JP2012177316A - Air-fuel ratio control system of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-fuel ratio control system capable of reducing an amount of NOx emission without making an air-fuel ratio excessively maintain at a lean air-fuel ratio at the time of increasing an intake air amount of an internal combustion engine.SOLUTION: In the air-fuel ratio control system, when an output value Voxs of a downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor 56 arranged at a downstream side of a catalyst 43 in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine 10 is a determined value Vth or larger, the air-fuel ration of the internal combustion engine is set to be the lean air-fuel ratio. When the output value Voxs is smaller than the determined value Vth, the air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine is set to be a rich air-fuel ratio. When the intake air amount Ga is increased in the case that the output value Voxs of the air-fuel ratio sensor becomes larger than the determined value Vth, correction for enlarging the determined value Vth in proportion to the enlarged intake air changed amount ΔGa is carried out. Timing where the output value Voxs becomes smaller than the determined value Vth can be advanced on the basis of the correction, and the compensation of "the speed for changing from a value where the output value Voxs of the downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor 56 corresponds to the rich air-fuel ratio in proportion to the enlarged intake air amount Ga to a value corresponding to the lean air-fuel ratio becomes low" can be carried out.

Description

  The present invention relates to an air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a three-way catalyst in an exhaust passage.

  Conventionally, in order to purify exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine, a three-way catalyst is disposed in the exhaust passage of the engine. As is well known, when a gas flowing into the three-way catalyst (catalyst inflow gas) contains excess oxygen, the three-way catalyst stores the oxygen and purifies NOx. When the catalyst inflow gas contains excessive unburned substances, the three-way catalyst releases the stored oxygen and purifies the unburned substances. Hereinafter, the three-way catalyst is also simply referred to as “catalyst”.

  A conventional air-fuel ratio control device (conventional device) includes a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor disposed in the engine exhaust passage and downstream of the catalyst. The conventional device substantially determines the state of the catalyst (oxygen storage state) based on the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, and changes the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas based on the determined state of the catalyst.

  More specifically, the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor outputs the output value Voxs shown in FIG. The downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is also called a concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor. The oxygen concentration sensor includes, for example, a test tubular element portion shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3B, the element section includes a solid electrolyte layer 56a, an exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b formed outside the solid electrolyte layer 56a, and an air chamber AR (solid electrolyte layer). 56a, an atmosphere side electrode layer (inner electrode) 56c formed inside the solid electrolyte layer 56a so as to face the exhaust gas side electrode layer 56b across the solid electrolyte layer 56a, and an exhaust gas side electrode layer A coating layer 56d that covers 56b, a catalyst layer 56e that covers the coating layer 56d, and a catalyst layer 56e that is in contact with exhaust gas Ex (exposed to exhaust gas Ex that has passed through a protective cover (not shown) and entered the protective cover). A protective layer (trap layer) 56f. The solid electrolyte layer 56a and the like may be plate-shaped.

  The output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is an electromotive force according to “the difference between the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b and the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere side electrode layer (inner electrode) 56c”. Thus, the electromotive force causes movement of oxygen ions in the solid electrolyte layer 56a. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is such that the air-fuel ratio of gas flowing out from the catalyst (hereinafter also referred to as “catalyst outflow gas”) is smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. In the case (when the air-fuel ratio is richer than the theoretical air-fuel ratio), that is, when the catalyst outflow gas does not contain excessive oxygen, the maximum value Vmax or a value near the maximum value Vmax is obtained. In this case, the state of the catalyst can generally be determined to be an oxygen-deficient state (almost no oxygen is stored in the catalyst).

  On the other hand, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is excessive when the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst outflow gas is larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (when the air-fuel ratio is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio), that is, excessive in the catalyst outflow gas. When oxygen is contained, the minimum value Vmin or a value near the minimum value Vmin is obtained. In this case, it can be determined that the state of the catalyst is generally an oxygen-excess state (the amount of oxygen stored in the catalyst is close to the maximum oxygen storage amount Cmax).

  Therefore, the conventional device has an output value Voxs and a determination value Vth (target value) set to “median value Vmid = (Vmax + Vmin) / 2 which is an average value (central value) of maximum value Vmax and minimum value Vmin”. ), The catalyst state is substantially determined, and the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture (engine air-fuel ratio) supplied to the engine is controlled substantially based on the determination result.

  That is, in the conventional apparatus, when the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than the determination value Vth, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes an air-fuel ratio (lean air-fuel ratio) larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (catalyst). The air / fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that excess oxygen flows into the engine. Further, when the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than the determination value Vth, the conventional device is configured so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes an air-fuel ratio (rich air-fuel ratio) smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (catalyst). The air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that excess unburned material flows into the engine.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-171982

  By the way, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to be detected changes from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio, the reducing component (unburned material) contained in the exhaust gas with the rich air-fuel ratio is generated in the catalyst layer 56e of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor. Causes an oxidation reaction. As a result, oxygen is deprived from the coating layer 56d of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, so that the oxygen partial pressure of the exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b covered with the coating layer 56d is reduced, and the output value Voxs is increased. .

Here, the rate v of the oxidation reaction in the catalyst layer 56e is such that if the reducing component contained in the exhaust gas is CO, k is a constant, [CO] is the concentration of CO, and [O ₂ ] is the concentration of O ₂ . and when,
v = k · [CO] · [O ₂ ]
It is.

  When this oxidation reaction occurs, the concentration of the reducing component (here, CO) decreases. At this time, the larger the intake air amount Ga that represents the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the more reducing components reach (be supplied) to the catalyst layer 56e, so the concentration of the reducing components is maintained at a high value. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is As it gets bigger, it rises faster.

In contrast, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes from the rich air-fuel ratio to the lean air-fuel ratio, O ₂ is directly taken into the coating layer 56d, and “the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b The difference between the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere side electrode layer (inner electrode) 56c ”becomes smaller, and as a result, the output value Voxs decreases. That is, the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) of the coating layer 56d when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes to the lean air-fuel ratio strongly depends on the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) of the exhaust gas, but the flow rate of the exhaust gas Little dependence. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes from the rich air-fuel ratio to the lean air-fuel ratio, the change rate of the output value Voxs of the oxygen concentration sensor does not substantially depend on the intake air amount Ga. .

  Thus, as the flow rate of exhaust gas (intake air amount Ga) increases, the coating layer 56d changes to the reduced state in a shorter time, so the output value Voxs increases more rapidly. In contrast, the time until the coating layer 56d changes to the oxidized state does not depend on the exhaust gas flow rate (intake air amount Ga). As a result, the lean sensitivity of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (responsiveness when the output value Voxs changes to a value corresponding to the lean air-fuel ratio) decreases.

  For this reason, when the operation state of the engine becomes “an operation state in which the intake air amount Ga changes suddenly (acceleration operation state, etc.)”, the determination that the state of the catalyst is an oxygen excess state (lean state) is delayed, There is a problem that the period during which the air-fuel ratio is maintained at the lean air-fuel ratio becomes excessively long, and as a result, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are discharged.

  The present invention has been made to address the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine that can further improve the emission when the intake air amount fluctuates.

More specifically, the air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is:
A three-way catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine;
A downstream air-fuel ratio sensor that is a concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor disposed downstream of the catalyst in the exhaust passage;
Air-fuel ratio control means for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine which is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine;
Is provided.

The air-fuel ratio control device includes:
(1) When the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than the judgment value, the air-fuel ratio of “catalyst inflow gas that is exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst” is “the air-fuel ratio greater than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Controlling the air / fuel ratio of the engine to be `` a certain lean air / fuel ratio '', and
(2) When the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes “a rich air-fuel ratio that is an air-fuel ratio smaller than the theoretical air-fuel ratio”. The air / fuel ratio of the engine is controlled.

Further, the air-fuel ratio control device includes:
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is increasing, the amount of change per predetermined time of the intake air amount The first correction is performed to correct at least one of the output value and the determination value so that the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases as the size increases. Thus, the first parameter correction means for causing the time when the output value changes from a value larger than the determination value to a value smaller than the determination value to be reached earlier than when the first correction is not performed. including.

  FIG. 6 is a time chart showing various values in the conventional apparatus and various values in one aspect of the air-fuel ratio control apparatus (invention apparatus) according to the present invention. In this example, as shown in (A) and (B), the acceleration operation is started at time t1, whereby the intake air amount Ga increases rapidly. Further, as shown in (D) and (G), at time t1, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than the determination value Vth.

  Therefore, as shown in (C), the conventional apparatus maintains the target air-fuel ratio abyfr at the lean air-fuel ratio at time t1. However, as described above, when the intake air amount Ga increases, the lean sensitivity of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor decreases. Therefore, in the conventional apparatus, the output value Voxs is larger than the determination value Vth until time t4 as shown in (D). As a result, the air / fuel ratio of the engine is set to the lean air / fuel ratio until the time immediately after time t4 as shown in (C), so that excessive NOx is generated around time t4 as shown in (E). Is discharged downstream of the catalyst.

  On the other hand, according to one aspect of the apparatus of the present invention, as shown in (G), the determination value Vth increases as the “change amount of the intake air amount Ga during a predetermined time” increases after time t1. The judgment value Vth is corrected. Thereby, the difference between the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth is reduced. This modification is referred to as the first modification. When the first correction does not perform the first correction when the output value Voxs changes from a value larger than the determination value Vth to a value smaller than the determination value Vth (time t2 in (G)). (Refer to time 4 in (D)). As a result, according to one aspect of the device of the present invention, the period during which the air-fuel ratio of the engine is set to the lean air-fuel ratio is shortened, so that the amount of NOx emission can be reduced as shown in (H). .

  In the aspect of the apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, the correction for increasing the determination value Vth is performed as the first correction, but the correction for decreasing the output value Voxs is performed as the first correction. May be.

Furthermore, the air-fuel ratio control means in another aspect of the device of the present invention comprises:
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is decreased, the amount of change of the intake air amount per predetermined time is reduced. A second correction that corrects at least one of the output value and the determination value so that the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases as the size increases. By performing the second parameter correction, the time when the output value changes from a value smaller than the determination value to a value larger than the determination value is reached earlier than when the second correction is not performed. Including means.

  As shown from time t3 to time 5 in FIG. 10, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio, and the intake air amount of the engine is reduced. In this case, unless both the output value and the determination value are corrected as shown in (D), the time point when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t5). As a result, since the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a rich air-fuel ratio in the period corresponding to time t2 to time t5, the output value Voxs becomes very large immediately after time t5. For this reason, since the time when the output value Voxs next falls below the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t7), the engine air-fuel ratio is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio for a long period (corresponding to time t5 to time t7). For a large amount of NOx. As a result, as shown in (E), NOx flows out of the catalyst immediately after time t7.

  On the other hand, according to another aspect of the apparatus of the present invention, as shown immediately after time t3 in FIG. When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled and the intake air amount of the engine is decreased, the difference between the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth increases as the amount of change in the intake air amount per predetermined time increases. At least one of the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth is corrected so that becomes smaller (in the example of FIG. 10, the determination value Vth is corrected so as to decrease). This modification is referred to as a second modification.

  According to this, the time when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is earlier (see time t4 in (G) with respect to time t5 in FIG. 10D). As a result, the period during which the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at the rich air-fuel ratio is shortened (see the period corresponding to time t2 to time t4 in FIG. 10F), so that the output value Voxs is immediately after time t4. It will not be excessive. For this reason, the time point at which the output value Voxs falls below the determination value Vth becomes earlier (see time t6 in (G) with respect to time t7 in FIG. 10D), so that the amount of NOx generated does not become excessive. As a result, as shown in (H), NOx does not flow out immediately after time t6.

  In the other aspect of the present invention shown in FIG. 10, the correction that decreases the determination value Vth is performed as the second correction, but the correction that increases the output value Voxs is performed as the second correction. May be.

Furthermore, the air-fuel ratio control means in another aspect of the device of the present invention comprises:
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine increases, the amount of change per predetermined time of the intake air amount The third correction is performed to correct at least one of the output value and the determination value so that the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases as the size increases. Thus, the third parameter correction means for causing the time when the output value changes from a value smaller than the determination value to a value larger than the determination value to arrive earlier than when the third correction is not performed. including.

  As shown before time t3 in FIG. 12, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is increased, If both the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth are not corrected as shown in (D), the time when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t3). As a result, since the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a rich air-fuel ratio in the period up to immediately after time t3, the output value Voxs becomes very large immediately after time t3. For this reason, since the time when the output value Voxs next falls below the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t6), the engine air-fuel ratio is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio for a long period (corresponding to time t3 to time t6). For a large amount of NOx. As a result, as shown in (E), a large amount of NOx flows out of the catalyst immediately after time t6.

  On the other hand, according to another aspect of the device of the present invention, as shown by time t2 in FIG. 12 (G), the engine inflow is set so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio. When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled and the intake air amount of the engine increases, the difference between the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth increases as the amount of change in the intake air amount per predetermined time increases. At least one of the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth is corrected so that becomes smaller (in the example of FIG. 12, the determination value Vth is corrected so as to decrease). This modification is referred to as a third modification.

  According to this, the time point when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is earlier (see the time t2 in (G) with respect to the time t3 in (D) in FIG. 12). As a result, the period during which the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at the rich air-fuel ratio becomes shorter (see immediately after time t2 in FIG. 12F), so that the output value Voxs does not become excessive immediately after time t2. For this reason, the time point when the output value Voxs falls below the determination value Vth is earlier (see time t4 in (G) with respect to time t6 in FIG. 12D), so that the amount of NOx generated does not become excessive. As a result, the amount of NOx flowing out from the catalyst is much smaller than that shown before and after time t6 in (E), as shown immediately after time t4 in (H).

  In the other mode of the present invention shown in FIG. 12, the correction for decreasing the determination value Vth is performed as the third correction, but the correction for increasing the output value Voxs is performed as the third correction. May be.

Thus, the air-fuel ratio control means of the device of the present invention is
When the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas that is the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst becomes the lean air-fuel ratio that is the air-fuel ratio larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. In addition, when the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio that is an air-fuel ratio smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine which is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine; and
As the amount of change in the intake air amount per predetermined time increases, the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases so that the difference between the output value and the determination value becomes smaller. Parameter correcting means for correcting at least one of them so that the time point when the magnitude relationship between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value is reversed is reached earlier than when the correction is not performed; Including.

Further, the parameter correcting means includes
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is reduced, the correction is not performed. It can also be expressed as being.

1 is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine to which an air-fuel ratio control apparatus (first control apparatus) for an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the output voltage of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor shown in FIG. 1 and the air-fuel ratio. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the element portion of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view of the element portion. 6 is a time chart showing how the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor changes when the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas changes from a lean air-fuel ratio to a rich air-fuel ratio. 6 is a time chart showing how the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor changes when the air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas changes from a rich air-fuel ratio to a lean air-fuel ratio. It is a time chart which showed change of various values in order to explain operation of the 1st control device. It is the flowchart which showed the fuel-injection control routine which CPU of a 1st control apparatus performs. It is a map of the target air fuel ratio which CPU of a 1st control apparatus refers. It is the flowchart which showed the catalyst state determination routine which CPU of the 1st control device performs. It is the time chart which showed the change of various values, in order to explain operation of the air fuel ratio control device (second control device) of an internal-combustion engine concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is the flowchart which showed the catalyst state determination routine which CPU of a 2nd control apparatus performs. It is a time chart which showed change of various values in order to explain operation of an air fuel ratio control device (the 3rd control device) of an internal-combustion engine concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is the flowchart which showed the catalyst state determination routine which CPU of a 3rd control apparatus performs.

  Hereinafter, an air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to each embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
(Constitution)
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an internal combustion engine 10 to which an air-fuel ratio control apparatus (hereinafter also referred to as “first control apparatus”) according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. The engine 10 is a four-cycle / spark ignition type / multi-cylinder (four cylinders in this example) / gasoline fuel engine. The engine 10 includes a main body 20, an intake system 30, and an exhaust system 40.

  The main body portion 20 includes a cylinder block portion and a cylinder head portion. The main body portion 20 includes a plurality (four) of combustion chambers (first cylinder # 1 to fourth cylinder # 4) 21 including a piston top surface, a cylinder wall surface, and a lower surface of the cylinder head portion.

  In the cylinder head portion, an intake port 22 for supplying “a mixture of air and fuel” to each combustion chamber (each cylinder) 21, and an exhaust gas (burned gas) from each combustion chamber 21 are discharged. An exhaust port 23 is formed. The intake port 22 is opened and closed by an unillustrated intake valve, and the exhaust port 23 is opened and closed by an unillustrated exhaust valve.

  A plurality (four) of spark plugs 24 are fixed to the cylinder head portion. Each spark plug 24 is disposed such that its spark generating part is exposed at the center of each combustion chamber 21 and in the vicinity of the lower surface of the cylinder head part. Each spark plug 24 generates an ignition spark from the spark generating portion in response to the ignition signal.

  A plurality (four) of fuel injection valves (injectors) 25 are further fixed to the cylinder head portion. One fuel injection valve 25 is provided for each intake port 22 (that is, one for each cylinder). In response to the injection instruction signal, the fuel injection valve 25 injects “the fuel of the indicated injection amount included in the injection instruction signal” into the corresponding intake port 22.

  Further, an intake valve control device 26 is provided in the cylinder head portion. The intake valve control device 26 has a known configuration that adjusts and controls the relative rotation angle (phase angle) between an intake camshaft (not shown) and an intake cam (not shown) by hydraulic pressure. The intake valve control device 26 operates based on an instruction signal (drive signal), and can change the valve opening timing (intake valve opening timing) of the intake valve.

  The intake system 30 includes an intake manifold 31, an intake pipe 32, an air filter 33, a throttle valve 34, and a throttle valve actuator 34a.

  The intake manifold 31 includes a plurality of branch portions connected to each intake port 22 and a surge tank portion in which the branch portions are gathered. The intake pipe 32 is connected to the surge tank portion. The intake manifold 31, the intake pipe 32, and the plurality of intake ports 22 constitute an intake passage. The air filter 33 is provided at the end of the intake pipe 32. The throttle valve 34 is rotatably attached to the intake pipe 32 at a position between the air filter 33 and the intake manifold 31. The throttle valve 34 changes the opening cross-sectional area of the intake passage formed by the intake pipe 32 by rotating. The throttle valve actuator 34a is formed of a DC motor, and rotates the throttle valve 34 in response to an instruction signal (drive signal).

  The exhaust system 40 includes an exhaust manifold 41, an exhaust pipe (exhaust pipe) 42, an upstream catalyst 43, and a downstream catalyst 44.

  The exhaust manifold 41 includes a plurality of branch portions 41a connected to each exhaust port 23, and a collection portion (exhaust collection portion) 41b in which the branch portions 41a are gathered. The exhaust pipe 42 is connected to a collective portion 41 b of the exhaust manifold 41. The exhaust manifold 41, the exhaust pipe 42, and the plurality of exhaust ports 23 constitute a passage through which exhaust gas passes. In the present specification, a passage formed by the collecting portion 41b of the exhaust manifold 41 and the exhaust pipe 42 is referred to as an “exhaust passage” for convenience.

The upstream catalyst 43 supports “a noble metal (one or more kinds of palladium Pd, platinum Pt, rhodium Rd, etc.)” and “ceria (CeO2) as an oxygen storage material” on a support made of ceramic. Thus, it is a three-way catalyst having an oxygen storage / release function (oxygen storage function). The upstream catalyst 43 is disposed (intervened) in the exhaust pipe 42. When the upstream catalyst 43 reaches a predetermined activation temperature, it exhibits a “catalytic function for simultaneously purifying unburned substances (HC, CO, H _2, etc.) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)” and “oxygen storage function”. . The upstream catalyst 43 is also referred to as a start catalytic converter (SC) or a first catalyst.

  The downstream catalyst 44 is a three-way catalyst similar to the upstream catalyst 43. The downstream catalyst 44 is disposed (intervened) in the exhaust pipe 42 downstream of the upstream catalyst 43. Since the downstream side catalyst 44 is disposed below the floor of the vehicle, it is also referred to as an under-floor catalytic converter (UFC) or a second catalyst. In the present specification, when the term “catalyst” is simply used, the “catalyst” means the upstream catalyst 43.

  The present control device includes a hot-wire air flow meter 51, a throttle position sensor 52, an engine speed sensor 53, a water temperature sensor 54, an upstream air-fuel ratio sensor 55, a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56, and an accelerator opening sensor 57.

  The hot-wire air flow meter 51 detects the mass flow rate of the intake air flowing through the intake pipe 32 and outputs a signal representing the mass flow rate (intake air amount per unit time of the engine 10) Ga.

  The throttle position sensor 52 detects the opening degree of the throttle valve 34 and outputs a signal representing the throttle valve opening degree TA.

  The engine rotational speed sensor 53 outputs a signal having a narrow pulse every time the intake camshaft rotates 5 ° and a wide pulse every time the intake camshaft rotates 360 °. A signal output from the engine rotational speed sensor 53 is converted into a signal representing the engine rotational speed NE by an electric control device 60 described later. Further, the electric control device 60 acquires the crank angle (absolute crank angle) of the engine 10 based on signals from the engine rotation speed sensor 53 and a crank angle sensor (not shown).

  The water temperature sensor 54 detects the temperature of the cooling water of the internal combustion engine 10 and outputs a signal representing the cooling water temperature THW.

  The upstream air-fuel ratio sensor 55 is disposed in either the exhaust manifold 41 or the exhaust pipe 42 (that is, the exhaust passage) at a position between the collecting portion 41 b of the exhaust manifold 41 and the upstream catalyst 43. The upstream air-fuel ratio sensor 55 is disclosed in, for example, “limit current type wide area air-fuel ratio including a diffusion resistance layer” disclosed in JP-A-11-72473, JP-A-2000-65782, JP-A-2004-69547, and the like. Sensor ".

  The upstream air-fuel ratio sensor 55 corresponds to the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing through the position where the upstream air-fuel ratio sensor 55 is disposed (the air-fuel ratio of the “catalyst inflow gas” that is the gas flowing into the catalyst 43, the upstream air-fuel ratio abyfs). Output the output value Vabyfs. The output value Vabyfs increases as the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas increases (that is, as the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes leaner).

  The electric control device 60 stores an air-fuel ratio conversion table (map) Mapabyfs that defines the relationship between the output value Vabyfs and the upstream air-fuel ratio abyfs. The electric control device 60 detects the actual upstream air-fuel ratio abyfs (obtains the detected upstream air-fuel ratio abyfs) by applying the output value Vabyfs to the air-fuel ratio conversion table Mapabyfs.

  Referring again to FIG. 1, the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is disposed in the exhaust pipe 42 (that is, the exhaust passage) at a position between the upstream catalyst 43 and the downstream catalyst 44. The downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is a well-known concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor (O2 sensor). The downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 outputs the output value Voxs shown in FIG.

  The downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 includes a test tubular element portion shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3B, the element portion includes a solid electrolyte layer 56a, an exhaust gas side electrode layer 56b formed outside the solid electrolyte layer 56a, and an air chamber AR (inside the solid electrolyte layer 56a). An atmosphere-side electrode layer (inner electrode) 56c formed inside the solid electrolyte layer 56a so as to face the exhaust gas-side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b across the solid electrolyte layer 56a, and an exhaust gas-side electrode layer The coating layer 56d covering 56b, the catalyst layer 56e covering the coating layer 56d, and the exhaust gas Ex covering the catalyst layer 56e and contacting with the exhaust gas Ex (exhaust gas Ex flowing into the protective cover through a through hole of a protective cover not shown) A protective layer (trap layer) 56f (disposed to be exposed therein).

  The solid electrolyte layer 56a and the like may be plate-shaped. Gas flowing out from the catalyst 43 (hereinafter also referred to as “catalyst outflow gas”) passes through the through hole of the protective cover and flows into the protective cover, and then the protective layer 56f, the catalyst layer 56e, and the coating layer It passes through 56d and reaches the exhaust gas side electrode layer 56b.

  The output value Voxs of the downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is determined in accordance with “the difference between the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b and the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere side electrode layer (inner electrode) 56c”. It is an electromotive force that causes the migration of oxygen ions in the solid electrolyte layer 56a.

  More specifically, the output value Voxs is excessive when the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst outflow gas is smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (when the air-fuel ratio is richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio). When oxygen is not included, the maximum value Vmax or a value near the maximum value Vmax (for example, about 0.9 to 1.0 V) is obtained. In this case, it can be determined that the state of the catalyst 43 is generally an oxygen-deficient state (almost no oxygen is stored in the catalyst).

  On the other hand, when the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst outflow gas is larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (when the air-fuel ratio is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio), that is, the catalyst outflow gas contains excessive oxygen. If it is, the minimum value Vmin or a value near the minimum value Vmin (for example, about 0 to 0.1 V) is obtained. In this case, it can be determined that the state of the catalyst 43 is generally an oxygen-excess state (the amount of oxygen stored in the catalyst is close to the maximum oxygen storage amount Cmax).

  Further, the output value Voxs rapidly decreases from the maximum value Vmax to the minimum value Vmin when the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst outflow gas changes from the rich air-fuel ratio to the lean air-fuel ratio with respect to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. . Conversely, the output value Voxs rapidly increases from the minimum value Vmin to the maximum value Vmax when the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst outflow gas changes from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio with respect to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. . The average value of the minimum value Vmin and the maximum value Vmax is referred to as a median value Vmid (= (Vmax + Vmin) / 2) or a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio equivalent voltage Vst.

  By the way, when the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst outflow gas changes from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio, the reducing components (unburned substances) contained in the rich air-fuel ratio exhaust gas are oxidized in the catalyst layer 56 e of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56. Causes a reaction. As a result, oxygen is deprived from the coating layer 56d of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56, so that the oxygen partial pressure of the exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b covered with the coating layer 56d decreases and the output value Voxs increases. To do.

Here, the rate v of the oxidation reaction in the catalyst layer 56e is such that if the reducing component contained in the exhaust gas is CO, k is a constant, [CO] is the concentration of CO, and [O ₂ ] is the concentration of O ₂ . and when,
v = k · [CO] · [O ₂ ]
It is.

  When this oxidation reaction occurs, the concentration of the reducing component (here, CO) decreases. At this time, the larger the intake air amount Ga that represents the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the more reducing components reach (be supplied) to the catalyst layer 56e, so the concentration of the reducing components is maintained at a high value. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is As it gets bigger, it rises faster.

In contrast, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes from the rich air-fuel ratio to the lean air-fuel ratio, O ₂ is directly taken into the coating layer 56d, and “the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust gas side electrode layer (outer electrode) 56b The difference between the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere side electrode layer (inner electrode) 56c ”becomes smaller, and as a result, the output value Voxs decreases. That is, the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) of the coating layer 56d when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes to the lean air-fuel ratio strongly depends on the oxygen concentration (oxygen partial pressure) of the exhaust gas, but the flow rate of the exhaust gas Little dependence. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes from the rich air-fuel ratio to the lean air-fuel ratio, the change rate of the output value Voxs of the oxygen concentration sensor does not substantially depend on the intake air amount Ga. .

  Thus, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes to the rich air-fuel ratio, the coating layer 56d changes to the reduced state in a shorter time as the flow rate of the exhaust gas (intake air amount Ga) increases, so the output value Voxs Increases more quickly. In contrast, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas changes to the lean air-fuel ratio, the time until the coating layer 56d changes to the oxidized state does not depend on the exhaust gas flow rate (intake air amount Ga). As a result, the lean sensitivity of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (responsiveness when the output value Voxs changes to a value corresponding to the lean air-fuel ratio) decreases.

  Referring to FIG. 1 again, the accelerator opening sensor 57 detects the operation amount of the accelerator pedal AP operated by the driver, and outputs a signal representing the operation amount Accp of the accelerator pedal AP.

  The electric control device 60 is an electronic circuit including a “well-known microcomputer” including “an interface including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a backup RAM, and an AD converter”.

  The backup RAM included in the electric control device 60 is a battery mounted on the vehicle regardless of the position of an ignition key switch (not shown) of the vehicle on which the engine 10 is mounted (any one of an off position, a start position, an on position, etc.). It is supposed to receive power supply from. When receiving power from the battery, the backup RAM stores data according to an instruction from the CPU (data is written) and holds (stores) the data so that the data can be read. The backup RAM cannot retain data when the power supply from the battery is interrupted, for example, when the battery is removed from the vehicle. In other words, the data held so far is lost (destroyed).

  The interface of the electric control device 60 is connected to the sensors 51 to 57 so as to supply signals from the sensors 51 to 57 to the CPU. Further, the interface sends an instruction signal (drive signal) or the like to the ignition plug 24 of each cylinder, the fuel injection valve 25 of each cylinder, the intake valve control device 26, the throttle valve actuator 34a, etc. in accordance with an instruction from the CPU. It is like that. The electric control device 60 sends an instruction signal to the throttle valve actuator 34a so that the throttle valve opening TA increases as the acquired accelerator pedal operation amount Accp increases.

(Outline of air-fuel ratio feedback control by the first controller)
The first controller determines the state of the catalyst 43 (oxygen storage state, catalyst state) as described below, and the exhaust gas (catalyst inflow gas) flowing into the catalyst 43 based on the determined state of the catalyst 43. The air-fuel ratio (and hence the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine 10) is feedback controlled. The catalyst 43 is in a state where the catalyst 43 stores oxygen to a value close to its maximum oxygen storage amount (that is, an oxygen excess state, a lean state), and a state where the catalyst 43 hardly stores oxygen (ie, It is determined that the state is any one of an oxygen deficient state, a reduced state, and a rich state.

1. Conventional Device In order to describe air-fuel ratio feedback control by the first control device, first, air-fuel ratio feedback control by a conventional device to which the present invention is not applied will be described. The “target air-fuel ratio abyfr, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56, and the amount of exhausted NOx” in the conventional apparatus are shown in FIGS. 6C, 6D, and 6E, respectively. Yes.

  The conventional device determines that the state of the catalyst 43 is in an oxygen-deficient state (rich state) when the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is equal to or greater than “the determination value Vth always set to the median value Vmid”. Then, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is set to a predetermined lean air-fuel ratio afLean (refer to the period substantially corresponding to time before time t4 in FIG. 6 and the period substantially corresponding to time after time t5).

  When the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is less than the “determination value Vth always set to the median value Vmid”, the conventional device determines that the state of the catalyst 43 is an oxygen excess state (lean state). Then, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is set to a predetermined rich air-fuel ratio afRich (refer to a period substantially corresponding to time t4 to time t5 in FIG. 6).

  By the way, in the example shown in FIG. 6, as understood from the change in the vehicle speed in (A), the acceleration operation is started at time t1, and as shown in (B), the intake air amount Ga is the time. It increases from t1 to time t3 and decreases after time t3. Further, at the acceleration start time (time t1), as shown in (D), the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is larger than the determination value Vth. The target air-fuel ratio abyfr substantially equal to the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas and the engine air-fuel ratio is set to the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean (an air-fuel ratio larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio). Yes.

  As described above, the lean sensitivity of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 decreases as the intake air amount Ga increases. For this reason, the output value Voxs maintains a value larger than the determination value Vth, although the intake air amount Ga increases from time t1 to time t3. Thereafter, as shown in (D), the output value Voxs changes from a value larger than the determination value Vth to a smaller value at time t4 (below the determination value Vth).

  Therefore, the conventional device determines that the state of the catalyst 43 is in the lean state (oxygen excess state) at time t4, and immediately after time t4, sets the target air-fuel ratio abyfr to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich (smaller than the theoretical air-fuel ratio). Set to air / fuel ratio. However, during the period up to time t4 (particularly, the period from time t1 to time t4 when the intake air amount Ga is large), “a large amount and excessive NOx for the catalyst 43” is discharged into the exhaust passage (E ), NOx is discharged from the catalyst 43 before and after time t4.

2. First Control Device Next, air-fuel ratio feedback control by the first control device will be described. The “target air-fuel ratio abyfr, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56, and the amount of NOx discharged” in the first control device are shown in (F), (G), and (H) of FIG. Has been.

  When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is set to the lean air-fuel ratio (when the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean is set as the target air-fuel ratio abyfr, that is, the output value Voxs is larger than the determination value Vth. In the case where the intake air amount Ga is increasing, “change amount ΔGa per unit time (predetermined time) of the intake air amount Ga (hereinafter also referred to as“ intake air change amount ΔGa ”)” The difference from the conventional apparatus is only in that the determination value Vth is corrected so that the determination value Vth becomes larger as the size of. This correction of the determination value Vth is also referred to as a first correction for convenience.

  More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 6B and 6G, when the intake air amount Ga increases after time t1, the first control device sets the target air-fuel ratio abyfr to the target lean at time t1. Since the air-fuel ratio is set to afLean, the determination value Vth is increased as the intake air change amount ΔGa increases (the determination value Vth so that the difference between the determination value Vth and the median value Vmid decreases). Increase.) As a result, a decrease in lean sensitivity of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is compensated.

  The time at which the output value Voxs changes from a value larger than the determination value Vth to a value smaller than the determination value Vth (time t2 in (G)) by this correction (first correction) is the first correction. Compared to the case where the operation is not performed (see time 4 in (D)), it arrives earlier. Accordingly, the first control device switches the target air-fuel ratio abyfr to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich at a time earlier than that of the conventional device (see immediately after time t2 in (F)). As a result, as shown in (H), the amount of NOx emission can be reduced.

(Operation)
Next, the actual operation of the first control device will be described.

<Fuel injection control>
The CPU of the first control device repeatedly executes the fuel injection control routine shown in FIG. 7 for each cylinder every time the crank angle of an arbitrary cylinder reaches a predetermined crank angle before the intake top dead center. It has become. The predetermined crank angle is, for example, BTDC 90 ° CA (90 ° crank angle before intake top dead center). A cylinder whose crank angle coincides with the predetermined crank angle is also referred to as a “fuel injection cylinder”. The CPU calculates the commanded fuel injection amount (final fuel injection amount) Fi and instructs fuel injection by this fuel injection control routine.

  When the crank angle of an arbitrary cylinder matches the predetermined crank angle before the intake top dead center, the CPU starts the process from step 700, and in step 705, determines whether or not the value of the fuel cut flag XFC is “0”. judge. The value of the fuel cut flag XFC is set to “1” when the fuel cut start condition is satisfied, and is “0” when the fuel cut end condition is satisfied when the value of the fuel cut flag XFC is “1”. Set to The value of the fuel cut flag XFC is further set to “0” in the initial routine. The initial routine is a routine executed by the CPU when the ignition key switch of the vehicle on which the engine 10 is mounted is changed from OFF to ON.

  The fuel cut start condition is satisfied when the throttle valve opening degree TA is “0” and the engine rotational speed NE is equal to or higher than the fuel cut rotational threshold speed NEFC. The fuel cut end condition is satisfied when the throttle valve opening degree TA is not “0” or when the engine speed NE is equal to or lower than the fuel cut end rotation threshold speed NERT. The fuel cut end rotation threshold speed NERT is smaller than the fuel cut rotation threshold speed NEFC.

  Assume that the value of the fuel cut flag XFC is “0”. In this case, the CPU makes a “Yes” determination at step 705 to proceed to step 710, where “the engine speed acquired based on the intake air amount Ga measured by the air flow meter 51 and the signal of the engine rotational speed sensor 53 is obtained. Based on the speed NE and the look-up table MapMc (Ga, NE), “the amount of air taken into the fuel injection cylinder (ie, the in-cylinder intake air amount) Mc)” is acquired. The in-cylinder intake air amount Mc may be calculated by a well-known air model (a model constructed according to a physical law simulating the behavior of air in the intake passage).

Next, the CPU proceeds to step 715 to determine whether or not the value of the feedback control flag XFB is “1”. The value of the feedback control flag XFB is set to “1” when the feedback control condition is satisfied, and is set to “0” when the feedback control condition is not satisfied. The feedback control condition is satisfied when, for example, all the following conditions are satisfied.
(A1) The upstream air-fuel ratio sensor 55 is activated.
(A2) The downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is activated.
(A3) The engine load KL is less than or equal to the threshold KLth.
(A4) The value of the fuel cut flag XFC is “0”.

  At this time, if the value of the feedback control flag XFB is not “1”, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 715 to proceed to step 720 to set the target air-fuel ratio abyfr to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio stoich (for example, 14.6). ).

  Next, the CPU sequentially performs the processing from step 725 to step 740 described below, proceeds to step 795, and once ends this routine.

  Step 725: The CPU calculates the basic fuel injection amount Fbase by dividing the in-cylinder intake air amount Mc by the target air-fuel ratio abyfr. The basic fuel injection amount Fbase is a feed-forward amount of the fuel injection amount necessary for making the air-fuel ratio of the engine coincide with the target air-fuel ratio abyfr.

  Step 730: The CPU reads a main feedback amount KFmain separately calculated by a routine not shown. The main feedback amount KFmain is calculated based on known PID control so that the detected upstream air-fuel ratio abyfs matches the target air-fuel ratio abyfr. The main feedback amount KFmain is set to “1” when the value of the feedback control flag XFB is “0”. Further, the main feedback amount KFmain may always be set to “1”. That is, feedback control using the main feedback amount KFmain is not essential in this embodiment.

  Step 735: The CPU calculates the indicated fuel injection amount Fi by correcting the basic fuel injection amount Fbase with the main feedback amount KFmain. More specifically, the CPU calculates the command fuel injection amount Fi by multiplying the basic fuel injection amount Fbase by the main feedback amount KFmain.

  Step 740: The CPU sends an injection instruction signal for injecting “the fuel of the indicated fuel injection amount Fi” from the “fuel injection valve 25 provided corresponding to the fuel injection cylinder” to the fuel injection valve 25. To do.

  As a result, an amount of fuel required to make the air-fuel ratio of the engine coincide with the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is injected from the fuel injection valve 25 of the fuel injection cylinder. That is, Steps 725 to 740 constitute command fuel injection amount control means for “controlling the command fuel injection amount Fi so that the air-fuel ratio of the engine matches the target air-fuel ratio abyfr”.

  On the other hand, when the value of the feedback control flag XFB is “1” at the time when the CPU performs the process of step 715, the CPU determines “Yes” in step 715 and proceeds to step 745 to display the catalyst rich state display. It is determined whether or not the value of the flag XCCRORich is “1”. The value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is set by a routine described later.

  If the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “1”, the CPU makes a “Yes” determination at step 745 to proceed to step 750 to set the target air-fuel ratio abyfr to “predetermined target lean air-fuel ratio afLean”. To do.

  More specifically, the CPU displays a table fL (Ga) that defines the relationship between the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean, which is one of the target air-fuel ratios abyfr, and the intake air amount Ga shown in FIG. The target lean air-fuel ratio afLean is determined by applying the actual intake air amount Ga. According to this table fL (Ga), the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean is an air-fuel ratio in a range larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and the air that approaches (or decreases) the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio as the intake air amount Ga increases. It is determined so as to be the fuel ratio. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 725 and subsequent steps. Accordingly, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is made to coincide with the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean.

  On the other hand, if the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “0” at the time when the CPU executes the process of step 745, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 745 to proceed to step 755, The target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set to “predetermined target rich air-fuel ratio afRich”.

  More specifically, the CPU sets the “table fR (Ga) that defines the relationship between the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich, which is one of the target air-fuel ratios abyfr, and the intake air amount Ga” shown in FIG. The target rich air-fuel ratio afRich is determined by applying the actual intake air amount Ga. According to this table fR (Ga), the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich is an air-fuel ratio in a range smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and the air that approaches (or increases) the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio as the intake air amount Ga increases. It is determined so as to be the fuel ratio. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 725 and subsequent steps. Accordingly, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is made to coincide with the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich.

  On the other hand, if the value of the fuel cut flag XFC is “1” at the time when the CPU executes the process of step 705, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 705 to directly proceed to step 795, and this routine Is temporarily terminated. In this case, since fuel injection by the process of step 740 is not executed, fuel cut control (fuel supply stop control) is executed. That is, the operating state of the engine 10 is a fuel cut operating state.

<Catalyst State (Oxygen Storage State of Catalyst 43) Determination>
The CPU repeatedly executes the “catalyst state determination routine” shown in the flowchart of FIG. 9 every elapse of a predetermined time ts. Therefore, when the predetermined timing is reached, the CPU starts the process from step 900 and proceeds to step 910, and subtracts the “previous intake air amount Gaold” from the “current intake air amount Ga”, thereby determining the predetermined time ts (units). A change amount ΔGa (intake air change amount ΔGa) of the intake air amount Ga per time) is calculated. The previous intake air amount Gaold is a value that is updated in the next step 920, and the intake air amount Ga at a time point a predetermined time ts before the present time (intake air amount Ga when this routine was executed last time). It is. Next, the CPU proceeds to step 920 to store the current intake air amount Ga as “previous intake air amount Gaold”.

  Next, the CPU proceeds to step 930 to determine whether or not the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “1”. The catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is set to “0” in the above-described initial routine. Further, the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is, as will be described later, when the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is greater than or equal to the determination value Vth (that is, the state of the catalyst 43 is an oxygen deficient state (rich state)). When the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is smaller than the determination value Vth (that is, the state of the catalyst 43 is in an oxygen excess state (lean state)). Is set to “0”).

  Assume that the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “1”. In this case, the CPU makes a “Yes” determination at step 930 to proceed to step 940 where the table fleanvth (ΔGa) defining “the relationship between the intake air change amount ΔGa and the provisional determination value Vthnew” is step 910. The provisional determination value Vthnew is determined by applying the actual intake air change amount ΔGa calculated in (1).

  According to this table fleanvth (ΔGa), when the intake air change amount ΔGa is negative (that is, when the intake air amount Ga is decreasing), the provisional determination value Vthnew is set to the median value Vmid. Further, according to this table fleanvth (ΔGa), when the intake air change amount ΔGa is positive (that is, when the intake air amount Ga is increasing), the provisional determination value Vthnew is the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa. As the value increases, the value gradually increases so as to be farther from the median value Vmid.

Next, the CPU proceeds to step 950 to determine a final determination value Vth (comparison value Vth, feedback target value Vth) according to the following equation (1). In equation (1), Vth (n) is the final determination value Vth, Vth (n−1) is the determination value Vth before the predetermined time ts, α is 0 or more, and a constant smaller than 1 (for example, , 1/2).
Α may be “0”. That is, step 950 may be omitted and the provisional determination value Vthnew may be set as the final determination value Vth.

Vth (n) = α · Vth (n−1) + (1−α) · Vthnew (1)

  Next, the CPU proceeds to step 960 to determine whether or not the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is smaller than “the determination value Vth determined in step 950”. At this time, if the output value Voxs is equal to or greater than the determination value Vth, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 960 to proceed to step 970 to set the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich to “1”. That is, in this case, the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is maintained at “1”. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 995 to end the present routine tentatively.

  As a result, the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is maintained and set to the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean (see step 745 and step 750 in FIG. 7). Accordingly, excess oxygen flows into the catalyst 43, and oxygen flows out from the catalyst 43 after a predetermined time has elapsed. As a result, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 is less than the determination value Vth. In this case, when the CPU proceeds to step 960, it determines “Yes” at step 960, proceeds to step 980, and sets the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich to “0”. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 995 to end the present routine tentatively.

  As a result, when the CPU proceeds to step 745 in FIG. 7, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 745 to proceed to step 755. Accordingly, since the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich, excess unburned material flows into the catalyst 43. Furthermore, since the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is set to “0” when the CPU proceeds to step 930 in FIG. 9, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 930 and proceeds to step 990. The median value Vmid is set as the provisional determination value Vthnew. In other words, when the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “0” (when the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich), the provisional determination value Vthnew does not depend on the intake air change amount ΔGa. It becomes. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 950 and subsequent steps.

  Immediately after the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is changed to “0”, unburned matter does not flow out of the catalyst 43. Accordingly, since the output value Voxs is less than the determination value Vth, the CPU proceeds to step 960 and step 980. As a result, the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is maintained at “0”.

  Thereafter, when a predetermined time elapses, unburned matter flows out from the catalyst 43. As a result, the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor becomes equal to or higher than the determination value Vth. Accordingly, when the CPU proceeds to step 960 in FIG. 9, the CPU makes a “No” determination at step 960 to proceed to step 970 to set the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich to “1”. As a result, the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set again to the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean.

As described above, the first control device
When the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 which is a concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor is larger than the determination value Vth, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio, and the output value Voxs is An air-fuel ratio control means for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine (the air-fuel ratio of the engine) so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio when it is smaller than the determination value Vth ( (See steps 960 through 980 in FIG. 9, steps 745 through 755 in FIG. 7, and so on).

Further, the air-fuel ratio control means is
The air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio (determination of “Yes” in step 930 in FIG. 9, see step 745 and step 750 in FIG. 7), and When the intake air amount Ga increases, the larger the amount of change (intake air change amount ΔGa) per predetermined time of the intake air amount Ga, the greater the “output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 and the determination value. First parameter correction means for performing a first correction for correcting at least one of the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth (in this example, the determination value Vth) so that the “difference from Vth” is small. (See the table in step 940 and step 950 in FIG. 9).

  Thereby, when the output value Voxs changes from a value larger than the determination value Vth to a value smaller than the determination value Vth (time t2 in FIG. 6G), the first correction is not performed ( It arrives earlier compared to time t4) in FIG. That is, a decrease in the lean sensitivity of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 when the intake air amount Ga increases is compensated. As a result, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is not maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio more than necessary, so that the amount of NOx emission can be reduced (see (H) with respect to (E) in FIG. 6).

  In the first control device, the first correction is to increase the determination value Vth, but the first correction may be to correct the output value Voxs. That is, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio, and the intake air amount Ga is increased, the change amount of the intake air amount Ga per predetermined time (intake) A value obtained by subtracting a value that increases as the air change amount ΔGa) from the output value Voxs (a value obtained by correcting the output value Voxs so that the output value Voxs decreases as the intake air change amount ΔGa increases). ) May be employed as an output value for determining the catalyst state (an output value to be compared with the determination value Vth).

Second Embodiment
Next, an air-fuel ratio control apparatus (hereinafter also referred to as “second control apparatus”) according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  In the second control device, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio (the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich), and the intake When the air amount Ga is decreasing (the intake air change amount ΔGa is negative), the determination value Vth is decreased (the median value Vmid is determined) as the intake air change amount ΔGa increases (| ΔGa |). This is different from the first control device only in that the determination value Vth is decreased so that the difference from the value Vth increases. Hereinafter, this difference will be mainly described.

(Outline of air-fuel ratio feedback control by the second controller)
As shown at time t3 to time 5 in FIG. 10, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount Ga is decreased, the first control is performed. According to the apparatus, neither the output value Voxs nor the determination value Vth is corrected (see time t3 to time t5 in FIG. 10D). Therefore, in the first control device, the time when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t5 in (D)). As a result, since the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a rich air-fuel ratio in the period corresponding to time t2 to time t5, the output value Voxs becomes very large immediately after time t5. For this reason, since the time when the output value Voxs next falls below the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t7 in (D)), the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio for a long period ((C) In the period corresponding to the time t5 to the time t7 in FIG.), Thereby generating a large amount of NOx. As a result, as shown in (E), NOx flows out from the catalyst 43 immediately after time t7.

  On the other hand, according to the second control device, as shown immediately after time t3 in FIG. 10G, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio, and When the intake air amount Ga is decreasing, the determination value Vth is corrected so that the difference between the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth is small (in the example of FIG. 10, the intake air change amount ΔGa The determination value Vth is decreased so that the difference between the determination value Vth and the median value Vmid increases as the size increases.) This modification is referred to as a second modification.

  According to this, the time when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is earlier (see time t4 in (G) with respect to time t5 in FIG. 10D). As a result, the period during which the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at the rich air-fuel ratio is shortened (see the period corresponding to time t2 to time t4 in FIG. 10F), so that the output value Voxs is immediately after time t4. It does not become excessive (see FIG. 10G). For this reason, the time point at which the output value Voxs falls below the determination value Vth becomes earlier (see time t6 in (G) with respect to time t7 in FIG. 10D), so that the amount of NOx generated does not become excessive. As a result, as shown in (H), NOx does not flow out immediately after time t6.

(Operation)
Next, the actual operation of the second control device will be described. The CPU of the second control device executes the fuel injection control routine of FIG. 7 in the same manner as the CPU of the first control device. Further, the CPU of the second control device repeatedly executes the “catalyst state determination routine” shown in FIG. 11 instead of FIG. 9 every elapse of a predetermined time ts. The routine shown in FIG. 7 has already been described. Therefore, the routine shown in FIG. 11 will be described below. Note that the steps shown in FIG. 11 and also shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals as the steps shown in FIG.

  The routine of FIG. 11 is a routine in which step 990 of the routine of FIG. More specifically, when the CPU determines that the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “0” in step 930 of FIG. 11 (that is, the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich). If it is determined that the intake air change amount ΔGa and the provisional determination value Vthnew are related, a table frichvth (ΔGa) that defines “the relationship between the intake air change amount ΔGa and the provisional determination value Vthnew” is used. The provisional determination value Vthnew is determined by applying the amount ΔGa.

  According to this table frichvth (ΔGa), when the intake air change amount ΔGa is positive (that is, when the intake air amount Ga is increasing), the provisional determination value Vthnew is set to the median value Vmid. Further, according to this table frichvth (ΔGa), when the intake air change amount ΔGa is negative (that is, when the intake air amount Ga is decreasing), the provisional determination value Vthnew is the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa. As (| ΔGa |) increases, it is set to a value that gradually decreases so as to move away from the median value Vmid. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 950 and subsequent steps. As a result, when the intake air change amount ΔGa is negative, the determination value Vth gradually decreases.

  As described above, the second control device includes the same air-fuel ratio control means as the first control device. Further, the air-fuel ratio control means of the second control device controls the air-fuel ratio of the engine so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio (determination of “No” in step 930 in FIG. 11, FIG. 7 and step 755.) and the intake air amount Ga decreases, the larger the intake air change amount ΔGa, the greater the “output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 and the determination value. Second parameter correction means for performing a second correction for correcting at least one of the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth (in this example, the determination value Vth) so that the “difference from Vth” is small. (See Step 1110 and Step 950 in FIG. 11).

  Thereby, when the output value Voxs changes from a value smaller than the determination value Vth to a value larger than the determination value Vth (time t4 in FIG. 10G), the second correction is not performed ( Compared to time t5) in FIG.

  As a result, the period during which the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at the rich air-fuel ratio is shortened (see the period corresponding to time t2 to time t4 in FIG. 10F), so that the output value Voxs is immediately after time t4. It will not be excessive. For this reason, since the time point at which the output value Voxs falls below the determination value Vth is earlier (see time t6 in (G) with respect to time t7 in FIG. 10D), the air-fuel ratio of the engine is extended over a long period. The lean air-fuel ratio is not maintained, and therefore NOx does not flow immediately after time t6 as shown in (H).

  In the second control device, the second correction is to reduce the determination value Vth. However, the second correction may be to correct the output value Voxs. That is, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount Ga is decreased, the intake air change amount ΔGa increases as the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa increases. A value obtained by adding the value to the output value Voxs (a value obtained by correcting the output value Voxs so that the larger the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa is, the larger the output value Voxs is), and an output value for determining the catalyst state ( It may be adopted as an output value to be compared with the determination value Vth).

<Third Embodiment>
Next, an air-fuel ratio control apparatus (hereinafter also referred to as “third control apparatus”) according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  In the third control device, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio (the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich), and the intake When the air amount Ga is increasing (the intake air change amount ΔGa is positive), the determination value Vth is decreased as the intake air change amount ΔGa (| ΔGa |) increases (determined to be the median value Vmid). This is different from the second control device only in that the determination value Vth is decreased so that the difference from the value Vth increases. Hereinafter, this difference will be mainly described.

(Outline of air-fuel ratio feedback control by the third controller)
As shown before time t3 in FIG. 12, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount Ga increases (D in FIG. If both the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth are not corrected as shown in (), the time when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t3 in (D)). As a result, since the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a rich air-fuel ratio in the period up to immediately after time t3, the output value Voxs becomes very large immediately after time t3. For this reason, since the time when the output value Voxs next falls below the determination value Vth is delayed (see time t6), the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio for a long period of time (time t3 to (C)). (See the period corresponding to time t6.), Which generates a large amount of NOx. As a result, as shown in (E), a large amount of NOx flows out of the catalyst immediately after time t6.

  On the other hand, according to the third control device, as shown by time t2 in FIG. 12G, the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio, and When the intake air amount Ga is increased, the determination value Vth is corrected so that the difference between the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth is reduced (in the example of FIG. 12, the determination value Vth and the median value). The judgment value Vth is reduced so that the difference from Vmid becomes large.) This modification is referred to as a third modification.

  According to this, the time point when the output value Voxs exceeds the determination value Vth is earlier (see the time t2 in (G) with respect to the time t3 in (D) in FIG. 12). As a result, the period during which the air-fuel ratio of the engine is maintained at the rich air-fuel ratio becomes shorter (see immediately after time t2 in FIG. 12F), so that the output value Voxs does not become excessive immediately after time t2. For this reason, the time point when the output value Voxs falls below the determination value Vth is earlier (see time t4 in (G) with respect to time t6 in FIG. 12D), so that the amount of NOx generated does not become excessive. As a result, the amount of NOx flowing out from the catalyst is much smaller than that shown before and after time t6 in (E), as shown immediately after time t4 in (H).

(Operation)
Next, the actual operation of the third control device will be described. The CPU of the third control device executes the fuel injection control routine of FIG. 7 in the same manner as the CPU of the first control device. Further, the CPU of the third control device repeatedly executes the “catalyst state determination routine” shown in FIG. 13 instead of FIG. 9 every elapse of a predetermined time ts. The routine shown in FIG. 7 has already been described. Therefore, the routine shown in FIG. 13 will be described below. Note that the steps shown in FIG. 13 and also shown in FIG. 9 are assigned the same reference numerals as the steps shown in FIG.

  The routine of FIG. 13 is a routine in which step 990 of the routine of FIG. More specifically, when the CPU determines that the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “0” in step 930 of FIG. 13 (that is, the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is set to the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich). If it is determined that the intake air change amount ΔGa and the provisional determination value Vthnew are related, a table frichvth (ΔGa) that defines “the relationship between the intake air change amount ΔGa and the provisional determination value Vthnew” is used. The provisional determination value Vthnew is determined by applying the amount ΔGa.

  According to this table frichvth (ΔGa), when the intake air change amount ΔGa is positive (that is, when the intake air amount Ga is increasing), the provisional determination value Vthnew is the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa (| As ΔGa |) becomes larger, it is set to a value that becomes gradually smaller away from the median value Vmid. Similarly, according to the table frichvth (ΔGa), when the intake air change amount ΔGa is negative (that is, when the intake air amount Ga is decreasing), the provisional determination value Vthnew is the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa. As (| ΔGa |) increases, it is set to a value that gradually decreases so as to move away from the median value Vmid. That is, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is set to a rich air-fuel ratio, the magnitude (| ΔGa |) of the intake air change amount ΔGa is large regardless of whether or not the intake air amount Ga is increased. The determination value Vth is determined so as to be smaller. Thereafter, the CPU proceeds to step 950 and subsequent steps.

  As described above, the third control device includes the same air-fuel ratio control means as the first control device. Further, the air-fuel ratio control means of the third control device controls the air-fuel ratio of the engine so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio (determination of “No” in step 930 in FIG. 13, FIG. 7 and step 755.) and the intake air amount Ga is increased, the larger the intake air change amount ΔGa, the greater the “output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 and the determination value. Third parameter correction means for performing a third correction for correcting at least one of the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth (in this example, the determination value Vth) so that the “difference from Vth” is reduced. (See Step 1310 and Step 950 in FIG. 13).

  Thereby, when the output value Voxs changes from a value smaller than the determination value Vth to a value larger than the determination value Vth (time t2 in FIG. 12G), the third correction is not performed ( Compared to time t3) in FIG.

  Therefore, since the output value Voxs does not become excessive immediately after time t2, the time when the output value Voxs falls below the determination value Vth is earlier (see time t4 in FIG. 12G). As a result, the amount of NOx flowing out from the catalyst is much smaller than that shown before and after time t6 in (E), as shown immediately after time t4 in (H).

  In the third control device, the third correction is to decrease the determination value Vth, but the third correction may be to correct the output value Voxs. That is, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount Ga increases, the intake air change amount ΔGa increases as the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa increases. A value obtained by adding the value to the output value Voxs (a value obtained by correcting the output value Voxs so that the larger the magnitude of the intake air change amount ΔGa is, the larger the output value Voxs is), and an output value for determining the catalyst state ( It may be adopted as an output value to be compared with the determination value Vth).

  In the foregoing, various embodiments of the air-fuel ratio control apparatus according to the present invention have been described. The air-fuel ratio control means of these embodiments outputs so that the magnitude of the difference between the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 and the determination value Vth decreases as the intake air change amount ΔGa increases. A parameter that allows at least one of the value Voxs and the determination value Vth to arrive earlier than the time when the correction is not performed when “the time when the magnitude relationship between the output value Voxs and the determination value Vth is reversed”. It can also be expressed as including correction means (that is, means combining the first to third parameter correction means).

  However, as understood from the table shown in “Step 940 and Step 1310” in FIG. 13, when the value of the catalyst rich state display flag XCCRORich is “1” (the air-fuel ratio of the engine is set to the lean air-fuel ratio). If the intake air change amount ΔGa is negative (the intake air amount Ga is decreasing), neither the output value Voxs nor the determination value Vth is corrected.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be employed within the scope of the present invention. For example, the target rich air-fuel ratio afRich may be a constant value. Further, the target lean air-fuel ratio afLean may be a constant value. The air-fuel ratio control means of the above embodiment may perform air-fuel ratio control in which the target air-fuel ratio abyfr is changed by well-known sub feedback control. That is, the air-fuel ratio control means may obtain a sub-feedback amount that causes the output value Voxs of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor 56 to approach the determination value Vth, and correct the target air-fuel ratio abyfr based on the sub-feedback amount (for example, a special feature). (See Kaih 2005-171982).

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Internal combustion engine, 21 ... Combustion chamber, 22 ... Intake port, 23 ... Exhaust port, 25 ... Fuel injection valve, 41 ... Exhaust manifold, 41a ... Branch part, 41b ... Collecting part, 42 ... Exhaust pipe, 43 ... Upstream side Catalyst (catalyst), 44 ... downstream catalyst, 55 ... upstream air-fuel ratio sensor, 56 ... downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, 60 ... electric control device.

Claims (5)

A three-way catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine;
A downstream air-fuel ratio sensor that is a concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor disposed downstream of the catalyst in the exhaust passage;
When the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas that is the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst becomes the lean air-fuel ratio that is the air-fuel ratio larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. In addition, when the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio that is an air-fuel ratio smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Air-fuel ratio control means for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine which is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine;
In an air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising:
The air-fuel ratio control means includes
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is increasing, the amount of change per predetermined time of the intake air amount The first correction is performed to correct at least one of the output value and the determination value so that the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases as the size increases. Thus, the first parameter correction means for causing the time when the output value changes from a value larger than the determination value to a value smaller than the determination value to be reached earlier than when the first correction is not performed. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus. The air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
The air-fuel ratio control means includes
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is decreased, the amount of change of the intake air amount per predetermined time is reduced. A second correction is performed to correct at least one of the output value and the determination value so that the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases as the size increases. Thus, the second parameter correction means for causing the time when the output value changes from a value smaller than the determination value to a value larger than the determination value to be reached earlier than when the second correction is not performed. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus. The air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2,
The air-fuel ratio control means includes
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the rich air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine increases, the amount of change per predetermined time of the intake air amount The third correction is performed to correct at least one of the output value and the determination value so that the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases as the size increases. Thus, the third parameter correction means for causing the time when the output value changes from a value smaller than the determination value to a value larger than the determination value to arrive earlier than when the third correction is not performed. An air-fuel ratio control apparatus. A three-way catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine;
A downstream air-fuel ratio sensor that is a concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor disposed downstream of the catalyst in the exhaust passage;
When the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is larger than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas that is the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst becomes the lean air-fuel ratio that is the air-fuel ratio larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. In addition, when the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor is smaller than the determination value, the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes a rich air-fuel ratio that is an air-fuel ratio smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Air-fuel ratio control means for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the engine which is the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine;
In an air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising:
The air-fuel ratio control means includes
As the amount of change in the intake air amount per predetermined time increases, the difference between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value decreases so that the difference between the output value and the determination value becomes smaller. Parameter correcting means for correcting at least one of them so that the time point when the magnitude relationship between the output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor and the determination value is reversed is reached earlier than when the correction is not performed; Including an air-fuel ratio control device. The air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4,
The parameter correction means includes
When the air-fuel ratio of the engine is controlled so that the air-fuel ratio of the catalyst inflow gas becomes the lean air-fuel ratio and the intake air amount of the engine is reduced, the correction is not performed. Air-fuel ratio control device.

Images