JP2011075801A - 有機感光体、画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ - Google Patents
有機感光体、画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011075801A JP2011075801A JP2009226744A JP2009226744A JP2011075801A JP 2011075801 A JP2011075801 A JP 2011075801A JP 2009226744 A JP2009226744 A JP 2009226744A JP 2009226744 A JP2009226744 A JP 2009226744A JP 2011075801 A JP2011075801 A JP 2011075801A
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- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
2.前記一般式(1)の電荷輸送性構造を有する連鎖重合性化合物が、下記一般式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の有機感光体。
3.一般式(2)中のR1が水素原子、置換又は無置換のアルキル基であることを特徴とする前記1又は2に記載の有機感光体。
合成例1(RCTM−2の合成)
α−アミノアセトフェノン系の例
2)導電性支持体上に、中間層、感光層として電荷輸送材料と電荷発生材料とを含む単層、及び保護層を順次積層した層構成。
本発明で用いる支持体は導電性を有するものであればいずれのものでもよく、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、クロム、ニッケル、亜鉛及びステンレスなどの金属をドラムまたはシート状に成形したもの、アルミニウムや銅などの金属箔をプラスチックフィルムにラミネートしたもの、アルミニウム、酸化インジウム及び酸化スズなどをプラスチックフィルムに蒸着したもの、導電性物質を単独またはバインダー樹脂と共に塗布して導電層を設けた金属、プラスチックフィルム及び紙などが挙げられる。
本発明においては、導電層と感光層の中間にバリアー機能と接着機能をもつ中間層を設けることもできる。
本発明に用いられる電荷発生層は、電荷発生物質とバインダー樹脂を含有し、電荷発生物質をバインダー樹脂溶液中に分散、塗布して形成したものが好ましい。
本発明の感光体に用いられる電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送物質(CTM)とバインダー樹脂を含有し、電荷輸送物質をバインダー樹脂溶液中に溶解、塗布して形成される。
前記一般式(4)の具体的な化合物例を下記に示す。
下記の様に感光体1を作製した。
下記組成の中間層塗布液を作製した。
ポリアミド樹脂X1010(ダイセルデグサ株式会社製) 1部
酸化チタンSMT500SAS(テイカ社製) 1.1部
エタノール 20部
分散機としてサンドミルを用いて、バッチ式で10時間の分散を行った。
電荷発生物質:チタニルフタロシアニン顔料(Cu−Kα特性X線回折スペクトル測定で5少なくとも27.3°の位置に最大回折ピークを有するチタニルフタロシアニン顔料)
20部
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(#6000−C:電気化学工業社製) 10部
酢酸t−ブチル 700部
4−メトキシ−4−メチル−2−ペンタノン 300部
を混合し、サンドミルを用いて10時間分散し、電荷発生層塗布液を調製した。この塗布液を前記中間層の上に浸漬塗布法で塗布し、乾燥膜厚0.3μmの電荷発生層を形成した。
電荷輸送物質:CTM(前記CTM−6) 150部
バインダー:ポリカーボネート(Z300:三菱ガス化学社製) 300部
酸化防止剤(Irganox1010:チバ・ジャパン社製) 6部
トルエン/テトラヒドロフラン=1/9体積% 2000部
シリコンオイル(KF−96:信越化学社製) 1部
を混合し、溶解して電荷輸送層塗布液を調製した。この塗布液を前記電荷発生層の上に浸漬塗布法を用いて、110℃で60分乾燥後膜厚20μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
電荷輸送性構造を有する連鎖重合性化合物(例示化合物:RCTM−5) 100部
電荷輸送性構造を有しない連鎖重合性化合物(例示化合物No.31) 100部
無機微粒子:酸化チタン(同一質量のメチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサンで表面処理した数平均一次粒径が30nmの酸化チタン) 30部
イソプロピルアルコール 500部
上記成分をサンドミルを用いて10時間分散した後、
重合開始剤1−6 30部
を加え、遮光下で混合攪拌して溶解し保護層塗布液を作製した(保存中は遮光)。該塗布液を先に電荷輸送層まで作製した感光体上に円形スライドホッパー塗布機を用いて、保護層を塗布した。塗布後、室温で20分乾燥後(溶媒乾燥工程)、メタルハライドランプ(500W)を用いて100mmの位置で感光体を回転させながら1分間照射して(紫外線硬化工程)、膜厚3μmの保護層を得た。
感光体1の保護層に使用する材料、硬化条件を表1のように変更した以外は、同様にして感光体2〜28を作製した。
硬化条件(光):メタルハライドランプ(500W)より100mmの位置で感光体を回転させながら1分間照射して膜厚3μmの保護層を得た。
硬化条件(熱):140℃で30分間加熱し膜厚3μmの保護層を得た。
感光体1の作製において、保護層の電荷輸送性構造を有する連鎖重合性化合物(RCTM−5)を除いた他は、感光体1と同様にして感光体29を作製した。
感光体1の作製において、保護層の電荷輸送性構造を有しない連鎖重合性化合物(例示化合物31)を除いた他は、感光体1と同様にして感光体30を作製した。
無機粒子1は、同一質量のメチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサンで表面処理した数平均一次粒径が30nmの酸化チタン
無機粒子2は、同一質量のメチルハイドロジェンポリシロキサンで表面処理した数平均一次粒径が30nmのアルミナ
無機粒子3は、同一質量のジエチルジメトキシシランで表面処理した数平均一次粒径が50nmの酸化亜鉛
〔感光体の評価〕
以上のようにして得た感光体を基本的に、図2の構成を有する市販のフルカラー複合機bizhub PRO C6500改造機(コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ(株)製;800dpi、405nmの半導体レーザの露光光を使用)を用いて評価した。尚、上記フルカラー複合機は画像形成ユニットを4組有しているので、それぞれの画像形成ユニットの感光体を同一種類の感光体(例えば、感光体1の場合は、4本の感光体1を用意して)で統一して、評価を行った。各評価は、30℃80%RHの条件で、YMCBk各色印字率2.5%のA4画像を中性紙のA4紙に50万枚の画出し耐刷試験を行い、その後、下記の個別の環境条件下で評価した。
前記環境条件30℃、80%RHでの50万枚の画出し耐刷試験後に評価した。カブリ濃度はべた白画像をマクベス社製RD−918を使用し反射濃度で測定した。該反射濃度は相対濃度(印刷していないA4紙の濃度を0.000とする)で評価した。
○:濃度が0.010以上、0.020以下(実用上問題ないレベル)
×:濃度が0.020より高い(実用上問題となるレベル)。
環境条件30℃、80%RHでの50万枚の画出し耐刷試験後に、直ぐに実機の主電源を停止した。停止12時間後に電源を入れ画出し可能状態になった後、直ちにA3中性紙全面にハーフトーン画像(マクベス濃度計で相対反射濃度0.4)とA3全面の6dot格子画像を印字した。印字画像の状態を観察し以下の評価を行った。
○:ハーフトーン画像のみに感光体長軸方向の薄い帯状濃度低下が認められる(実用上問題なし)
×:画像ボケによる格子画像の欠損もしくは線幅の細りが発生(実用上問題有り)。
上記フルカラー複合機bizhub PRO C6500改造機の評価条件で、像露光光源の405nmの半導体レーザのビーム径を30μmとし、1200dpiの露光を行い、各感光体のドット再現性を評価した。評価基準を下記に示す。
べた黒の画像の中に、2ドットラインの白線を作製し、下記の基準で評価した。
○:2ドットラインの白線は連続して再現されているが、黒べたの画像濃度が1.2未 満〜1.0以上(実用性に問題なし)
×:2ドットラインの白線が切断されて再現されているか、又は2ドットラインの白線 は連続して再現されていても、黒べたの画像濃度が1.0未満(実用性に問題有り )
上記のべた画像濃度は、マクベス社製RD−918を使用して測定。紙の反射濃度を「0」とした相対反射濃度で測定した。結果は表1に示した。
環境条件を30℃、80%RHでの50万枚の画出し耐刷試験後に、20℃、50%RHの環境条件下に1時間放置し、前記フルカラー複合機bizhub PRO C6500の4組の画像形成ユニットを作動させ、人物顔写真を含むハーフトーン画像をA4紙に印刷し、下記の基準で評価した。
○:ハーフトーンのカラー画像に部分的に濃度が薄い画像ボケ或いは画像ムラが発生しているが、目立たず、全体として、なめらかに再現されている(実用上問題なし)
×:ハーフトーンのカラー画像に、はっきりした画像ボケあるいは画像ムラが発生ししている(実用上問題有り)。
前記環境条件30℃、80%RHでの50万枚の画出し耐刷試験の前後に評価した。以下のように、感光体の表面状態を観察し傷の状態を評価した。評価した感光体はシアン位置に設置された感光体である。
○:50万枚印字後に表面傷1〜5箇所発生(実用上問題なし)
×:50万枚印字後に表面傷6箇所以上発生(実用上問題有り)。
前記環境条件30℃、80%RHでの50万枚の画出し耐刷試験の前後の膜厚差で評価した。感光層の膜厚は均一膜厚部分(感光体の両端は膜厚が不均一になりやすいので、少なくとの両端3cmは除く)をランダムに10ケ所測定し、その平均値を感光層の膜厚とする。膜厚測定器は渦電流方式の膜厚測定器EDDY560C(HELMUT FISCHER GMBTE CO社製)を用いて行い、耐刷試験前後の感光層膜厚の差を膜厚減耗量とする。
○:減耗量が0.8μm〜2μm(実用上問題なし)
×:減耗量が2μmより大きい(実用上問題有り)。
1Y、1M、1C、1Bk 感光体
2Y、2M、2C、2Bk 帯電手段
3Y、3M、3C、3Bk 露光手段
4Y、4M、4C、4Bk 現像手段
Claims (7)
- 導電性支持体上に少なくとも感光層、その上に保護層を有する有機感光体において、該保護層が、少なくとも下記一般式(1)で表される電荷輸送性構造を有する連鎖重合性化合物と電荷輸送性構造を有しない連鎖重合性化合物との反応による硬化樹脂層からなることを特徴とする有機感光体。
- 一般式(2)中のR1が水素原子、置換又は無置換のアルキル基であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の有機感光体。
- 前記電荷輸送性構造を有しない連鎖重合性化合物の連鎖重合性官能基数が3以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の有機感光体。
- 前記保護層が金属酸化物粒子を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の有機感光体。
- 有機感光体の周辺に、少なくとも帯電手段、露光手段、現像手段を有し、繰り返し画像形成を行う画像形成装置において、該有機感光体が請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機感光体であることを特徴とする画像形成装置。
- 請求項6に記載の画像形成装置に用いられるプロセスカートリッジが、少なくとも請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機感光体と帯電手段、像露光手段、現像手段の少なくとも1つを一体として有しており、該画像形成装置に出し入れ可能に構成されることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。
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