JP2011030563A - Cellulolytic yeast and method for creating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a yeast having improved cellulolytic activity. <P>SOLUTION: There is provided the method for creating the cellulolytic yeast. The method includes a step for co-inserting at least two kinds of genes encoding cellulolytic enzymes to a host yeast by the incorporation by yeast δ sequence. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cellulolytic yeast and a method for producing the same.

  Attempts have been made to ferment ethanol directly from non-edible carbon sources by modifying fermentative microorganisms that cannot inherently assimilate the main components of soft biomass, such as cellulose and hemicellulose, using biotechnological techniques. . As such a biotechnological technique, a cell surface display technique is preferably used. For example, yeast that surface-displays a group of enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose (that is, a plurality of types of enzymes) has been produced by cell surface display technology (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Living organisms originally regulate protein expression levels in various processes such as transcription and translation. However, it is very difficult to control the expression level and expression balance of a plurality of foreign proteins in a yeast foreign gene expression system by genetic recombination.

  In conventional studies, the expression level of a foreign gene is generally regulated by selecting the type of promoter. However, such control methods depend on various factors such as the gene to be expressed, the type of host yeast strain, and the culture conditions, and therefore are difficult to strictly control or apply widely, and determine the optimal expression level. It was impossible to do.

  For example, the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei, which is known for efficiently degrading cellulose, has a very large variety of cellulase genes, and their expression balance depends on the surrounding environment. It is known that it is strictly controlled. However, when these genes are heterologously expressed in other microorganisms such as yeast, it is very difficult to control the expression balance.

  The δ integration system is known as a technique capable of introducing multiple copies of a gene by homologous recombination with a large number of δ sequences existing on the yeast chromosome (for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4). In any of Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4, it is possible to introduce multiple copies of an expression gene of the same species using integration (integration) with a yeast δ sequence to increase, increase efficiency, or stabilize the expression level. About.

International Patent Application Publication No. 01/79483 JP 2008-86310 A

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1997, 48, 339-345 Biotechnology Letters, 2002, 24, 1785-1790 Biotechnol. Prog., 1996, 12, 16-21 Biotechnol. Prog., 1997, 13, 368-373 Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2002, 60, 469-474 Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68, 4517-4522 Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2004, 70, 1207-1212 Yeast, 1998, 14, 115-132 Yeast, 1985, Vol. 1, pp. 67-77 Biotechnol. J., 2010, 5, 449-455 Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 85, 1491-1498

  An object of the present invention is to provide a yeast having improved cellulose degradability.

The present invention provides a method for producing cellulolytic yeast, which method comprises:
A step of co-introducing a gene encoding at least two cellulolytic enzymes into a host yeast by integration with a yeast δ sequence.

  In one embodiment, the at least two cellulolytic enzymes are a combination of enzymes with different modes of cellulose hydrolysis.

  In a further embodiment, the combination of enzymes with different modes of cellulose hydrolysis is selected from the group consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase.

  In a further embodiment, the combination of enzymes with different modes of cellulose hydrolysis is a combination of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase.

  In another embodiment, the cellulolytic enzyme is designed to be displayed on the cell surface in the method.

  In another embodiment, the co-introducing step is repeated twice or more.

  The present invention further includes a gene encoding at least two types of cellulolytic enzymes having different modes of cellulose hydrolysis, and the combination of the enzymes is (A) endoglucanase and (B) β-glucosidase, A yeast having a ratio (A) / (B) of 2 or more is provided.

  The present invention further comprises a gene encoding at least two types of cellulolytic enzymes having different modes of cellulose hydrolysis, and the combination of the enzymes is (A) endoglucanase and (B) cellobiohydrolase, A yeast having a ratio (A) / (B) of 1 or more is provided.

  The present invention further comprises a gene encoding at least three types of cellulolytic enzymes that differ in cellulose hydrolysis mode, and the combination of the enzymes is (A) endoglucanase, (B) β-glucosidase, and (C) cello. Provided is a yeast which is a biohydrolase, wherein the ratio (A) / (B) of the gene is 2 or more and (A) / (C) is 1 or more.

  According to the present invention, a yeast having improved cellulose degradability and a method for producing the same are provided.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing vector configurations of pδW-PGAGBGL, pδU-PGAGBGL, and pδH-PGAGBGL. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing vector configurations of pδW-PGAGCBHII, pδU-PGAGCBHII, and pδH-PGAGCBHII. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing vector configurations of pδW-PGAGEGII, pδU-PGAGEGII, and pδH-PGAGEGII. It is a bar graph which shows each (beta) -glucosidase activity of MT8-1 / coc (delta) BEC strain | stump | stock, MT8-1 / coc (delta) BECII strain | stump | stock, and MT8-1 / IBEC strain | stump | stock. 4 is a bar graph showing the PASC (phosphate-swelling cellulose) degrading activity of each of MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain, MT8-1 / cocδBECII strain, and MT8-1 / IBEC strain. It is the electrophoresis photograph which shows the result of colony PCR investigated about the introduction | transduction of (beta) -glucosidase gene, cellobiohydrolase II gene, and endoglucanase II gene to MT8-1 / coc (delta) BEC strain | stump | stock and MT8-1 / IBEC strain | stump | stock. Β-glucosidase activity (A) and PASC of MT8-1 / δBEC strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 strain, MT8-1 / IBEC2 strain, and wild strain, respectively It is a bar graph which shows decomposition | disassembly activity (B). MT8-1 / δBEC, MT8-1 / cocδBEC1, MT8-1 / cocδBEC2, MT8-1 / cocδBEC3, MT8-1 / IBEC2 and wild-type β-glucosidase gene, cellobiohydrolase II gene And a bar graph showing the results of real-time PCR in which the number of introduced copies of the endoglucanase II gene was measured.

  The yeast δ sequence has been reported to be a long terminal repeat of the retrotransposons Ty1 and Ty2 for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (eg, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4) and is also referred to as a Ty sequence. The δ sequence is known and readily available to those skilled in the art (Genebank accession number M18706). Pairs of 5 'and 3' sequences of the δ sequence can be prepared so as to allow homologous recombination with a large number of δ sequences present on the yeast chromosome. For example, such a δ sequence pair can be prepared by designing a primer pair based on the sequence information and performing PCR amplification using yeast genomic DNA as a template (for example, Preparation Example 3 below). In the present invention, commercially available vectors for δ integration can also be used.

  Cellulolytic enzyme refers to any enzyme capable of cleaving a β1,4-glucoside bond. It can be derived from any cellulose hydrolase producing bacterium. Cellulose hydrolase producing bacteria typically include Aspergillus (for example, Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus oryzae), Trichoderma (for example, Trichoderma reesei, genus Clostridium (eg, Clostridium thermocellum, genus Cellulomonas (eg, Cellulomonas fimi and Cellulomonas uda), Examples include microorganisms belonging to the genus Pseudomonas (for example, Pseudomonas fluorescence).

  Hereinafter, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase will be described as typical cellulolytic enzymes, but the cellulolytic enzymes are not limited thereto.

  Endoglucanase is an enzyme commonly referred to as cellulase that cleaves cellulose from the interior of the molecule to yield glucose, cellobiose, and cellooligosaccharide (“cellulose intramolecular cleavage”). There are five types of endoglucanases, which are called endoglucanase I, endoglucanase II, endoglucanase III, endoglucanase IV, and endoglucanase V, respectively. These distinctions are differences in amino acid sequences, but are common in that they have a cellulose intramolecular cleavage action. For example, endoglucanase derived from Trichoderma reesei (particularly, EGII) can be used, but is not limited thereto.

  Cellobiohydrolase degrades from either the reducing or non-reducing end of cellulose to release cellobiose (“cellulose molecular end truncation”). There are two types of cellobiohydrolase, called cellobiohydrolase I and cellobiohydrolase II, respectively. These distinctions are differences in amino acid sequences, but are common in that they have a cellulose molecule end cleaving action. For example, cellobiohydrolase derived from Trichoderma reesei (particularly CBHII) can be used, but is not limited thereto.

  β-glucosidase is an exo-type hydrolase that cleaves glucose units from the non-reducing end of cellulose (“glucose unit cleavage”). β-glucosidase can cleave β1,4-glucoside bond between aglycone or sugar chain and β-D-glucose, and can hydrolyze cellobiose or cellooligosaccharide to produce glucose. β-glucosidase is a representative example of an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellobiose or cellooligosaccharide. One type of β-glucosidase is currently known and is referred to as β-glucosidase 1. For example, Aspergillus acreatas-derived β-glucosidase (particularly BGL1) can be used, but is not limited thereto.

  For good hydrolysis of cellulose, it is preferable to combine enzymes with different modes of cellulose hydrolysis. Enzymes that act in a variety of different cellulose hydrolysis modes such as cellulose intramolecular cleavage, cellulose molecular end cleavage, and glucose unit cleavage can be combined as appropriate. Examples of enzymes having respective hydrolysis modes include, but are not limited to, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase. The combination of enzymes with different modes of cellulose hydrolysis can be selected, for example, from the group consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase. Since it is desirable that glucose, which is a constituent sugar of cellulose, can be finally produced, it is preferable to include at least one enzyme capable of producing glucose. As an enzyme capable of producing glucose, in addition to a glucose unit cleaving enzyme (for example, β-glucosidase), endoglucanase can also produce glucose. Preferably, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, and cellobiohydrolase can be expressed in yeast.

  The gene of the enzyme for the purpose of expression can be obtained from a microorganism producing the enzyme by designing a primer or a probe based on known sequence information and using PCR or a hybridization method. It can also be cut out from an existing vector containing these enzyme genes, preferably in the form of its expression cassette.

  Enzyme genes can be used to construct expression cassettes. The expression cassette may contain so-called regulatory elements such as operators, promoters, terminators, enhancers and the like that regulate the expression of the gene. The promoter or terminator may be that of the gene intended for expression itself, or may be derived from another gene. As the promoter and terminator, promoters and terminators such as GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3′-phosphate dehydrogenase), PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase), GAP (glyceraldehyde 3′-phosphate) can be used. The selection of the terminator depends on the expression of the target enzyme gene and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. If necessary, it may further contain factors (for example, operators and enhancers) that regulate further expression. Expression regulators such as operators and enhancers can also be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art. The expression cassette can further contain necessary functional sequences depending on the purpose of expression of the gene. The expression cassette can also include a linker, if desired.

  Cell surface engineering techniques can be utilized for surface display expression of enzymes to yeast. For example, (a) a method of presenting the cell surface localized protein on the cell surface via the GPI anchor, (b) a method of presenting on the cell surface via the sugar chain binding protein domain of the cell surface localized protein, and (c ) There is a method of presenting on the cell surface via a periplasmic free protein (other receptor molecule or target receptor molecule), but is not limited thereto. The technique of cell surface engineering is also described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example.

  Examples of cell surface localized proteins that can be used include α- or a-agglutinin (used as a GPI anchor) which is a sex aggregation protein of yeast, Flo1 protein (Flo1 protein has various amino acid lengths on the N-terminal side, Can be used as a GPI anchor: for example, Flo42, Flo102, Flo146, Flo318, Flo428, etc .; Non-Patent Document 5: Flo1326 represents a full-length Flo1 protein, Flo protein (having no GPI anchor function and aggregation Floshort or Flolong using non-patent document 6), invertase which is a periplasm localized protein (not using GPI anchor), and the like.

  First, (a) a method using a GPI anchor will be described. A gene encoding a protein localized on the cell surface by a GPI anchor encodes a secretory signal sequence, a cell surface localized protein (sugar chain binding protein domain), and a GPI anchor attachment recognition signal sequence in this order from the N-terminal side. Have a gene. A cell surface localized protein (glycan binding protein) expressed from this gene in the cell is guided to the outside of the cell membrane by a secretion signal, and the GPI anchor attachment recognition signal sequence is selectively cleaved at the C-terminal. It binds to the GPI anchor of the cell membrane via the portion and is fixed to the cell membrane. Then, it is cut by the PI-PLC near the root of the GPI anchor, incorporated into the cell wall, fixed to the cell surface, and presented on the cell surface.

  Here, the secretory signal sequence generally refers to an amino acid sequence containing many amino acids rich in hydrophobicity, which is bound to the N-terminus of a protein (secretory protein) secreted extracellularly (including periplasm), Normally, secreted proteins are removed when they are secreted from inside the cell through the cell membrane. Any secretory signal sequence can be used as long as it is a secretory signal sequence capable of leading the expression product to the cell membrane, regardless of its origin. For example, as a secretion signal sequence, a glucoamylase secretion signal sequence, a yeast α- or a-agglutinin signal sequence, a secretion signal sequence of the expression product itself, and the like are preferably used. If the activity of other proteins fused to the cell surface binding protein is not affected, a part or all of the secretory signal sequence and the pro sequence may remain at the N-terminus.

  Here, the GPI anchor refers to a glycolipid having a basic structure of ethanolamine phosphate-6 mannose α1-2 mannose α1-6 mannose α1-4 glucosamine α1-6 inositol phospholipid called glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). , PI-PLC refers to phosphatidylinositol-dependent phospholipase C.

  The GPI anchor attachment recognition signal sequence is a sequence recognized when the GPI anchor binds to the cell surface localized protein, and is usually located at or near the C-terminal of the cell surface localized protein. As the GPI anchor attachment signal sequence, for example, the sequence of the C-terminal part of yeast α-agglutinin is preferably used. Since the GPI anchor adhesion recognition signal sequence is included in the C-terminal side of the sequence of 320 amino acids from the C-terminal of α-agglutinin, the gene used in the above method encodes a sequence of 320 amino acids from the C-terminal. DNA sequences are particularly useful.

  Therefore, for example, a DNA encoding a secretory signal sequence-a structural gene encoding a cell surface localized protein-a sequence having a DNA sequence encoding a GPI anchor adhesion recognition signal, and a structural gene encoding this cell surface localized protein By substituting all or part of the sequence with a DNA sequence encoding the target enzyme, recombinant DNA for presenting the target enzyme on the cell surface via the GPI anchor can be obtained. When the cell surface localized protein is α-agglutinin, it is preferable to introduce DNA encoding the target enzyme so as to leave a sequence encoding a 320 amino acid sequence from the C-terminus of α-agglutinin. For this reason, the “3 ′ half region of the α-agglutinin gene” can be used. The enzyme presented on the cell surface by introducing such DNA into yeast and expressing it has its C-terminal side immobilized on the surface.

  Next, (b) a method using a sugar chain binding protein domain will be described. When the cell surface localized protein is a sugar chain binding protein, the sugar chain binding protein domain has a plurality of sugar chains, and this sugar chain interacts with or entangles with sugar chains in the cell wall. It is possible to stay. Examples thereof include sugar chain binding sites such as lectins and lectin-like proteins. Typically, an aggregation functional domain of GPI anchor protein and an aggregation functional domain of FLO protein can be mentioned. The aggregation functional domain of the GPI anchor protein is a domain that is located on the N-terminal side of the GPI anchoring domain, has a plurality of sugar chains, and is considered to be involved in aggregation.

  By binding the sugar chain binding protein domain (aggregation function domain) of the cell surface localized protein and the target enzyme, the enzyme is presented on the cell surface. Depending on the type of the target enzyme, (1) the enzyme is bound to the N-terminal side of the sugar chain binding protein domain (aggregation functional domain) of the cell surface localized protein, (2) the enzyme is bound to the C-terminal side, and ( 3) The same or different enzymes can be bound to both the N-terminal side and the C-terminal side. For example, (1) DNA encoding secretory signal sequence-gene encoding target enzyme-structural gene encoding sugar chain binding protein domain (aggregation functional domain) of cell surface localized protein; or (2) secretion signal DNA encoding sequence-Structural gene encoding sugar chain binding protein domain (aggregation functional domain) of cell surface localized protein-Gene encoding target enzyme Recombinant DNA for display can be obtained. When the aggregation functional domain is used, since the GPI anchor is not involved in the cell surface presentation, only a part of the DNA sequence encoding the GPI anchor attachment recognition signal sequence may be present in the recombinant DNA. It does not have to exist. In addition, when the aggregation functional domain is used, since the length of the domain can be easily adjusted (for example, either Floshort or Flolong can be selected), the enzyme can be displayed on the cell surface with a more appropriate length, and This is very useful in that it can be bound on either the N-terminus or C-terminus of the enzyme.

  Next, (c) a method using a periplasm free protein (another receptor molecule or a target receptor molecule) will be described. In this case, the target enzyme can be expressed on the cell surface as a fusion protein with a periplasm free protein. Examples of the periplasmic free protein include invertase (Suc2 protein). The target enzyme can be appropriately fused to the N-terminal or C-terminal depending on these periplasmic free proteins.

  The elements used in any surface layer display technology of any of (a) to (c) above (also referred to as “cell surface layer display factor” in this specification) are also included in the enzyme gene expression cassette according to the above description. Can be. More specifically, a cell surface display factor can be linked to a gene of an expressed enzyme in a desired arrangement together with a secretory signal sequence depending on the factor, and this linkage can be sandwiched between a promoter and a terminator. . The surface layer display factor can be obtained from a microorganism expressing the factor by designing a primer or a probe based on known sequence information and using a PCR or a hybridization method. In addition, a known plasmid (for example, a non-expressing plasmid) containing a gene for an expression enzyme (for example, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, or β-glucosidase), a secretion signal, and expression control sequences such as a promoter and a terminator together with a gene for a cell surface display factor. From Patent Document 7), it can be used by appropriately cutting out in a form suitable for vector preparation and preparing an insert.

  A method for secreting an enzyme out of a cell and expressing it in yeast is well known to those skilled in the art. A recombinant DNA in which the structural gene of the target enzyme is linked to the DNA encoding the secretory signal sequence may be prepared and introduced into yeast.

  Of course, methods for expressing genes in yeast cells are also well known to those skilled in the art. In this case, a recombinant gene linked to the target structural gene may be prepared and introduced into yeast without using the sugar chain binding protein domain (aggregation function domain) of the cell surface localized protein or the secretion signal.

  Synthesis and binding of DNA containing various sequences can be performed by techniques that can be commonly used by those skilled in the art. For example, the binding between the secretory signal sequence and the structural gene of the target enzyme can be performed using site-directed mutagenesis. By using this method, it is possible to cleave the secretory signal sequence accurately and to express the active enzyme.

  A vector can be constructed for integration of the cellulolytic enzyme with the yeast δ sequence. The vectors used in the present invention may contain pairs of δ sequences (which allow homologous recombination with a number of δ sequences present on the yeast chromosome) and enzyme genes.

  The enzyme gene to be expressed can be usually designed in a vector so as to be in the form of an expression cassette as described above. That is, it can be included in a vector together with expression control elements such as a promoter and a terminator. The expression cassette can also be designed so that the expressed enzyme is displayed on the cell surface as described above.

  In the vector used in the present invention, an enzyme expression cassette may be sandwiched and linked between a pair of δ sequences so as to allow homologous recombination with a large number of δ sequences present on the yeast chromosome. For convenience, this vector is also referred to as a δ integration vector. Preferably, it may be in the form of a plasmid. From the viewpoint of simplification of DNA acquisition, a shuttle vector of yeast and E. coli is preferable. Optionally, the vector can include regulatory sequences as described above. Such vectors have, for example, a yeast 2 μm plasmid replication origin (Ori) and a ColE1 replication origin, and yeast selection markers (described below) and E. coli selection markers (such as drug resistance genes). ).

  Any known marker can be used as the yeast selection marker. For example, a drug resistance gene, an auxotrophic marker gene (for example, a gene encoding imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (HIS3), a gene encoding malate beta-isopropyl dehydrogenase (LEU2), a gene encoding tryptophan synthase (TRP5) A gene encoding argininosuccinate lyase (ARG4), a gene encoding N- (5′-phosphoribosyl) anthranilate isomerase (TRP1), a gene encoding histidinol dehydrogenase (HIS4), orotidine-5-phosphate deoxygenase A gene encoding carboxylase (URA3), a gene encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (URA1), a gene encoding galactokinase (GAL1), and al And a gene encoding pha-aminoadipate reductase (LYS2)). For example, an auxotrophic marker gene (for example, HIS3, LEU2, URA1, TRP1-deficient marker, etc.) can be preferably used. A yeast selectable marker can be sandwiched between a pair of δ sequences along with an enzyme expression cassette. The position (upstream or downstream) or orientation (forward or reverse) of the yeast selection marker with respect to the enzyme expression cassette is not particularly limited.

  In order to express a plurality of types of cellulolytic enzyme genes, respective δ integration vectors containing the respective enzyme genes can be constructed as the respective enzyme expression vectors. For example, for the expression of three cellulase genes, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase, three δ integration vectors containing the genes of the respective enzymes can be constructed. Preferably, each δ integration vector containing the gene for each of these enzymes is designed to have the same yeast selectable marker.

  The final prepared vector contains the desired elements (eg, δ sequence, enzyme gene and its expression regulatory sequence, and yeast selectable marker; preferably, depending on the expression pattern of the enzyme gene, a secretory signal sequence, And an additional element such as a cell surface display factor (which may be located 3 ′ or 5 ′ relative to the expressed enzyme gene depending on the factor used). The procedure may depend on the material used (eg, a backbone vector, an enzyme gene that can be excised from a known vector or an insert of an element such as a cell surface display factor).

  A plurality of δ integration vectors designed for the expression of multiple types of cellulolytic enzymes can be co-introduced into the host yeast. “Introduction” of a vector into a host yeast means not only the introduction of a gene or DNA in the vector into a cell, but also expression. Also called transformation, transduction, transfection, or genetic recombination. Methods for introducing a gene or DNA include a method using lithium acetate, a protoplast method, and an electroporation method. Specific examples of the introduction into yeast cells include a lithium acetate method and a protoplast method. The introduced DNA can be incorporated into the chromosome by undergoing homologous recombination with the δ sequence of the host yeast. In “co-introduction” or “co-transformation”, these vectors may be introduced simultaneously or sequentially, and the order of introduction is not limited in the case of sequential.

  The type of yeast as a host is not particularly limited, but yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces is particularly preferable, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is preferable. The host yeast may be genetically modified so as to enhance the ability to ferment alcohol from a monosaccharide (eg, glucose) that is a fermentation substrate obtained by cellulose degradation.

  Co-introduction into a host yeast of a vector for δ integration for the expression of genes for a plurality of cellulolytic enzymes can be performed repeatedly. Preferably, during the initial co-introduction as well as during this co-introduction, multiple integration vectors can be designed to have the same yeast selectable marker. Δ integration using a plurality of δ integration vectors having the same yeast selection marker is also referred to as “cocktail δ integration”. More preferably, repeated co-introduction may use a yeast selection marker that is different from the initial or previous co-introduction yeast selection marker.

  After the co-introduction described above, a transformed yeast having a desired cellulose resolution can be selected by screening using the cellulose resolution. For this purpose, the activity of decomposing phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) can be used (the procedure is exemplified in Example 3 below). For example, after screening using a yeast selectable marker, screening by measuring PASC degradation activity can be used. Colony formation in media with PASC as a single carbon source can also be utilized if the enzyme is designed to display on the surface.

  In order to improve the PASC degradation activity by transformed yeast, the expression balance of three types of cellulases, endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase, is important. For this reason, the ratio of cellulase genes introduced into yeast is 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and even more preferably 5 or more for endoglucanase / β-glucosidase. For endoglucanase / cellobiohydrolase, the number is 1 or more, preferably 2 or more.

  Yeast obtained by co-introduction of a vector for δ integration for the expression of a plurality of cellulolytic enzyme genes as described above is also within the scope of the present invention. Such yeast suitably expresses a plurality of co-introduced cellulolytic enzymes and can hydrolyze cellulose. Such yeast is also referred to as “cellulolytic yeast”. Such yeast can also be used for hydrolysis of cellulose-containing materials (eg, bagasse, rice straw, etc.).

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not limited by these Examples.

  The strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 (Non-patent document 8) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 (MATa ade his3 leu2 trp1 ura3 strain) (non-patent document 9) used in this example were respectively Funakoshi Corporation and Non-patent document 9. Obtained from the author.

  All PCR amplifications shown in this example were performed using KOD-Plus-DNA polymerase (Toyobo).

  All yeast transformations shown in this example were performed by the lithium acetate method using the YEAST MAKER yeast transformation system (Clontech Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, USA).

(Preparation Example 1: Construction of pIHPGBGL, pIHPGAGCBHII, and pIWPGAGEGII, and pIWPGAGEGPGBGL)
Plasmid pIHPGAGCBHII for expressing Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase II by normal integration, and plasmid pIWPGAGEGPGBGL for expressing Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase II and β-glucosidase 1 from Aspergillus aculeatus Constructed. These construction procedures will be described below.

  A promoter sequence (pPGK) of PGK1, which is a kind of phosphoglycerate kinase present on the yeast genome, is converted into primers pPGKF (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 1) and pPGKR (SmaI) (SEQ ID NO: 2), and a terminator sequence (tPGK). ) Was amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 as a template using tPGKF (SmaI) (SEQ ID NO: 3) and tPGKR (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 4).

  The amplified pPGK and tPGK were inserted into the XhoI / SmaI site and SmaI / NotI site of the vector plasmid pBluescript II KS + (Stratagene), respectively.

  From the constructed plasmid, a sequence containing pPGK and tPGK was obtained by restriction enzyme treatment with BSSHII, and was transferred to the BSSHII site of yeast expression vectors pRS403 (HIS3 yeast expression vector: Stratagene) and pRS404 (TRP1 yeast expression vector: Stratagene). The resulting plasmids were named pIHPG and pIWPG.

  BGL / AG-anchor, CBHII / AG-anchor, and EGII / AG-anchor genes were respectively expressed as primers BGLF (XbaI) (SEQ ID NO: 5) and BGLR (XbaI) (SEQ ID NO: 6), CBHIIF (XbaI) (SEQ ID NO: 7) and CBHIIR (XbaI) (SEQ ID NO: 8), and EGIIF (NheI) (SEQ ID NO: 9) and EGIIR (SmaI) (SEQ ID NO: 10) were used, and pBG211 (AG-anchor: α-agglutinin gene 3 ′ side Β-glucosidase surface expression vector having a half region (region consisting of nucleotides from positions 991 to 1953 of the coding region of the α-agglutinin gene and a 445 bp terminator region downstream of the coding region: Non-patent document 7) PFCBH2w3 (cellobiohydrolase II surface expression vector having the 3 ′ half region of the α-agglutinin gene: Non-Patent Document 7), and pEG23u31H6 (having the 3 ′ half region of the α-agglutinin gene) Endo Kanaze II surface expression vector: were amplified by PCR using non-patent document 7) as a template.

  Amplified BGL / AG-anchor and CBHII / AG-anchor were inserted into pIHPG, the resulting plasmids were named pIHPGBGL and pIHPGAGCBHII, respectively, and the amplified EGII / AG-anchor gene was inserted into pIWPG and obtained The plasmid was named pIWPGAGEGII.

  pPGK-BGL / AG-anchor gene was amplified by PCR using primers pPGKF (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 11) and tAGR (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 12) using pIHPGBGL as a template, and inserted into the NotI site of pIWPGAGEGII. The resulting plasmid was named pIWPGAGEGPGBGL.

(Preparation Example 2: Construction of pIU-PGAGEGII and pIW-PGAGCBHII)
Plasmid pIU-PGAGEGII for expressing Trichoderma reesei-derived endoglucanase II and plasmid pIW-PGAGCBHII for expressing Trichoderma reesei-derived cellobiohydrolase II were constructed by ordinary integration. These construction procedures will be described below.

  A region containing PGK1 promoter sequence (pPGK), endoglucanase II gene, and AG-anchor in this order was used with primers pPGKF (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 11) and tAGR (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 12) to produce plasmid pIWAGEGII (non- Amplified by the PCR method using Patent Document 10) as a template.

  The amplified insert DNA was inserted into the NotI site of the vector plasmid pRS406 (URA3 yeast expression vector: Stratagene), and the resulting plasmid was named pIU-PGAGEGII.

  A PCR method using the plasmid pIHAGCBHII (Non-patent Document 10) as a template, using the primers pPGKF (NotI) and tAGR (NotI) in the region containing PGK1 promoter sequence (pPGK), cellobiohydrolase II gene and AG-anchor in this order. Amplified by

  The amplified insert DNA was inserted into the NotI site of the vector plasmid pRS404 (TRP1 yeast expression vector: Stratagene), and the resulting plasmid was named pIW-PGAGCBHII.

(Preparation Example 3: Construction of pδW and pδU)
As described below, δ integration vector plasmids pδW and pδU were constructed.

  First, the 5′-side 167 bp (5′δ sequence) of the δ sequence present on the yeast genome was used using primers 5′DSF (SacI) (SEQ ID NO: 13) and 5′DSR (SacI) (SEQ ID NO: 14). The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4741 genomic DNA was amplified as a template by PCR.

  Subsequently, the amplified insert DNA (5′δ sequence) was inserted into the SacI site of the vector plasmid pBluescript II KS +.

  Similarly, the 3′-side 167 bp (3′δ sequence) of the δ sequence was amplified by PCR using primers 3′DSF (KpnI) (SEQ ID NO: 15) and 3′DSR (KpnI) (SEQ ID NO: 16), and the above-mentioned Was introduced into the kpnI site of pBluescript II KS + into which the 5′δ sequence had been introduced.

  PCR method using TRP1 deficient marker (TRP1d) from TRP1 gene present on plasmid pRS404 (TRP1 yeast expression vector: Stratagene), primers TRP1dF (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 17) and TRP1dR (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 18) Was inserted into the XhoI site of pBluescript II KS + into which the above 5′δ and 3′δ sequences had been introduced, and the resulting plasmid was designated as pδW. Therefore, pδW is a δ integration vector plasmid containing a TRP1-deficient marker as a selectable marker and a yeast δ sequence.

  Similarly, the URA3 deletion marker (URA3d) from the URA3 gene present on the plasmid pRS406 (URA3 yeast expression vector: Stratagene), the primers URA3dF (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 19) and URA3dR (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 20) are used. The resulting 5′δ and 3′δ sequences were inserted into the XhoI site of the introduced vector plasmid pBluescript II KS +, and the resulting plasmid was designated as pδU. Therefore, pδU is a vector plasmid for δ inlation containing a URA3 deletion marker as a selection marker and a yeast δ sequence.

(Preparation Example 4: Construction of pδH)
As described below, a δ integration vector plasmid pδH was constructed.

  PCR method using HIS3 deletion marker (HIS3d) from HIS3 gene present on plasmid pRS403 (HIS3 yeast expression vector: Stratagene), primers HIS3dF (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 21) and HIS3dR (XhoI) (SEQ ID NO: 22) And introduced into the XhoI site of pδseq (Non-patent Document 11), and the resulting plasmid was designated as pδH. Therefore, pδH is a vector plasmid for δ integration containing an HIS3-deficient marker as a selection marker and a yeast δ sequence.

(Example 1: Construction of pδW (U, H) -PGAGBGL, pδW (U, H) -PGAGCBHII, and pδW (U, H) -PGAGEGII)
Various cellulase expression cassettes are inserted into δ integration vector plasmids pδW, pδU and pδH, and nine cellulase expression δ integration vector plasmids pδW-PGAGBGL, pδW-PGAGCBHII, and pδW-PGAGEGII, pδU-PGAGBGL, pδU- PGAGCBHII and pδU-PGAGEGII, and pδH-PGAGBGL, pδH-PGAGCBHII, and pδH-PGAGEGII were constructed. These construction procedures will be described below.

  Using the plasmids pIHPGBGL, pIHPGAGCBHII, and pIWPGAGEGII prepared in Preparation Example 1 as templates, using the primers pPGKF (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 11) and tAGR (NotI) (SEQ ID NO: 12), the respective cellulases were obtained by PCR. Expression cassette (promoter, secretion signal, expression enzyme gene, and region containing cell surface display factor in this order (ie, PGK promoter, secretion signal, β-glucosidase gene, AG-anchor; PGK promoter, secretion signal, cellobio, respectively) Hydrolase II gene, AG-anchor; and PGK promoter, secretion signal, endoglucanase II gene, AG-anchor are arranged in the order of description).

  Each of the cellulase expression cassettes described above was inserted into the NotI site of pδW or pδU prepared in Preparation Example 3, and the resulting plasmids were respectively pδW-PGAGBGL, pδW-PGAGCBHII, and pδW-PGAGEGII, and pδU-PGAGBGL, pδU. -PGAGCBHII and pδU-PGAGEGII were named.

  From the plasmid pIHAGBGL-NotI (Non-patent Document 10) and the plasmids pIU-PGAGEGII and pIW-PGAGCBHII prepared in Preparation Example 2, each cellulase expression cassette (promoter, secretion signal, expressed enzyme gene, and cell surface display factor) Regions that include in order (ie, PGK promoter, secretion signal, β-glucosidase gene, AG-anchor; PGK promoter, secretion signal, cellobiohydrolase II gene, AG-anchor; and PGK promoter, secretion signal, endoglucanase II gene, respectively) , AG-anchor are arranged in the order of description) were obtained by restriction enzyme treatment with NotI.

  Each of the cellulase expression cassettes described above was inserted into the NotI site of pδH prepared in Preparation Example 4, and the resulting plasmids were named pδH-PGAGBGL, pδH-PGAGCBHII, and pδH-PGAGEGII, respectively.

  A schematic diagram of each of these plasmids is shown in FIGS. 1-3 (FIG. 1: pδW-PGAGBGL, pδU-PGAGBGL, and pδH-PGAGBGL, FIG. 2: pδW-PGAGCBHII, pδU-PGAGCBHII, and pδH-PGAGCBHII, FIG. 3). : PδW-PGAGEGII, pδU-PGAGEGII, and pδH-PGAGEGII).

(Example 2: Creation of transformed yeast 1)
Among the plasmids prepared in Example 1, three types of plasmids pδW-PGAGBGL, pδW-PGAGEGII, and pδW-PGAGCBHII having a TRP1-deficient marker were simultaneously used in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 strain (MATa ade his3 leu2 trp1 ura3 strain). And cotransformed by the lithium acetate method (1 cycle cocktail δ integration). To screen for successful transformation, screening was performed by visual observation of colony formation on selective media plates containing no tryptophan and PASC as a single carbon source, followed by measurement of PASC degrading activity (for procedures) And as described in Example 3 below) to obtain a transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain by 1-cycle cocktail δ integration.

  Similarly, the MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain was co-transformed with three types of plasmids pδU-PGAGBGL, pδU-PGAGEGII, and pδU-PGAGCBHII having a URA3 deletion marker (two-cycle cocktail δ integration). Screening for successful transformation was performed in the same manner as the screening for obtaining the MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain, except that the selection medium did not contain uracil in place of tryptophan, resulting in 2 cycles. A transformant MT8-1 / cocδBECII strain by cocktail δ integration was obtained.

  As a control, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 strain was transformed with pIHPGAGCBHII and pIWPGAGEGPGBGL prepared in Preparation Example 1 (for convenience, referred to as “normal integration”) to obtain a transformant MT8-1 / IBEC strain. Transformants by this normal integration are screened by visual observation of colony formation on a selective medium plate that does not contain histidine and tryptophan and that uses glucose as a carbon source, and is screened by measuring PASC degradation activity. went.

(Example 3: Activity measurement 1 of transformant)
The β-glucosidase activity and the transformants MT8-1 / cocδBEC and MT8-1 / cocδBECII by the cocktail δ integration created in Example 2 and the transformant MT8-1 / IBEC by the normal integration were PASC degradation activity was measured. The procedure for measuring each activity is as shown below.

Measurement of β-glucosidase activity Measurement of β-glucosidase activity of the bacterial cells was performed as follows:
(1) Inoculate yeast cells in 5 ml of YPD medium (glucose-peptone-yeast extract medium) and culture for 24 hours;
(2) Wash the cells twice with distilled water;
(3) Reaction solution 500 μl (composition: 10 mM pNPG (p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) 100 μl (final concentration 2 mM); 1 M NaAc (pH 5.0) 25 μl (final concentration 50 mM); yeast 100 μl; and distilled water 275 μl) and react at 30 ° C. for 10 minutes;
(4) After completion of the reaction, 500 μl of 3M Na ₂ CO ₃ is added to stop the reaction; and
(5) After centrifugation at 10,000 g for 5 minutes, the absorbance ABS ₄₀₀ at ₄₀₀ nm of the supernatant was measured.

Measurement of PASC degradation activity Measurement of the PASC degradation activity of the cells was performed as follows:
(1) Inoculate yeast cells in 5 ml of YPD medium and culture for 72 hours;
(2) Wash the cells twice with distilled water;
(3) Prepare 500 μl of reaction solution (composition: PASC 250 μl; 1 M NaAc (pH 5.0) 25 μl (final concentration 50 mM); yeast 100 μl (final concentration 10 g wet amount / l); and distilled water 125 μl) 4 hours reaction;
(4) Centrifuge the sample after the reaction, add 100 μl of Somogyi copper reagent (sigma-aldrich) to 100 μl of the supernatant, incubate at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes, and immediately cool on ice;
(5) After cooling, 200 µl of Nelson reagent (sigma-aldrich) is mixed to dissolve the reduced copper precipitate and develop color;
(6) After standing for 30 minutes, centrifuge at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 20 ° C., mix 800 μl of distilled water with 200 μl of the supernatant, and measure the absorbance at 520 nm. The amount of enzyme that liberates 1 μmol of glucose converted reducing sugar in 1 minute is defined as 1 U.

  4 and 5 show the β-glucosidase activity and PASC (phosphate-swelling cellulose) degradation activity of MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain, MT8-1 / cocδBECII strain, and MT8-1 / IBEC strain, respectively. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents the absorbance at 400 nm after the reaction, which is an indicator of β-glucosidase enzyme activity. In FIG. 5, the vertical axis represents the enzyme amount U per 1 g yeast wet amount, which is an indicator of PASC degradation activity. 4 and 5, “1” on the horizontal axis represents the MT8-1 / IBEC strain, “2” represents the MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain, and “3” represents the MT8-1 / cocδBECII strain.

  Transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC by 1-cycle cocktail δ integration has lower β-glucosidase activity compared to transformant MT8-1 / IBEC by normal integration, but PASC degradation activity is It was confirmed that there was an improvement. In the transformant MT8-1 / cocδBECII strain by 2-cycle cocktail δ integration, the β-glucosidase activity was further reduced, but the PASC degradation activity was further improved.

(Example 4: Confirmation of gene transfer of transformant)
The β-glucosidase gene, the cellobiohydrolase II gene, and the endoglucanase II into the transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain produced by cocktail δ integration and the transformant MT8-1 / IBEC strain produced by ordinary integration in Example 2 The introduction of the three genes was confirmed by colony PCR.

  Yeast colonies on selective media plates were suspended in 20 μL of 0.25% (w / v) SDS and vortexed for 5 minutes. Next, 180 μL of distilled water was added, centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 30 seconds, and the supernatant was collected. Using this supernatant as a template, PCR was performed using KOD-plus-DNA polymerase. Primers are BGL500-1000 (F) (SEQ ID NO: 23) and BGL500-1000 (R) (SEQ ID NO: 24) for BGL, EGII300-800 (F) (SEQ ID NO: 25) and EGII300-800 (R) for EGII. ) (SEQ ID NO: 26), and CBHII300-800 (F) (SEQ ID NO: 27) and CBHII300-800 (R) (SEQ ID NO: 28) were used for CBHII.

  The results are shown in FIG. The lane of BGL group shows the result of introduction of β-glucosidase gene, the lane of EGII group shows the introduction of endoglucanase II gene, and the lane of CBHII group shows the result of introduction of cellobiohydrolase II gene. In both sets, lane 1 represents the result of the transformant by normal integration, and lane 2 represents the result of the transformant by cocktail δ integration. It was confirmed that all of the β-glucosidase gene, endoglucanase II gene, and cellobiohydrolase II gene were introduced into the transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC strain by cocktail δ integration.

(Example 5: Creation of transformed yeast 2)
Among the plasmids prepared in Example 1, the plasmid pδH-PGAGBGL having the HIS3 deletion marker, pδU-PGAGEGII having the URA3 deletion marker, and pδW-PGAGCBHII having the TRP1 deletion marker were simultaneously transformed into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 strain (MATa ade his3 leu2 trp1 ura3 strain) and cotransformed by the lithium acetate method (normal δ integration). Screening for successful transformation by screening for colony formation on selective media plates without histidine, uracil and tryptophan and using PASC as a single carbon source, followed by measurement of PASC degradation activity Thus, a transformant MT8-1 / δBEC strain by ordinary δ integration was obtained.

  Among the plasmids prepared in Example 1, three types of plasmids pδW-PGAGBGL, pδW-PGAGEGII, and pδW-PGAGCBHII having a TRP1-deficient marker were simultaneously used in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 strain (MATa ade his3 leu2 trp1 ura3 strain). And co-transformed by the lithium acetate method (1 cycle cocktail δ integration). For screening of successful transformation, screening is performed by visual observation of colony formation on a selective medium plate containing no tryptophan and PASC as a single carbon source, followed by screening by measuring PASC degradation activity. A transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain by 1 cycle cocktail δ integration was obtained.

  Similarly, the MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain was cotransformed with three types of plasmids pδU-PGAGBGL, pδU-PGAGEGII, and pδU-PGAGCBHII having a URA3 deletion marker (two-cycle cocktail δ integration). Screening for successful transformation was performed in the same manner as the screening for obtaining the MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain except that the selection medium did not contain uracil instead of tryptophan, resulting in 2 cycles. A transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 strain by cocktail δ integration was obtained.

  Similarly, the MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 strain was co-transformed with three types of plasmids pδH-PGAGBGL, pδH-PGAGEGII, and pδH-PGAGCBHII having a HIS3-deficient marker (2-cycle cocktail δ integration). Screening for successful transformation was performed in the same manner as the screening for obtaining the MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain except that the selection medium did not contain histidine instead of tryptophan, resulting in 3 cycles. A transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 strain by cocktail δ integration was obtained.

  As a control, the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 was transformed with the plasmid pIHAGBGL-NotI (Non-patent Document 10) and the plasmids pIU-PGAGEGII and pIW-PGAGCBHII prepared in Preparation Example 2, and the transformant MT8-1 / Obtained IBEC2. Transformants by this normal integration were screened by visual observation of colony formation on a selective medium plate that did not contain histidine, uracil and tryptophan and glucose as a carbon source, and then measured for PASC degradation activity. Screening was performed.

(Example 6: Activity measurement 2 of transformant)
Transformant MT8-1 / δBEC strain by normal δ integration created in Example 5, transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 strain, and MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 strain by cocktail δ integration, In addition, β-glucosidase activity and PASC degradation activity were measured in the same manner as in Example 3 for each of the transformant MT8-1 / IBEC2 strain and the wild strain by normal integration.

  FIG. 7 shows the β-glucosidase activity of each of MT8-1 / δBEC strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 strain, MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 strain, MT8-1 / IBEC2 strain and wild strain (A ) And PASC degradation activity (B).

  Transformant MT8-1 / δBEC by normal δ integration is significantly improved in both β-glucosidase activity and PASC degradation activity compared to transformant MT8-1 / IBEC2 by normal integration. confirmed. Further, the transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain by 1-cycle cocktail δ integration has a decreased β-glucosidase activity compared to the transformant MT8-1 / δBEC strain by normal δ integration, but PASC It was confirmed that the degradation activity was improved. From this result, the transformant by normal δ integration has excessive β-glucosidase activity and the expression balance of the three cellulases is not appropriate, whereas the transformant MT8-1 / In the cocδBEC1 strain, the expression balance of the three cellulases was appropriate, suggesting that PASC was efficiently degraded. In transformants MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 and MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 by 2-cycle and 3-cycle cocktail δ integration, the PASC degradation activity is further improved, and the expression balance of the three cellulases is more appropriate. It is thought that it became.

(Example 7: Measurement of gene transfer copy number of transformant)
Transformant MT8-1 / δBEC by normal δ integration, transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC1, MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 and MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 by cocktail δ integration, and normal integration The introduced copy numbers of the three genes, β-glucosidase gene, cellobiohydrolase II gene, and endoglucanase II gene, into the transformant MT8-1 / IBEC2 strain were measured by real-time PCR.

  Genomic DNA was extracted from 5 mL of yeast cultured in a selective medium using YeaStar Genomic DNA kit (Zymo Research). Using this genomic DNA as a template, real-time PCR was performed using ABI PRISM 7000 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems). The primers were BGL761F (SEQ ID NO: 29) and BGL858R (SEQ ID NO: 30) for BGL, EGII694F (SEQ ID NO: 31) and EGII774R (SEQ ID NO: 32) for EGII, and CBHII571F (SEQ ID NO: 33) and CBHII653R (for CBHII). SEQ ID NO: 34) was used. The housekeeping gene PGK1 gene was used as a control for standardizing the measurement results by real-time PCR.

  The results are shown in FIG. In the transformant MT8-1 / δBEC strain by normal δ integration, the introduced copy numbers of β-glucosidase gene, endoglucanase II gene, and cellobiohydrolase II gene were almost the same as 6, 5, and 9. On the other hand, in the transformant MT8-1 / cocδBEC1 strain by 1-cycle cocktail δ integration, the introduced copy numbers of β-glucosidase gene, endoglucanase II gene, and cellobiohydrolase II gene are 1, 8 and 2, and the endoglucanase II gene It was confirmed that the number of introduced copies of was specifically increased. In addition, it was confirmed that the introduced copy number of the endoglucanase II gene was specifically increased in the transformants MT8-1 / cocδBEC2 and MT8-1 / cocδBEC3 by 2-cycle and 3-cycle cocktail δ integration.

  7 and 8, in the production of cellulolytic yeast by introduction of the cellulase gene, the PASC degradation activity increases as the ratio of the introduced copy number of the endoglucanase II gene to the introduced copy number of the other cellulase genes increases. all right. It was found that yeast having a gene ratio of 2 or more for endoglucanase II / β-glucosidase and 1 or more for endoglucanase II / cellobiohydrolase II has a further improved PASC degradation activity.

  According to the present invention, yeast cells having improved cellulose degradability can be produced. Therefore, it is possible to produce bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass at low cost, and it is expected that efficient use of biomass for a non-petroleum society will be promoted.

Claims (9)

A method for producing cellulolytic yeast,
A method comprising co-introducing a gene encoding at least two cellulolytic enzymes into a host yeast by integration with a yeast δ sequence.   The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two cellulolytic enzymes are a combination of enzymes having different modes of cellulose hydrolysis.   The method of claim 2, wherein the combination of enzymes with different modes of cellulose hydrolysis is selected from the group consisting of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase.   The method according to claim 3, wherein the combination of enzymes having different cellulose hydrolysis modes is a combination of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulolytic enzyme is designed to be displayed on the cell surface.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the co-introducing step is repeated twice or more.   Having genes encoding at least two cellulolytic enzymes that differ in cellulose hydrolysis mode, the enzyme combination being (A) endoglucanase and (B) β-glucosidase, the ratio of the genes (A) / Yeast (B) is 2 or more.   A gene encoding at least two cellulolytic enzymes that differ in the mode of cellulose hydrolysis, the enzyme combination being (A) endoglucanase and (B) cellobiohydrolase, the ratio of the genes (A) / Yeast (B) is 1 or more.   Having genes encoding at least three cellulolytic enzymes that differ in cellulose hydrolysis mode, the enzyme combination being (A) endoglucanase, (B) β-glucosidase, and (C) cellobiohydrolase, Yeast wherein the gene ratio (A) / (B) is 2 or more and (A) / (C) is 1 or more.

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