JP2011527568A - 補体アンタゴニストおよびその使用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2008年7月10日に出願の米国特許仮出願第61/079,501号の継続出願である。本出願は、米国特許仮出願第61/079,501号、ならびにそれぞれ2008年7月10日に出願の以下の米国特許仮出願第61/079,554号、第61/079,497号および第61/079,488号の優先権を主張する。米国特許仮出願第61/079,501号、第61/079,554号、第61/079,497号および第61/079,488号の各々の開示は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
理論に縛られることを望まないが、その標的核酸とのオリゴマー化合物の特異的ハイブリダイゼーションが、その核酸の正常な機能を妨害すると考えられている。それと特異的にハイブリダイズする化合物による標的核酸の機能のこの調節は、「アンチセンス」と一般に呼ばれる。妨害されるDNAの機能には、例えば複製および転写が含まれる。妨害されるRNAの機能には、少なくとも一部の生活機能、例えばタンパク質翻訳部位へのRNAの転位、RNAからのタンパク質の翻訳、RNAをスプライシングして1つまたは複数のmRNA種を生成すること、およびRNAに関与するかまたはそれによって促進されることがある触媒活性が含まれる。標的核酸機能に対するそのような妨害の全体的影響は、哺乳動物のC6タンパク質の発現の調節である。本発明との関連で、「調節」は、オリゴマーの不在下での発現などの適する対照と比較しての、遺伝子の発現の増加(刺激)または減少(阻害)を意味する。本発明との関連で、阻害は遺伝子発現の調節の好ましい形態であり、mRNAが1つの標的である。
<<A>>は、少なくとも1つのヌクレオチド類似体、例えば1、2、3、4、5または6個のヌクレオチド類似体、例えば2〜5個のヌクレオチド類似体、例えば2、3または4個のヌクレオチド類似体、あるいは2、3または4個の連続的なヌクレオチド類似体からなるかまたはそれを含み、
<<B>>は、RNアーゼHを動員することができる少なくとも5つの連続的な核酸塩基からなるかそれをまたは含む(相補的RNA分子、例えば哺乳動物のC6標的、例えば配列番号1で表されるヒトC6核酸との二重鎖で形成される場合)。一実施形態では、RNアーゼHを動員することができる、5、6、7、8、9、10、11または12個の連続的な核酸塩基、または6〜10個、または7〜9個、例えばRNアーゼHを動員することができる8個の連続的な核酸塩基などのオリゴマーのDNA核酸塩基、および
<<C>>は、1、2、3、4、5または6個のヌクレオチド類似体、好ましくは2〜5個のヌクレオチド類似体、例えば2、3または4個のヌクレオチド類似体、最も好ましくは2、3または4個の連続的なヌクレオチド類似体などの、少なくとも1つのヌクレオチド類似体からなるかまたはそれを含み、
<<D>>が存在する場合、それは、1つまたは複数のDNAヌクレオチド、例えば1〜3個または1〜2個のDNAヌクレオチドからなるかまたはそれを含み、好ましくはそれらからなる。
指摘するように、本発明は、パッセンジャー鎖、および哺乳動物の補体成分6(C6)タンパク質、例えば本明細書で提供されるヒト、ラットおよびマウスの配列をコードする核酸分子を標的にしたアンチセンス鎖を含む二本鎖化合物も提供する。一実施形態では、各鎖は、約12〜約35個の核酸塩基、好ましくは約12〜約30個のヌクレオチド、より好ましくは約14〜約25個のヌクレオチドを含み、多くの適用のためには約15〜約20個のヌクレオチド(例えば、18または19個のヌクレオチド)が好ましい。好ましくは、アンチセンス鎖は、配列番号1(ヒト)、402(ラット)または403(マウス)によって表される補体成分6(C6)配列、またはその天然に存在する対立遺伝子変異体をコードする核酸の対応する領域に、少なくとも約80%、85%、90%、95%、98%、99%、最大約100%の配列同一性を有する連続した核酸塩基配列からなる。また、好ましくは、オリゴマーは、LNAモノマーなどの少なくとも1つのオリゴヌクレオチド類似体を含む。
別の態様では、本発明は、一般的にRNAまたはその1つまたは複数のオリゴヌクレオチド類似体を含むかまたはそれらからなる核酸複合体、および好ましくは薬学的に許容される希釈剤、担体またはアジュバントを含む組成物を提供する。一実施形態では、複合体は、配列番号1(ヒト)、402(ラット)または403(マウス)によって表される補体成分6(C6)配列、またはその天然に存在する対立遺伝子変異体をコードする核酸の対応する領域に、少なくとも約80%の配列同一性、少なくとも約85%、90%、95%、98%、99%、最大約100%の配列同一性を有する連続した核酸塩基配列からなるアンチセンス鎖を含む、コアの二本鎖領域を含む。好ましい複合体は少なくとも1つのオリゴヌクレオチド類似体を含み、RNA複合体は、アンチセンス鎖と一般にハイブリダイズする不連続なパッセンジャー鎖をさらに含む。ほとんどの適用について、不連続なパッセンジャー鎖は、ニックまたはギャップまたはリンカーまたは本明細書に記載の他のそのような割込みなどの不連続部を含む。
a.前記細胞または生物体を、本明細書で定義されるRNA複合体と、標的特異的核酸修飾が起こることができる条件下で接触させる段階と、
b. RNA複合体のアンチセンス鎖によって誘導される標的特異的核酸修飾を媒介する段階。
a.遺伝子によってコードされるRNA、例えばmRNAまたは他の機能的RNAを標的にする本明細書で定義されるRNA複合体を、分解またはサイレンシングまたは抑制のために細胞または生物体に導入し、それによって試験細胞または試験生物体を生成する段階と、
b.遺伝子によってコードされるRNAの分解またはサイレンシングまたは抑制が起こる条件下で試験細胞または試験生物体を維持し、それによって、遺伝子のmRNAレベルが低下している試験細胞または試験生物体を生成する段階と、
c.段階bで生成される試験細胞または生物体の表現型を観察し、観察された表現型を適当な対照細胞または対照生物体の表現型と任意選択で比較し、それによって遺伝子の機能に関する情報を提供する段階。
本発明の化合物の好ましい使用は、急性または慢性の神経障害に関連する症状の治療、予防および/または緩和のための薬剤としてである。強力で安全な薬剤の設計は、親和性/特異性、体液中安定性、細胞取込み、作用様式、薬物動態特性および毒性などの多様なパラメータの微調整をしばしば必要とする。これらおよび他のパラメータは、当分野の技術者に公知となる。
記載のように、本発明は、補体系の望ましくない活性によって媒介される障害を治療、予防するか、またはその症状を軽減するための方法をさらに提供する。一実施形態では、本方法は、本発明の少なくとも1つの化合物、特に本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つの医薬組成物を、それを必要とする哺乳動物(例えば、霊長類または非霊長哺乳動物、特にヒト患者)に投与することを含む。句「補体系の望ましくない活性によって媒介される障害」は、神経再生の不能または不全によって全体的に、または一部表される神経障害を意味する。そのような障害の例には、末梢神経系(PNS)または中枢神経系(CNS)の神経への急性または慢性の損傷に続く、神経再生の不能または不全を表すものが含まれる。神経再生(または、損傷を受けた神経の機能の改善)の不能または不全は、当分野で公知である検査によって検出すること、および場合によっては定量化することができる。例えば、Ramaglia, V.ら(2007) J. Neurosci. 27:7663頁(とりわけ、ラットで神経変性および再生を検出し、任意選択で定量化するためのアッセイを記載)、Wolf, SL (2001) Stroke 32:1635頁(モーター機能試験)、S. Van Tuijlら(2002) Spinal Cord 40:51頁(モーター機能試験)、Sheikh, Kら(1980) Rheumatology 19:83頁(モーター機能試験)、Chan A.Weら(2001) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychology 55:56頁(感覚機能試験)およびMayuko. Wら(2005) J. Jap. Soc. For Surgery of the Hand (2005) 22:842頁(複数の感覚機能試験)、ならびにそこで引用される参考文献を参照。
述べるように、少なくとも1つの発明化合物を投与することによって、本明細書で指摘される障害を予防、治療、またはその程度を低減することが可能である。しかし、所望の効果を達成するために対象を連続的に化合物に曝露させる必要はないことが分かっている。すなわち、「薬剤休止日」と本明細書で呼ばれる期間、化合物の投与を、時には実質的に低減させることが可能である。薬剤休止日の間、補体mRNAは、本発明化合物の投与の後の数日間、数週間、最高約1カ月間、低いままである(対照と比較して、およびqPCRを用いて、約10%未満、20%、30%、40%、50%以上)。これらの条件下で生成される補体mRNAの量は、コードされるタンパク質の正常レベルを生成するには不十分であると考えられている。単独でのまたは別の薬剤との併用による発明化合物の投与は、この期間中必要でない。薬剤休止日以後、1つまたは複数の発明化合物の単独投与、または他の薬剤との併用投与を再開することができる。
補体成分C6は主に肝臓で発現され、この器官から循環中に分泌される。C6の肝臓での発現のノックダウンは、MAC複合体を形成する能力を実質的に低下させ、したがって補体系の効力を低下させる。全身投与されたアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが肝臓で有効であることを、多くの研究が確認している。
補体成分C6に対するアンチセンスオリゴマーが、齧歯動物とヒトとの間で高い相同性を有する配列に対して設計された(表5A〜5F、3A〜3Fを参照)。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(15〜18量体)を、ロック核酸(LNA)で化学的に修飾した。LNAはオリゴをヌクレアーゼから保護し、相補的mRNA配列への親和性(Tm)を高めるので、高い効力を有する短い15〜18量体オリゴヌクレオチドの使用を可能にする。18ヌクレオチドより短いオリゴマーは、より長いオリゴマーと比較して先天性の免疫応答を活性化させる傾向が弱い。オリゴヌクレオチドは、ギャップマーとして設計した。このことは、オリゴの5’末端の最後の3つの部位および3’末端の最後から2番目から数えて3つの部位はLNA部分を含むが、中央および3’末端の最後の部位位置はDNA類似体以外からなることを意味する。
一般的なギャップマー設計の例を下に示す:
培養した細胞系は補体タンパク質を発現しない(または非常に低いレベルでしか発現しない)ので、オリゴヌクレオチドの効力をin vivoで直接試験することができる。最初のスクリーニングの目標は、in vivo効力を有する可能性のあるオリゴのセットを初期設計のリストから同定することであった。8〜10週齢のマウスNMRI系統(Charles River、Netherlands)に、PBSに溶解させた5mg/kgのオリゴを1日に1回注射した(腹腔内IPまたは静脈内(IV))。対照として、最初のスクリーニングのときだけPBS注射を与えた。各処置について、群につき5匹のマウスを用いた。3日間の処置の後に、マウスを4日目に屠殺した。肝臓試料を取り出し、タンパク質レベルの検出のためにウェスタンブロット法、およびmRNAレベルのために定量qPCRを用いて、タンパク質成分のノックダウンレベルを測定するために用いる。
血清中のアスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(ASAT)およびアラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(ALAT)レベルを測定するために、血液試料を採取する。血清中のASATおよびALATレベルは、適当なキット(Roche Diagnostics)とH747(Hitachi/Roche)による標準の診断手順を用いて測定される。IPTT-200トランスポンダチップおよびDAS 5002チップリーダー(Biomedic Data Systems、Seaford, Dellaware, USA)を用いて、各マウスについて毎日体重を監視し、マウスの体温を測定する。
NMRI nu/nuマウスでC6 mRNAのレベルを低下させるために、上の表1に示すLNAオリゴヌクレオチドを用いた。1匹のPBS対照マウスを含め、処置群につき4匹の動物を用いた(合計15匹のマウス)。マウスは、1、2および3日目に各オリゴのIP注射(動物1kgにつき5mg)を投与された。マウスを4日目に屠殺し、肝臓を摘出した。RNAは、従来の手法を用いて調製した。C6mRNAは、製造業者の指示に従ってRoche lightcycler480およびユニバーサルプローブでqPCRを用いて定量化した。
補体成分に対するアンチセンスオリゴマーを、齧歯動物とヒトとの間で高い相同性を有する配列に対して設計した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを、ロック核酸(LNA)で化学的に修飾した。LNAはオリゴをヌクレアーゼから保護し、相補的mRNA配列への親和性(Tm)を高める。オリゴヌクレオチドは、ギャップマーとして設計した。このことは、オリゴの5’末端の最後の3つの部位および3’末端の最後から2番目から数えて3つの部位はLNA部分を含むが、中央および3’末端の最後の部位はDNA類似体以外からなることを意味する。
上で概説される手順を用いて、Oligo 1010(配列番号413)を作製した。0.5mg/kg〜5mg/kgを、上に述べたようにマウスに注射した。以下の通り、C6発現を測定するためにqPCRを用いた:動物を屠殺し、保存液としてRNA later(Ambion)を用いて肝臓試料を取り出した。Magnalyzerおよびmagnalyzerビーズ(Roche)を用いて肝臓をトリゾール(trizol)でホモジナイズした。製造業者(Invitrogen)の指示に従ってTrizolを用いてRNAを単離した。cDNAは、oligodTプライマーおよびSuperScriptII酵素(Invitrogen)を用いて作製した。qPCRは、ユニバーサルプローブプライマー(Roche)およびLightcycler480(Roche)を用いて実行した。すべてのデータは、ハウスキーピング遺伝子/ローディング対照としてHprt1(ヒポキサンチングアニンホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ1)を用いて補正した。すべての反応を3反復で実行し、qPCR条件は、製造業者(Roche)によって推奨される標準であった。さらに、アンチセンスオリゴOligo 1010(配列番号413)が標的とする配列に対して相同的なLNA修飾siRNAを、作製した。
神経圧挫アッセイは、圧挫の後の末梢神経の回復に対する補体阻害の影響を測定する。アッセイは、Ramaglia, V.ら(2007)7月18日: 27(29) 7663頁およびそこに開示されている参考文献によって一般に開示されている。簡潔には、動物をアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドまたは対照としてPBSで14日間処置し、その後神経圧挫を加える。すべての外科的手順は、深いイソフルラン麻酔(1.5v/lのイソフルランおよび1.0v/lのO2)の下で、無菌的に実施した。上腿の切開を通して、左の坐骨神経を曝露させた。神経は、平滑な鉗子を用いて、坐骨神経ノッチのレベルで3×10秒間押しつぶした。右の足は、対照の役目を果たした。疑似手術を実施し、坐骨神経を曝露させたがその妨害をしなかった。次に、筋肉および皮膚を縫合で閉じた。手術後の回復期間中、マウスは痛覚消失の状態にあった。それらを、損傷の直前にブプレノルフィン(Temgesic(登録商標)、Schering-Plough、The Netherlands)の1用量(0.05mg/kg)で、および損傷の1日後に第二の用量の鎮痛薬で処置した。感覚機能は、フットフリック(footflick)試験を用いて測定した。この試験では、2本の刺激電極を用いて足裏に可変電流(0.1〜0.5mA)を与える。動物がその足を引っ込めた場合、応答は陽性と評価した。引込み応答を引き出すために必要な最小電流(mA)を記録した。値は、正常な機能(右の対照足)の割合で表す。このアッセイを用いて、本発明の少なくとも1つのオリゴマーが、フットフリック(footlick)試験で有意な活性を示した。詳細には、適する担体中のオリゴマーを投与されたマウスは、7日目頃にフットフリックアッセイで50%の回復を示した。未処置の動物は、11日目頃に同じ回復を示した。
Claims (30)
- 配列番号1によって表される補体成分6(C6)配列、またはその天然に存在する対立遺伝子変異体をコードする核酸の対応する領域に少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有する連続した核酸塩基配列を有する、長さが約10〜50ヌクレオチドのオリゴマーであって、少なくとも1つのヌクレオチド類似体を含み、qPCRアッセイで測定した場合、哺乳動物でのC6 mRNAの発現レベルを少なくとも20%低減することができるオリゴマー。
- 修飾されたヌクレオシド間結合および修飾された核酸塩基の少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のオリゴマー。
- 前記ヌクレオチド類似体が、2’-O-メトキシエチル修飾糖部分、2’-メトキシ修飾糖部分、2’-O-アルキル修飾糖部分、および二環式糖部分からなる群から選択される修飾糖部分である、請求項2に記載のオリゴマー。
- 前記二環式糖部分がロック核酸(LNA)モノマーである、請求項3に記載のオリゴマー。
- 前記オリゴマーの3’および5’末端のそれぞれで2つまたは3つのLNAモノマーを含むギャップマーである、請求項4に記載のオリゴマー。
- 前記オリゴマーの5’および3’ウィングセグメント、ならびに任意選択で5’および3’末端の片方または両方の間に位置する2’-デオキシヌクレオチドをさらに含む、請求項5に記載のオリゴマー。
- 前記修飾されたヌクレオシド間結合がホスホロチオエートヌクレオシド間結合である、請求項2に記載のオリゴマー。
- 前記修飾された核酸塩基が5-メチルシトシンである、請求項2に記載のオリゴマー。
- 長さが約12〜約20ヌクレオチドである、請求項1に記載のオリゴマー。
- 長さが約15〜約18ヌクレオチドである、請求項9に記載のオリゴマー。
- 配列番号1のATG開始部位(「A」から開始する)を出発点とする、ヌクレオチド約1〜332、253〜653、266〜766、526〜926、853〜1253を標的にする、請求項1に記載のオリゴマー。
- 配列番号1のATG開始部位を出発点とする、ヌクレオチド約112〜152、433〜473、546〜586、706〜746または1015〜1055を標的にする、請求項11に記載のオリゴマー。
- 配列番号1によって表される補体成分C6配列に少なくとも96%、97%、98%または99%の配列同一性を有する、請求項1に記載のオリゴマー。
- 配列番号1によって表される補体成分C6配列に関して、1、2または3個のミスマッチを含む、請求項1に記載のオリゴマー。
- アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドである、請求項1に記載のオリゴマー。
- 請求項1に記載のオリゴマー、および薬学的に許容される希釈剤、担体、塩またはアジュバントを含む医薬組成物。
- 細胞または組織中の補体成分6(C6)の発現をin vivoで低減または阻害する方法であって、補体成分6(C6)の発現が低減または阻害されるように、前記細胞または組織を請求項1に記載のオリゴマーと接触させる段階を含む方法。
- 前記オリゴマーの投与の後に、補体成分6(C6)、前記タンパク質をコードするmRNAおよび膜攻撃複合体(MAC)の少なくとも1つを測定する段階をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 細胞または組織中の膜攻撃複合体(MAC)の生成をin vivoで低減または阻害する方法であって、前記MACの発現が低減または阻害されるように、前記細胞または組織を請求項1に記載のオリゴマーと接触させる段階を含む方法。
- 前記オリゴマーの投与の後に、前記MAC、補体成分6(C6)および補体成分6をコードするmRNAの少なくとも1つを測定する段階をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 補体系の望ましくない活性によって媒介される障害を治療、予防するか、またはその症状を軽減するための方法であって、その必要性のある哺乳動物に請求項16に記載の医薬組成物を投与する段階を含む方法。
- 前記障害が慢性脱髄性神経障害である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記慢性脱髄性神経障害が多発性硬化症である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- Rebif(登録商標)(インターフェロンβ-1a)、Avonex(登録商標)(インターフェロンβ-1a)、Betaseron(登録商標)(インターフェロンβ-1b)、Copaxone(登録商標)(ガラティラメルアセテート)、Novantrone(登録商標)(ミトザントロン)およびTysabri(登録商標)(ナタリズマブ)の少なくとも1つを投与する段階をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 補体系の望ましくない活性によって媒介される障害を治療、予防するか、またはその症状を軽減するための方法であって、その必要性のある哺乳動物に請求項16に記載の医薬組成物を投与する段階を含み、抗炎症剤および補体阻害剤の1つまたは複数の投与をさらに含む方法。
- 前記障害が神経外傷である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記神経外傷が外傷性脳損傷(TBI)である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 軸索再生を必要とする状態の治療のための医薬の製造のための、少なくとも1つの請求項1に記載の組成物の使用。
- 慢性脱髄性状態の治療のための医薬の製造のための、少なくとも1つの請求項1に記載の組成物の使用。
- 前記慢性脱髄性状態が多発性硬化症である、請求項27に記載の使用。
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EP (1) | EP2320925B1 (ja) |
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JP7459691B2 (ja) | 2012-04-23 | 2024-04-02 | ヴィコ セラピューティクス ビー.ヴイ. | 神経筋障害の治療のための改善された特徴を有するrna調節オリゴヌクレオチド |
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JP2015518704A (ja) * | 2012-04-02 | 2015-07-06 | モデルナ セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッドModerna Therapeutics,Inc. | 膜タンパク質の産生のための修飾ポリヌクレオチド |
JP7459691B2 (ja) | 2012-04-23 | 2024-04-02 | ヴィコ セラピューティクス ビー.ヴイ. | 神経筋障害の治療のための改善された特徴を有するrna調節オリゴヌクレオチド |
JP2022000023A (ja) * | 2015-07-22 | 2022-01-04 | ウェイブ ライフ サイエンシズ リミテッドWave Life Sciences Ltd. | オリゴヌクレオチド組成物およびその方法 |
JP7441816B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 | 2024-03-01 | ウェイブ ライフ サイエンシズ リミテッド | オリゴヌクレオチド組成物およびその方法 |
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CA2730203A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
AU2009270020A2 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
PL2320925T3 (pl) | 2016-06-30 |
SMT201600098B (it) | 2016-04-29 |
CN103740713A (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
IL210506A0 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
US20150211003A9 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
WO2010005310A2 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
SI2320925T1 (sl) | 2016-05-31 |
US20110171176A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
AU2009270020B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
CY1117476T1 (el) | 2017-04-26 |
US8703730B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
CN102149390A (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
HRP20160261T1 (hr) | 2016-06-03 |
ES2566008T3 (es) | 2016-04-08 |
IL210506A (en) | 2015-06-30 |
CA2730203C (en) | 2016-12-13 |
WO2010005310A3 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
US9089555B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
AU2009270020A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
NZ591057A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
US20140301982A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
EP2320925A2 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
DK2320925T3 (en) | 2016-03-21 |
HUE027169T2 (en) | 2016-10-28 |
KR20110044983A (ko) | 2011-05-03 |
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