JP2011115723A - Organic waste treatment apparatus and organic waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce drying time for organic waste including disease germs, viruses, bacteria, germs or the like, to efficiently perform carbonization treatment to the organic waste, and to achieve the improvement of a throughput for the organic waste. <P>SOLUTION: The organic waste treatment apparatus includes: a steam feed part 30 feeding saturated steam into a vessel 10 charged with organic waste; a stirring part 20 equipped into the vessel 10 and stirring the organic waste; and an air feed part 40 feeding the heated air into the vessel 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an organic waste processing apparatus and an organic waste processing method for decomposing organic waste under saturated high temperature and high pressure environment.

  Organic waste treatment equipment that has the function of decomposing organic waste including pathogens, viruses, bacteria, germs, and other organic waste, such as litter, etc., is subject to high temperature and high pressure environments with saturated steam. It is known to decompose organic waste.

  The thing described in the following Patent Document 1 supplies saturated water vapor into a container, holds the inside of the container at a high temperature and high pressure, and stirs the organic waste in the container to dry the organic waste. In addition to being hydrolyzed, it is pyrolyzed and carbonized.

JP 2007-7622 A

  According to the prior art of Patent Document 1, it is possible to carbonize organic waste including medical waste and litter etc. in a state in which pathogenic bacteria, viruses, bacteria, germs and the like are sterilized and killed. However, in this conventional technique, since stirring is performed while supplying saturated water vapor, a considerable amount of time is required for drying treatment of organic waste, and the carbonization treatment of organic waste is inefficient. there were.

  An object of the present invention is to deal with such a problem. That is, it is possible to shorten the drying process time of organic waste containing pathogenic bacteria, viruses, bacteria, various germs, etc., to shorten the drying process time and to efficiently carbonize organic waste, efficiently An object of the present invention is to achieve an improvement in the treatment capacity of organic waste by carbonization.

  In order to achieve such an object, an organic waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention comprises at least the following configuration.

  A water vapor supply unit that supplies saturated water vapor into a container in which organic waste is charged, a stirring unit that is equipped in the container and stirs the organic waste, and an air supply unit that supplies heated air into the container And.

  The organic waste is stirred and hydrolyzed while supplying saturated water vapor into the container in which the organic waste is put, and the decomposition treatment step of pyrolyzing and carbonizing is supplied, and heated air is supplied into the container. And a drying treatment step of stirring and drying the decomposed organic waste.

  By having such characteristics, the present invention has the following effects. That is, the container is heated to a high temperature and high pressure by supplying saturated steam, and the organic waste charged in the container is hydrolyzed while being stirred, thermally decomposed, and further, the decomposed organic waste is stirred. Since the drying process is performed by supplying heated air into the container, the drying time of organic waste containing pathogenic bacteria, viruses, bacteria, bacteria, etc. can be shortened. Organic waste can be efficiently carbonized by shortening the drying time. By efficiently carbonizing, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the treatment capacity of organic waste.

The schematic block diagram of the organic waste processing apparatus which concerns on this invention. Each condition used in the comparative example is shown.

  Examples of organic waste in the present invention include medical waste (gauze, absorbent cotton, bandages, sheets, diapers, MD (medical) boxes, etc.), livestock waste (laying materials, manure, etc.), agricultural waste (plastic house). Film, multi-cultivation multi-film, grass wrap film, etc.), food waste (food processing residue, garbage, etc.), industrial waste (various paper products, various plastic products, wood fragments, thinned wood, etc.) Is mentioned.

  The air supplied into the container is preferably high temperature and low humidity in order to increase the drying efficiency of organic waste.

  The container of the present invention includes an inner container into which organic waste is introduced and an outer container that surrounds the inner container in order to increase the heat retention and heating efficiency in the container, and the inner container is disposed between the inner container and the outer container. It is preferable to have a double structure in which space is secured, and more preferably, the above-described space and the water vapor supply unit or the air supply unit are communicated to supply saturated water vapor or heated air to the above-described space. It is the composition made.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an organic waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an organic waste treatment system (hereinafter referred to as “treatment system”) A including an organic waste treatment device (hereinafter referred to as “treatment device”) 1.

  The treatment system A hydrolyzes and thermally decomposes organic waste (not shown), and also performs a carbonization treatment apparatus 1, a condenser 1 </ b> A that liquefies water vapor exhausted from the treatment apparatus 1 during hydrolysis and thermal decomposition. The cooling device 1B that cools the liquid liquefied by the condenser 1A and returns it to the condenser 1A, the deodorizing device 1C that deodorizes the gas and water vapor in the condenser 1A, the condenser 1A, the cooling device 1B, and the deodorizing device 1C. The condensed liquid storage tank 1D for storing liquid and the liquid discharged from the condensed liquid storage tank 1D are dried under reduced pressure, and the liquid from the reduced pressure dryer 1E and the reduced pressure dryer 1E for separating the liquid and the slight solid contained in the liquid are removed. It includes a reverse osmosis membrane device 1F for filtering.

  Since the processing system A has a well-known structure except for the processing device 1, description of the configuration excluding the processing device is omitted by illustration. In the figure, an arrow indicated by a solid line indicates a liquid flow, an arrow indicated by a one-dot chain line indicates a water vapor flow, an arrow indicated by a two-dot chain line indicates a gas flow, and an arrow indicated by a broken line indicates a solid flow.

  The processing apparatus 1 includes a container 10 into which organic waste is charged, a stirring unit 20 that stirs the organic waste in the container 10, a steam supply unit 30 that supplies saturated steam into the container 10, and a container 10. And an air supply unit 40 for supplying heated high-temperature air.

  The container 10 includes an inner container 11 into which organic waste is charged and an outer container 12 surrounding the inner container 11, and has a double structure in which a space 13 is secured between the inner container 11 and the outer container 12. belongs to. The container 10 includes an inlet 14 for introducing organic waste into the inner container 11, an exhaust outlet 15 for exhausting water vapor in the inner container 11, and an exhaust for discharging the decomposed organic waste to the outside of the container 10. And an outlet 16.

  The input port 14 is provided so as to penetrate the space 13 from the outside of the outer container 12 and communicate with the inner container 11, and a lid 140 that opens and closes the input port 14 at the end on the outer container 12 side. It is installed. The exhaust port 15 is provided so as to penetrate the space 13 from the outside of the outer container 12 and communicate with the inner container 11, and communicates with the condenser 1 </ b> A via the on-off valve 150. The discharge port 16 is provided so as to penetrate the space 13 from the outside of the outer container 12 and communicate with the inner container 11, and is opened and closed by an opening / closing valve 160.

  The stirring unit 20 has a plurality of stirring blades 22 projecting along the radial direction outside the rotating shaft 21 that is supported along the axial direction of the inner container 11, and is a motor installed outside the container 10. The rotation of the rotating shaft 21 by the power of 23 causes the stirring blade 22 to stir the organic waste.

  In addition, the form of the stirring part 20 is not restricted to the illustrated form, What is necessary is just a form which can stir organic waste. For example, when the stirring blade 22 is screwed, the inner container 11 is moved in the axial direction while the organic waste is being stirred, so that stirring can be performed more effectively (not shown). In the case of the stirring unit 20 provided with the screw-like stirring blades 22, the organic waste can be prevented from being concentrated on one side in the axial direction of the inner container 11 by switching the rotation direction between forward and reverse. .

  The steam supply unit 30 includes a boiler 31 that heats water from the water supply tank 1G to produce saturated steam, and a steam header 32 that supplies the saturated steam produced by the boiler 31 into the inner container 11 at high temperature and high pressure. ing. A pipe is provided between the steam header 32 and the inner container 11, and an on-off valve 33 is provided in the pipe path. The saturated water vapor supplied from the steam header 32 into the inner container 11 has, for example, a temperature of about 230 ° C. or higher and a pressure of about 30 MPa or higher, while heating the inner container 11 with this high temperature / high pressure saturated water vapor, By performing the stirring by the stirring unit 20, the organic waste in the inner container 11 is hydrolyzed and thermally decomposed.

  The liquid (water) from the reverse osmosis membrane device 1F is returned to the water supply tank 1G, and this liquid is heated again by the boiler 31. The liquid from the reverse osmosis membrane device 1F can also be used as water used in factories and the like.

  In consideration of safety and efficiency, it is preferable that the pressure in the inner container 11 does not exceed 50 MPa and is maintained at about 30 MPa. In the present embodiment, in order to maintain the above-mentioned preferable pressure of about 30 MPa, water vapor is exhausted from the exhaust port 15 to adjust the pressure in the inner container 11. Moreover, it is preferable to control the temperature in the inner container 11 to be substantially constant in the range of 200 ° C. to 230 ° C. in consideration of safety and efficiency.

  A pipe is provided between the steam header 32 and the outer container 12 in order to supply high-temperature saturated water vapor to the space 13, and a pressure reducing valve 34 and an opening / closing valve 35 are provided in the pipe path. Here, the heat of the saturated water vapor supplied into the space 13 is for heating the inner container 11 in the space 13. By heating the inner container 11, for example, the temperature in the inner container 11 can be controlled to be maintained at the above-described substantially constant preferable temperature, and the above-described high-temperature / high-pressure saturated steam is supplied into the inner container 11. By heating the inner container 11 from the outside, the inner container 11 can be rapidly heated by the supplied saturated water vapor.

  Considering the certainty of control for maintaining the temperature in the inner container 11 at the above-described preferable temperature and the heating efficiency of the inner container 11, the saturated water vapor supplied to the space 13 has a temperature of about 160 ° C., for example. The pressure is preferably about 10 MPa.

  In addition, since the space 13 forms an air layer around the inner container 11, the heat retaining effect of the inner container 11 can be enhanced.

  The pressure reducing valve 34 reduces the pressure of the saturated water vapor supplied from the steam header 32 to the space 13 so that the saturated water vapor is supplied to the space 13 at the above-described preferable temperature and pressure. With this pressure reducing valve 34, one steam header 32 can generate saturated steam for the inner container 11 (for hydrolysis) and saturated steam for the space 13 (for temperature control in the inner container 11) at different pressures. it can.

  The air supply unit 40 is configured to dry organic waste by supplying high-temperature dry air to the inner container 11. The air supply unit 40 is in communication with an air ejection part 41 that inhales outside air and injects the outside air, and the air ejection part 41 and a pipe, and heats the air ejected from the air ejection part 41, and And an air heating unit 42 for dehumidifying the air by heating.

  The air ejection part 41 preferably has a dehumidifying function for reducing the humidity of the air to be sucked. With such an air ejection part 41, the efficiency of dehumidification of air by heating of the air heating part 42 can be increased.

  The air heating unit 42 is a heat exchanger that heats the outside air sucked using the heat of saturated steam from the steam header 32, and heats the outside air by exchanging heat with the heat of saturated steam. Humidity air is supplied into the inner container 11. The outside air passage (not shown) in the air heating unit 42 and the inside of the inner container 11 are connected by a pipe, and dry air heated by using the jet output of the air jetting part 41 is converted into the inner container 11. It is designed to supply inside.

  The water vapor passage (not shown) and the pressure reducing valve 34 in the air heating unit 42 are communicated with each other by a pipe, and the saturated water vapor from the steam header 32 is decompressed and supplied to the water vapor passage. Yes.

  The air heating unit 42 supplies high-temperature dry air into the inner container 11 after stopping the supply of high-temperature and high-pressure saturated steam after the organic waste decomposition process. At this time, the organic waste can be efficiently dried by operating the stirring unit 20 and causing high-temperature dry air to act on the entire organic waste.

  The hot dry air supplied into the inner container 11 preferably has a temperature of about 120 ° C.

  Note that the high-temperature dry air produced by the air heating unit 42 may be supplied to the space 13 instead of the aforementioned saturated water vapor to heat the inner container 11 from the outside (not shown).

  The decomposition processing apparatus 1 is provided with a measuring unit 50 that measures the temperature and pressure in the inner container 11, and always displays the temperature and pressure in the inner container 11 during the decomposition process. In accordance with the value displayed on the meter side portion 50, the on-off valve 150 is opened and closed to keep the temperature and pressure in the inner container 11 constant. The on-off valve 150 may be opened and closed manually, or controlled so that it automatically opens and closes when the meter side unit 50 measures a temperature and pressure that are greater than or less than a preset value. May be.

  According to such a decomposition treatment apparatus 1, since the drying treatment can be performed with high-temperature dry air after the decomposition treatment of the organic waste, the carbonized organic waste having a low water content can be efficiently produced. .

  Next, a method for decomposing organic waste using such a processing apparatus 1 will be described.

[First step: Input step]
Organic waste is put into the processing apparatus 1 and the processing apparatus 1 is sealed. The organic waste may be input using an input device (not shown) or manually.

[Second step: decomposition treatment step]
While supplying saturated water vapor into the inner container 11, the stirring unit 20 is rotated, and the organic waste in the inner container 11 is hydrolyzed and pyrolyzed to be carbonized. At this time, high temperature saturated water vapor is supplied into the space 13 to heat the inner container 11 from the outside, thereby increasing the temperature rise efficiency in the inner container 11 or keeping the inner container 11 warm. In this step, the decomposition process may be performed while maintaining the temperature in the inner container 11 at 200 ° C. to 230 ° C. and the pressure at about 30 MPa. Further, the decomposition treatment may be performed while maintaining the temperature in the space 13 at about 160 ° C. and the pressure at about 10 MPa. Further, the water vapor exhausted in this step is put into the condenser 1A and liquefied.

[Third step: drying treatment step]
After the organic waste decomposition process, the supply of saturated water vapor is stopped, and heated dry air is supplied into the inner container 11 to dry the decomposed organic waste. At this time, the rotation of the stirring unit 20 and the supply of saturated water vapor to the space 13 are continued, the decomposed organic waste is stirred, and the inside container 11 is kept warm to increase the drying efficiency. In this step, it is preferable to supply dry air having a temperature of about 120 ° C. Moreover, the water vapor | steam which generate | occur | produces from an organic waste in this process is exhausted, put into the condenser 1A, and is liquefied.

[Fourth process: Discharge process]
After drying, the on-off valve 160 is opened, and the carbonized organic waste is discharged from the discharge port 16.

  According to such a decomposition treatment method, since the organic waste drying treatment step is performed after the organic waste decomposition treatment step, carbonized organic waste having a low water content can be efficiently produced.

  Next, a comparative example of the decomposition processing capability of the processing apparatus 1 and the decomposition processing method (hereinafter referred to as an example) of the present invention and the current processing apparatus and decomposition processing method (hereinafter referred to as the current example) is based on FIG. explain.

  In this comparative example, medical waste was used as organic waste. This medical waste is used gauze, absorbent cotton, bandages, sheets, diapers and the like, and is highly likely to have pathogens, viruses, bacteria, germs, and the like attached thereto.

  In this comparative example, when an organic waste having a water content of 80% WB is carbonized in an amount of 810 kg / 1 batch, the time until the water content of the organic waste after carbonization reaches 30% WB is measured. The measurement results were compared. However, this measurement does not include the time for introducing organic waste into the processing apparatus and the time for discharging it from the processing apparatus.

  The processing apparatus of the present example includes a heating device (having the same purpose as the space 13 in the present invention) for heating the inside of the single-layered container, and has the same configuration as the water vapor supply unit 30 of the present invention. Provided with a water vapor supply section (not shown). In the processing apparatus 1 of an Example, 120 degreeC dry air was supplied by the air supply part 40 after the decomposition | disassembly process of organic waste. In FIG. 2, the container heating temperature is a temperature at which the outside of the container is heated by a heating device in the case of the current example, and in the case of the example, is a temperature at which the inner container 11 is heated by saturated steam supplied to the space 13. is there.

  In this comparative example, the organic waste was decomposed and carbonized under the conditions shown in FIG. As a result, in the example, it reached 30% WB in 135 minutes. In the current example, it took 240 minutes to reach 30% WB.

  That is, according to this embodiment, the processing time can be shortened by 100 minutes or more compared with the current example. Therefore, the processing apparatus 1 and the decomposition processing method of the present embodiment can efficiently perform the organic waste decomposition processing.

  In the processing apparatus 1 and the decomposition processing method of the present invention, organic waste is decomposed and carbonized, and inorganic materials such as metals are not decomposed. For example, when a metallic medical instrument such as an injection needle is mixed in medical waste as in the embodiment, such a medical instrument is not decomposed and remains as it is. Therefore, it is possible to easily separate the medical device remaining as it is from the organic carbon waste that has been decomposed and carbonized.

  In addition, for example, when disassembling a material using a rare metal such as a personal computer or a cellular phone, the plastic or the synthetic resin is decomposed and carbonized with the rare metal remaining as it is. It will be. That is, the processing apparatus 1 and the decomposition processing method of the present invention can also be used as an apparatus for efficiently recovering rare metals.

1: Organic waste treatment apparatus 10: Container 20: Stirring unit 30: Water vapor supply unit 40: Air supply unit 11: Inner container 12: Outer container 13: Space

Claims (4)

  A water vapor supply unit that supplies saturated water vapor into a container charged with organic waste, a stirring unit that is equipped in the container and stirs the organic waste, and air that supplies heated air into the container And an organic waste treatment apparatus.   The container has an inner container into which the organic waste is charged and an outer container surrounding the inner container, and has a double structure in which a space is secured between the inner container and the outer container. The organic waste processing apparatus according to claim 1.   The organic waste according to claim 2, wherein the space and the water vapor supply unit or the air supply unit communicate with each other to supply the saturated water vapor or the heated air to the space. Processing equipment.   The organic waste is stirred and hydrolyzed while supplying saturated water vapor into the container in which the organic waste is charged, and the decomposition treatment step of thermally decomposing and carbonizing and supplying heated air into the container An organic waste treatment method comprising: a drying treatment step of stirring and drying the decomposed organic waste.

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