JP2011155205A - Semiconductor optical element and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a semiconductor optical element that avoids a baneful influence caused by a projection of a semiconductor layer formed when epitaxial growth is made on a semiconductor surface which is not flat as a ridge etc., is formed, and a method of manufacturing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The semiconductor optical element includes a semiconductor substrate, the ridge formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor layer formed in contact with a side face of the ridge. Then a (111)B plane is formed on the side face of the ridge and at an upper-end part of a part buried in the semiconductor layer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a semiconductor optical device having a step of performing epitaxial growth on a semiconductor surface which has been processed by a semiconductor process such as dry etching and has become non-flat, and a method for manufacturing the same.

  In the manufacturing process of a semiconductor optical device, epitaxial growth may be performed on a surface having a fine convex structure. As such a semiconductor optical device, there is a case where a current block layer is epitaxially grown after a fine ridge structure to be an optical waveguide is formed. A semiconductor optical device in which a ridge structure is embedded in a current blocking layer in order to pass a current only through the ridge structure is called an embedded semiconductor laser. In addition, a composite device that undergoes a plurality of epitaxial growths to monolithically couple various devices to the same substrate also performs epitaxial growth on a non-planar semiconductor surface. Here, examples of devices mounted on the same substrate include laser elements, waveguides, optical couplers, optical amplifiers, EA modulators, and phase modulators.

  Patent Documents 1 to 5 describe a manufacturing process of a semiconductor optical device including a process of performing epitaxial growth on a non-flat semiconductor surface.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-314853 JP-A-5-235467 JP-A-4-349679 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-128516 JP-A-8-5853

  When epitaxial growth is performed on a semiconductor substrate having a fine structure on the surface, the growth rate has a plane orientation dependency. There has been a problem that the semiconductor layer after epitaxial growth is not flat due to the dependence of the growth rate on the plane orientation.

  When a group III-V crystal material used for a semiconductor optical device is grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), the group V source gas supply amount is usually grown under a condition where the group III gas supply amount is larger. Under such growth conditions, the (111) A plane grows faster than the (100) plane. In addition, the growth of the (111) B plane is slow. This will be described with reference to FIGS. The active layer 102 and the clad layer 104 formed on the semiconductor substrate 100 form the fine structure described above. Then, a mask layer 106 is formed on the cladding layer 104. Next, a semiconductor layer is epitaxially grown on the semiconductor substrate 100. FIG. 16 shows an epitaxially grown semiconductor layer 108. Then, since the growth rate of the (111) A plane of the semiconductor layer 108 is large, a protrusion may be formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100. The protrusion is shown as an arrow (111) A in FIG. In FIG. 16, the semiconductor layer 108 is described by a plurality of lines, which visualizes the progress of growth. That is, the semiconductor layer 108 is drawn by drawing every certain time.

  As a result of the formation of the protrusions, the subsequent semiconductor processing process may not be performed as intended. As a result, a non-uniform shape is formed in the vicinity of the optical waveguide, an effective refractive index change occurs, and scattering or reflection of the guided light occurs. That is, there is a problem that adversely affects the characteristics of the semiconductor optical device.

  The following measures can be taken to suppress the occurrence of such protrusions. That is, the growth furnace pressure during epitaxial growth of the semiconductor layer is lowered, the growth temperature is raised, the V / III ratio is changed, or an etching gas such as HCl gas is supplied simultaneously with the source gas during the growth. There is a way. However, changes in the growth conditions as described above are often prohibited from the standpoint of maintaining crystal characteristics such as crystal defects and undoped levels, and from limiting device parameters. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to suppress protrusions by changing the epitaxial growth conditions.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor optical device that avoids the adverse effects caused by the protrusions of the semiconductor layer and a method for manufacturing the same.

  A semiconductor optical device according to the invention of the present application includes a semiconductor substrate, a ridge formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a semiconductor layer formed in contact with a side surface of the ridge. A (111) B surface is formed on the side surface of the ridge and at the upper end portion of the portion embedded in the semiconductor layer.

  A method of manufacturing a semiconductor optical device according to the present invention includes a step of forming a ridge on a semiconductor substrate, a step of forming a mask layer on the ridge, and a portion of the side surface of the ridge that is in contact with the mask layer. Etching to form a (111) B surface, and forming a semiconductor layer in contact with the side surface of the ridge so as to bury the ridge.

  The method of manufacturing a semiconductor optical device according to the present invention includes a step of forming a ridge on a semiconductor substrate, a step of forming a mask layer on the ridge, wet-etching the side surface of the ridge, And a step of forming a ridge overhang to form an eave and a step of forming a semiconductor layer in contact with a side surface of the ridge so as to embed the ridge.

  A method of manufacturing a semiconductor optical device according to the present invention includes a step of forming a ridge on a semiconductor substrate, a step of forming a mask layer on the ridge, and a semiconductor layer so as to bury the ridge in contact with a side surface of the ridge. And a step of removing the projecting portion formed in the step of forming the semiconductor layer with a physical force.

  A method of manufacturing a semiconductor optical device according to the present invention includes a step of forming a ridge on a semiconductor substrate, a step of forming a mask layer on the ridge, and a semiconductor layer so as to bury the ridge in contact with a side surface of the ridge. And a step of performing anisotropic etching for selectively etching the protruding portion formed in the step of forming the semiconductor layer.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the bad influence by the protrusion at the time of performing epitaxial growth on the semiconductor surface which is not flat can be suppressed.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor optical device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing the semiconductor optical device according to the first embodiment. It is a figure explaining formation of a ridge. It is a figure explaining formation of a (111) B surface. It is a figure explaining formation of a semiconductor layer. It is sectional drawing of the semiconductor optical element of Embodiment 2. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor optical device according to the second embodiment. It is a figure explaining formation of a ridge. It is a figure explaining formation of the eaves part of a mask layer. It is a figure explaining formation of a semiconductor layer. It is a figure explaining the removal of the protrusion in Embodiment 3. It is a figure explaining sharpening a mask layer and removing a projection. It is a figure explaining sharpening a mask layer and removing a projection. It is a figure explaining removing a protrusion by anisotropic etching. It is a figure explaining the subject of this invention. It is a figure explaining the subject of this invention.

Embodiment 1
This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol may be attached | subjected to the same or corresponding component, and description of multiple times may be abbreviate | omitted. The same applies to other embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor optical device of this embodiment. The semiconductor optical device 10 of this embodiment includes a ridge formed on the semiconductor substrate 12. The ridge includes an active layer 14, a cladding layer 16, and a contact layer 18. For convenience of explanation, a structure that does not include a contact layer may be referred to as a ridge. A semiconductor layer 20 is formed on the side surface of the ridge in contact with the ridge. The semiconductor layer 20 is a current block layer. The semiconductor layer 20 is formed on the (100) plane of the semiconductor substrate 12. The active layer 14 and the cladding layer 16 are embedded with a semiconductor layer 20.

  The side surface of the cladding layer 16 is almost (011) plane. However, a (111) B surface is formed on the side surface of the cladding layer 16 and at the upper end portion of the portion embedded by the semiconductor layer 20.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing the semiconductor optical device 10. A manufacturing process of the semiconductor optical device will be described with reference to FIG. First, in step 50, the mask layer 30 is formed. The mask layer 30 is formed on the layer to be the active layer 14 and the layer to be the cladding layer 16. The layer to be the active layer 14 and the layer to be the cladding layer 16 are referred to as such because they are etched to form a ridge. When step 50 is completed, the process proceeds to step 52. Step 52 is a step of etching the layer to be the active layer 14 and the layer to be the cladding layer 16 to form a ridge. In step 52, a resist is first applied on the mask layer 30. Then, the resist is patterned by a transfer process. Thereafter, the mask layer 30 is etched to form a pattern of the mask layer 30. Next, using the mask layer 30 as a mask, the layer to be the active layer 14 and the layer to be the cladding layer 16 are etched. Thus, a ridge reflecting the pattern of the mask layer 30 is formed. When step 52 is completed, the structure shown in FIG. 3 is obtained. The mask layer 30 prevents a semiconductor layer described later from being formed on the cladding layer 16. Mask layer 30 is formed of, for example, SiO2.

  When step 52 is completed, the process proceeds to step 54. In step 54, the side surfaces of the ridge are etched. This etching is wet etching using a mixed solution of an acidic solution and hydrogen peroxide, or gas etching using a halogen-based reactive gas such as HCl or HBr. These etchings have a low etch rate on the (111) B surface. Therefore, as a result of etching, the ridge side surface shape shown in FIG. 4 can be formed. The width of the ridge etched in step 54 is indicated by “L” in FIG. Here, a value obtained by the equation: (layer thickness to be grown on (100) plane × <100> direction growth rate / <011> direction growth rate) is referred to as “necessary etching width”. The aforementioned L is larger than the required etching width.

  When step 54 is completed, the process proceeds to step 56. In step 56, the semiconductor layer 20 is formed. A butt joint structure is formed by the semiconductor layer 20. The semiconductor layer 20 is drawn and displayed at equal time intervals in order to visualize the progress of growth. As shown in FIG. 5, when step 56 is completed, a substantially flat semiconductor layer 20 is formed.

  When epitaxial growth is performed on a non-flat surface having a fine structure such as a ridge, a (111) A surface having a high growth rate may be formed. In the epitaxial growth, there has been a problem that the growth of the (111) A plane proceeds rapidly and the protrusion of the semiconductor layer is formed. However, the semiconductor optical device of this embodiment can solve this problem because the (111) B surface is formed on the ridge. That is, since the (111) B plane has a slow growth rate under general III-V group crystal growth conditions, generation of protrusions during the formation process of the semiconductor layer 20 can be suppressed. In particular, since the side surface of the ridge is etched deeper than the above-described required etching width, generation of protrusions can be prevented in the process of forming the semiconductor layer 20. As a result, no adverse effects due to protrusions can be prevented without changing the growth conditions for epitaxial growth.

Embodiment 2
This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is characterized in that the growth in the (111) A plane direction of the semiconductor layer is suppressed using a mask layer such as SiO2. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the semiconductor optical device of this embodiment. The semiconductor optical device 60 of this embodiment includes a ridge composed of an active layer 62, a cladding layer 64, and a contact layer 18. The active layer 62 and the cladding layer 64 are embedded in the semiconductor layer 66.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining a method for manufacturing the semiconductor optical device 60. A manufacturing process of the semiconductor optical device 60 will be described with reference to FIG. In step 50 and step 52, the structure shown in FIG. 8 is formed. Since Step 50 and Step 52 have been described in the first embodiment, a description thereof will be omitted. At the stage where step 52 is completed, the mask layer 30 is disposed on the cladding layer 64.

  When step 52 is finished, the process proceeds to step 70. In step 70, the side surfaces of the active layer 62 and the cladding layer 64 are wet etched. This wet etching is performed using an etchant having an isotropic etching rate, such as a mixed solution of hydrobromic acid and hydrogen peroxide. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the shape after the wet etching described above. As a result of the wet etching, the mask layer 30 protrudes about several μm from the ridge like eaves. The eaves portion of the mask layer 30 is a portion surrounded by a broken line 72 in FIG.

  When step 70 is completed, the process proceeds to step 56. In step 56, the semiconductor layer 66 is formed by epitaxial growth of the structure shown in FIG. In step 56, the group III atoms supplied from the mask layer 30 directly below the mask layer 30 by migration from the eaves of the mask layer 30 and the source atoms supplied directly under the mask layer 30 are reduced. Therefore, crystal growth under the mask layer 30 is suppressed. The semiconductor layer 66 is in contact with the side surfaces of the active layer 62 and the cladding layer 64 and embeds them. As shown in FIG. 10, when step 56 is finished, a substantially flat semiconductor layer 66 is formed.

  In this embodiment, the eaves portion 72 which is a part of the mask layer 30 suppresses the growth of the semiconductor layer in the (111) A plane direction. Therefore, shape defects such as protrusions of the semiconductor layer can be suppressed as in the first embodiment. Although the eaves portion is formed by wet etching in this embodiment, it may be formed by dry etching.

Embodiment 3
This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The present embodiment is characterized in that the protrusion is removed after the (111) A surface of the semiconductor layer has grown and the protrusion has been formed. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor optical device of this embodiment. After the projection 82 surrounded by the broken line is formed as shown in FIG. 11, the projection 82 is removed by applying a physical force to the projection 82. Such physical force is applied in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. The physical force may be applied directly using a brush or the like, or may be applied by a water flow.

  A modification of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 12, the shape of the mask layer 84 may be sharpened in the ridge side surface direction. In order to sharpen the mask layer in this way, for example, the adhesion between the resist used for patterning the mask layer 84 and the mask layer 84 may be strengthened. Alternatively, it is conceivable to change the etching conditions for patterning the mask layer 84 so as to increase the etching rate in the side surface direction. However, the method of sharpening the mask layer 84 as shown in FIG. 12 is not limited to the method described above.

  The force applied to the protrusions 82 by such a mask layer 84 can be concentrated in one place, and the protrusion removal property can be improved. Similarly, the mask layer 86 may be sharpened like the mask layer 86 shown in FIG. In general, a plurality of ridges are formed on the semiconductor substrate 12. However, if the protrusions are removed as shown in FIGS.

  A modification of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a method of removing the protrusions of the semiconductor layer by anisotropic etching. As indicated by a broken line in FIG. 14, the semiconductor layer 80 has a protrusion 82. This protrusion is formed because the semiconductor layer 80 is rapidly grown in the (111) A plane direction. In this modification, anisotropic etching using an acidic solution such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid or the like is performed to remove the protrusions 82. Etching in the (111) A plane direction proceeds while suppressing the etching amount in the (100) direction to a minimum due to the anisotropy of the etch rate. As a result, since the protrusions 82 are selectively etched, the protrusions 82 can be removed or made minute enough to be negligible in terms of the characteristics of the semiconductor optical device.

  In all of the embodiments so far, the problem is that protrusions are formed when the semiconductor layer embeds the ridge. However, the present invention can be implemented when epitaxial growth is performed on a non-flat surface and growth in the (111) A plane direction proceeds rapidly. Therefore, the composition of the ridge is not limited to the description of the embodiment. Further, for example, the present invention can be implemented when various devices are mounted on the same substrate.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Semiconductor optical device, 12 Semiconductor substrate, 14 Active layer, 16 Clad layer, 20 Semiconductor layer

Claims (6)

A semiconductor substrate;
A ridge formed on the semiconductor substrate;
A semiconductor layer formed in contact with the side surface of the ridge,
2. A semiconductor optical device according to claim 1, wherein a (111) B surface is formed on a side surface of the ridge and at an upper end portion of the portion embedded in the semiconductor layer. Forming a ridge on the semiconductor substrate;
Forming a mask layer on the ridge;
Etching to form a (111) B surface on the side surface of the ridge that is in contact with the mask layer;
Forming a semiconductor layer so as to be in contact with a side surface of the ridge and burying the ridge. Forming a ridge on the semiconductor substrate;
Forming a mask layer on the ridge;
Wet etching the side surface of the ridge, and the mask layer protruding so as to form an eaves of the ridge;
Forming a semiconductor layer so as to be in contact with a side surface of the ridge and burying the ridge. Forming a ridge on the semiconductor substrate;
Forming a mask layer on the ridge;
Forming a semiconductor layer in contact with a side surface of the ridge so as to embed the ridge;
And a step of removing the protruding portion formed in the step of forming the semiconductor layer by a physical force.   5. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor optical device according to claim 4, wherein the mask layer is formed so as to have a sharp shape in the side surface direction of the ridge. Forming a ridge on the semiconductor substrate;
Forming a mask layer on the ridge;
Forming a semiconductor layer in contact with a side surface of the ridge so as to embed the ridge;
And a step of performing anisotropic etching for selectively etching the protrusion formed in the step of forming the semiconductor layer.

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