JP2010540963A - 単一細胞のラベルフリーアッセイ - Google Patents
単一細胞のラベルフリーアッセイ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
「アッセイ」、「アッセイング」またはこれらと同様の用語は、例えば、存在、非存在、量、範囲、動態、動特性、リガンド候補化合物またはウイルス粒子もしくは病原体等の外部発生刺激による刺激における光学応答のタイプを判定する解析をいう。
バイオセンサに固定されている細胞を有するバイオセンサ画像化システムを提供するステップと、
当該固定されている細胞に、選択された細胞標的に対する刺激を一定期間接触させるステップと、
単一細胞レベルにおいて、単一細胞の一部のレベルにおいて、または単一のクラスタ化された細胞のレベルにおいて、バイオセンサを使用して当該接触させた細胞の動質量再分配を検出するステップと、
細胞標的の細胞シグナリングにおける刺激の異なった効果を判定するステップと、
を含む。
光学バイオセンサは、通常は、バイオセンサを使用してバイオセンサ表面に固定された受容体への標的分子の結合をモニタリングする。取得された結合シグナルは、通常は、照明のサイズ(例えば、200ミクロン)及びバイオセンサ内で移動する結合光の伝播距離(例えば、RWGバイオセンサに関しては、約200ミクロン)によって予め定められている規定された領域における結合の故に平均的な応答を示す。固定された受容体へのサンプル内の標的分子の結合を高解像度で画像化可能な光学バイオセンサシステムのいくつかのクラスが利用可能である。これらのシステムは、例えば、SPR画像化システム、偏光解析画像化、及びRWG画像化を含む。
質量再分配細胞アッセイ技術(MRCAT)は、屈折検出光学バイオセンサ、特に共鳴導波路回折格子(RWG)バイオセンサを使用して細胞応答を探査する新しい方法である。MRCATは、ラベルフリーかつ非侵襲な光学バイオセンサ、特にそのエバネッセント波、を使用してバイオセンサ表面におけるまたはバイオセンサ表面近傍における細胞層の下部内の刺激誘導動質量再分配(DMR)をモニタリングする。測定されたDMRシグナルは、バイオセンサの小さい貫通性によって定められるバイオセンサの検出領域(すなわち検出体積)内にある。バイオセンサは、エバネッセント波を使用してセンサ表面においてまたはセンサ表面の近傍において刺激に起因する細胞層の変化を検知する。エバネッセント波は溶液表面界面における案内された光の全反射によって形成された電磁場であり、検出体積または検出領域とも称される良好に特性付けられた検出浅い貫通深さを有する。センサ構成及び細胞の物理的特性に基づいて、貫通深さは、TM0(垂直偏波またはp極性化)モードに関して150nm付近に認められ、TE0(水平偏波モード)に関しては100nm付近に認められ、バイオセンサは細胞層の下部のみを検知する。(Horvath, R 氏他、「Reverse-symmetry waveguides: theory and fabrication」、Applied physics B-Lasers and Optics、2002、74(4-5):383-393)に記載されている反転導波路構成の場合、貫通深さは数百ナノメートル(例えば、約500nm)になり得る。このようなシステムまたは構成は、本開示によっても使用され得る。
細胞培養のために、ヒト類表皮癌A431細胞(アメリカンタイプセルカルチャー(American Type Cell Culture))が、10%のウシ胎児血清(FBS)、4.5g/リットルのグルコース、2mMのグルタミン、及び抗生剤を添加されたダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)において成長させられた。高集密度の細胞単層を得るために、10%のFBSを含有する50μlのDMEM培地内にあり継代が3から8である約1.8×104個の細胞が、384ウェルマイクロプレートの各々のウェル内に配され、5%のCO2雰囲気下において37℃で、〜1日培養され、その後、血清無しのDMEM内における継続的な培養によって〜20時間スターべーション(starvation)させられた。代替的に、低い集密度の細胞を得るために、1000個の細胞がウェルの各々に加えられ、その後、上記と同一の細胞培養が行われた。
EGF受容体は、受容体チロシンキナーゼのファミリーに属する。EGFは、EGFRと結合し、EGFRの固有のタンパク質−チロシンキナーゼ活性を刺激する。このことは、主にMAPK、Akt及びJNK経路を伴うシグナリングカスケードを開始させる。EGF刺激においては、EGFRを内因的に異常発現させる株価細胞株内に、A431細胞内の質量再分配をもたらし得る多くの事象が存在する。EGFRシグナリングは、細胞の状態に依存していることが知られている。結果として、EGFに起因するDMRシグナルも、細胞の状態に依存する。血清無しの培地における20時間の培養によって取得された静止細胞において、EGF刺激は、3つの異なった順次的な段階を有するDMRシグナルをもたらす:(i)増大するシグナルを伴う正段階(P−DMR)、(ii)遷移段階、及び(iii)減少段階(N−DMR)(図3)。
ブラジキニンB2受容体は、A431細胞内に内在的に発現させられている。A431細胞内において、B2受容体は自身に結合しているGqタンパク質を介したシグナリングを主に媒介している。Gq共役受容体に独特なシグナリングは、いくつかのタンパク質キナーゼC(PKC)のアイソフォーム、GPCRキナーゼ、β−アレスチン、PIP(phosphatidylinositol Phosphate)結合タンパク質、及びジアシルグリセロール結合タンパク質(これらはほんの数例である)を含むGq共役受容体のシグナリングコンポーネントの劇的な転位置である。受容体の生態に従えば、数値解析は、タンパク質転位置及び受容体内部移行がGp共役受容体シグナリングに関して観測されるDMR痕跡の2つの主たる供給源出有ることを示唆する(Fang, Y.氏他、Biophys. J.、2006、91、1925−1940)。
β2−アドレナリン受容体(β2AR)は、原型のGs共役受容体である。β2ARシグナリングの中心は、順次的な、プラズマ膜における受容体、Gタンパク質及びアデニリルシクラーゼの活性化、拡散性の第2のメッセンジャcAMPの蓄積の増加、並びに、タンパク質キナーゼA(PKA)の活性化である。エピネフリンは、A431細胞内、β1ARではなく大量のβ2ARを送出する株価細胞内において用量依存DMRシグナルをもたらす。DMRは、小さなN−DMRによって特徴付けられ、その後に重要なP−DMR事象が起こる。化学正ブル学の研究は、エピネフリンに起因するDMRとcAMP/PKA経路とをリンクさせる。β2ARシグナリング複合体に直接関連する下流のシグナリングコンポーネントの多数が既に細胞膜においてまたは細胞膜の近傍において区分化されている故に、細胞内部標的を活性化されている受容体に与えることは、EGFRに対してまたはGq共役受容体シグナリングに対してよりも非常に弱い。現在知られているこの傾向に対する例外は、例えば、タンパク質キナーゼA(PKA)固定タンパク質(AKAP)及びβ−アレスチンを含む。しかし、クラスリン被覆ピット内への受容体シグナリング複合体の急速なセグリゲーション(segregation)を伴って、局所ATPのcAMPへの転換、及びその後の当該cAMPの細胞膜コンポーネントからの拡散は、局所質量の急速で大きな減少をもたらす。これらの事象の集合は、最初のN−DMR事象をもたらすと考えられる。PKAの活性化が細胞付着複合体に含まれるいくつかのキナーゼ(局所付着キナーゼ)の抑制をもたらし、細胞付着度の上昇をもたらすことが知られており、我々のタンパク質マイクロアレイ実験によって確認された。付着度の上昇は、P−DMR事象の主因である。
細胞シグナリングは、細胞の状況(すなわち、おかれた環境)に依存している。A431細胞は、通常の培養条件下において、クラスタ内で成長して結果として単層になる傾向がある。細胞シグナリングは、細胞集密度が変化すると大きく異なり得る。ここで、B2受容体シグナリングは、クラスタコロニー形式のRWGバイオセンサ上で培養されたA431細胞において分析された。
Claims (17)
- 単一の生細胞の刺激に対する応答の特性を示す方法であって、
バイオセンサ上に固定された単一の生細胞に、選択された細胞標的に対する刺激を接触させるステップと、
バイオセンサ画像化システムを使用して当該接触させられた細胞の動的質量再分配をインタロゲーションして検出するステップと、
前記細胞標的の細胞シグナリングにおける前記刺激の異なった効果を判定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記単一の生細胞が、バイオセンサ毎の単一細胞、バイオセンサ毎の単一細胞クラスタ、バイオセンサ毎の単一細胞の一部、またはこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記細胞標的の前記細胞シグナリングにおける前記刺激の異なった効果が、刺激の存在及び非存在における前記細胞標的の前記細胞シグナリングの前記動的質量再分配の比較を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサ画像化システムの解像度が、細胞毎に約1ピクセルから約50ピクセルであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサ画像化システムの解像度が、少なくとも前記バイオセンサ内の共鳴光伝播方向に垂直な方向において、細胞毎に約1ピクセルから10ピクセルであることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサの表面に固定されている細胞が、約0.5%から約100%の集密度を有していることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサの表面に固定されている細胞が、約80%から約100%の集密度を有していることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサ画像化システムが、共鳴波長導波路回折格子バイオセンサ、画像化偏光解析法、表面プラズモン共鳴画像化、またはこれらの組み合わせに関する掃引波長光学インタロゲーションシステムを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記動的質量再分配シグナルが、刺激に起因する細胞応答のリアルタイムの動態を時間の関数として測定する光シグナルを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記動的質量再分配シグナルが、長期間かつ刺激事象の間において刺激に起因する細胞応答の終端点または複数の点を測定する光シグナルを含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサ画像化システムが、全体的な動特性、進行段階、前記進行段階の規模及び動態、前記動的質量再分配シグナルの一方の段階から他方の段階への遷移時間、またはこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む出力を提供することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記動的質量再分配は、ピクセルまたは場所の各々における結合光の共鳴波長または共鳴角度であり、前記共鳴波長または共鳴角度は、前記バイオセンサシステムの画像化インタロゲーションモードに依存することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記細胞標的が、Gタンパク質共役受容体(GPCR)、イオンチャネル、受容体チロシンキナーゼ、サイトカイン受容体、免疫受容体、インテグリン受容体、イオン輸送体、病原体認識標的、またはこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む細胞表面上の特徴を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記固定された細胞が、前記バイオセンサの前記表面においてパターニングされていることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記インタロゲーションして検出するステップが、約数秒から約数分、約数分から約数時間、約数日から約数週、またはこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つの期間からなることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記細胞標的が、酵素、キナーゼ、フォスファターゼ、単量体もしくは二量体の受容体、相同受容体もしくは非相同受容体の複合体、またはこれらの組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む細胞内部標的を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記バイオセンサに固定されている前記単一の生細胞が、付着細胞、浮遊細胞、またはこれらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする方法。
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- 2008-10-02 DE DE602008005172T patent/DE602008005172D1/de active Active
- 2008-10-02 WO PCT/US2008/011404 patent/WO2009045465A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-10-02 EP EP08836091A patent/EP2195639B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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EP2195639B1 (en) | 2011-02-23 |
ATE499598T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
US8703428B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
WO2009045465A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US20090093013A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
EP2195639A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
DE602008005172D1 (de) | 2011-04-07 |
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