The first adjustment valve 26 and the exhaust air control valve 4 are adjusted and controlled, and the return amount of the exhaust air amount is output from the controller 14 and adjusted so as to obtain an appropriate exhaust absolute humidity.

  Immediately after the start of drying, the first control valve 26 is opened and the second control valve 25 is closed, so that the exhausted air is discharged from the blower outlet 19 to the outside so as not to return the dust to the hot air chamber 1 (step S1). ). In this way, when the supply stretcher of the dryer passes the first one circulation cycle, it is dried by controlling the return control valve 4 and the like based on the absolute exhaust air humidity (S2), and the soot grains are set to the set moisture value. When approaching (for example, 14 and 5%), the return exhaust wind is gradually lowered to prevent the shell cracking due to a rapid drop in the grain temperature (S3). At this time, the return amount QB of the exhaust air amount in the soot drying mode B is set to a ratio of about 40%, and the exhaust air control valve 4 is adjusted and controlled.

  When the soot drying reaches the set moisture value in this way, the control of the exhaust wind control valve 4 is stopped or further opened, and when the target set moisture value is reached, the exhaust wind control valve 4 is fully opened (S4). Then, the burner 13 is stopped (S5), and the entire dryer is stopped.

  When the soot grains approach the set moisture value (+1, 5%), the control of the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is finished, and the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is gradually moved in the opening direction, and is fully opened at the end of drying. . And in order to perform a hulling operation | work early after completion | finish of drying, the exhaust wind control valve 4 is opened and the grain temperature is lowered | hung.

  The control of the exhaust air regulating valve 4 in the bean drying mode A is performed in the flow as shown in FIG. In this case, the return amount QA of the exhaust air amount returned by the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is set to about 50% and is set to be larger than the return exhaust air amount QB in the soot drying mode B.

  Further, when the drying of the bean grains reaches the set moisture value (S3) and the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is fully closed (S4), the grain temperature for promoting the moisture transfer of the bean grains can be maintained. Until the set moisture value of the bean grains is reached, control by the exhaust air regulating valve 4 is performed, and it is fully closed after drying is completed.

  The exhaust air regulating valve 4 is configured so that the absolute humidity (g / m 3) in the drying chamber 2 corresponds to the moisture value detected by the moisture sensor for beans and straws in both the beans drying mode A and the straw drying mode B. The exhaust air regulating valve 4 is adjusted and controlled.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the beans and straws have the same moisture value, the absolute humidity of the drying chamber 2 in the bean drying mode A is higher than the absolute humidity of the drying chamber 2 in the straw drying mode B. The exhaust air regulating valve 4 is controlled. That is, the return air amount QA in the bean drying mode A is adjusted to be larger than the return air amount QB in the straw drying mode B when drying potatoes, so that a large amount of water is returned to A in the bean drying mode. Therefore, beans and cracks that are relatively easy to crack compared to straw can be reduced by drying while giving a relatively large amount of moisture.

  Note that the drying mode C without exhaust air return in FIG. 8 is control for exhausting all exhaust air outside the apparatus without controlling the exhaust air regulating valve 4. Both the bean drying mode A and the koji drying mode B of the present embodiment are modes in which the heat of the exhaust air is reused to dry at high speed, but the drying mode C without exhaust air return does not reuse the exhaust air. Dry at normal speed. The drying modes A to C can be selected by the operator to a desired mode with a switch.

  In the grain dryer, while the hot air heated by the burner flows from the hot air chamber 1 through the drying chamber 2 to the exhaust chamber 3, the grain flowing through the drying chamber 2 is dried while being heated. The grains flowing down the drying chamber 2 are heated by receiving the drying air, and the diffusion of the contained water is promoted to receive the drying action. Then, the exhaust air discharged into the exhaust air chamber 3 is returned to the hot air chamber 1 by the exhaust air regulating valve 4 and is circulated to the drying chamber 2 again as dry air, so that the hot air temperature of the return exhaust air and this The moisture (humidity) contained in the exhaust air is reused for the drying of the grain to improve the drying efficiency.

  During the drying operation of beans, this return air volume QA is set to be larger at the same moisture value than the return air volume QB during the drying operation of the straw. Drying action is performed by receiving a large amount of moisture and high temperature drying air.

  Further, when the moisture sensor detects that the moisture value set in advance is reached, the combustion of the banner is stopped and the drying is finished. At the end of drying, in the cocoon drying mode B, it stops in any state in the range from the opening above the set value to the fully open range, and in the bean drying mode A, either in the range from the opening to the fully closed range within the set value. Stop in state.

  As described above, in the cocoon drying mode B and the bean drying mode A, the exhaust air regulating valve 4 for circulating the dried air exhausted in the exhaust air chamber 3 to the hot air chamber 1 again and reusing it as the dry air is opened. Although the degree change control is performed, a constant set value is set in advance as a reference value for the opening degree change control.

  In the drying mode B after drying is completed, the hot air in the drying chamber 2 (warm air) can be easily discharged out of the machine by stopping in the state of full opening from the opening above the setting, and the grain temperature is reduced. Make it easy to lower. Further, in the bean drying mode A, by operating in the range of the opening degree below the set value to the fully closed range, it is difficult for hot air (warm air) in the drying chamber 2 to be discharged outside the machine, and the grain temperature is high. Because of the state, moisture transfer between the beans is likely to be active, and a uniform moisture value can be obtained.

1 Hot air chamber 2 Drying chamber 3 Exhaust chamber 4 Exhaust air control valve 27 Second return duct A Bean drying mode B 籾 Drying mode QA Return air volume QB Return air volume

Claims (2)

Moisture detected by the moisture sensor by drying the falling grain in the drying chamber (2) while flowing the drying air from the hot air chamber (1) through the drying chamber (2) where the grain flows down to the exhausting chamber (3) In the grain dryer that finishes drying when the value reaches the set value,
A suction fan (24) for sucking the exhaust air flowing into the exhaust air chamber (3), and a return air duct (27) for returning the exhaust air sucked and discharged by the suction fan (24) to the hot air chamber (1) And an exhaust air regulating valve (4) for adjusting the amount of exhaust air returned to the return air duct (27),
A cocoon drying mode (B) for drying cocoons and a bean drying mode (A) for drying beans are configured to be selectable,
When the moisture content detected by the moisture sensor is the same as that of the beans and beans , the exhaust air is adjusted so that the bean drying mode (A) has a higher absolute humidity in the drying chamber (2) than the drying mode (B). A grain dryer characterized by adjusting and controlling the valve (4). When a drying mode (C) without exhaust air return is provided and the drying mode (C) without exhaust air return is selected, the drying is controlled at a lower drying speed than the bean drying mode (A) and the straw drying mode (B). The grain dryer according to claim 1, wherein: