JP2010500920A - 水銀の除去 - Google Patents
水銀の除去 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010500920A JP2010500920A JP2009524239A JP2009524239A JP2010500920A JP 2010500920 A JP2010500920 A JP 2010500920A JP 2009524239 A JP2009524239 A JP 2009524239A JP 2009524239 A JP2009524239 A JP 2009524239A JP 2010500920 A JP2010500920 A JP 2010500920A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- absorbent
- mercury
- precursor
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical group [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 glycols (eg Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZEXYOGRFYDXLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K C([O-])([O-])=O.[OH-].[Cu+3] Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[OH-].[Cu+3] KZEXYOGRFYDXLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009868 aluminum magnesium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010724 circulating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002641 tar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0233—Compounds of Cu, Ag, Au
- B01J20/0237—Compounds of Cu
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
- B01J20/0285—Sulfides of compounds other than those provided for in B01J20/045
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/911—Cumulative poison
- Y10S210/912—Heavy metal
- Y10S210/914—Mercury
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
GB−B−1533059は、水銀を含有する天然ガス流れから水銀を吸収するために、硫化銅を含む予備硫化処理された吸収剤を使用することを開示している。予備硫化吸収剤は、塩基性の炭酸銅と耐熱性のセメント結合剤とを含む前駆体を作製し、この前駆体と、イオウ化合物(例えば硫化水素)を含有する気体流れとを、銅化合物が完全に硫化されるように接触させることによって製造される。次いでこの予備硫化吸収剤を使用して、天然ガス流れから水銀を除去する。さらに、銅を還元状態(すなわち金属状態)で含む吸収剤は、水銀を吸収する上で予備硫化吸収剤より効果が劣る。
別の成形法は、成形品の表面積、多孔性、および気孔構造に影響を及ぼし、従って吸収特性やバルク密度に大きな影響を及ぼすことが多い。
以下に実施例を挙げて、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。いずれの場合も、吸収剤前駆体粒子は、固体成分と少量の水とを組み合わせ、顆粒が形成されるようホバートミキサー中にて混合する、という造粒法を使用して製造した。塩基性炭酸銅を含み、60重量%の銅、25重量%の亜鉛(酸化物として表示)、および約15重量%のアルミナを含有する銅−亜鉛組成物を使用した。特に明記しない限り、アルミニウム三水和物(ATH)を担体物質として使用した。所望の効果が得られるよう、結合剤をこれら2つの成分に(場合によっては2種の結合剤の混合物として)加えた。それぞれのケースにおける結合剤1は、CaOを約40重量%含有するアルミン酸カルシウムセメントであった。それぞれのケースにおける結合剤2はアタパルジャイトクレイであった。顆粒を乾燥してから硫化を行った。特に明記しない限り、乾燥は、周囲温度(約20℃)で2時間静置した後に、空気中にて105℃で16時間行った。得られた顆粒のサイズ範囲は2.80〜4.75mmであった。
下記の組成物を使用してサンプルを作製した(量はすべて重量部である)。
本実施例においては、造粒プロセス時に結合剤比を変えると共に温水(55℃)または冷水(約15℃)を使用して調べた。
結合剤比を変えると共に上記配合物中の銅のレベルを25%から50%に増大させて調べた。
検討用に選定した配合物は、1)実施例2(a);2)実施例3(a);および3)結合剤2だけを含有する比較例(実施例1の項の比較例3);であった。
Claims (18)
- 金属硫化物、担体物質、第1の結合剤、および第2の結合剤を含み、ここで前記第1の結合剤がセメント結合剤であり、第2の結合剤が2より大きいアスペクト比を有する高アスペクト比の結合剤である、粒状の水銀吸収剤。
- 金属硫化物が、鉄、銅、またはニッケルの硫化物である、請求項1に記載の吸収剤。
- 担体物質がアルミナまたは水和アルミナである、請求項1または2に記載の吸収剤。
- 第1の結合剤がアルミン酸カルシウムセメント結合剤である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の吸収剤。
- 第2の結合剤がアルミノケイ酸塩クレイである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の吸収剤。
- 第2の結合剤がアタパルジャイトクレイである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の吸収剤。
- 第1の結合剤と第2の結合剤との相対量が2:1〜3:1(第1の結合剤対第2の結合剤として)の範囲である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の吸収剤。
- (i)金属硫化物を形成することができる金属化合物と、担体物質、第1の結合剤、および第2の結合剤とを水の存在下にて組み合わせて、粒状の吸収剤前駆体物質を形成させる工程;
(ii)該吸収剤前駆体物質を乾燥する工程;および
(iii)乾燥した該吸収剤前駆体物質を硫化して、金属化合物から金属硫化物を形成させる工程;を含み、
ここで前記第1の結合剤がセメント結合剤であり、第2の結合剤が2より大きいアスペクト比を有する高アスペクト比の結合剤である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の水銀吸収剤の製造方法。 - 金属硫化物を形成することができる金属化合物と、担体物質、第1の結合剤、および第2の結合剤とをグラニュレーター中で水の存在下にて組み合わせる、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 硫化工程が、硫化水素、硫化カルボニル、メルカプタン、およびポリスルフィドから選択されるイオウ化合物と、金属硫化物を形成することができる金属化合物とを、乾燥した吸収剤前駆体物質中にて反応させることによって行われる、請求項8または請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 水銀を含有する供給流れと、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の吸収剤または請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に従って製造した吸収剤とを接触させることを含む、水銀除去方法。
- イオウ化合物で処理することによって金属硫化物を形成することができる金属化合物、担体物質、第1の結合剤、および第2の結合剤を含み、ここで前記第1の結合剤がセメント結合剤であり、第2の結合剤が、2より大きいアスペクト比を有する高アスペクト比の結合剤である、粒状の水銀吸収剤前駆体。
- イオウ化合物で処理することによって金属硫化物を形成することができる金属化合物が、鉄化合物、銅化合物、またはニッケル化合物である、請求項12に記載の水銀吸収剤前駆体。
- 担体物質がアルミナまたは水和アルミナである、請求項12または請求項13に記載の水銀吸収剤前駆体。
- 第1の結合剤がアルミン酸カルシウムセメント結合剤である、請求項12〜14のいずれか一項に記載の水銀吸収剤前駆体。
- 第2の結合剤がアルミノケイ酸塩クレイである、請求項12〜15のいずれか一項に記載の水銀吸収剤前駆体。
- 第2の結合剤がアタパルジャイトクレイである、請求項12〜16のいずれか一項に記載の水銀吸収剤前駆体。
- 水銀を含有する供給流れと、水銀を吸収することができる金属硫化物を含む吸収剤とを接触させることを含み、ここで該吸収剤は、金属硫化物を形成することができる金属化合物、担体物質、第1の結合剤、および第2の結合剤を含む前駆体と、イオウ化合物を含有する第1の流れとをその場で接触させることによって形成され、該第1の結合剤がセメント結合剤であり、第2の結合剤が、2より大きいアスペクト比を有する高アスペクト比の結合剤である、水銀除去方法。
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GB0616343.0 | 2006-08-17 | ||
GBGB0616343.0A GB0616343D0 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2006-08-17 | Mercury removal |
PCT/GB2007/050491 WO2008020250A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2007-08-14 | Mercury removal |
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US (2) | US8177983B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2051795B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5357025B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101396093B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101500690B (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2657259C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2051795T3 (ja) |
EG (1) | EG26545A (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0616343D0 (ja) |
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JP5357025B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
CA2657259A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
US20100230361A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CN101500690A (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
DK2051795T3 (en) | 2016-08-01 |
AU2007285586B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
KR101396093B1 (ko) | 2014-05-15 |
AU2007285586A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
US20120199538A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
RU2009109430A (ru) | 2010-09-27 |
CN101500690B (zh) | 2013-01-02 |
BRPI0715785B1 (pt) | 2018-04-03 |
CA2657259C (en) | 2014-04-22 |
GB0616343D0 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
EP2051795A1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
EG26545A (en) | 2014-02-11 |
BRPI0715785A2 (pt) | 2013-07-16 |
US8177983B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
KR20090051174A (ko) | 2009-05-21 |
EP2051795B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
MX2009001678A (es) | 2009-02-26 |
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US8343354B2 (en) | 2013-01-01 |
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