JP2010271116A - Blow hammer for diagnosis of integrity, and method for diagnosis of integrity in concrete structure using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure the blow power acting on a blow hammer and the response of a structure against the blow power at the same time, to make the relative positional relationship between a microphone and a blow point constant and to suppress the effect of the blow power exerted on the microphone to enhance the diagnosing precision of the integrity of the concrete structure, and also to make the diagnosing work of the integrity of the concrete structure efficient. <P>SOLUTION: The hammer head 11 of the blow hammer 10 is constituted of a body part 14 which has a blow surface 11a applying a blow to the surface of the concrete structure formed at one end thereof and in which an accelerometer 20 for measuring blow power is built, the outer part 15 having the body part 14 fitted and installed in the recess 15a thereof while the blow surface 11a is protruded and having a microphone 21 for measuring a blow sound attached to the outer surface thereof and the buffer material 16 interposed between the other end side of the blow surface of the body part 14 and the outer part 15 and applying a buffering function across the body part 14 and the outer part 15 with respect to a blow direction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention uses a hammer for soundness diagnosis for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure by applying a striking force to the surface of the concrete structure and measuring the striking force and sound at this time and the same. The present invention relates to a soundness diagnosis method for concrete structures.

  Conventionally, a so-called hammering test has been performed in a soundness test of a concrete structure. In this hammering inspection, the inspection object is hit with a small hammer for inspection, and the person who is the inspector listens to the `` sound '' generated at that time, and the soundness of the structure to be inspected is determined based on the experience of the inspector. It is a method of evaluating. However, since this method does not record the measurement data of the hitting sound, the objectivity of soundness judgment may be questioned.

  For this reason, as a test method for objectively evaluating the soundness of a concrete structure, a method called a percussion method or a shock elastic wave method is known. As disclosed in Patent Document 1 below, the sound-striking method generates a vibration by striking a concrete surface with striking means, and a striking sound propagated through the concrete by a microphone disposed at a position away from the striking position. In this method, sound (vibration) is collected as air vibration and converted into an electrical signal, and the soundness of concrete is determined by analyzing the signal.

  In Patent Document 2 below, an excitation force sensor as an external force detecting means for converting an excitation force as an external force applied to the ALC plate into an electric signal, and a sound generated by the hit ALC plate are converted into an electric signal. A hammer with a microphone as a signal detection means is described.

JP 2001-31724 A JP 2000-131290 A

  However, in the test method described in Patent Document 1, it takes time to install a microphone at a predetermined position. In addition, since hammering is generally performed by a human hand, the relative position between the hammering point and the response measurement point using a microphone differs depending on the level of impact and is not a fixed distance relationship. There is a problem that the influence of the propagation path of the elastic wave is mixed in the result.

  In addition, it may be necessary to work with a hammer while holding a microphone, and it is necessary to pay attention to the installation of the microphone at the same time that both hands are blocked, and there is a problem that work efficiency is significantly reduced. .

  On the other hand, in the hammer described in Patent Document 2, since the vibration force sensor and the microphone are attached to the hammer, the relative positional relationship between the microphone and the hitting point can be made constant. The vibration is directly transmitted to the microphone, affecting the measurement result of the hitting sound, and the accuracy of the soundness diagnosis is lowered.

  By the way, the shock elastic wave method is a method of measuring the response of a structure by pressing a sensor such as an accelerometer on the surface of the structure, and therefore has a characteristic that a stable response function can be obtained as compared with the percussion method. However, it was necessary to bring the sensor into good contact with the surface of the structure, and the measurement method was more complicated than the sounding method.

  Therefore, the main problem of the present invention is that the striking force acting on the hammer and the response of the structure to the striking force can be measured simultaneously, and the relative positional relationship between the microphone and the striking point is made constant, and the striking force exerted on the microphone. In other words, the accuracy of soundness diagnosis is improved and the soundness diagnosis work is made more efficient.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, as the present invention according to claim 1, a striking force is given to the surface of the concrete structure to act on the hammer at the time of striking, and a response striking sound of the concrete structure to this striking force It is a hammer for soundness diagnosis that diagnoses the soundness of concrete structures by measuring
A hammer head portion that strikes the surface of the concrete structure, and a grip portion that an inspector grips,
The hammer head portion has a striking surface for striking the surface of the concrete structure at one end, a main body portion in which an accelerometer for measuring a striking force is built, and the main body portion in a recess. Between the outer portion, which is fitted and installed with the striking surface projecting and has a microphone for measuring sound hitting the outer surface, and the other end side of the striking surface of the main body portion and the outer portion There is provided a striking hammer for soundness diagnosis, characterized in that the striking hammer is provided between the main body portion and the outer portion and provides a cushioning function with respect to the striking direction.

  In the first aspect of the invention, the hammer head portion of the hammer is formed with a striking surface for striking the surface of the concrete structure at one end, and an accelerometer for measuring the striking force is incorporated. The main body part is fitted and installed in a state in which the hitting surface protrudes into the recess, and the outer part to which a microphone for measuring the hitting sound is attached to the outer surface, and the hitting of the main body part It is interposed between the other end side of the surface and the outer part, and comprises a cushioning material that imparts a cushioning function with respect to the striking direction between the main body part and the outer part. The acting striking force can be measured, and at the same time, the response (striking sound) of the structure to the striking force can be measured by the microphone.

  In addition, since the relative positional relationship between the microphone and the strike point can always be constant, the propagation path of the elastic wave does not adversely affect the analysis result, and the accuracy of soundness diagnosis can be improved. .

  Further, by interposing the shock absorbing material between the main body portion provided with the striking surface and the outer portion to which the microphone is attached, the striking vibration acting on the main body portion at the time of striking is not directly transmitted to the microphone, and the shock absorbing material Therefore, the influence on the measurement result of the hitting sound can be suppressed, and the accuracy of the soundness diagnosis can be improved.

  In addition, since a microphone is attached to the hammer, it is not necessary to install a microphone for measuring the sound and to carry it by hand. it can.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the hammer for soundness diagnosis according to the first aspect, wherein the microphone is mounted so that a surface direction of a diaphragm surface for detecting a hitting sound is parallel to the striking direction. .

  In the second aspect of the invention, by attaching the surface direction of the diaphragm surface of the microphone in parallel to the striking direction, the influence of wind pressure generated in the striking direction at the time of striking can be removed and the diaphragm surface in the striking direction. On the other hand, when it is mounted in parallel, it is possible to prevent the generation of sound having a specific frequency component due to multiple reflection of sound between the concrete surface and the diaphragm surface.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soundness diagnosis comprising the sounding hammer according to any one of the first and second aspects, and an analysis processing device connected to the accelerometer and the microphone so as to be able to transmit signals. A method for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure using an apparatus,
The surface of the concrete structure is hit with the hitting hammer, the hitting force waveform measured by the accelerometer and the hitting sound waveform measured by the microphone are taken into the analysis processing device, and the hitting force waveform is differentiated. A velocity waveform, a transfer function of the concrete structure is calculated on the basis of the velocity waveform and the sound waveform, and the soundness of the concrete structure is evaluated using the transfer function. A health diagnostic method is provided.

  The invention according to claim 3 is a method for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure using the hammer for diagnosing soundness in the case where an evaluation method using a transfer function is used as a method for evaluating the soundness of the concrete structure. Is specified.

  That is, when the surface of a concrete structure is struck with a hammer, the striking force waveform measured by the accelerometer is differentiated into a velocity waveform, and the concrete is based on this velocity waveform and the sound waveform of the sound measured by the microphone. The transfer function of the structure is calculated. Since the transfer function shows a characteristic characteristic of the concrete structure, it is possible to diagnose whether the concrete structure is healthy or unhealthy.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soundness diagnosis comprising the sounding hammer according to any one of the first and second aspects, and an analysis processing device connected to the accelerometer and the microphone so as to transmit signals. A method for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure using an apparatus,
The surface of the concrete structure is hit with the hitting hammer, the hitting force waveform measured by the accelerometer and the hitting sound waveform measured by the microphone are taken into the analysis processing device, and the sound hitting sound waveform is frequency-analyzed. Thus, there is provided a method for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure, wherein the frequency characteristic is calculated and the soundness of the concrete structure is evaluated using the frequency characteristic.

  The invention described in claim 4 is a method for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure using the hammer for diagnosing soundness in the case of using an evaluation method based on frequency analysis as a method for evaluating the soundness of the concrete structure. Is specified.

  When the surface of the concrete structure is hit, the elastic wave reciprocates in the thickness direction inside the concrete and multiple reflection occurs. In this method, sound waves emitted along with the vibration of the concrete surface due to multiple reflections are measured with a microphone, and the soundness of the concrete structure is evaluated with frequency characteristics obtained by frequency analysis.

  More specifically, in the case of a sound concrete structure, the frequency of multiple reflections (the natural frequency of the thickness) at which the elastic wave due to impact reciprocates in the thickness direction depends on the thickness of a homogeneous concrete structure. The frequency characteristic of the hitting sound at this time is a spectrum having a peak value at a specific frequency. On the other hand, in the case of an unhealthy concrete structure, an elastic wave having a component lower than the natural frequency of the thickness is generated in the defective portion, and the frequency characteristic of the hitting sound at this time is a frequency component different from the natural frequency of the thickness. A spectrum having Thus, the sound property / unhealth of the concrete structure can be diagnosed by the frequency characteristic of the hitting sound.

  5. The soundness diagnosis of a concrete structure according to claim 3, wherein a measurement time of each time waveform measured by the accelerometer and the microphone is within 10 ms from the start of impact as the present invention according to claim 5. A method is provided.

  In the invention described in claim 5, the measurement time of the striking force waveform and the sound waveform is within 10 ms from the start of striking. This is because the elastic wave velocity in concrete is about 4000 m / s and propagates a distance of 40 m in 10 ms. Therefore, in a general concrete structure having a thickness of 2 m or less, an elastic wave is generated in this 10 ms. This is because at least 10 reciprocations in the thickness direction provide a sufficient number of multiple reflections for one impact, and the soundness of the concrete structure can be evaluated quickly and easily.

  As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the striking force acting on the hammer and the response of the structure to the striking force can be measured at the same time, and the relative positional relationship between the microphone and the striking point is made constant. By suppressing the influence of the impact force exerted, the accuracy of the soundness diagnosis is improved, and the soundness diagnosis work can be made more efficient.

It is a lineblock diagram of soundness diagnostic device 1 using hitting hammer 10 concerning the present invention. 1 is a side view of a hitting hammer 10. FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a hammer head portion 11 of a hammering hammer 10.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[Health diagnosis device 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, the soundness diagnosis device 1 applies a striking force to the surface of a concrete structure, and measures a striking force acting on a hammer during striking and a response striking sound of the concrete structure to this striking force. When the hammer 20 for diagnosing the soundness of the concrete structure (hereinafter referred to as a hammer) is applied to the surface of the concrete structure with the hammer, the hammer 10 is applied. An input amplifier 3 for amplifying each of the striking force and sound signals measured by the accelerometer 20 and the microphone 21 provided in the above to an appropriate amplitude, and an AD converter 4 for converting these signals into digital signals; From a personal computer P (hereinafter referred to as a personal computer P) that takes in the digital signal and performs various types of analysis, diagnosis, recording and storage. It is configured. The signal processor 5 provided in the personal computer P performs various analyzes and diagnoses of the captured data, and records and saves the data in the data recording device 6 such as a hard disk of the personal computer P. A chart is displayed on the monitor 7.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the hammering hammer 10 includes a hammerhead portion 11 that strikes the surface of the concrete structure, a grip portion 13 that an inspector grips when hitting, the hammerhead portion 11 and the grip portion 13. And a shaft portion 12 for connecting the two.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the hammer head portion 11 is formed with a striking surface 11a that strikes the surface of the concrete structure at one end, and for measuring a striking force acting on the hammer at the time of striking. A main body 14 having an accelerometer 20 built therein, and a microphone 21 for measuring the hitting sound on the external side surface while the main body 14 is fitted and installed in the recess 15a with the striking surface 11a protruding. Is attached to the outer portion 15, the cushioning material 16 for imparting a cushioning function to the striking direction of the main body portion 14, and the weight 11b for adjusting the magnitude and duration of the striking force according to the weight at the time of striking. It is configured.

  In the hammering hammer 10, an accelerometer 20 is built in the main body 14 and a microphone 21 is attached to the outer side surface of the outer part 15, so that the hammering force acting on the hammering hammer 10 can be measured by the accelerometer 20. At the same time, the microphone 21 can measure the response (sounding sound) of the structure to the striking force.

  Moreover, since the microphone 21 for measuring the hitting sound is attached to the outer side surface of the outer portion 15, the relative positional relationship between the microphone 21 and the hitting point can always be constant, and the propagation path of the elastic wave is the analysis result. It is possible to improve the accuracy of soundness diagnosis.

  Further, since the cushioning material 16 is interposed between the main body portion 14 having the striking surface 11a and the outer portion 15 to which the microphone 21 is attached, the striking vibration in the striking direction acting on the main body portion 14 at the time of striking is The buffer material 16 is buffered to some extent and is not directly transmitted to the microphone 21. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the influence of the impact vibration on the measurement result of the hitting sound by the microphone 21 and to improve the accuracy of the soundness diagnosis.

  In addition, since the microphone 21 is attached to the hammering hammer 10, it is not necessary to separately install a microphone for measuring the hammering sound or to carry it by hand, thereby improving the soundness diagnosis work. Will be able to.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the main body portion 14 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a curved striking surface 11 a that protrudes at one end in the axial direction. An accelerometer 20 is built in the main body 14, and an electric cord (not shown) for transmitting the measured acceleration signal to the input amplifier 3 is connected to the accelerometer 20.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the outer portion 15 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and a concave portion 15a into which the main body portion 14 is fitted and installed is formed on one end side in the axial direction. A microphone 21 is attached to a position near the one end outside the side surface of the outer portion 15, and an electric cord (not shown) for transmitting a measured sound signal to the input amplifier 3 is attached to the microphone 21. ) Is connected.

  The cushioning material 16 has a cushioning function in the striking direction (axial direction) between the main body portion 14 and the outer portion 15 in a state where the main body portion 14 is fitted and installed in the concave portion 15a of the outer portion 15. Arranged in position. As the buffer material 16, a known rubber material, resin material, spring material or the like can be used.

  Since the hammer head portion 11 includes the buffer material 16, the hammer head portion 11 has a buffer function that prevents the striking force acting on the main body portion 14 from being directly transmitted to the microphone 21 at the time of striking, and has an effect on the sound measurement of the microphone 21. Can be reduced. Moreover, even if the main body 14 repels at the time of striking, the repelling of the outer portion 15 can be suppressed by the buffering action of the cushioning material 16, thereby suppressing a change in the extreme distance between the concrete surface and the microphone 21 at the time of striking, Measurement accuracy can be improved.

  The microphone 21 is attached so that the surface direction of the diaphragm surface for detecting the hitting sound is parallel to the hitting direction. For this reason, the influence of wind pressure generated in the striking direction at the time of striking can be removed, and when the diaphragm surface is mounted parallel to the striking direction of the striking hammer, the sound is identified by multiple reflections between the concrete surface and the diaphragm surface. Generation of frequency component sounds can be prevented.

[Health diagnosis method]
Next, the soundness diagnosis method for a concrete structure using the soundness diagnosis apparatus 1 will be described in detail.

  In the soundness diagnosis method according to the present invention, the surface of a concrete structure is hit with the hitting hammer 10, the hitting force waveform measured by the accelerometer 20 and the hitting sound waveform measured by the microphone 21 are given to the personal computer P. Intake and signal processor 5 evaluates the soundness of the concrete structure based on the striking force waveform and the sound waveform.

  As a method for evaluating the soundness of the concrete structure, an evaluation method using a transfer function or an evaluation method using frequency analysis, which will be described in detail below, can be suitably used.

  As an evaluation method using the transfer function, a transfer function of a concrete structure is calculated based on a velocity waveform obtained by differentiating the impact force waveform and a sound waveform, and the soundness of the concrete structure is evaluated using the transfer function. It is. The striking force waveform has a similar relationship with the displacement waveform of the concrete surface because the concrete surface has a spring-like property. Specifically, since the accelerometer 20 is built in the hammering hammer 10, the acceleration measured by the hammer is actually a deceleration acceleration due to the hammer colliding with the concrete surface. The acceleration at the time of deceleration is generated by a reaction force generated on the concrete surface. That is, when concrete has a spring-like element, the reaction force generated is F = kD (k: spring coefficient, D: displacement), while from the hammer side, F = Ma (M: hammer mass, a: (Deceleration acceleration acting on hammer). From the balance of these forces (Ma = kD), a relationship of a = D (k / M) is obtained, and it can be said that the acceleration measured by the accelerometer is similar to the displacement of the concrete surface. Therefore, the velocity waveform can be obtained by differentiating the striking force waveform measured by the accelerometer 20.

  The transfer function is calculated by differentiating the striking force waveform measured by the accelerometer 20 in the personal computer P to calculate the velocity waveform x (w). Subsequently, a transfer function G (w) represented by the following equation (1) is calculated from the velocity waveform x (w) and the sound waveform y (w). In the following equation (1), L [x (w)] and L [y (w)] are Laplace transforms of the time waveforms x (w) and y (w), respectively.

  Here, because of the continuity of the vibration speed, the vibration speed of the concrete surface is equal to the vibration speed of the air particles in contact with the concrete surface, and the sound pressure waveform and the velocity waveform of the air particles are equal in the free sound field. The sound waveform (sound pressure) measured by is a time waveform substantially equal to the vibration speed of the concrete surface. Therefore, the transfer function G (w) in the above equation (1) represents the ratio between the input speed and the response speed of the concrete structure.

  Since the transfer function G (w) indicates a characteristic characteristic of the concrete structure which is the test object, the soundness / unhealth of the concrete structure can be diagnosed.

  For example, if there is an abnormal part such as a crack or deterioration inside a concrete structure, an elastic wave with a different component is generated near the abnormal part, and abnormal transmission occurs at a frequency different from the frequency inherent in healthy concrete. Function fluctuations will appear. Therefore, if an abnormal component is included in the transfer function G (w), it can be diagnosed that an abnormality such as cracking or deterioration has occurred in the concrete structure.

  Next, the evaluation method by frequency analysis will be described in detail. This method detects the presence or absence of an internal defect by performing a frequency analysis of the measured sound and comparing and analyzing the frequency components.

  Specifically, when an impact is applied to the surface of a concrete structure, an elastic wave reciprocates in the thickness direction inside the concrete to generate multiple reflections. In the case of a sound concrete structure, the frequency of multiple reflection (the natural frequency of the thickness) at which the elastic wave caused by impact reciprocates in the thickness direction is substantially constant according to the thickness of a homogeneous concrete structure. Accordingly, the frequency analysis result of the hit sound at this time is a spectrum having a peak value at a specific frequency.

  On the other hand, in the case of an unhealthy concrete structure, for example, when there is a crack with cracks in the vicinity of the concrete surface, the peeled portion becomes a film and an elastic wave having a component lower than the natural frequency of the thickness is generated. become. Therefore, the frequency analysis result of the hitting sound at this time becomes a spectrum including a frequency component different from the natural frequency of the thickness.

  Thus, the internal defect can be detected by performing the frequency analysis of the hitting sound. Note that the thickness of the concrete structure can be detected from the frequency of the multiple reflection (the natural frequency of the thickness).

  By the way, it is preferable that the measurement time measured by the accelerometer 20 and the microphone 21 is within 10 ms from the start of the impact. This is because the elastic wave velocity in concrete is about 4000 m / s, that is, it propagates a distance of 40 m in 10 ms. Therefore, in a general concrete structure having a thickness of 2 m or less, an elastic wave is generated in 10 ms. Is at least 10 reciprocations in the thickness direction, so that a sufficient number of multiple reflections can be obtained for one impact, and the soundness of the concrete structure can be evaluated quickly and easily.

  Next, the influence of the measurement hitting sound due to the change of the relative distance between the microphone 21 and the surface of the concrete structure will be examined after the hitting hammer repels after hitting. That is, after hitting the surface of the concrete structure, the hitting hammer 10 is moved away from the surface of the concrete structure due to repulsion, and the distance between the microphone 21 and the concrete structure surface is gradually increased while measuring the hitting sound with the microphone 21. Become. For this reason, there is a concern that it may affect the sound hit by the microphone 21. However, when the measurement time of the time waveform is within 10 ms from the start of the impact as described above, the travel distance of the hammer is about 10 mm when the hammer movement speed is 1 m / s. Thus, within a range of 10 mm from the surface of the concrete structure, the sound wave can be regarded as a plane wave from the concrete surface, and this plane wave has a characteristic that the attenuation of the sound pressure due to the distance is small. For this reason, even if the hammer is repelled after the impact, it can be said that the measurement result of the impact sound is not affected in the measurement time within 10 ms. In the striking hammer 10 according to the present invention, even if the main body portion 14 including the striking surface 11a is repelled at the time of striking, the hammer head portion 11 has a striking direction in order to suppress the movement of the outer portion 15 to which the microphone 21 is attached. A cushioning material 16 that provides a cushioning function is provided.

  In the soundness diagnosis method according to the present invention, setting the measurement time to be within 10 ms as described above is a considerably shorter setting than the measurement time of 500 ms or more for a normal hammering test. In a short-time signal of 10 ms or less, the main component is a multiple reflection component in which waves propagate in concrete. However, when the measurement time is long, a low frequency component generated by vibration of the entire structure is the main component. When the measurement time is 10 ms or less, the frequency of the measured sound is mainly 5 kHz to 25 kHz or more, which is a sound that cannot be detected by human hearing unless it is a very quiet place such as a soundproof room. On the other hand, when the measurement time is 500 ms or more, the frequency component is 1 kHz or less, and the sound can be sufficiently detected by human hearing.

  The conventional sounding method is a measurement analysis technique that focuses on sound having a frequency component of 1 kHz or less. For this reason, it is possible to detect defects such as clear peeling of relatively thin layers, but it is difficult to detect junkers (gap due to aggregate separation) and internal cavities in the concrete structure. In the conventional percussion method, a sound part is judged as clear sound, and a defective part is judged as muddy sound. The clear sound is a sound percussion itself in a sound part, and the muddy sound is a sound including a harmonic sound caused by a defective part such as a film vibration (vibration like a drum film) in a peeling part of a thin layer. That is.

  On the other hand, in the soundness diagnosis according to the present invention, the frequency of multiple reflection is used as an index for soundness evaluation as described above, and the frequency of multiple reflection is mainly 5 to 25 kHz or more. For this reason, in the soundness diagnosis according to the present invention, the measurement time can be within 10 ms. Thus, by using the frequency of multiple reflections as an index for soundness evaluation, the thickness of concrete structures, internal defects, and the like can be detected with high accuracy as in the elastic shock wave method.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Soundness diagnostic apparatus, 3 ... Input amplifier, 4 ... AD converter, 10 ... Sounding hammer (hammer), 11 ... Hammer head part, 11a ... Strike surface, 12 ... Shaft part, 13 ... Grip , 14 ... body part, 15 ... outer part, 15 a ... recess, 16 ... cushioning material, 20 ... accelerometer, 21 ... microphone

Claims (5)

Soundness diagnosis that diagnoses the soundness of concrete structures by applying striking force to the surface of the concrete structure and measuring the striking force acting on the hammer at the time of striking and the response sound of the concrete structure to this striking force A blow hammer for
A hammer head portion that strikes the surface of the concrete structure, and a grip portion that an inspector grips,
The hammer head portion has a striking surface for striking the surface of the concrete structure at one end, a main body portion in which an accelerometer for measuring a striking force is built, and the main body portion in a recess. The outer portion is fitted and installed with the striking surface protruding, and has an outer portion to which a microphone for measuring sound is attached to the outer surface, the other end side of the striking surface of the main body portion, and the outer portion. A hammer for soundness diagnosis, characterized by comprising a cushioning material interposed between the body portion and the outer portion and imparting a cushioning function to the striking direction.   The sounding hammer according to claim 1, wherein the microphone has a diaphragm surface that detects a hitting sound and a surface direction of the diaphragm that is parallel to the hitting direction. Soundness of a concrete structure using a soundness diagnosis device comprising the sounding hammer for soundness diagnosis according to any one of claims 1 and 2 and an analysis processing device connected to the accelerometer and a microphone so as to transmit signals. A sex diagnostic method,
The surface of the concrete structure is hit with the hitting hammer, the hitting force waveform measured by the accelerometer and the hitting sound waveform measured by the microphone are taken into the analysis processing device, and the hitting force waveform is differentiated. A velocity waveform, a transfer function of the concrete structure is calculated on the basis of the velocity waveform and the sound waveform, and the soundness of the concrete structure is evaluated using the transfer function. Health diagnostic method. Soundness of a concrete structure using a soundness diagnosis device comprising the sounding hammer for soundness diagnosis according to any one of claims 1 and 2 and an analysis processing device connected to the accelerometer and a microphone so as to transmit signals. A sex diagnostic method,
The surface of the concrete structure is hit with the hitting hammer, the hitting force waveform measured by the accelerometer and the hitting sound waveform measured by the microphone are taken into the analysis processing device, and the sound hitting sound waveform is frequency-analyzed. And calculating a frequency characteristic and evaluating the soundness of the concrete structure based on the frequency characteristic.   5. The method for diagnosing the soundness of a concrete structure according to claim 3, wherein a measurement time of each waveform measured by the accelerometer and the microphone is within 10 ms from the start of impact.

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